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Taxonomical and ecological observations on Pycnogonida from Apulian coasts (southern Italy)

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Abstract

One‐hundred‐sixty specimens of Pycnogonida were collected from the Apulian coast near Brindisi. Some taxonomically interesting species are described in detail and the composition of the populations of Apulian Pycnogonida discussed in relation to the ecological characteristics of the sampled biocoenoses. None of the adventitious species of Pycnogonida recorded from other Mediterranean areas was included in these biocoenoses.
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Taxonomical and ecological observations on
Pycnogonida from Apulian coasts (southern Italy)
Carla Chimenz a , Marco Tosti a & Vezio Cottarelli b
a Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo , Università di Roma La Sapienza
, viale dell'Università 32, I00185, Roma, Italy
b Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali , Università della Tuscia , via S. Camillo De
Lellis, I01100, Viterbo, Italy
Published online: 28 Jan 2009.
To cite this article: Carla Chimenz , Marco Tosti & Vezio Cottarelli (1993) Taxonomical and ecological
observations on Pycnogonida from Apulian coasts (southern Italy), Bolletino di zoologia, 60:3, 339-347, DOI:
10.1080/11250009309355834
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009309355834
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Boll. Zool. 60: 339-347 (1993)
Taxonomical and ecological
observations on Pycnogonida from
Apulian coasts (southern Italy)
CARLA CHIMENZ
MARCO TOSTI
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo,
Università di Roma «La Sapienza»,
viale dell'Università 32, I-00185, Roma (Italy)
VEZIO COTTARELLI
Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia,
via S. Camillo De Lellis, I-01100, Viterbo (Italy)
INTRODUCTION
The Pycnogonida described in this paper were isolated
from samples of benthos collected during ecological
researches carried out along an area of the Apulian coasts.
Pycnogonida of the southern Adriatic coast had never
previously been studied. The material described here
may provide useful taxonomic and biogeographic infor-
mation, as well as represent a basis for future biological
studies. In particular, the presence in our samples of both
males and females of Rhynchothorax alcicornis enables
us to describe the female, hitherto unknown, and to
point out the morphological differences between male
and female, thus completing the description of this
species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
ABSTRACT
One-hundred-sixty specimens of Pycnogonida were collected
from the Apulian coast near Brindisi. Some taxonomically interesting
species are described in detail and the composition of the
populations of Apulian Pycnogonida discussed in relation to the
ecological characteristics of the sampled biocoenoses. None of the
adventitious species of Pycnogonida recorded from other
Mediterranean areas was included in these biocoenoses.
KEY WORDS: Pycnogonida - Taxonomy - Animal ecology -
Biogeography - Mediterranean sea.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are very grateful to Drs. J. H. Stock, F. Krapp and T. Munilla,
and to Mrs. F. Arnaud for their helpful information and comments on
the two species of Anoplodactylus. We also thank Dr. A. Belluscio
who entrusted the study of this material to us. Some «camera lucida»
drawings were made by Dr. N. Falchi. The SEM micrographs were
made by Dr. L. Del Caldo (Dipartimento di Biología Végétale, Univer-
sità di Roma «La Sapienza») and Dr. M. Carcupino (Dipartimento di
Scienze Ambientali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo). The research
was partly supported by the Italian Ministero della Università e della
Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnológica (funds 60).
Sampling was carried out in July 1987 along the coast between
Punta Penne and Casalabate, approximately 10 km North and 30 km
South of Brindisi, respectively. The stations were set along thirteen
transects at depths ranging from 0.5 to 28 m (Fig. 1).
The bottoms monitored showed the typical biocoenotic features
of the Adriatic coast of the Salento region (Bedulli et al., 1986). The
various biocoenoses did not follow one another regularly according
to the depth and actually displayed a mosaic structure. Therefore,
the places in which Pycnogonida were collected will be referred to
using the following five biocoenotic classes identified according to
Pérès & Picard (1964) (and not to the single transects): (1)
photophilic algae (AP); (2) fine well-sorted sands (SFBC); (3) coarse
sands under bottom currents (SGCF); (4) Posidonia oceánica (HP);
(5) coralligenous (Cor). These biocoenoses are abbreviated in the
text for the sake of simplicity.
Sampling on hard bottoms was carried out by SCUBA diving, by
total «scraping» of a surface of 20x20 cm. A modified Charcot dredge
was used on soft substrates. The benthos samples were fixed in 10
neutralized formalin. After sorting, the specimens of Pycnogonida
40° 30' N
(Received
24 February 1992 - Accepted 14 May 1993) Fig. 1 - Location of the sampling stations along the Apulian coast,
southern Italy.
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340
C.
