No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Technical translation and related disciplines
Abstract
The article discusses recent developments in technical translation and the ways they will affect future training of technical translators. Technical translation already looms large in that it comprises more than 90% of the translation of the professional world output. Technical translators will still have to master a foreign language as they already have contingent liability and are legally responsible for translation errors. The functions of technical translation are gradually fusing or becoming difficult to distinguish from those of technical writing as both professions have an interest in producing unambiguous messages. The technical translator also has to take into account the audience to a more marked extent. This means that deliberate formatting of texts to local “styles” and the use of controlled language will become more pronounced and used more often by translators. In addition, localisation, especially software localisation, and the extensive use of translation memories mean that technical translators will come to rely less on traditional source texts. This implies that translators must also command content management and make use of tagging and metadata.
... Defining proper skills for translators [11,28,[33][34][35] Enhancing relationships between translators and programmers [27,[36][37][38] Keeping translators informed about the context of the game [28] Improving internationalization software [25,36,39] Improving CAT tools, machine learning translation and other localization techniques [33,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] For instance, the major open challenges related to video games (and application software) localization would be to highlight a set of relevant skills for enriching translator's background with additional competencies, in the attempt to bridge the existing gaps between the old and the modern industry operative approaches. In particular, the software companies should find some ways to incentivize the level of cooperation and communication between translators and programmers [38]. ...
... Defining proper skills for translators [11,28,[33][34][35] Enhancing relationships between translators and programmers [27,[36][37][38] Keeping translators informed about the context of the game [28] Improving internationalization software [25,36,39] Improving CAT tools, machine learning translation and other localization techniques [33,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] For instance, the major open challenges related to video games (and application software) localization would be to highlight a set of relevant skills for enriching translator's background with additional competencies, in the attempt to bridge the existing gaps between the old and the modern industry operative approaches. In particular, the software companies should find some ways to incentivize the level of cooperation and communication between translators and programmers [38]. ...
The study of linguistics applied to computer science is a much-discussed topic today. In this area, particularly relevant is the software localization process describing the linguistic and cultural adaptation of software products to a specific market scenario. Software localization is going through a phase of strong development due to the great market demand and the current trend of making the computer more human-like in the way it interacts with the user. This paper focuses on “linguistic” localization by addressing the language translation process from the perspective of translation studies. In particular, the process of translating the language assets in a game and making the game linguistically and culturally appropriate for the target market will be explored. The study provides a systematic literature review of the main localization methods developed over the last four decades, along with the major issues and challenges mainly related to the main linguistic and cultural aspects of videogames. The review results are integrated with the results of a qualitative analysis conducted through a focus group with the participation of both academic and professional experts in software and videogame localization. The results of this study are worthwhile for many academics and industry professionals as they provide an in-depth overview of the localization process in software and videogames as well as potential directions for future research.
... As traduções do setor hoteleiro estão circunscritas no rol dos textos técnicos que, de acordo com Kingscott, 2002 (2017) dissertam sobre uma perspectiva de trabalho com a tradução dessa tipologia de texto baseada no referencial de Collins & Evans (2007) sobre a expertise por interação, a fim de obtenção de resultados mais favoráveis e próximos das expectativas das comunidades discursivas-meta. Lourenço da Silva & Assis Silveira (2017) explicam que Collins & Evans (2007) tratam de dois conceitos: a expertise contributiva e a expertise por interação, ambos ancorados numa abordagem sociológica. ...
A tradução como comunicadora e mediadora de culturas pode ser muito útil na Hotelaria, onde a comunicação é o principal atributo de trabalho, devendo ocorrer de maneira satisfatória para evitar ruídos que acarretem prejuízos na cadeia turística. Entretanto, a formação do profissional apresenta diversas lacunas formativo- preparatórias. Por isso, primamos demonstrar como o uso da expertise por interação num projeto de tradução inversa – do português brasileiro para o espanhol rioplatense, cujo corpus oral fonte adquiriu- se através da gravação do profissional em seu momento de prática - , calcado no funcionalismo, pode ser uma via de mão tripla: i) desenvolver a competência tradutória do tradutor; o domínio linguístico- comunicativo específico – em língua materna e língua estrangeira; ii) melhorar a qualidade das traduções na área; iii) oferecer subsídio que capacita o profissional, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de sua competência comunicativa em língua espanhola.
... Upon reviewing the methodological insights of fellow educators specializing in scientific and technical translation (Chernovatyi, 2019;Maat, 2019;Karaban, 2018, Calvo, 2015Bassnett, 2013;Cherednychenko, 2007;Kingscott, 2002, Mykolaieva, 2002, we defined several criteria that properly selected texts for practicing technical translation skills among students must adhere to (Table 3): Table 3. ...
This paper deals with content-based approach to translating scientific and technical literature, vital for gaining effective translation competence in specialized translation. Central to this research is the development of a methodology for selecting appropriate texts for training future translators. The study emphasizes the importance of choosing authentic texts that are modern, diverse, and relevant to various fields of science and technology, sourced from printed publications, electronic resources, and materials commonly encountered in professional practice. The research underscores the significance of thematic alignment, terminological richness, and the presence of lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and pragmatic challenges in the texts chosen to enhance students' translation skills. The paper outlines a systematic approach to teaching translation skills, emphasizing a content-based strategy that focuses on communicative necessity and thematic relevance. This methodological study on scientific and technical texts' selection is the first in a series of similar ones aimed at creating an effective learning structure, which will ultimately enhance the competence of future professionals in this field. Svitlana Radetska, Olena Mazur
... Upon reviewing the methodological insights of fellow educators specializing in scientific and technical translation (Chernovatyi, 2019;Maat, 2019;Karaban, 2018, Calvo, 2015Bassnett, 2013;Cherednychenko, 2007;Kingscott, 2002, Mykolaieva, 2002, we defined several criteria that properly selected texts for practicing technical translation skills among students must adhere to (Table 3): Table 3. ...
This paper deals with content-based approach to translating scientific and technical literature, vital for gaining effective translation competence in specialized translation. Central to this research is the development of a methodology for selecting appropriate texts for training future translators. The study emphasizes the importance of choosing authentic texts that are modern, diverse, and relevant to various fields of science and technology, sourced from printed publications, electronic resources, and materials commonly encountered in professional practice. The research underscores the significance of thematic alignment, terminological richness, and the presence of lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and pragmatic challenges in the texts chosen to enhance students' translation skills. The paper outlines a systematic approach to teaching translation skills, emphasizing a content-based strategy that focuses on communicative necessity and thematic relevance. This methodological study on scientific and technical texts’ selection is the first in a series of similar ones aimed at creating an effective learning structure, which will ultimately enhance the competence of future professionals in this field.
