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New Zealand Journal of Zoology
ISSN: 0301-4223 (Print) 1175-8821 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzz20
Area codes for recording specimen localities in the
New Zealand subregion
T. K. Crosby , J. S. Dugdale & J. C. Watt
To cite this article: T. K. Crosby , J. S. Dugdale & J. C. Watt (1998) Area codes for recording
specimen localities in the New Zealand subregion, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25:2,
175-183, DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1998.9518148
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1998.9518148
Published online: 30 Mar 2010.
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New Zealand Journal of
Zoology,
1998, Vol. 25: 175-183
0301-4223/2502-0175 $7.00/0 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 1998175
Area codes for recording specimen localities
in the New Zealand subregion
T. K. CROSBY
J. S. DUGDALE*
J. C. WATT
Landcare Research
Private Bag 92170
Auckland, New Zealand
*Present address: c/- Landcare Research, Private Bag
6, Nelson, New Zealand.
Abstract For the New Zealand mainland, 29 pre-
viously published two-letter codes defining collec-
tion areas are reviewed, with their boundary
definitions. An additional eight area codes are here
defined for the outer islands of the New Zealand
subregion: Kermadec Islands (KE), Three Kings Is-
lands (TH), Chatham Islands (CH), The Snares Is-
lands (SN), Auckland Islands (AU), Campbell Island
(CA),
Antipodes Islands (AN), and Bounty Islands
(BO).
More general area codes are added for the
North Island (NO), South Island (SO), New Zealand
(NZ),
and the Ross Dependency (RO) in Antarctica.
The main purpose of the codes is to facilitate re-
trieval and documentation of specimens.
Keywords area codes; collections; specimens;
New Zealand; offshore islands; Ross Dependency
INTRODUCTION
Crosby et al. (1976) subdivided the New Zealand
mainland (North, South, and Stewart Islands, plus
nearby inshore islands) into 29 approximately equal-
sized areas, and defined two-letter codes for each.
The codes and boundary definitions for these areas
were provided on a separate, large map enclosed
Received 8 September 1997; accepted 9 December 1997
with the journal issue. These areas were modified
from the areas used as weather forecast districts by
the New Zealand Meteorological Service, and their
main purpose was to facilitate the arrangement, re-
trieval, and documentation of specimens in the New
Zealand Arthropod Collection (NZAC). The codes
have subsequently been used in other collections, for
computer databases, and in publications as a conven-
ient way of categorising specimen data.
We did not define area codes in 1976 for the outer
islands—Kermadecs, Three Kings, Chathams, The
Snares, Aucklands, Campbell, Antipodes, and
Bounty—as each was a distinct unit not requiring to
be subdivided. However, at the request of colleagues,
we now define codes for them. The additional area
codes are based on the first two letters of the island
group name (e.g., AU for Auckland Islands). In ad-
dition, new codes are provided for the two main is-
lands (North, South) and for New Zealand, primarily
to assist the recording in computer databases of older
specimens with imprecise locality information, and
also for the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Along
with the new codes, we here reprint the original
codes from Crosby et al. (1976), in order to compile
an updated and comprehensive listing herein, com-
plete with maps (which have become separated from
some library copies of the original journal).
It will now be appropriate for all specimens from
the New Zealand subregion (Fig. 1) to have 'NEW
ZEALAND' on their labels followed by an area
code.
For example, a specimen from Little Mangere
Island in the Chathams could be labelled: line 1,
"NEW ZEALAND, CH", line 2 (optional)
"Chatham Is", line 3, "Little Mangere I." This will
ensure that all NZAC specimens from all land areas
constituting New Zealand are identified as having
been collected in New Zealand.
AREA CODES FOR MAINLAND NEW ZEALAND
Abbreviations: I., Island; Is, Islands; L. Lake; Mt,
Mount; R., River; Rd, Road; S.H., State Highway;
Stm, Stream.
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176New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1998, Vol. 25
30°S
35°
40°
45"
50°
55"S
Norfolk
Island
• Lord Howe
Island
T A
(km at
0
S M A N
SEA
SCALE
45*S
latitude)
200 400 /
111 J
L
•——/~\
SN
The Snares •
AU
Auckland t>
Islands *
CA
TH
Three Kings
Islands ' «•
NORTH y\
ISLAND f
( SOUTH
/ ISLAND
Stewart
Island
Campbell
Island °
Macquarie
/ Island
i i
THE NEW
KE
Kermadec
Islands .'