CHIMENZ, M. TOSTI, V. COTTARELLI
were
transferred in 70 ethyl alcohol. Measurements were taken
using
a micrometric slide, according to the method proposed by
Munilla
(1986), and are given in mm.
For
observations under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),
the
specimens were dehydrated through an ethanol series, dried
with
a critical point dryer (BALZERS CPD 020) and observed with a
Cambridge
Stereoscan 200 microscope. .
The
specimens are preserved in one of the authors' (C. C.) collec-
tions
at the «Dipartimento di Biología Animale e dell'Uomo» of «La
Sapienza»
University of Rome.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
Taxonomic account
Pycnogonida were found in 11 out of 13 transects.
From a total of 51 samples examined l60 specimens were
collected and identified (see Table I). Only the most in-
teresting taxa are here described.
Anoplodactylus cf. petiolatus (Kroyer, 1844)
Fig.
2
AP,
2 m: 1 ovigerous female.
Dimensions. Total length (from the tip of the proboscis
to the, tip of the abdomen, in dorsal view): 1:34.
Proboscis (ventral view): 0.42. Abdomen (dorsal view):
0.25.
Cheliphore (dorsal view): 0.40. First leg (dorsal
view, claw included): 1.90. Main claw: 0.19- Auxiliary
claw: 0.03. Cutting lamina: 0.11.
Remarks - A comparison with the typical form of A.
petiolatus (of which we also isolated some specimens
from our samples) reveals some evident differences:
smaller size, more compact trunk, shorter neck, absence
of tubercles on lateral processes, shorter appendages,
longer cutting lamina preceded by 2-3 spinules instead of
4-6.
On the other hand, similarities exist with A. petio-
latus as described by Marcus (1940) as well as with the
type of A. petiolatus as illustrated by Stock (1975) with
regard to lamina length, propodus spinulation, and ab-
sence of tubercles on the lateral processes. Among the
other species of Anoplodactylus known, our specimen
resembles only A. trispinosus Stock, 1951 as regards the
propodus spinulation and the cutting lamina length.
However, it differs for the absence of tubercles on the
lateral processes, in the shape of the proboscis (as the
subterminal constriction is missing), and in the chelae
wich bear two denticulations on the inner side of both
fingers, the immovable finger being slightly curved, and
the movable markedly curved.
As no male specimens were available, account could
not be taken of the structure of the oviger and the shape
and position of the cement gland duct, which are
necessary for reliable taxonomic assignment in this
genus.
TABLE
I - Distribution of Pycnogonida at different depths (m) in the five biocoenoses studied along the Apulian coast.
Species
0.5-2
AP
Biocenosis
SFBC
SGCF
6-8
11-13
6-136-28
HPCor
7-11 15-21
21-28
Achelia
echinata Hodge, 1864 9
Achelia
langi (Dohrn, 1881) 4
Ammothella
biunguiculata (Dohrn, 1881)
Ammothella
longipes (Dohrn, 1881) 6 6
Ammothella
uniunguiculata (Dohrn, 1881) 7
Ammothella
longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940)
Ascorhynchus
simile Fage, 1942
Tanystylum
conirostre (Dohrn, 1881) 6 1
Anoplodactylus
angulatus (Dohrn, 1881) 3 2
Anoplodactylus
petiolatus (Krayer, 1844)
Anoplodactylus
ci petiolatus 1
Anoplodactylus
pygmaeus (Hodge, 1864) 2
Anoplodactylus
virescens (Hodge, 1864) 32
Anoplodactylus
compositus (Chimenz, Cot., To., 1991)
Anoplodactylus
sp. 4
Rhynchothorax
alcicornis Krapp, 1973
Rhynchothorax
mediterraneus Costa, 1861
Callipallene
cf pbantoma (Dohrn, 1881) 1
Callipallene
ind. juv.
Pycnogonum
plumipes Stock, I960 2
Pycnogonum
pusillum Dohrn, 1881 2
13
18
AP,
photophilic algae; SFBC, fine well sorted sands; SGCF, coarse sands under bottom currents; HP, Posidonia «matte»; Cor, coralligenous.
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PYCNOGONIDA FROM APULIAN COASTS341
Fig. 2 - Anoplodactylus cf. petiolatus (female): a) habitus; b) chela;
c) propodus; d) first leg (right).
Anoplodactylus sp.
Fig. 3
AP,
0.5 m: 2 males (one ovigerous), 2 ovigerous females; HP, 7 m: 1
male.
Dimensions of the male. Total length: 1.70; Proboscis:
0.50; Abdomen: 0.33; Cheliphore: 0.48; Main claw: 0.21;
Auxiliary claw: 0.03; Cutting lamina: 0.15. Dimensions of
the female. Total length: 1.37; Proboscis: 0.46; Ab-
domen: 0.34; Cheliphore: 0.45; Main claw: 0.21;
Auxiliary claw: 0.02; Cutting lamina: 0.16.