... Translators should keep in mind that, as Dam-Jensen & Heine (2013) suggested, translation is a kind of text writing and they have to produce a cohesive text for a target audience. It is the translator's duty to find the right register for the text (Kingscott, 2002). ...
Controlled language, as a subset of natural language, refers to the restricted or standardised
use of lexicon, grammar, and style. It has been hypothesised that the use of controlled language
makes technical texts more translatable and therefore more understandable. This paper reports
the results of an experimental study designed to test this hypothesis. To try out the hypothesis, a text written in
controlled technical language and standard technical language was translated by 40 participants. The participants
did not any see any difference between the two texts in terms of translatability. The texts were analysed
qualitatively and quantitatively. In terms of accuracy, language style and textual cohesion, the translated texts
turned out to be more appropriate in the context of controlled technical English. However, it has been also shown
that the participants, regardless of the text types, are still to loyal to the source text, ignoring the fact that they are
translating for a new audience. Conclusively, the results showed that controlled technical language improved the
comprehensibility and translatability of technical documentation in terms of accuracy, style and text quality. The
study suggests that international companies should employ technical writers and translators who prioritise the
language and extralinguistic norms of the target audience, rather than blindly adhering to the source
... Technical texts are considered the main target of MT systems and they were used in many studies of MTPE that included different numbers of language pairs (Krings 2001;O'Brien 2006;Haji Sismat 2016;Yang et al. 2020). According to Kingscott (2002) All English texts were meticulously chosen in the sense that they reflect some of the main characteristics of scientific and technological texts, as required by the objectives of the course. In particular, the research study focused on the translation of expository texts (Hatim and Mason 2014). ...
The modern translation industry is using machine translation post-editing (MTPE) widely, and the translation industry in the Arab World is following the global lead. However, while MTPE training is offered in many language pairs around the world, MTPE training in English-Arabic is still not officially offered in translation training programmes in the Arab World. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MTPE training in a female undergraduate translation programme in Saudi Arabia by examining students’ opinions about MTPE and comparing its productivity and quality with an established practice in the translation classroom, i.e., human translation (HT). To achieve its aim, this study used a mixed-method design of the ‘Kirkpatrick Model of Learning Evaluation’. Focus group discussions and retrospective pre-test surveys were used to examine students’ opinions as well as a pre-post experiment which involved two groups of students (29 in the control group and 31 in the experimental group) that was used to compare the productivity of students and the quality of translated texts when using MTPE as compared with HT. Students’ opinions that were revealed through the pre-intervention focus group discussions were generally mixed with a preference shown in favour of HT, except for translation speed as most of the students thought that MTPE was the faster method of translation. As for the survey, students’ pre-intervention responses supported those opinions revealed in the focus group discussions. However, post-intervention responses revealed a statistically significant shift towards more acceptance of MTPE training and use, indicating that the more students learned about the features of MT and MTPE skills and practiced them, the more positive their opinions became. Statistical results from comparing students’ productivity showed a medium effect size which indicates that MTPE cannot be ignored as a method to increase productivity in translation. The effectiveness of MTPE in translation quality was evaluated by measuring error count and error type. Error count analysis indicated that students who used MTPE have increased scores in a similar manner to those who used HT but not more. The analysis of error type showed that while MTPE helped students avoid deletion and technical errors, the number of errors relating to accuracy, comprehension and grammar were more frequent in Arabic MTPE translated texts.
... The rapid development in scientific and technical fields has led to the growing demand for the technical translation since most products are published in English as a universal lingua franca. In this light, a technical translation could be viewed as one of the essential branches in the field of translation since what we have seen today is that approximately 90% of the translations on the global market are technical ones (Kingscott, 2002). However, dealing with such specialized texts is not easy because several issues and factors affect these texts, such as style and terminology (Al-Abbas & Haider, 2021). ...
Call for Papers and Special Issue Proposals
Aims and Scope
Journal of Language Teaching and Research (JLTR) is a scholarly peer-reviewed international scientific journal published bimonthly, focusing on
theories, methods, and materials in language teaching, study and research. It provides a high profile, leading edge forum for academics, professionals,
consultants, educators, practitioners and students in the field to contribute and disseminate innovative new work on language teaching and research.
JLTR invites original, previously unpublished, research and survey articles, plus research-in-progress reports and short research notes, on both
practical and theoretical aspects of language teaching, learning, and research. These areas include, but are not limited to, the following topics:
• Language teaching methodologies
• Pedagogical techniques
• Teaching and curricular practices
• Curriculum development and teaching methods
• Programme, syllabus, and materials design
• Second and foreign language teaching and learning
• Classroom-centered research
• Literacy
• Language education
• Teacher education and professional development
• Teacher training
• Cross-cultural studies
• Child, second, and foreign language acquisition
• Bilingual and multilingual education
• Translation
• Teaching of specific skills
• Language teaching for specific purposes
• New technologies in language teaching
• Testing and evaluation
• Language representation
• Language planning
• Literature, language, and linguistics
• Applied linguistics
• Phonetics, phonology, and morphology
• Syntax and semantics
• Sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics
• Discourse analysis
• Stylistics
• Language and culture, cognition, and pragmatics
• Language teaching and psychology, anthropology, sociology
• Theories and practice in related fields
Special Issue Guidelines
Special issues feature specifically aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call for Papers or by
invitation, edited by guest editor(s). We encourage you to submit proposals for creating special issues in areas that are of interest to the Journal.
Preference will be given to proposals that cover some unique aspect of the technology and ones that include subjects that are timely and useful to the
readers of the Journal. A Special Issue is typically made of 15 to 30 papers, with each paper 8 to 12 pages of length.
A special issue can also be proposed for selected top papers of a conference/workshop. In this case, the special issue is usually released in
association with the committee members of the conference/workshop like general chairs and/or program chairs who are appointed as the Guest
Editors of the Special Issue.
The following information should be included as part of the proposal:
• Proposed title for the Special Issue
• Description of the topic area to be focused upon and justification
• Review process for the selection and rejection of papers
• Name, contact, position, affiliation, and biography of the Guest Editor(s)
• List of potential reviewers if available
• Potential authors to the issue if available
• Estimated number of papers to accept to the special issue
• Tentative time-table for the call for papers and reviews, including
o Submission of extended version
o Notification of acceptance
o Final submission due
o Time to deliver final package to the publisher
If the proposal is for selected papers of a conference/workshop, the following information should be included as part of the proposal as well:
• The name of the conference/workshop, and the URL of the event.
• A brief description of the technical issues that the conference/workshop addresses, highlighting the relevance for the journal.