••
SOUTH
PA C 1 F 1 C
OCEAN
•
7
/
CH
Chatham *?
Islands ?
B0
Bounty
Islands *"
AN
Antipodes .
Islands
ZEALAND SUBREGION
(excludes Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Macquarie
islands except in the context of extralimital
zoogeography)
160°E
165°
170°
175°
180°175'W
Fig. 1 The New Zealand subregion with area codes. (Map reproduced with permission from the Fauna of
New Zealand /Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa series of publications.)
Downloaded by [63.216.145.10] at 15:45 29 January 2016
Crosby et al.—Area codes for New Zealand177
If a locality is near a boundary of two areas, both
codes should be given (e.g., Buller Gorge as BR/
NN).
North Island (Fig. 2)
AK, Auckland. (AK-ND, see ND.) AK-WO,
Tasman Sea, up Waikato R. to Maramarua R. junc-
tion (37°18'S, 175°03'E), up Maramarua R. and
Kopuku Stm to Kopuku (37°15'S, 115° WE), S.H.
2 from Kopuku to Waitakaruru R. (37°18'S,
175°
19'E), down Waitakaruru R. to Firth of Thames.
Includes Waiheke I., Rangitoto I., Noises Is, and
Kawau I.
BP,
Bay of Plenty. (BP-CL, see CL; BP-WO, see
WO.) BP-TO, S.H. 1 from Tokoroa (38°13'S,
175°52'E) to Waikato R., up L. Atiamuri to L.
Ohakuri, up Whirinaki Stm from L. Ohakuri to
Waikite Valley Rd (38°20'S, 176°12'E), along
Waikite Valley Rd to S.H. 5 at Waiotapu
(38°21'S,176°22'E), north along S.H. 5 from
Waiotapu to S.H. 38 (38°19'S, 176°22'E), S.H. 38
from S.H. 5 to Huiarau Summit (38°38'S, 177°02'E).
BP-GB,
Huiarau Summit, along ridges of Huiarau
and Raukumara Ranges [Maungapohatu (38°35'S,
177°07'E), Te Rangaakapua (38°31'S, 177°12'E),
Maungahaumi (38°18'S, 177°40'E), Arowhana
(38°07'S,
177o52'E),Tamarere(38°05'S, 177°52'E),
Kapau (37°59'S, 177°55'E), Honokawa (37°51'S,
177°59'E), Raukumara (37°46'S, 178°08'E),
Pukeamaru (37°40'S, 178°15'E)], down
Karakatuwhero R., Pacific Ocean. Includes Motiti
I., White I., and Whale I.
CL,
Coromandel. CL-WO, Firth of Thames, up
Waihou R. to Paeroa (37°21'S, 175°39'E). CL-BP,
Paeroa, up Ohinemuri R. to Waihi (37°24'S,
175°51'E), Waihi Beach Rd from Waihi to Waihi
Beach, Pacific Ocean. Includes Little Barrier I.,
Great Barrier I., Mayor I., The Aldermen Is, Mer-
cury Is, and Cuvier I.
GB,
Gisborne. (GB-BP, see BP; GB-TO, see TO.)
GB-HB,
down Mohaka R. from junction with Te
Hoe R. (39°02'S, 176°49'E) to Hawke Bay.
HB,
Hawke's Bay. (HB-GB, see GB; HB-TO, see
TO;
HB-RI, see RI.) HB-WA, down Manawatu R.
from S.H. 2 (40°03'S, 176°14'E) to Ormondville
(40°07'S,
176°16'E), straight line from Ormondville
to Ahiweka (Raikatea Range, 40°ll'S, 176°20'E),
straight line from Ahiweka to Whangai (40°19'S,
176°22'E), straight line from Whangai to junction of
S.H. 52 and Franklin Rd (40°26'S, 176°25'E), down
S.H. 52 from Franklin Rd junction to Herbertville
(40°30'S,
176°34'E), Pacific Ocean.
ND,
Northland. ND-AK, Tasman Sea, Kaipara
Harbour, up Otamatea R. to junction with Kaiwaka
R., up Kaiwaka R. to Kaiwaka (36°10'S, 174°27'E),
Kaiwaka-Mangawhai Rd to Mangawhai (36°08'S,
174°34'E), Mangawhai Harbour, Pacific Ocean. In-
cludes Hen and Chicken Is, Fanal I., Mokohinau Is,
and Poor Knights Is.