Remarks - The specimens found can be assigned to
the pygmaeus «complex» {sensu Stock, 1975); they show
similarities to A. pygmaeus (Hodge, 1864), the only
species belonging to this complex so far collected from
the Mediterranean. However, the following charac-
teristics distinguish our specimens from this species: a
larger size; the presence of auxiliary claws (Fig. 3f); the
feebly or not segmented trunk (Fig. 3a, d); the shape of
the ocular tubercle; the oviger with 7 segments (instead
of 6) (Fig. 3h); the more prominent genital spurs on the
second coxa of the male (Fig. 3e); the less curved
propodus (Fig. 3f). On the other hand, some features of
our specimens recall A. turbidus Stock, 1975: the body
shape; the presence of tubercles on the lateral processes;
curved and dentate cheliphore fingers (Fig. 3g); the long
cutting lamina preceded by two spines; the presence of
auxiliary claws; the shape and position of the cement
gland duct (Fig. 3e). However, our specimens have a
longer abdomen, reaching the distal part of the first coxa;
proboscis lacking ventral spinules; oviger with 7 seg-
ments instead of 6; much more prominent genital spurs
on the seconda coxa of the male. Two other species of
the pygmaeus «complex», A. micros Bourdillon, 1955,
and A. trispinosus Stock, 1951, share with our specimens
the presence of auxiliary claws, cutting lamina, and
tubercles on the lateral processes; but the other features
are different. In conclusion, this Anoplodactylus cannot
be ascribed to any known species of the pygmaeus «com-
plex». It might be a new taxon, but we prefer to deter-
mine its systematic position through further comparisons
and surveys.
Rhynchothorax alcicornis Krapp, 1973
Figs 4-8
SGCF,
28 m: 1 female; Cor, 21 - 28 m: 6 males, 5 females, 2 juv.
Dimensions of the male. Total length: 1.40; Proboscis:
0.45;
Abdomen: 0.26; Palp: 0.57; Oviger: 0.72; Fourth
leg:
1.23. Dimension of the female. Total length: 1.38;
Proboscis: 0.37; Abdomen: 0.25; Palp: 0.77; Oviger: 1;
Fourth leg: 1.25.
Description of the female. Tegument strewn with
numerous little tubercles; each one bears a pair of curved
setules (represented in only a few drawings). The body
tapers from the first to the fourth segment. Segmentation
lines are present between all trunk segments. The dorsal
ornamentation consists of six small tubercles on the
distal part of cephalon; one (sometimes two) mid-dorsal
tubercle(s) lie on the first segment, two tubercles on the
second and third segments; only one tubercle on the
fourth one (Figs 5, 6). The proboscis is barrel-shaped,
with well-developed dorsal antimere and dorsal and ven-
tral sides with wrinkles and wide flat bosses (Fig. 7a).
Eyes are absent; the ocular tubercle is reduced (Figs 5a,
7a).
As already described above, in the zone of the ocular
tubercle there are six small roundish protuberances
arranged as illustrated in Figures 5a and 7c. The lateral
processes are armed with distal multiple apophyses; the
first segment shows only one apophysis on the posterior
side;
the fourth segment bears one apophysis on the an-
terior side; the second and third segment bearing two
apophyses on the anterior and posterior sides (Figs 5a, 6).
The abdomen is cylindrical, long, almost reaching the
distal extremity of the second coxa of the fourth leg; its
extremity is slightly bifid (Fig. 5a). True cheliphores are
absent; they are replaced by two formations resembling
those of other species of the same genus, defined by
Child (1979) as «cephalic extensions»; they show a basal
constriction (Fig. 7d). Palps are five-segmented, longer
than the proboscis (Fig. 5b); they have a shape like that
described for the male by Arnaud & Krapp (1990). Oviger
ten-segmented; fourth and sixth articles the longest; the
seventh article bearing 2 compound and 2 simple spines,
the eighth 4 compound spine and 1 simple, the ninth and
tenth 2 compound spines and 1 simple one each; in ad-
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342C. CHIMENZ, M. TOSTI, V. COTTARELLI
Fig. 3 - Anoplodactylus sp., female:
a) habitus, trunk, proboscis, abdomen;
b) fourth leg (right), c) chela. Male:
d) habitus; e) fourth leg (right);
f) propodus; g) chela; h) oviger.