• A brief description of the event, including: number of submitted and accepted papers, and number of attendees. If these numbers are not
yet available, please refer to previous events. First time conference/workshops, please report the estimated figures.
• Publisher and indexing of the conference proceedings.
If a proposal is accepted, the guest editor will be responsible for:
• Preparing the “Call for Papers” to be included on the Journal’s Web site.
• Distribution of the Call for Papers broadly to various mailing lists and sites.
• Getting submissions, arranging review process, making decisions, and carrying out all correspondence with the authors. Authors should
be informed the Author Guide.
• Providing us the completed and approved final versions of the papers formatted in the Journal’s style, together with all authors’ contact
information.
• Writing a one- or two-page introductory editorial to be published in the Special Issue.
... The rapid development in scientific and technical fields has led to the growing demand for the technical translation since most products are published in English as a universal lingua franca. In this light, a technical translation could be viewed as one of the essential branches in the field of translation since what we have seen today is that approximately 90% of the translations on the global market are technical ones (Kingscott, 2002). However, dealing with such specialized texts is not easy because several issues and factors affect these texts, such as style and terminology (Al-Abbas & Haider, 2021). ...
The demand for scientific and technical translation has increased because of the rapid scientific and technological development in developed countries and the need to spread these sciences and technologies in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the main problems encountered by translators in translating scientific texts from English into Arabic and reveal the main reasons behind these problems. In this study, a qualitative research design is applied, and the sample of this study consists of one scientific text with (938 words) translated by twenty BA students. The study reveals that translators faced lexical and syntactic problems while translating scientific text, such as word diction, preciseness, terminological consistency, word order (markedness), agreement, tense and aspect, and passive structure. Moreover, the study shows that a lack of translators' experience in this domain, students' total dependence on a literal translation, and the lack of awareness of the sensitivity of scientific texts are some of the most important reasons for these problems.
... Technical translation, in particular, is a core discipline which plays an important part in preparing students for a very demanding and challenging translation market. Its importance was highlighted by Kingscott (2002), who claimed that "90% of the translations on the global market are technical translations" (Kingscott 2002: 247). The need for research in this field was justified by Byrne (2006), whose claim that "technical translation has been neglected in the literature of translation theory" (Byrne 2006: 1) is a rational impetus for translation researchers and scholars who aim to contribute with their findings to the development of the discipline and of the market, as well. ...
In the recent past, 30 or 40 years ago, the terms technical and scientific were used interchangeably when discussing about communication, texts, terms, vocabulary or writing. Due mainly to this reason, the lines separating technical and scientific translation became increasingly blurred and little or no distinction was made between the two terms; as such, technical and scientific translation was regarded as one type of LSP translation. Using genre knowledge, in this article we show that technical translation and scientific translation can and should be treated separately, as two distinct types of LSP translation, for both educational and research purposes. We present two genre-based models for setting-up the technical and scientific curricula, aimed at familiarising students with these interrelated , yet different types of LSP translation, and which can also be used as starting points for research in these two fields.
... This type of text usually contains standard and normalized expressions or technical terms (Wang 2018). Technical translation accounts for large amount of the world's total translation output (Kingscott 2002). In view of this, we chose technical texts as the translation materials. ...
... This type of text usually contains standard and normalized expressions or technical terms (Wang 2018). Technical translation accounts for large amount of the world's total translation output (Kingscott 2002). In view of this, we chose technical texts as the translation materials. ...
Usability is a key factor for increasing adoption of machine translation. This study aims to measure the usability of machine translation in the classroom context by comparing translation students’ machine translation post-editing output with their manual translation in two comparable translation tasks. Three dimensions of usability were empirically measured: efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction . The findings suggest that machine translation post-editing is more efficient than human translation and post-editing produces fewer errors than human translation. While the types of errors vary, errors in terms of accuracy outnumber those related to fluency. In addition, participants perceive the amount of time and work that is saved when post-editing to be greater benefit than the overall utility of post-editing. Likewise, students report a strong desire to learn post-editing skills in training programs.
... O livro Scientific and Technical Translation, de Maeve Olohan, lançado no ano passado pela Routledge, faz parte da coleção Routledge Translation Guides, que conta apenas com mais um título até o momento, Literary Translation (WRIGHT, 2016). A obra vem somar-se aos raros livros que se dedicam especificamente à tradução técnica, tais como Pinchuck (1977), Azenha Júnior (1999), Kingscott (2002), Byrne (2006, 2012) e Rogers (2015, ou que combinam Tradução Técnica, Terminologia e Linguística de Corpus, como Pearson (1998) e Bowker & Pearson (2002), por exemplo. Maeve Olohan, Senior Lecturer da Universidade de Manchester, no Reino Unido, tem publicado extensivamente sobre o tema desde 1993, e é de sua autoria um dos primeiros livros a tratar a fundo do uso de corpora nos estudos da tradução: Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies, lançado em 2004, também pela Routledge. ...
A tradução especializada parece estar, aos poucos, deixando de ser o patinho feio dos Estudos da Tradução, ainda que esteja longe de exibir a plumagem resplandecente dos cisnes, pelo menos no que toca à representatividade junto à produção acadêmica da área. O livro Scientific and Technical Translation, de Maeve Olohan, lançado no ano passado pela Routledge, faz parte da coleção Routledge Translation Guides, que conta apenas com mais um título até o momento, Literary Translation (WRIGHT, 2016). A obra vem somar-se aos raros livros que se dedicam especificamente à tradução técnica, tais como Pinchuck (1977), Azenha Júnior (1999), Kingscott (2002), Byrne (2006, 2012) e Rogers (2015), ou que combinam Tradução Técnica, Terminologia e Linguística de Corpus, como Pearson (1998) e Bowker & Pearson (2002), por exemplo.
... As Lambert (2007Lambert ( , 1689 points out, "globalization has become and actually is one of the external conditions for the strongest areas of the translation business". In fact, the new needs for multilingual communication are reinforced and influenced by the proliferation of information and communications technology (Kingscott 2002;Lambert 2007;Olohan 2009). Moreover, virtually any product or service entails a translation order which in most cases will be scientific or technical (Byrne 2012, 5). ...
... This has been the case in Europe in practical work. Geoffrey Kingscott (2002) mentions that when a British translator must render the German instruction, for instance, for a lawnmower, he will disregard the general introduction which is part and parcel of an instruction in German, and go straight to the instruction itself. Similarly, most international companies today either use 'localisation' in their translation work, or have staff from their foreign markets produce public relations material, ads and the like, so as best to reach potential customers. ...