RI,
Rangitikei. (RI-TK, see TK; RI-TO, see TO;
RI-WI, see WI.) RI-HB, down Ngaruroro R. from
Taihape-Napier Rd crossing (39°24'S, 176°20'E) to
Maraekakaho (39°39'S, 176°37'E), along S.H. 50
from Maraekakaho to junction with
S
.H.
2 (40°0 l'S,
176°19'E), along S.H. 2 from junction with S.H. 50
to Manawatu R. crossing (40°03'S, 176°14'E). RI-
WA, along S.H. 2 from Manawatu R. crossing to
Woodville (40°20'S, 175°52'E), along S.H. 3 from
Woodville to entrance of Manawatu Gorge (40°20'S,
175°49'E). RI-WN, down Manawatu R. from en-
trance of Manawatu Gorge to junction with
Pohangina R.
TK, Taranaki. (TK-WO, see WO.) TK-TO,
straight line from Benneydale (38°32'S, 175°22'E)
to Waimiha Point (38°37'S, 175°19'E), down
Ongarue R. to Wanganui R. (38°54'S, 175°15'E),
down Wanganui R. to junction with Retaruke R.
(39°06'S,
175°04'E). TK-RI, down Wanganui R.
from Retaruke R. to junction with Tangarakau R.
(39°14'S,
174°53'E), straight line to Taurakawa
(Matemateaonga Range, 39°21'S, 174°41'E), down
WhenuakuraR. from source (39°20'S, 174°42'E) to
junction with Tawhiti Stm (39°35'S, 174°39'E). TK-
WI,
down Whenuakura R. from junction with
Tawhiti Stm to Tasman Sea.
TO,
Taupo. (TO-WO, see WO; TO-BP, see BP;
TO-TK, see TK.) TO-RI, up Retaruke R. from junc-
tion with Wanganui R. to Retaruke (39°07'S,
175°08'E), straight line from Retaruke to Mt Pipipi
(39°23'S,
175°14'E), straight line from Mt Pipipi to
Ohakune (39°25'S, 175°24'E), S.H. 49 from
Ohakune to Waiouru (39°29'S, 175°40'E), S.H. 1
from Waiouru to Te Moehau Rd (39°36'S,
175°46'E), Te Moehau Rd from S.H. 1 to
Moawhango (39°35'S, 175°51'E), Taihape-Napier
Rd from Moawhango to Ngaruroro R. crossing
(39°24'S,
176°20'E). TO-HB, up Ngaruroro R. from
Taihape-Napier Rd crossing to junction with Panoko
Stm (39°13'S, 176°1 l'E), straight line from Panoko
Stm-Ngaruroro R. junction to Mangapapa Stm
Downloaded by [63.216.145.10] at 15:45 29 January 2016
178New Zealand Journal
of
Zoology, 1998, Vol.
25
AK Auckland
BP Bay of Plenty
CL Corornandel
GB Gisborne
HB Hawkes Bay
ND Northland
Rl Rangitikei
TK Taranaki
TO Taupo
WA Wairarapa
Wl Wanganui
WN Wellington
WO Waikato
\
\ Little Barrier
I
awaJ,
I py,.
'Cuvier
I
Huntly^
Ta
WO Matamata.White
I
CapelRunawa)!
v_East Capi
Ml Messenger*
7 Ohur*Ta
Ml Egmont
a
#Stratfo
OpunakVKa5Uni»Ehha{"
Jerusalem 'Taihape
Wherwakura
R:' ~^~+.
Mangav«ka«
Downloaded by [63.216.145.10] at 15:45 29 January 2016
Crosby et al.—Area codes for New Zealand179
BR Buller
CO Central Otago
DN Dunedin
FD Fiordland
KA Kaikoura
MB Mariborough
MC Mid Canterbury
MK Mackenzie
NC North Canterbury
NN Nelson
OL Otago Lakes
SC South Canterbury
SD Mariborough Sounds
SI Stewart Island
SL Southland
WD Westland Franz Josef
oi Glacier]
\
Farewell Spit
ollingwood
Cobbe\
Riwaka
fa '
Hokitika/
/ Otira*p ^
Pass Culvfrden
PassWaiauR
Motunau I.