dition to the usual claw, article ten is armed with a
serrated lamina (Fig. 5c). Almost all articles bear the
above described tubercles with paired setules. Legs
distally tapering, with subequal coxae; first coxa of all
legs showing two multiple apophyses (Fig. 5a); the
second coxa of the first, second and third leg with one
apophysis on the outer side and one long tubercle on the
inner side; lacking apophyses, but enlarged and with a
large swelling facing the inner side, bearing the opercule
of the genital opening in the fourth leg (Fig. 8a, b). Third
coxa without apophyses but with tubercles. Femur and
tibiae almost subequal in length; femur and tibia 2
bearing a long dorsal seta near distal extremity; tibia 1
with a similar seta at about half its length. Tarsus short,
with two setules on the ventral side; propodus long, slen-
der, with four spine-like setules on the sole and four
similar setules plus two distal paired setules on dorsal
side (Fig. 5d).
The main differences between male and female are
illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 8. Summarizing: the fourth
article of the male oviger has four stout setae, lacking in
the female; the last four articles of the male oviger show
different spinulation from the female (see Figs 4c and 5c);
the second coxa of the fourth leg in the male, not
enlarged, bears one apophysis on the outer side and
only one long tubercle on the inner side; lastly, the
tegument of the male shows a larger number of little
tubercles.
Remarks - Our material shows some differences com-
pared with the specimens described by Krapp (1973) and
Arnaud & Krapp (1990). The cephalic extensions seem to
be more developed than can be seen in the drawings of
Arnaud & Krapp (1990), as well as in the descriptions of
other species of the genus (see for example Child, 1979)
and show a basal constriction; the palps are longer than
the proboscis (in Arnaud & Krapp's drawings they seem
as long as the proboscis); the process on the palp fourth
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PYCNOGONIDA FROM APULIAN COASTS343
Fig. 4 - Rhynchothorax alcicornis, male: a) habitus, trunk, abdomen;
b) palp; c) oviger; d) fourth leg (right).Fig. 5 - Rhynchothorax alcicornis, female: a) habitus; b) palp;
c) oviger; d) fourth leg (left).
segment is not articulated; the spinulation of the male
oviger is different.
ECOLOGICAL AND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS
The differences in abundance and specific com-
position among the Pycnogonida assemblages of the
sampled biocoenoses need to be discussed in relation to
the ecological features of these same biocoenoses (Table
I).
The richest and most diversified assemblage (95
specimens, 13 species) was that of the photophilic algae
(AP).
Even though partly accounted for by the larger
number of samples collected, this richness seems to be a
typical feature of this biocoenosis, which is characterized
by numerous microenvironments entailing diversified
and plentiful trophic resources (Arnaud & Bamber, 1987).
The species found, among which A. virescens was the
most representative, have been usually reported as living
on hard substrates covered with algae, in particular at
shallow depths (Krapp, 1973). In order to reveal any
possible depth-linked difference, biocoenosis AP was
divided into three bathymétrie belts: 0-2 m, 6-8 m, and
11-13 m. No changes of species connected with depth
were noted; the differences were mainly due to the
greater abundance and specific richness at a shallower
level, probably linked to the richer algal assemblage.
The coralligenous assemblage, although poorly diver-
sified, was fairly abundant: 34 specimens, identified
mainly as R. alcicornis and R. mediterraneus, that com-
monly occur in concretionary environments (Arnaud,
1987);
P. plumipes was also typical of this biocoenosis,
where also the new species A.
compost
tus was collected
(Chimenz et al., 1991).
In the Posidonia «matte», 22 specimens were collected
and assigned to nine species. Some of these, A. echinata,
A.
longipes, T. conirostre, A. angulatus, typical of hard
algae covered substrates, also occur in AP biocoenosis;
others, such as A. biunguiculata, are psammophilous, or
occur on sandy or muddy substrates, like A. longioculata
and A petiolatus. In this case, the coexistence of species
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344C. CHIMENZ, M. TOSTI, V. COTTARELLI
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Fig. 7 - Rhynchothorax alcicornis: a) proboscis; b) palp; c) tubercles of the cephalic area; d) cephalic extensions
Downloaded by [109.73.70.165] at 18:54 19 March 2014
346C. CHIMENZ, M. TOSTI, V. COTTARELLI
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Fig. 8 - Rhynchothorax alcicornis. Female: a) II coxa of fourth leg (arrow); b) the same enlarged, showing the genital opening. Male: c) II coxa
of fourth leg (arrow); d) the same, enlarged.
typical of diversified biocoenoses or substrates is found,
rather than a clearly characterized assemblage. This
aspect has been observed in the other groups living in
the Posidonia meadow and suggested to Bianchi et al.
(1989) the hypothesis that Posidonia should be con-
sidered a «complex climatic mesoecosystem», rather than
a biocoenosis.