Arne Zettersten, to whom this publication is devoted, has been one of the pioneers in the study of varieties of English in the world thus adding a global dimension to English Studies. Today's global view of English cannot avoid to take into account the central role of English in translation work and, at the same time, to note that the shift in focus from the Western world to the global stage also changes the emphasis in Translation Studies.
... This has been the case in Europe in practical work. Geoffrey Kingscott (2002) mentions that when a British translator must render the German instruction, for instance, for a lawnmower, he will disregard the general introduction which is part and parcel of an instruction in German, and go straight to the instruction itself. Similarly, most international companies today either use 'localisation' in their translation work, or have staff from their foreign markets produce public relations material, ads and the like, so as best to reach potential customers. ...
... Se constata así un enorme desfase entre la investigación y la realidad profesional. En efecto, como menciona Rogers (2015: 20), varios autores, como Wilss (1999), Kingscott (2002) y Franco Aixelá (2004 han estimado el peso de la traducción especializada a unos 80-90% del total de las traducciones hechas en el mundo. ...
Este artículo propone una aproximación a la traducción especializada desde fuera del campo mismo, concretamente desde la historia de la traducción y la edición científica, campos de trabajo de los autores. Cuatro aspectos principales se abordan: el lugar de la traducción especializada en los fundamentos de la Traductología, en la formación profesional, en la historia de la traducción y finalmente en las revistas de Traductología. Se revisa primero el concepto de traducción especializada con relación a los otros tipos de traducción. Luego, se sitúa la traducción especializada en el marco de la formación profesional de los traductores, así como en el de la investigación, con un estudio de caso. El tercer aspecto se refiere al tema de la traducción especializada en la historia de la traducción. Finalmente, se aborda la presencia de la traducción especializada en las revistas del campo y, en particular, en la revista Meta.
... 9). Uma das conclusões interessantes deste estudo é o de que a tradução de textos especializados (técnico-científicos, de marketing, jurídicos, sobre telecomunicações, biomedicina, etc.) corresponde à esmagadora maioria do volume de tradução na Espanha, resultados estes que estão em total consonância com estudos anteriores desenvolvidos em outros países, tais como os de Wilss (1999), Kingscott (2002) e Aixelá (2004). ...
Nos dias de hoje em que as traduções estão praticamente em todo o lugar (televisão, produtos de consumo, software, livros universitários, etc.), é importante conhecermos os responsáveis por esse tipo de produção intelectual. A pesquisa que aqui apresentamos procurou entender quem são, no Brasil, os responsáveis pela tradução de textos de não-ficção (também chamados de ‘textos especializados’ ou ‘textos técnicos’). A tradução desse tipo de textos tem sido pouco explorada pelos teóricos da tradução, apesar de ela representar atualmente a maioria do volume de trabalho dos tradutores. Depois de selecionarmos um corpus de cerca de 300 traduções do inglês para o português tratando de assuntos diversos (matemática, psicologia, história, direito, física, etc.), buscamos em cada uma os seguintes elementos de informação: nomes e formação dos tradutores; marcas dos tradutores, tais como prefácios assinados por eles e notas de tradução. Verificou-se que quase todos os livros indicam o nome do tradutor, mas são poucos aqueles que incluem os outros tipos de informação. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que o tradutor de textos especializados é, de uma maneira geral, uma figura ainda bastante invisível, mas essa invisibilidade tem diminuído consideravelmente nos últimos sessenta anos.Palavras chave: tradução especializada, livros traduzidos publicados, (in)visibilidade do tradutor.
... The above knowledge and skills in engineering professions should be integrated into training of technical translators. G. Kingscott (2002) argues that in the last ten or twenty years the impact of software localisation has changed the world translation business, and we have seen emerging for the first time the first multinational translation companies: «There are now six of these companies: Berlitz, Bowne, Lionbridge, RWS-Polyglot, SDL and Star, all with a turnover well in excess of 50 million US dollars a year. These companies are taking more and more of the market, certainly for big projects, and all without exception grew to their present size from the boom in software localisation. ...
The article describes an original approach to training of technical translators. The authors present a model describing formation of translation competences in students/graduates of nonlinguistic higher schools which has been tested throughout 15 years in the Engineering Academy of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Key competences of technical translators were defined, examined and systematized. In particular, these include intercultural, communicative, special, social and personal competence. The authors propose a phased approach to the formation of translation competences during fulfillment of relevant tasks by translators. This gave the possibility to point out four main training stages – professional orientation, analysis, synthesis and correction. Each tasks referring to the above stages formed the basis of the original training modules which include the following components: tasks, ways of its solution, relevant competences and external assets, certain exercises developed to check formedness of relevant knowledge and skills in the field of technical translation. The developed model has an important feature which implies integration of knowledge and skills referring to a particular industry in students/graduates of higher educational institutions. © 2017, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved.
... On the one hand, most of the texts to be translated in general tend to be of pragmatic and informative nature, for which "the purpose or function of the Target Texts is of overriding importance" (Sun, 2005) and in this regard, content matters significantly more than form. It is estimated that in general, about 90% of what circulates in the language industry involves specialized communication (Esqueda & de Jesus, 2015;Kingscott, 2002), and the number is also reflected in the Chinese context: some 96% of the translation activities conducted in China every year are on pragmatic texts (Chan, 2014, p. 330). In technical communication today, the ST is no longer as authoritative as it used to be, and the aim of the translator, therefore, is not so much to "foreground the ST author's views" in ways advocated by old translation theories (especially the ones before functional theories), but to translate the document "on time" and "accurately", conforming to the norms of the technical domains in which he/she is translating while "benefiting from so-called artificial equivalence" (Odacıoglu & Kokturk, 2015, p. 1091. ...
Despite all the criticisms on the “poor” quality of Machine Translation (MT), the use of MT for information circulation is not to be ignored. Meanwhile, recent MT systems have been equipped with increasing customizability, allowing users to tailor the software to specific texts for better output. This thesis intends to investigate the output of MT for specialized language and its lexical customization: a case study of using SYSTRAN to translate abstracts of domain-specific academic articles. The translation of abstracts is not only suitable for MT, but largely meaningful given the massive demand for information-oriented translation.
Starting from a general discussion of the theoretical perspectives regarding MT usage, translation, and specialized language, the thesis points out a conceptual gap in MT evaluation and takes the functionalist perspective with information assimilation as the primary purpose. The case study then uses the 2014 volume of Applied Optics for an in-depth analysis of the MT system’s raw output and lexical customization. The totally 1,328 abstracts are first systematically sampled for a preliminary discussion of the Source Text (ST) features concerning lexical ambiguity, together with SYSTRAN’s disambiguation results. This is followed by further lexical error analysis, providing the basis for glossary modification in SYSTRAN. The comparison between the initial translation and the customized translation shows significant improvement beyond the lexical issues, and indicates the effectiveness of the customization conducted.