Waimakariri
R
Chnstchurch
Mr
Un/coln'
"rest\ AshfiSrton-'-S
F,Trlw N^ ^ %
. Waimate
Waitaki ft
Oamaru
Ounback
-45"
Secreta i
Big
Sou*
C»pi l»(ir<
167°
*»...-
Fig. 2-3 Area codes and collecting localities for mainland New Zealand: 2, North Island; 3, South Island. (Maps
reproduced with permission from Walker, A. K..; Crosby, T. K. 1988: The preparation and curation of insects. New
Zealand DSIR information series 163.)
Downloaded by [63.216.145.10] at 15:45 29 January 2016
180New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1998, Vol. 25
(39°09'S,
176°14'E), down Mangapapa Stm to
Mohaka R., down Mohaka R. to junction with Te
Hoe R. (39°02'S, 176°49'E). TO-GB, up Te Hoe R.
from Mohaka R. to Central Te Hoe Hut junction
(38°52'S,
176°46'E), straight line from Central Te
Hoe Hut to Tuwatawata (38°43'S, 176°45'E), along
Huiarau Range to S.H. 38 at Huiarau Summit
[Mapouriki (38°42'S, 176°49'E), Whakahau
(38°40'S,
176°54'E), Ruatahuna (38°40'S,
176°58'E)].
WA, Wairarapa. (WA-HB, see HB; WA-RI, see
RI;
WA-WN, see WN.)
WI,
Wanganui. (WI-TK, see TK.) WI-RI, straight
line from junction of Tawhiti Stm and Whenuakura
R. (39°35'S, 176°39'E) to Paparangi (39°42'S,
174°58'E), straight line from Paparangi to Otoko on
S.H. 4 (39°44'S, 175°20'E), straight line from Otoko
to Hunterville on S.H. 1 (39°56'S, 175°34'E),
straight line from Hunterville to Piripiri on
PohanginaR. (40°02'S, 175°58'E), down Pohangina
R. to Manawatu R. WI-WN, Tasman Sea, up
Manawatu R. to junction with Pohangina R.
WN, Wellington. (WN-WI, see WI; WN-RI, see
RI.) WN-WA, up Manawatu R. from entrance to
Manawatu Gorge (40°20'S, 175°49'E) to S.H. 2
crossing (40°24'S, 175°53'E), down S.H. 2 from
Manawatu R. crossing to Mount Bruce (40°45'S,
175°36'E), straight line from Mount Bruce to
Kaituna (40°54'S, 175°33'E), straight line from
Kaituna to Featherston (41°07'S, 175°20'E), down
Western Lake Rd from Featherston to Palliser Bay
(from Mount Bruce, boundary follows West
Wairarapa Fault Zone). Includes Kapiti I.
WO,
Waikato. (WO-AK, see AK; WO-CL, see
CL.) WO-BP, Paeroa, up Waihou R. to Okauia
South (37°49'S, 175°51'E), straight line between
Okauia South and Tokoroa (38°13'S, 175°52'E).
WO-TK, Tasman Sea, up Awakino R. to Mahoenui
(38°35'S,
174°5l'E), S.H. 3 from Mahoenui to Eight
Mile Junction (38°25'S, 175°07'E), up Mangapehi
Stm from Eight Mile Junction to Benneydale
(38°32'S,
175°22'E). WO-TO, straight line between
Benneydale and Paewhenua (38°16'S, 175°24'E),
straight line between Paewhenua and Tokoroa
(boundary approximates 300 m (1000 ft) contour).
South Island (Fig. 3)
BR, Buller. (BR-NN, see NN.) BR-MB, along
ridge of St Arnaud Range from junction of S.H. 63
and Wairau-Hanmer Springs Hydro Rd (41°46'S,
172°58'E) to Mt McKay (42°04'S, 172°44'E) [St
Arnaud, The Camel, Cotterell Peak, Kehu
Peak],
straight line between Mt McKay and source of
Waiau R. (42°07'S, 172°39'E), down Waiau R. to
junction with Hope R. (42°35'S, 172°33'E). BR-
WD,
Tasman Sea, up Taramakau R. to Harper Pass
(42°44'S,
171°53'E). BR-NC, along ridge of Main
Divide from Harper Pass to Amuri Pass (42°31'S,
172°H 'E), down Doubtful R. to junction with Boyle
R. (42°33'S, 172°21'E), down Boyle R. to junction
with Hope R. (42°36'S, 172°24'E), down Hope R.
to junction with Waiau R.