The assemblages of the soft bottom biocoenoses were
very poor: in the coarse sands under bottom currents
biocoenosis five specimens assigned to five species were
collected, including the psammophilous A. biungui-
culata and the detritus-loving Ascorhynchus simile;
whilst the assemblage of the fine well sorted sands
biocoenosis included four specimens and three species,
two of which (A. petiolatus and R. mediterraneus) are
linked to the sandy or muddy component of the sub-
strate.
From the biogeographical point of view, in the area un-
der consideration 17 out of the 50 species listed by
Arnaud (1988) for the whole Mediterranean sea have
been found. Some of these species, including R. alcicor-
nis,
where previously considered rare. The Brindisi
assemblage showed a lower affinity with those of the
northern and central Adriatic than with those of the
eastern and eestern Mediterranean Basins, confirming
also for the Pycnogonida what had been observed for
other taxonomical groups (Pérès, 1967). It is worth poin-
ting out that no adventitious species previously recorded
in other Mediterranean areas, such as Ammotbea hilgen-
dorfi (Böhm, 1879), found by Krapp & Sconfietti (1983),
and Anoplodactylus portus Caiman, 1927, recorded by
Chimenz et al. (1979), was collected.
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... Achelia langi (Dohrn, 1881) has occasionally been found in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly in its western and central regions (Dohrn, 1881;Faraggiana, 1940;Stock, 1968;Chimenz et al., 1979;Arnaud, 1987;Sanchez & Munilla,1989;Munilla, 1993;Chimenz et al., 1993;Munilla & Nieto, 1999;Piscitelli, 2000;Vignoli et al., 2006;). In the eastern Mediterranean Sea, it was reported only from Çandarlı Bay (Koçak & Katağan, 2007) and Foça (Krapp et al. 2008) on the Aegean Sea coast of Türkiye. ...
... Most previous records of A. langi from the Mediterranean Sea are from the western and central regions: the Italian coast. Napoli (Dohrn, 1881); Levanto (Faraggiana, 1940); Civitavecchia port, Torvaldaliga (Chimenz et al., 1979); Apulian coast (Chimenz et al., 1993); Tremiti Island (Piscitelli, 2000); Costa d'Argento, southern Tuscany (Vignoli et al., 2006). Spanish coast. ...
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A male specimen of Achelia langi (Dohrn, 1881) is found in Antalya Bay (Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea) at 1.5 m depth in July 2019. Distribution map of the species in the Mediterranean Sea is provided, together with photograph and line drawing of the species. A. langi is reported in this study the first time from the Antalya Bay and the Mediterranean coast of Turkey and also the third time from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The record further extends the known distribution of this species from the Aegean Sea to the Mediterranean coast of Turkey in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
... Ammothella longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940) is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. At least twelve studies are indicating the existence of the species in the region (Faraggiana, 1940;Stock, 1958;Krapp, 1973;Arnaud, 1987;Schüller, 1989;Chimenz et al., 1993;Munilla & Nieto, 1999;Vignoli et al., 2006;Kocak & Katagan, 2007;Krapp et al., 2008;Koçak, 2020). ...
... Tunisian coast: Tabarka (Arnaud, 1987). Italian coast: Levanto, Ligurian Sea (Faraggiana, 1940); Isola Lachea (Krapp, 1973); Apulian coast (Chimenz, et al., 1993); Costa d'Argento (Vignoli et al., 2006). Croatian coast: Rovinj, north Adriatic (Schüller, 1989). ...
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Sampling studies on the Turkish Mediterranean coast revealed the presence of a species of Pycnogonida belonging to the genus Ammothella. This species is identified as A. longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940). This is herein reported for the first time from the Fethiye Bay and Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Therefore, the record further extends the known distribution of A. longioculata from the Aegean Sea to the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. A distribution map of the species in the Mediterranean Sea is provided, together with photographs of the species. This study is the only scientific report to date of the pycnogonids of the Fethiye Bay in Turkey.
... Ammothella longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940) is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. This species had been reported eleven times before from the region (Faraggiana, 1940;Stock, 1958;Krapp, 1973;Arnaud, 1987;Schüller, 1989;Chimenz et al., 1993;Munilla and Nieto, 1999;Vignoli et al., 2006;Kocak and Katagan, 2007;Krapp et al., 2008, who reported for the first time this species from the Turkish waters). The present study provides a new locality for A. longioculata in the Aegean Sea, information about its distribution in the Mediterranean Sea, and reported pycnogoid species from the İzmir Bay. ...