Further discussions beyond the sample show that the modified glossary entries are representative of the entire journal, as well as other similar journals. This is conducted via corpus-based investigations of Applied Optics and two other journals of the same kind –– Optics Express and Optics Letters.
SYSTRAN’s automatic process of lexical customization is also discussed, where the results show considerable inaccuracy but can shed light on what words to add into the User Dictionary before translating an ST.
These investigations not only argue for a proper perspective of MT use, but also provide an implication for the practical methods for lexical customization.
... By an illustrated tec hnic al text, the article hence refers to an informative, instructive text that explains how something works by both verbal and visual means. Illustrated technical texts could well be the most common type of illustrated texts being translated today; technical texts constitute a significant share of all translated material (Kingscott, 2002, p. 247, Byrne, 2012) and, as remarked by Byrne (2012, p. 26, 54) and Tercedor et al. (2009, p. 143), different types of images are an integral feature of technical documents. Yet, research into the translation of illustrated technical texts so far has been rather scarce, focusing mainly on providing criteria for choosing appropriate images in technical and scientific texts (Tercedor-Sánchez and Abadía-Molina, 2005) and technicallyoriented terminological databases . ...
Direct link: https://connexionsj.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/ketola.pdf
Abstract: This study set out to characterize the qualitatively different ways in which a group of master’s level translation students conceptualized the interaction of verbal and visual information during the translation of an illustrated technical text. The research approach chosen for this purpose was phenomenography, which aims to identify the differences in the ways people conceptualize various phenomena. The data of the study consisted of translation diaries written by the students. The study identified two qualitatively distinct main categories of conceptualizing the interaction of verbal and visual information: either conceptualizing the combination of modes as an entity to be perceived as a whole, or conceptualizing the modes as competing sources of information. It was concluded that the students conceptualized the images as an important part of the source text, capable of amplifying, specifying and even annulling verbal information.
Abstract
Translating scientific terminology presents challenges
related to word choice, precision, consistency, word order,
agreement, tense, aspect, and passive voice. Keeping up
with evolving medical or technical terminology, especially in
Azerbaijani, can be difficult due to the variety of translation
options available. This paper discusses how translators of
scientific texts avoid from using a large amount of emotional
language and how to avoid going against the basic principle
of scientific and technical language, which is precision
and clarity in presentation. The primary characteristic
of scientific translation is the maximal saturation of the
distinctive terminology exclusive to a particular field of study.
Results indicate that translating scientific texts presents
unique challenges due to the technical terminology and
complex concepts involved. It requires not only linguistic
expertise but also a deep understanding of the subject
matter to accurately convey the intended meaning.
Translators must navigate through specialized jargons,
ensuring that the terminology is precise and consistent
across languages. Additionally, they must preserve the
scientific accuracy and integrity of the original text while
adapting it to the target audience’s linguistic and cultural
context. Despite these challenges, skilled translators play
a crucial role in facilitating the global exchange of scientific
knowledge and fostering collaboration among researchers
worldwide.
Keywords: Scientific texts, terminology, translation,
challenges, specialized terminology, context preservation,
cultural sensitivity, regulatory compliance.
In the intricate mosaic of global interactions, translators
stand as pivotal figures, bridging linguistic and cultural
divides with deftness and sensitivity. Their role extends
far beyond the mere conversion of text from one language
to another; they act as cultural mediators, facilitating
understanding and cooperation across diverse global
landscapes. This essential function underscores the
necessity of cultural mediation in today’s interconnected
world, where effective communication is key to diplomacy,
international business, and community integration. Through
their work, translators contribute to the construction of a
more inclusive and comprehensible global society. This
abstract draws upon the foundational insights of esteemed
scholars such as Bedeker & Feinauer, Limon, Al-Omar,
Salmeri, and Ma’shumah et al., whose research illuminates
the multifaceted contributions of translators in the realm of
cultural mediation. Their studies highlight the complex skills
required for this critical task, emphasizing the importance
of cultural competence, ethical integrity, and empathetic
engagement in the practice of translation.
bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Research problem:
In our increasingly globalized world, the fields of technical and professional communication (TPC) and translation studies (TS) share many points of contact, especially among practitioners. However, within academia, the fields remain largely siloed. To help bridge the gaps between TPC and TS, to advance interdisciplinary research in the two fields, and understand how technical communication and translation can be discursively integrated, this article offers an integrative literature review of research in TPC and TS that focuses on intersections between the two fields.
Research questions:
1. What are the research questions, purposes, and objectives in the research under study? 2. Who is represented in the literature, and what languages do they speak?
Methodology:
To understand how the fields are converging, we conducted a staged integrative literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters in TPC and TS. Next, we performed a thematic analysis to investigate patterns across the collected literature.
Results and conclusions:
Our analysis suggests five themes that help connect research and practice in TPC and TS, including pedagogical approaches for training students for careers in international technical communication and translation; collaborations among practitioners in both fields; questions of social justice, language diversity, and language access; available resources and tools; and the role of culture in translation. We conclude by advocating for a stronger integration of the two fields and by suggesting how to build on the foundations of research work conducted in the five identified themes.
Background and key aims:
As a result of economic, social, and technological changes, companies wishing to compete in the global economy see both technical communication and translation as integral to continued relevance. The purpose of our research is to identify the evolutionary convergence of technical communication and translation through an analysis of published academic studies.
Method:
We conducted an integrative literature review for the period extending from 2000 to 2022. We selected publications from online bibliographic databases and then followed a staged review process aimed at identifying relevant studies. We carried out an overall thematic analysis, complemented by an analysis of subgroups of sources. We also looked at the “initial drivers” behind studies. Then, we explored possibilities for using network visualizations to account for the interaction between papers and the associated relevance both disciplinarily and globally.
Results and discussion:
The themes of field convergence and localization are represented consistently throughout the two-decade period. The need for virtual team collaboration accelerated during the second decade, largely because of online collaborative projects between students of technical communication and students of translation. Surprisingly, technology was the focus of only a minority of papers. Exploratory use of visualization tools showed that there still is a lack of overlap in terms of scholarly attention across the US and Europe.
Conclusions:
Our study shows thematic convergence in scholarship in the two disciplines. Future similar studies might gain from using network visualizations to better illustrate the interaction between studies.