CO,
Central Otago. (CO-MK, see MK; CO-OL,
see OL.) CO-DN, straight line between east end of
L. Waitaki (44°42'S, 172°26'E) and Livingstone
(44°58'S,
170°35'E), straight line between
Livingstone and Dunback (45°23'S, 170c38'E),
straight line between Dunback and Middlemarch
(45°31'S,
170°08'E), along S.H. 87 from Middle-
march to Clarks Junction (45°44'S, 170°03'E),
straight line between Clarks Junction and Lawrence
(45°55'S,
169°41'E), along S.H. 8 from Lawrence
to CluthaR. crossing (45°50'S, 169°31'E). CO-SL,
straight line between Lumsden (45°45'S, 168°27'E)
and Waikaia (45°44'S, 168°51'E), straight line be-
tween Waikaia and Raes Junction (45°47'S,
169°28'E), along S.H. 8 from Raes Junction to
Clutha R. crossing.
DN,
Dunedin. (DN-SC, see SC; DN-CO, see CO.)
DN-SL, down Clutha R. from S.H. 8 crossing
(45°50'S,
169°31'E) to Pacific Ocean.
FD,
Fiordland. (FD-WD, see WD; FD-OL, see
OL.) FD-SL, down Waiau R. from Te Anau
(45°26'S,
167°43'E) to Foveaux Strait. Includes Sec-
retary I., Breaksea I., Resolution I., Anchor I., Great
I., and Chalky I.
KA, Kaikoura. (KA-MB, see MB.) KA-NC, down
Waiau R. from junction with Hanmer R. (42°35'S,
172°47'E) to Pacific Ocean.
MB,
Marlborough. (MB-SD, see SD; MB-NN, see
NN; MB-BR, see BR.) MB-NC, down Waiau R.
from Hope R. junction (42°35'S, 172°33'E) to junc-
tion with Hanmer R. (42°35'S, 172°47'E). MB-KA,
Cook Strait, up Awatere R. to Molesworth (42°05'S,
173°15'E), straight line between Molesworth and
Alma R.-AcheronR. junction (42°09'S, 173°05'E),
down Acheron R. to Clarence R. junction (42°24'S,
172°58'E), straight line between Acheron R.-
Clarence R. junction and Mt Percival (42°28'S,
172°56'E), down Boundary Stm to Hanmer R.
(42°33'S,
172°56'E), down Hanmer R. to junction
with Waiau R.
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Crosby et al.—Area codes for New Zealand181
MC,
Mid Canterbury. (MC-NC, see NC; MC-
WD,
see WD.) MC-SC, down Colin Campbell Gla-
cier from Mt Tyndall (43°19'S, 170°44'E) to Frances
R. (43°21'S, 170°46'E), down Frances R. to Clyde
R. junction (43°23'S, 170°47'E), down Clyde R. to
Rangitata R. junction (43°32'S, 170°50'E), down
Rangitata R. to Pacific Ocean.
MK, Mackenzie. (MK-WD, see WD; MK-SC, see
SC.) MK-OL, down ridges from source of Hunter
R. (43°59'S, 169°39'E) to Lindis Pass (44°36'S,
169°39'E) [Mt Huxley (44°05'S, 169°41'E), Mt
Barth (44°10'S, 169°36'E), Mt Rigel (44°11'S,
169°34'E),MtGladwish(44°19'S, 169°35'E), Birch
Hill (44°24'S, 169°33'E), Mt Martha (44°26'S,
169°33'E), MtMelina (44°27'S, 169°32'E), Longslip
Mt (44°32'S, 169°40'E)]. MK-CO, along S.H. 8
from Lindis Pass to junction with S.H. 83 (44°29'S,
169°58'E), along S.H. 83 from junction with S.H. 8
to east end of L. Waitaki (44°42'S, 172°26'E).
NC,
North Canterbury. (NC-BR, see BR; NC-
MB,
see MB; NC-KA, see KA; NC-WD, see WD.)