... Tunisian coast: Tabarka (Arnaud, 1987). Italian coast: Levanto, Ligurian Sea (Faraggiana, 1940); Isola Lachea (Krapp, 1973); Apulian coast (Chimenz, et al., 1993); Costa d'Argento (Vignoli et al., 2006). Croatian coast: Rovinj, North Adriatic (Schüller, 1989). ...
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Sampling studies in İzmir Bay revealed the occurrence of a pycnogonid species, Ammothella longioculata (Faraggiana, 1940). A. longioculata is reported only one time from the Turkish waters, up to now. The presence of this rare species is reported herein for the first time from the İzmir Bay, and also second time from the Turkish waters. The distribution map of the species in the Mediterranean Sea is provided, together with photographs and line drawings of the species. Moreover, all of the early studies were reviewed on the pycnogonid fauna of İzmir Bay, distribution of each species, depth range, and type of substrate are given.
... Most coastal pycnogonids are usually associated with hard substrata, since their principal food and shelter are the algae and sessile invertebrates that live there. Nevertheless, there are at least 61 species recorded in coastal sediments round the world, located between 0 and 25 m depth (Arnaud, 1973a(Arnaud, , 1973b(Arnaud, , 1988Arnaud & Bamber, 1987;Arnaud & Krapp, 1990;Chimenz, 1990;Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986;Chimenz et al., 1993;Child, 1979Child, , 1992aChild, , 1992bHedgpeth, 1948Hedgpeth, , 1951Müller, 1993;Stock, 1959Stock, , 1979Stock, , 1986Stock, , 1989. Out of these, only 24 species were reported on interstitial shore habitats or near to them, 14 being from the Mediterranean Sea (table 4). ...
... Hedgpethius interstitialis Stock, 1989 Rhynchothorax arenicolus Stock, 1989Arnaud & Bamber, 1987Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986Stock & Soyer, 1965Arnaud, 1973bSorbe, 1984;Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986Child, 1992aArnaud, 1988Chimenz et al. 1993Sorbe, 1984Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986Ohshima, 1927De Haro, 1978Le Calvez, 1950Arnaud, 1973aStock Arnaud 1973aMüller 1990Arnaud & Krapp, 1990Chimenz, 1990 Naples Shallow waters (unpublished data), were found on 13 Catalan beaches (Munilla et al., 1998). Comparison of Ammothella longipes data from the Creixell beach (soft substratum, between 0.5 and 3.5 m depth, 1991) with the results from an earlier study (Munilla, 1980) carried out in 1975, on hard substratum (Halopteris sp., S. Françésc cove, Gerona, between 1 and 3 m depth) is shown in Table 5. ...
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Five stations from the Creixell sublittoral zone were sampled monthly in 1991-1992, parallel to the coastline, with a suprabenthic sledge. On these soft bottoms 211 pycnogonids belonging to the following ten species were recorded between 0 and 3.5 m depth: Ammothella longipes, Tanystylum conirostre, Achelia echinata, Achelia vulgaris, Nymphonella tapetis, Endeis spinosa, Callipallene emaciata, Callipallene tiberi, Anoplodactylus petiolatus and Anoplodactylus virescens. Ammothella longipes was the most abundant species (82.0% of the taxocoenosis) and the only resident throughout the year; 2/3 of their specimens were postlarvae and juveniles and 1/3 adults. The mean density of this species was 5.3 specimens 100 m-2 and its biomass 2 mg 100 m-2. The data of A. longipes obtained on this beach are compared with the corresponding ones from a photophilous algal hard substratum on the Costa Brava (Gerona) at the same depth. A Posidonia oceanica meadow, located 500 m off the coastline, is probably the source of the majority of pycnogonids and the passive migration of specimens (mainly subadults) regulates their presence on the sandy bottoms. Moreover, hydro-dynamics appears to be the main environmental factor influencing the bathymetric pycnogonid distribution in the sublittoral zone of the beach.
... -Bamber & Thurston 19931995: 137 (key and record). -Chimenz et al. 1993: tab. 1. -Harms 1993: tab. 3. -Bamber 1995a: 16 (list), 29 (key), 192 (key), 194, fig. 233. ...
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This study presents the inventory of sea spiders (Pycnogonida) sampled during the Madibenthos Expedition in Martinique (West Indies). Species were discriminated leaning on morphological and molecular data. A total of 761 specimens are classified in 72 species, 16 genera and nine families. Thirteen new species are described: Ammothella dirbergi sp. nov., A. krappi sp. nov., Tanystylum boucheti sp. nov., T. ingrallis sp. nov., Ascorhynchus iguanarum sp. nov., Eurycyde kaiouti sp. nov., Nymphon dorlis sp. nov., N. ludovici sp. nov., N. martinicum sp. nov., N. timons sp. nov., Anoplodactylus madibenthos sp. nov., Pycnogonum cesairei sp. nov. and Rhynchothorax sidereus sp. nov. We describe a neotype for Anoplodactylus micros Bourdillon, 1955 from the type locality. Martinique now includes 79 species of sea spiders, mostly endemic to the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic, cosmopolitan or shared with the South America Atlantic coast. Some species are potentially introduced. However, our knowledge of the distribution of species found in Martinique is probably biased by the scarcity of diagnostic morphological characters. Also, nine potentially cryptic species (discriminated on genetic data alone), are identified, shedding light on the overlooked diversity of sea spiders in the Tropical Northwestern Atlantic. Therefore, we call for a more widespread use of barcoding in sea spiders.