This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of machine translation (MT) versus human translation (HT), focusing on their accuracy, cultural sensitivity, speed, and
cost-effectiveness. It aims to delineate the roles each method plays within the translation industry and explores how they could potentially complement each other. While neural machine translation (NMT) advancements have significantly improved MT’s linguistic accuracy, human translation retains unparalleled value in certain translation facets. This study illuminates their respective strengths and
discusses the feasibility of integrating both approaches in professional translation services.
: La scelta delle attività, tecniche o strategie nella traduzione di testi specializzati appartenenti alle aree professionali delle quali, di regola, gli studenti hanno conoscenze molto ridotte, presenta una costante sfida sia per gli studenti che per l’insegnante stesso. In questo articolo analizzeremo le traduzioni studentesche di un testo scientificoeducativo relativo alla tutela ambientale. Il gruppo target è costituito dagli studenti serbofoni laureati in italiano LS presso il Dipartimento d’Italianistica della Facoltà di Filologia dell’Università di Belgrado, che nell’ambito degli studi master hanno seguito il corso Italiano settoriale la cui didattica si basa principalmente sulle attività di traduzione specializzata dall’italiano al serbo. La ricerca si propone di conseguire tre obiettivi strettamente correlati tra loro: 1) esaminare se nei testi tradotti siano stati efficacemente adoperati i principali universali traduttivi (semplificazione, esplicitazione, normalizzazione), precedentemente spiegati e presentati come possibili strategie di traduzione; 2) determinare quali metodi specifici di ciascuno degli universali siano i più frequenti nelle traduzioni (diversa organizzazione del testo, uso di un vocabolario più neutro, uso di iperonimi o sinonimi dal registro colloquiale ecc.); 3) individuare vantaggi e svantaggi della strategia applicata nel corso della traduzione. I dati ottenuti sono stati esaminati con i metodi di analisi quantitativa, qualitativa e contrastiva. I risultati, da una parte, dimostrano una solida risposta degli studenti nell’impiegare gli universali traduttivi come strategie di traduzione specializzata; d’altro canto, i dati ottenuti rappresentano un prezioso indicatore per l’insegnante su quali segmenti sia indispensabile lavorare per raggiungere una competenza traduttiva soddisfacente dal punto di vista delle esigenze del mercato del lavoro.
In the growing market of the translation industry, where 90% of the global output consists of specialised translation, the acquisition of familiarity with different specialised genres is critical for translation trainees to confidently prepare for their future professional challenges. Not only do professionals report dealing with a high diversity of texts and domains but low familiarity may result in poor translation performances and low self-efficacy. Due to the general orientation of Specialised Translation master’s programmes in Italy, it is often difficult to deliver genre-specific training, which translates to scattered tasks and avoidance of highly specialised genres and texts. This contribution describes training administered to final-year learners of a master’s degree in Specialised Translation, and it was designed to delve into four specialised genres by analysing and translating authentic professional materials. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires employing an adaptation of Chen, Gully, and Eden’s general self-efficacy scale (2001) were administered to explore learners’ perceived difficulties and to investigate whether the training could enhance learners’ self-efficacy about translation tasks.
The translation of various types of texts is not a challenge anymore nowadays since the market offers several types of machine translation. But how reliable is it compared to human translation? In the present article we focus on a business article issued by a Romanian financial newspaper and we translate it into English with the help of Google translate, SDL Free Translator and Microsoft Bing. Then we analyze the differences provided by these three tools and observe the advantages and drawbacks of machine translation compared to human translation.
The volume of technical, scientific, and academic texts translated between Chinese and English is considerable, and this volume will likely continue to increase. This paper examines Chinese and English medical research articles in both languages and provides an empirically-based examination of select syntactic and discourse-based features. Specifically, this paper focuses on characteristic features of the genre of pharmaceutical research articles in both Chinese and English: verb forms, voice and authorial positionality. Examination of the statistical frequency of the following is undertaken: verb forms (via either finite tense or 'overt' tense marking); grammatical voice (active vs passive); and authorial positionality (use of personal pronouns, full-form nouns, or impersonal constructions). By examining the statistical frequency of each of these in a sample of eight research articles across both languages, this paper offers a practice-based guide to the translation of medical research papers via findings from contrastive linguistics and discourse analysis. These findings may inform specialists as well as trainee translators working in either language direction.
The present study aims to investigate the extent of acceptability of Arabicized civil engineering terms in Civil Engineering departments at both Yarmouk University (YU) and Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) along with some of project field engineers. The study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of these terms and whether they are actually used or not. The study examines the attitudes of the participants towards the Arabicized civil engineering terms and tackle the problems behind using them. To do so, the researchers adopted a mixed method; a qualitative method implemented in interviews and a quantitative method implemented in a questionnaire. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 244 individuals in the field of civil engineering. The results showed that the extent of acceptability for the Arabicized terms were very low even for the terms which sounded familiar to the subjects of the study. Moreover, the study reveals that Arabicizing civil engineering terms need institutional rather than individual standardization to have unified Arabicized terms and a binding political decision to enforce the use of these terms. Also, the study shows that borrowing proves to be the most suitable strategy to overcome the lack of equivalence.
This study investigates the most common challenges confronted by the graduates in Translation Studies in translating military terms from English to Sinhala. To achieve this objective, the researcher selected a sample of (10) graduates in Translation Studies from Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka and were administrated an English to Sinhala translation test, containing (20) sentences. The results of this study demonstrate that the most common challenges faced by passed-out graduates are terminological knowledge due to the fewer experiences and subject knowledge in the military sector. It indicates the need for more attention on military translation in academic institutes in Sri Lanka. Based on those identified challenges, several recommendations are suggested including the need for military translation as a course unit in the field of Translation Studies in Sri Lanka to produce graduated translators with sufficient terminological and subject knowledge regarding the military.
The present study investigated the EFL translation students' attitude toward the difficulties and challenges of translations. The participants of the study were translation students of both genders were selected from Iran universities based on the convenience sampling. A questionnaire was the instrument being employed in this study. The questionnaires were distributed to them and the participants had to fill them carefully without any time limitation. The results of this study indicated that the majority of the respondents agreed that the translation challenges in texts are not only inadequate lexical knowledge, but involved in grammatical problems. That is to say, the most problematic area has been highlighted as little cultural backgrounds.
This introductory chapter defines the object of specialised translation, i.e. Languages for Special Purposes or ‘LSPs’, focusing both on the formal differences of LSPs resulting from the different specialised domains, and on the pragmatic variation of LSPs’ features in response to different situations of language use, either academic or professional or technical. After an overview of the general pragmatic criteria of use of LSPs and the general formal features which are distinctive of LSPs vs everyday language, the distinctive linguistic features of LSPs are analysed from the higher levels of text and discourse to the lower ones of syntax and terminology. It then discusses the dominance of English and Anglo-American models in the communication of scientific and technological knowledge and the importance of specialised translation in today’s language industry. Finally, it provides a first stab at identifying the scope of specialised translation by defining it contrastively vis-à-vis literary translation.