NC-MC, along ridge of Shaler and Black Ranges
from Mt Rosamond (42°56'S, 171°24'E) to Mt Bruce
(43°04'S,
171°37'E) [Mt Murchison (43°00'S,
171°23'E), Mt Harper (42°59'S, 171°25'E), Mt
Speight (43°00'S, 171°25'E), Mt Damfool (43°01'S,
171°27'E), Mid Hill (43°04'S, 171°35'E)], down
Broad Stm from Mt Bruce to junction with Wai-
makariri R. (43°01 'S, 171 °40'E), down Waimakariri
R. from Broad Stm junction to Pacific Ocean. In-
cludes Motunau I.
NN,
Nelson. NN-BR, Tasman Sea, up Buller R. to
S.H. 63 crossing near L. Rotoiti (41°47'S, 172°49'E),
along S.H. 63 from Buller R. crossing to junction
with Wairau-Hanmer Springs Hydro Rd (41°46'S,
172°58'E). NN-SD, Tasman Bay, along ridge from
Cape Soucis (41°03'S, 173°36'E) to S.H. 6 crossing
at Rai Saddle (41°12'S, 173°33'E) [Bush Hill,
Croisilles Hill, Castor
Peak].
NN-MB, along ridge
of Bryant and Richmond Ranges and Red Hills
Ridge from S.H. 6 crossing at Rai Saddle to junc-
tion of S.H. 63 and Wairau-Hanmer Springs Hydro
Rd [Mt Duppa, Saddle Hill, Maungatapu, Dun Mt,
The Rocks, Mt Stewart, Mt Gale, Mt Starveall, Mt
Rintoul, Bishops Cap, Ben Nevis, Mt Ellis, Red Hill,
Chrome].
Includes Pepin I., Adele I., Tonga I., and
Tata Is.
OL,
Otago Lakes. (OL-WD, see WD; OL-MK, see
MK.) OL-CO, along S.H. 8 from Lindis Pass
(44°36'S,
169°39'E) to Lindis R. junction (44°37'S,
169°32'E), straight line between S.H. 8-Lindis R.
junction to S.H. 6 at south end of
L.
Hawea (44°37'S,
169° 14'E), along S.H. 6 from south end of
L.
Hawea
to S.H. 89 junction near Wanaka (44°42'S,
169°10'E), along S.H. 89 from near Wanaka to junc-
tion with S.H. 6 at Arrow Junction (44°59'S,
168°51'E), along S.H. 6 from Arrow Junction to
Lumsden (45°44'S, 168°27'E). OL-FD, up Holly-
ford R. from Pyke R. junction (44°33'S, 168°10'E)
to junction with S.H. 94 (44°49'S, 168°06'E), along
S.H. 94 from S.H. 94-Hollyford R. junction to Te
Anau (45°25'S, 167°43'E). OL-SL, along S.H. 94
from Te Anau to Lumsden.
SC,
South Canterbury. (SC-WD, see WD; SC-
MC,
see MC.) SC-MK, along ridge of Two Thumb,
Rollesby, Dalgety, and Kirkliston Ranges and Gram-
pian Mountains from McClure Peak (43°26'S,
170°36'E) to Waitaki R. at east end of L. Waitaki
(44°42'S,
169°58'E) [Mt D'Archaic (43°28'S,
170°35'E), Mt Forbes (43°30'S, 170°35'E), Alma
(43°34'S,
170°44'E), The Thumbs (43°36'S,
170°44'E), Mt Toby (43°41'S, 170°43'E), Mt
Musgrave (43°48'S, 170°43'E), Mt Burgess
(44°03'S,
170°38'E), Mackenzie Pass (44°12'S,
170°37'E),MtDryburgh(44°40'S, 170°26'E)]. SC-
DN, down Waitaki R. from east end of L. Waitaki
to Pacific Ocean.
SD,
Malborough Sounds. (SD-NN, see NN.) SD-
MB,
along S.H. 6 from crossing at Rai Saddle
(41°12'S,
173°33'E)toRaiR.(4F13'S, 173°35'E),
down Rai R. from S.H. 6 at Rai Valley to Pelorus
R. junction (41°18'S, 173°34'E), down Pelorus R.
from Rai R. junction to Havelock (41°17'S,
173°46'E), up Kaituna R. from Havelock to Plunkett
Stm junction (41°20'S, 173°46'E), up Plunkett Stm
from Kaituna R. junction to source (41°21'S,
173°49'E), straight line between source of Plunkett
Stm and source of Waikakaho R. (41°22'S,
173°50'E), down Waikakaho R. to Wairau R.