... For the Eastern Mediterranean, there are less studies published and the number of species known is lower: for example, in the Turkish waters, only 11 species are recorded (Koçak 2013). Few cases of in-depth research on the Pantopoda of a specific area are known in the Italian literature and they are all focused on South-Central and Southern Italy (Krapp 1973;Chimenz Gusso et al. 1978;Chimenz et al. 1979Chimenz et al. , 1993Chimenz & Cottarelli 1986;Piscitelli & Barone 2000). In the Ligurian Sea, mainly based on sporadic collections (Faraggiana 1940;Krapp 1975;Arnaud 1987;Chimenz Gusso 2000), 17 species have been recorded (Bartolino & Chimenz 2010). ...
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Pycnogonida collected monthly from September 2017 to August 2018 in the Portofino Marine Protected Area at 0–5 m depth were studied. A total of 499 specimens were collected, 457 of which were identified to species level. These were classified as belonging to 10 species: Achelia echinata*, Ascorhynchus castelli, Neotrygaeus communis*, Tanystylum conirostre*, Anoplodactylus angulatus, A. petiolatus, A. pygmaeus*, A. virescens, Callipallene phantoma and C. tiberi*. For five dominant species (those marked with an asterisk) the annual phenology was outlined. Four hundred and seventeen additional specimens, collected from the same area and depth range mainly during the 1970s and 1980s were identified to species level for completeness of information, leading to the addition of Pycnogonum pusillum and Endeis spinosa.
... Stock & Soyer, 1965 Arnaud, 1973b; Sorbe, 1984; Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986 Child, 1992a Arnaud, 1988 Chimenz et al. 1993 Sorbe, 1984; Chimenz & Cottarelli, 1986 Ohshima, 1927 De Haro, 1978 Le Calvez, 1950 Arnaud, 1973a Stock Arnaud 1973a Müller 1990 Arnaud & Krapp, 1990 Chimenz, 1990 ...
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Seven known pycnogonid species are reported from the Ryukyu Islands at Okinawa, five of them found here for the first time and one new species. The new species, Parapallene virgosa, is described, illustrated, compared with others in its genus and with several species in other genera displaying a few similar characteristics. Previous Okinawan pycnogonid literature is discussed in light of these additional species and distribution of all species is included.
Article
The taxonomic, zoogeographic and bionomic characteristics of Bryozoa assemblages collected during a general survey of the benthos off the coasts of Puglia along 13 transects at depths ranging from 0.5 to 28 m are illustrated and discussed. Among the 55 species of Gymnolaemata identified, 12 are new for Puglia, 5 for the Adriatic. Atlantic, Cosmopolitan and Endemic elements are dominant. The structural (abundance and specific richness) and morphofunctional (zoarial type) features of the assemblages collected in the five biocoenoses present in the area are linked to their ecological characteristics. The Coralligenous biocoenosis shows the richest and more varied assemblages, thanks to its micro-environmental heterogeneity.
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In the present study 21 littoral pycnogonid species from 5 families are analysed: Ammotheidae (9 species), Callipallenidae (5 species), Endeidae (2 species), Phoxichilidiidae (3 species), and Pycnogonidae (2 species). The material was mainly taken from Mediterranean pycnogonid collections housed in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. Additional material was collected during field trips. Altogether the material was obtained from six different locations: Banyuls-sur-Mer (France), Tavolara Island (Italy), Elba Island (Italy), Giglio Island (Italy), Sicily Island (Italy), and Istria Peninsula (Croatia). The animals were studied in detail with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally series of light microscopic pictures were made to generate extended depth of field pictures of whole animals. The observed features are compared with previous literature.