ثمة افتراض شائع مفاده أن النصوص التقنية يتعين أن يترجمها المترجمون "المختصون" عبر استخدام مصادر "خاصة". غير أن هذا الافتراض ينطوي على تصوّر خاطئ بشأن مفهوم الاختصاص في مجال الترجمة التقنية من اللغة العربية وإليها. ويروم هذا المقال البرهنة على أن الترجمة التقنية لا تتطلب فقط معرفة مختصة وإنما تتطلب أيضاً مهارات ترجمية مقبولة، بالإضافة إلى مصادر كافية للمصطلحات ومهارة بلاغية عالية المستوى، قصد تمكين المستخدم النهائي من الحصول على النصوص المترجمة وفهمها واستعمالها بسهولة، من أجل الوفاء بمتطلبات التواصل في المجال التقني، كما يراه بايرن (2006). وتتمثل أطروحة هذا المقال في أن هذا التصور الخاطئ ينجم عن النقل المنقوص للمعارف الذي يميز مجال الترجمة التطبيقية، ما يستدعي وضع أنموذج لنقل المعارف التقنية في دراسات الترجمة التطبيقية من شأنه إيجاد السبل لمنح الممارسين فرصاً لطرح تساؤلات بشأن الانشغالات التي يصادفونها في ممارساتهم اليومية، وإشراكهم في عملية إنتاج المعارف في هذا المجال (العلوي 2015، 2018). سنتطرق في القسم الأول من هذا المقال لمحتوى الترجمة التقنية. وسنتناول في القسم الثاني متطلبات الترجمة التقنية الأساسية التي يتعين على الباحثين والمدربين والمتدخلين الآخرين أن يكونوا على علم بها. وسنحاول في القسم الثالث إبراز بعض التصورات الخاطئة بشأن المترجمين التقنيين "المختصين" ومصادرهم المعتمدة. وسنخصص القسم الرابع لمسألة نقل المعارف وأهميتها في ممارسة ترجمة النصوص التقنية. وندعو الباحثين إلى أن يعيروا اهتماماً أكبر لتحديد عملية واضحة المعالم لنقل المعارف من شأنها أن تسهم في تصحيح التصورات الخاطئة بخصوص ترجمة النصوص التقنية والحد من استحكامها من وجهة نظر الممارسين والمدربين باعتبارهم القيّمين على تطبيق المعارف في مجال الترجمة التقنية في العالم العربي.
كلمات مفتاحية: نقل المعرفة، تصورات خاطئة، النصوص المتخصصة، نظرية الترجمة، ممارسة الترجمة.
Corpus-based approaches to the study of language and the compilation of a corpus are increasing at an unprecedented rate in recent years. The majority of the corpus was compiled from newspaper articles or by combining literatures with non-literatures. Corpus in specialized fields is mostly related to legal language, with very few monolingual or parallel corpora in the technical field, not to mention diachronic corpus. The building of a corpus and corpus-based studies facilitates terminologists, translators, researchers, and teachers in specialized English a basis in their analysis and interpretation of specialized terminologies. Diachronic corpus helps us understand the development of language and explores the changes and uses of specialized language in a specific field, in order to provide terminologists and translators a reference when defining specific terms. This study compiles a diachronic corpus of Chinese patent claims and abstracts to explore the linguistic features of the Chinese patent terminologies, the development, and variations of patent terminologies. With the diachronic corpus of Chinese patent claims, the development of patent terminologies can be analyzed. The patent is a strong indicator of the economic power of a country. The authentic material collected in the patent corpus provides representative research data, which, in turn, increases our understanding of the use of terminologies of patents.
The nature of translation projects and tasks in the language industry has undergone significant changes due to a widespread adoption of the subcontracting model and recent technological trends. Managing increasing terminological complexity, higher task specialisation, and higher levels of technical expertise have become essential elements of a translator’s professional profile. Nonetheless, the requirement of such a sophisticated professional profile has challenged novice translators in their incipient careers because of limited knowledge and training opportunities. Since many changes have occurred to the profession over a relatively short span of time, this article studies sources of translator satisfaction and dissatisfaction that may affect their perception of work as well as the language industry at large. This study reports results from an ongoing investigation into the ‘expertise effect’ measured through translator satisfaction in relation to two main categories: (a) professional satisfaction and (b) task satisfaction. A student’s t-test is used to compare perceptions of novice and expert translators (N=250), and the results suggest a gap in critical sources of satisfaction between the two populations. The findings could be applied to determine possible means of mitigating career turnover among translators and used by translator trainers to comprehend the needs of novice professionals.
Z E T G ünümüzde bilgi, sermaye, mal ve hizmetler ve işgücünün uluslararası serbest dolaşımının art-masıyla, daha fazla uluslararası sözleşme yapılmakta ve bunun sonucunda daha fazla çeviri uygulamaları görülmektedir. Deniz ticaretinin artmasıyla, bugünkü anlamıyla dünyadaki ilk sigorta uygulamaları 14.yüzyılda başlamışken, ülkemizde 1860'lı yıllarda faaliyete geçmiştir. Yerli sigorta şir-ketlerinin o dönemlerde bulunmayışı sebebiyle sigortacılık işlemlerinde önceleri daha çok tek yönlü yabancı dil kullanılıyordu. Zaman içerisinde Türk sigorta şirketlerinin kurulması ve sigortacılık işlem-lerinde Türkçe kullanılmasının zorunlu hale gelmesiyle birlikte çeviri faaliyetleri artmıştır. Çeşitli alan-lara özgü uzmanlık terminolojisi ve bilgisi gerektiren sigortacılık metinlerinden özel sigorta poliçeleri, bu araştırmanın nesnesi olarak seçilerek, Justa Holz-Mänttäri'nin 'Çeviriye İlişkin Eylem Kuramı' ve Hans Vermeer'in 'Skopos Kuramı' çerçevesinde sigorta poliçelerinin çeviri sürecinde yer alan aktörler betimlenmektedir. Bu tanımlamalarla hem özel alan çevirileri içerisinde yer alan sigorta poliçe çeviri-lerinin içerik açısından işlevi ile ilgili hem de sınırlı sayıda yapılan edebiyat dışındaki metin çeviri çalış-maları için kuramsal tabanda ihtiyaç duyulan yeni veri girişinin sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu tür çalışmaların çoğalması, çeviri uygulamalarının sigortacılık sektöründeki koordinasyonuna katkı sağ-larken, sigortacılık metin çevirilerinde kaliteyi ve dolayısıyla sigorta sektörüne de güveni arttıracaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sigorta poliçe çevirisi, özel alan çevirisi, çeviri sürecinde yer alan aktörler A B S T R A C T F ollowing the increase in the free movement of knowledge, capital, goods and services, and workforce , more international trade agreements are made; hence, more translation practices are performed. Along with the progressive expansion of the maritime commerce, the first insurance practices were observed around the world in the 14 th century; whereas, the Turkish insurance sector became operational in the 1860s. In the beginning the insurance transactions were conducted unilaterally
This paper is an attempt to reveal and analyse potential challenges a translator can face when translating technical texts connected with the timber industry. In modern linguistics there are several approaches to the definition of technical translation based on characteristic features of translated texts. As there is some difference between technical and scientific types of translation there are various requirements put to these types of translation. However, the terminology is an integral part of both types of texts and sometimes it can be difficult to translate it. Though there is no one generally accepted definition of the notion "term" linguists mention its unambiguous nature, lack of synonyms, precise meaning. The analysis of timber industry texts showed that these qualities of the terms can be lost when it involves translation. It is conditioned by different meanings of the term in different spheres of knowledge, its belonging both to terminology and spoken language, different scopes of the concept in different languages, influence of linguistic and situational contexts, lack of equivalents and usage of the shortened forms.