(41°27'S,
173°54'E), down Wairau R. from
Waikakaho R. junction to Cook Strait. Includes
D'Urville I., Stephens I., Rangitoto Is, Chetwode Is,
Arapawa I., and The Brothers.
SI,
Stewart Island. Includes Solander I., Codfish I.,
Ruapuke I., and Mutton Bird Is.
SL,
Southland. (SL-OL, see OL; SL-CO, see CO;
SL-DN, see DN; SL-FD, see FD.) Includes Centre
I. and Dog I.
WD,
Westland. (WD-BR, see BR.) WD-NC, along
ridge of Main Divide from Harper Pass (42°44'S,
171
°53'E) to Mt Rosamond (43°57'S,
171
°24'E) [Mt
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182New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1998, Vol. 25
Byrne, Mt McRae, Mt Russel, Mt Franklin, Mt Tem-
ple,
Mt Rolleston, Mt Armstrong, Mt Campbell].
WD-MC, along ridge of Main Divide from Mt
Rosamond to Mt Tyndall (43°19'S, 170°44'E) [Mt
Beals,
Mt Eliot, Mt Tregear, Bonds Peak, Mt
Whitcombe, Mt Roberts, Blair Peak, Malcolm
Peak].
WD-SC, along ridge of Main Divide from Mt
Tyndall to McClure Peak (43°26'S, 170°37'E)
[Quain Peak, Mt Edison, Sword
Peak].
WD-MK,
along ridge of Main Divide from McClure Peak to
source of Hunter R. (43°59'S, 169°39'E) [Mt
Petermann, McKinnon Peak, Seymour Peak, Mt
Livingstone, Mt Mannering, Minarets, Mt Haast, Mt
Tasman, Mt Cook, La Perouse, Mt Sefton, Mt Isabel,
Mt Ward]. WD-OL, along ridge of Main Divide
from source of Hunter R. to junction of Pyke R. and
HollyfordR. (44°33'S, 168°10'E) [Mt Holdsworth,
Mt Brewster, Mt Armstrong, Haast Pass, Mt
Cameron, Mt Ellis, Mt Dreadful, Mt Alba, Mt
Pollux, Mt Aspiring]. WD-FD, down Hollyford R.
from Pyke R. junction to Tasman Sea (along south
side of L. McKerrow). Includes Open Bay Is.
AREA CODES FOR OUTER ISLAND
GROUPS (Fig. 1)
Latitude and longitude co-ordinates given refer to the
approximate centre of an island or island group.
AN Antipodes Islands (49°42'S, 178°47'E). In-
cludes Antipodes I. (49°42'S, 178°47'E), Bollons I.
(49°39'S,
178°40'E), Windward Is (49°41'S,
178°43'E), and Leeward I. (49°42'S, 178°49'E).
AU Auckland Islands (50°41'S, 166°05'E). In-
cludes Auckland I. (50°41'S, 166°05'E), Disappoint-
ment I. (50°36'S, 165°59'E), Adams I. (50°53'S,
166°03'E), Dundas I. (50°35'S, 166°20'E), Green I.
(50°34'S,
166°21'E), Yule I. (50°32'S, 166°19'E),
French I. (50°32'S, 166°17'E), Ewing I. (50°31'S,
166°18'E), Ocean I. (5O°31'S, 166°16'E), Rose I.
(50°31'S,
166°15'E), and Enderby I. (50°30'S,
166°18'E).
BO Bounty Islands (47°45'S, 179°02'E). Includes
Main Group—Spider I., Depot I., Proclamation I.,
Tunnel I., Ranfurley I., Lion I., Ruatara I., Penguin
I., Skua Rock (47°45'S, 179°02'E), Centre Group-
Funnel I., Prion I., Castle I. (47°46'S, 179°03'E), and
East Group—North Rock, Molly Cap (47°46'S,
179°04'E).
CA Campbell Island (52°33'S, 169°09'E). In-
cludes Campbell I. (52°33'S, 169°09'E), Dent I.
(52°31'S,
169°03'E), Hook Keys (52°33'S,
168°59'E), Wasp I. (52°35'S, 169°01'E), Monowai
I. (52°34'S, 169°03'E), Survey I. (52°35'S,
169°04'E), Jacquemart I. (52°37'S, 169°08'E), La
Botte (52°36'S, 169°08'E), Isle de Jeanette Marie
(52°28'S,
169°08'E), and Gomez I. (52°30'S,
169°07'E).