Article
Pycnogonids ("sea spiders') are exclusively marine invertebrates numbering approx 1000 species in 84 genera. This cosmopolitan group is largely epibenthic, but a few are interstitial, and some bathypelagic. There are a number of commensal and parasitic species associated with coelenterate, poriferan, molluscan and echinoderm hosts. Littoral pycnogonids tend to be small; deeper water and polar species tend towards gigantism. This review considers: morphology, anatomy and classification; physiology and function; life cycle; interrelationships with other organisms; zoogeography; and palaeontologzy and systematic affinities.-P.J.Jarvis
Chapter
The Pycnogonida or “sea spiders” are exclusively marine invertebrates numbering, to-date, about 1000 species in 84 genera. In the past they were referred to as the Podosomata or Pantopoda, a name persisting in some European literature, and now surviving as the extant order of the Class (or Subphylum) Pycnogonida. As they rarely occur in prolific density, they are often cryptic and have little economic significance, they have long been regarded as a “minor” group among the marine fauna, receiving little more than superficial coverage in general zoology texts. While the majority of species are epibenthic, a few are interstitial, some are bathypelagic, and recently increasing numbers of commensal and parasitic species have been described, associated with coelenterate, poriferan, molluscan, and echinoderm hosts. This chapter attempts to collate and summarize the current knowledge on all known aspects of pycnogonid biology, drawing from both the latest published and unpublished researches in this field, and is aimed at both specialists and other marine biologists.
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... Manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Méditerranée. Pérès, J.-M.; Picard , J. (1958). Manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Méditerranée Rec. Trav. Sta. Mar. Endoume 23(14): 5-122. In: Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume-Marseille. ...
Article
Several thousands of pycnogonid specimens from 451 stations or samples, belonging to 76 species in 7 families are recorded. Of these, 23 represent new species or subspecies; moreover 1 new genus and 1 new subgenus are described. The samples studied came from the entire tropical belt of the Atlanto-East Pacific region, but mostly from the Caribbean and adjacent regions. Both shallow-water and deep-sea material is treated.
Article
The 1951 cruise of the "Président-Théodore-Tissier" was conducted from February 13th to June 30th, 1951. During these four and a half months, the vessel, which departed from Brest, stopped successively in Madeira, the French Caribbean, the Bermudas, Woods Hole, Halifax, on the banks of Newfoundland, the Azores Islands, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, and then sailed back to Brest after 13,000 miles in the Northern Atlantic Ocean. The North-Western Atlantic and the Caribbean Pycnogonida have been the focus in 1948 of a very comprehensive and documented review by J. W. Hedgpeth followed by a catalogue of the stations of the different expeditions which worked in the Northern Atlantic Ocean and the studied species. Moreover, the work of Marcus (1940) on the South-American Pycnogonida is an excellent basis for the study of the tropical Atlantic Pycnogonida. Recently, J.-H. Stock (1954 a) published a preliminary study on Pycnogonida collected at small depths in the Caribbean. During the 1951 cruise of the "Président-Théodore-Tissier", 15 species of Pycnogonida were collected at 16 stations which can be classified, from a biogeographic point of view, in five groups of unequal importance: the floating sargassum (8 stations), the Little Caribbean (5 stations), the Bermudas (1 station), the surroundings of Wood Hole (1 station), the banks of Newfoundland (1 station). La croisière 1951 du « Président-Théodore-Tissier» a duré du 13 février au 30 juin 1951. Pendant ces quatre mois et demi, le navire, parti de Brest, s'est rendu successivement à Madère, aux Antilles française, aux Bermudes, à Woods Hole, à Halifax, sur les Bancs de Terre-Neuve, aux Açores, à Saint-Jean-de-Luz, et est rentré à Brest après avoir parcouru plus de 13.000 milles dan l'Atlantique Nord. Les Pycnogonides de l'Atlantique Nord-Ouest et des Antilles ont fait l'objet en 1948 d'une révision très complète et documentée de J. W. Hedgpeth suivie d'un catalogue des stations des différentes expéditions ayant travaillé dans l'Atlantique Nord et des espèces récoltées. Par ailleurs, le travail de Marcus (1940) sur les Pycnogonides sud-américains constitue une excellente base pour l'étude des Pycnogonides de l'Atlantique tropical. Enfin, tout récemment J.-H. Stock (1954 a) a publié une étude préliminaire des Pycnogonides récoltés à faible profondeur dans les Antilles. Au cour de la campagne 1951 du «Président-Théodore-Tissier », 15 espèces de Pycnogonides ont été recueillies en 16 stations qui peuvent, au point de vue biogéographie, être classés en cinq groupes d'importance très inégale: les sargasses flottantes (8 stations), les petites Antilles (5 stations), les Bermudes (1 station), les environs de Wood Hole (1 station), les Bans de Terre-Neuve (1 station). ATTENTION : Ce texte a été extrait du document par un processus automatique, non contrôlé, de reconnaissance optique de caractères (OCR). Il est donc susceptible de comporter des erreurs. En cas de doute, consultez le fichier PDF.