The purpose of this article is to review various approaches to translation of cognitive information in English technical text into Russian. The focus of this study is to specify the equivalent translation strategies used to convey English technical terms and abbreviations being the source of cognitive information. The analysis of the empirical material, i.e., the original and translation of the English photographic equipment manual, revealed that, possible equivalents, equivalent counterparts and such translational transformations as omission of redundant elements, lexeme addition, generalization, semantic modulation and complete transformation are predominant choices. We have described the following two basic strategies for translating abbreviations. The first one is applied to common, frequently used technical terms and actualizes the reference to the dictionary equivalents; the second strategy is applied to terms specific for the analyzed photo printer manual and results in the use of the source text words.
Cet article postule que si le mode d’emploi peut être considéré comme genre spécialisé en raison de ses conventions textuelles et linguistiques, la notion corollaire de communauté discursive reste posée. Après un bref survol du genre procédural et du mode d’emploi en tant que sous-genre, nous examinons ses caractéristiques textuelles et linguistiques, notamment la concision syntaxique imposée par les exigences de brièveté. Nous nous intéressons aussi au mode d’emploi en tant qu’éventuel langage contrôlé. Nous étudions ensuite le mode d’emploi eu égard au concept de communauté discursive telle que définie par Swales, les caractéristiques du destinateur (le rédacteur technique) et du destinataire (le client final à l’échelle mondiale) pour conclure que le profil ultra-diversifié et fluctuant du destinateur en termes de compétence en anglais ne permet pas de l’envisager comme appartenant à une communauté discursive homogène. En conclusion, nous évoquons quelques évolutions du genre vers le remplacement de l’écrit par l’image et la dématérialisation du genre, des transformations qui ne feront que fragmenter davantage le peu de cohésion identitaire qui existe aujourd’hui au niveau des destinataires.
This chapter, using three MTI courses as case studies, focuses on investigating how this professionally oriented translation programme is presented within Chinese traditions in teaching and learning from the perspective of course aims and module content. The specific aim of the Chinese MTI Programme is to produce graduates who are equipped to become high calibre professional translators to serve the nation’s economic, social and cultural development. This aim could be achieved through ‘training’ by providing students with a number of transferrable employability-related course components. In this vein this chapter also analyses how the selected case studies embed the ethos of ‘profession’ in their own curricula.
O presente artigo apresenta uma reflexão inicial sobre o papel da expertise por interação como componente necessário da competência do tradutor de textos técnicos e científicos. Mais especificamente, com base no modelo de expertise, preconizado por Collins e Evans (2007, 2010), e na noção de escrita mediante transformação do conhecimento, trazida por Scardamalia e Bereiter (1991), propõe-se que a interação entre tradutor e especialista em atividades de prática deliberada (ERICSSON; CHARNESS, 1997) fomenta processos tradutórios que levam à produção de textos de chegada adequados às expectativas das comunidades discursivas a que se destinam. Exemplos são apresentados para mostrar a pertinência da proposta e evidenciar que a expertise por interação é necessária para o sucesso da prática tradutória e para a elaboração de tarefas de prática deliberada voltadas à formação e à especialização de tradutores.
Recent decades have witnessed the development of translator- and interpreter-training programmes at various levels worldwide. Researchers have paid increasing attention to translator and interpreter training but there is a dearth of meta-analyses of research in this field. There has been no systematic and comprehensive review since 2000. The aim of the current article, therefore, is to map the research in this field by constructing a database of publications on translator and interpreter training, covering major translation and interpreting journal articles during the period 2000–2012. The analysis of the database was conducted using a combination of scientometric methods, thematic analysis and corpus analysis tools. Both top-down and bottom-up thematic analyses were performed and a multilayer categorisation scheme applied. This article presents this analysis and also addresses the social-geographical distribution of the data entries, including those providing information on (co-)authorship, institution and country. A general picture of studies on interpreter and translator training since 2000 is shown. The database is intended to serve as a resource for translation and interpreting (T&I) researchers, providing them with the most up-to-date information on developments in T&I, problems with current T&I programmes and possible directions for future research.
This collected volume brings together the contributions of several humanities scholars who focus on the evolution of language in the digital era. The first part of the volume explores general aspects of humanities and linguistics in the digital environment. The second part focuses on language and translation and includes topics that discuss the digital translation policy, new technologies and specialised translation, online resources for terminology management, translation of online advertising, or subtitling. The last part of the book focuses on language teaching and learning and addresses the changes, challenges and perspectives of didactics in the age of technology. Each contribution is divided into several sections that present the state of the art and the methodology used, and discuss the results and perspectives of the authors. The book is recommended to scholars, professionals, students and anyone interested in the changes within the humanities in conjunction with technological innovation or in the ways language is adapting to the challenges of today's digitized world.
The results of this study present the extent to which technical translations in Romanian follow the recommendations regarding the properties and qualities of target texts. Cases of acceptability, faithfulness, informativity, grammaticalness, connectedness, clarity, and naturalness are analysed on a series of texts, and several recommendations are made, useful to curricula developers, translation scholars and translation students.
The technical writer Proceedings of a conference, Le nuove professioni per il traduttore e l'interprete
- Geoffrey Kingscott