CH Chatham Islands (43°57'S, 176°35'W). In-
cludes Chatham I. (43°57'S, 176°35'W), Te Wakaru
I. (43°44'S, 176°12'W), The Sisters or Rangitatahi
(43°34'S,
176°49'W),PittI. orRangiauria(44°17'S,
176° 14'W), Mangere I. (44° 16'S, 176° 17'W), Little
Mangere I. or Tapuaenuku (44°17'S, 176°19'W),
The Castle or Rangiwheau (44°17'S, 176°20'W),
South East I. or Rangatira
(44°21
% 176° 10'W), The
Pyramid or Tarakoikoia (44°26'S, 176° 14'W), and
the Forty Fours or Motuhara (43°48'S, 175°50'W).
KE Kermadec Islands (29°17'S, 177°55'W). In-
cludes Raoul I. (29°16'S, 177°55'W), Meyer Is
(29°15'S,
177°52'W), Napier I. (29°14'S,
177°52'W), Nugent I. (29°14'S, 177°52'W), Herald
Islets (29°15'S, 177°51'W), Chanter Is (29°15'S,
177°51'W), Macauley I. (30°14'S, 178°24'W),
Cheeseman I. (30°32'S, 178°35'W), Curtis I.
(30°32'S,
178°34'W), and Havre Rock and
L'Esperance Rock (31°21'S, 1
SN The Snares Islands (48°01'S, 166°36'E). In-
cludes North East I. (48°01'S, 166°36'E), Broughton
I. (48°02'S, 166°37'E), Alert Stack (48°02'S,
166°34'E), Daption Rocks (48°00'S, 166°36'E),
Vancouver Rock (48°02'S, 166°32'E), and Western
Chain—Tahi, Rua, Toru, Wha, Rima (48°03'S,
166°31'E).
TH Three Kings Islands (34°10'S, 172°08'E).
Includes Great I. or Manawa Tawhi (34°10'S,
172°08'E), North East I. (34°08'S, 172°10'E), South
West I. (34°11'S, 172°04'E), Princes Is (34°10'S,
172°03'E), and West I. (34°
1
l'S, 172°02'E).
GENERAL CODES
NO North Island. The only distribution informa-
tion known is that the specimen was collected in the
North Island.
SO South Island (including Stewart Island). The
only distribution information known is that the speci-
men was collected in the South Island.
NZ New Zealand. The only distribution informa-
tion known is that the specimen was collected in
New Zealand.
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Crosby et al.—Area codes for New Zealand183
RO Ross Dependency. The area 66c00'S to
90°00'S,
and 160°00'E to 150°00'W. Includes
Balleny Is (67°00'S, 164°00'E).
queries the accuracy of the information stating that
the specimen was from a locality in that area, since
such a distribution does not appear to be correct on
the basis of current knowledge.
USING AREA CODES FOR LOCALITIES
WHICH ARE IMPRECISELY KNOWN
Locality information associated with some speci-
mens,
especially older ones, may be lacking, impre-
cise,
or ambiguous, or it may appear to be incorrect
on the basis of current knowledge. In such instances
we propose that for specimens in NZAC a question
mark (?) be used to indicate the doubtful status of
the area code information, as follows.
A question mark after an area code, e.g., CH?,
means that a specimen is suspected to be from that
area although it is not certain from the locality in-
formation with the specimen. When used with "NO",
"SO",
and "NZ", the question mark means that the
species is suspected to occur throughout the North
Island, South Island, or New Zealand, respectively.
A question mark before an area code, e.g., ?CH,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank John Marris and Rowan Emberson (Lincoln
University) for ideas about area codes for the islands
groups, and Lindsay Hawke (MAF Quality Management,
Lincoln) for suggestions about additional codes and their
use in computer databases. We also thank the editor for
encouraging us to include the original area codes
boundary definitions in this paper. This work was
supported by the Foundation for Research, Science and
Technology under contract no.
C09401.
REFERENCE
Crosby, T. K.; Dugdale, J. S.; Watt, J. C. 1976: Record-
ing specimen localities in New Zealand: an arbi-
trary system of areas and codes defined. New
Zealand journal of zoology 3: 69 + map.
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