A checklist of Crustacea Decapoda collected from Conic Island Cave and adjacent areas of Hong Kong

Abstract

During October 2002, the benthic communities of Conic Island Cave and the adjacent sea area of Hong Kong were sampled by SCUBA divers. Twenty genera and 21 decapod species were identified with seven species being reported from Hong Kong for the first time.

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A checklist of Crustacea Decapoda collected from Conic
Island Cave and adjacent areas of Hong Kong
Paul F. Clark a; Peter K. L. Ng b; Charles H. J. M. Fransen c; Patsy A. McLaughlin
d; Peter C. Dworschak e; Keiji Baba f
aDepartment of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
bDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
cNationaal Natuurhistorish Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands
dShannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, Anacortes
eNaturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria
fFaculty of Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Online Publication Date: 01 January 2008
To cite this Article: Clark, Paul F., Ng, Peter K. L., Fransen, Charles H. J. M.,
McLaughlin, Patsy A., Dworschak, Peter C. and Baba, Keiji (2008) 'A checklist of Crustacea Decapoda collected from
Conic Island Cave and adjacent areas of Hong Kong', Journal of Natural History, 42:9, 913 — 926
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A checklist of Crustacea Decapoda collected from Conic Island Cave
and adjacent areas of Hong Kong
Paul F. Clark
a
*, Peter K.L. Ng
b
, Charles H.J.M. Fransen
c
, Patsy A. McLaughlin
d
,
Peter C. Dworschak
e
and Keiji Baba
f
a
Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London, UK;
b
Department of
Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
c
Nationaal Natuurhistorish
Museum, Leiden, The Netherlands;
d
Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington
University, Anacortes, USA;
e
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria;
f
Faculty of
Education, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
During October 2002, the benthic communities of Conic Island Cave and the
adjacent sea area of Hong Kong were sampled by SCUBA divers. Twenty genera
and 21 decapod species were identified with seven species being reported from
Hong Kong for the first time.
Keywords: checklist; Decapoda; Conic Island Cave; Hong Kong
Introduction
Towards the end of October 2002, a group of scientists was invited by Brian
Morton and Roger Bamber to a workshop at the Swire Marine Laboratory,
Cape D’Aguilar, Hong Kong to investigate the fauna of Conic Island Cave,
Hong Kong. SCUBA divers entered the cave to sample the benthic communities and
the epifauna on the side and roof of the cave. Sea areas adjacent to the cave were also
sampled. Sixty-two decapods were collected during this survey. These were
identified, assigned to twenty genera and twenty-one species. Seven species, five
brachyurans and two anomurans, are reported from Hong Kong for the first time.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a checklist of the decapods collected during
the survey.
Specimens examined are deposited in the Natural History Museum (NHM),
London; Zoological Reference Collection (ZRC) of the Raffles Museum, National
University of Singapore; Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum (ex Rijksmuseum van
Natuurlijke Historie, RMNH), Leiden; Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien
(NHMW), Austria; Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen
(ZMUC), Denmark. Abbreviations used: CL5carapace length, coll.5collected,
juv.5juvenile, ovig.5ovigerous, PL5the length of the major cheliped, TL5total
length of specimen from tip of rostrum to the end of telson.
*Corresponding author. Email: p.clark@nhm.ac.uk
Journal of Natural History
Vol. 42, Nos. 9–12, March 2008, 913–926
ISSN 0022-2933 print/ISSN 1464-5262 online
#2008 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/00222930701850570
http://www.informaworld.com

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Suborder DENDROBRANCHIATA
Family PENAEIDAE
Penaeidae sp.
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 juv. (RMNH D 50576),
coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
The specimen is small and therefore it is not possible to assign it to a genus with any
accuracy.
Infraorder CARIDEA
Family ALPHEIDAE
Alpheus hippothoe De Man, 1888
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 ovig. R(CL. 11.4 mm
missing major chela), coll. 22 October 2002, 12.4m; 1 ovig. RCL. 6.9 mm (NHM
2004.2571), coll. 25 October 2002, 11.1m.
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.430N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen, CL.
2.8 mm (NHM 2004.2572), coll. 26 October 2002, 16 m.
Remarks
This species is known from the Red Sea and East Africa to Japan, Philippines,
Indonesia and Australia, usually found in shallow water in the interstices of dead
coral.
Alpheus rapacida De Man, 1908
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (CL. 3.1 mm),
(RMNH D 50577), coll. 25 October 2002.
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.43.0N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen, coll. 26
October 2002, 16m.
Remarks
This alpheid is part of the A. brevirostris species group that has no transverse groove
on the upper border of the palm of the large chela. Its major chela is about four times
longer than broad, the carapace is smooth, and the third, fourth and fifth pereiopods
have long spatulate dactyli. In the key to the Indo-West Pacific alpheid shrimps of
the brevirostris species group provided by Bruce (1994, 23), the specimen keys out
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with A. rapacida De Man, 1908. Alpheus rapacida is known throughout the tropical
Indo-West Pacific, living in self-made burrows on sandy and muddy bottoms in
depths of 5 to 56 m.
The present specimen differs from the description of A. rapacida by De Man
(1908, 1911) in having the first and second carpal segments of the second pereiopods
of equal length while in A. rapacida the second carpal segment is 1.2 times longer
than the first.
Synalpheus sp.
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 2 juv. specimens, coll. 21
October 2002.
Synalpheus hastilicrassus Coutie`re, 1905
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 5 specimens (NHM
2004.2576), coll. 25 October 2002; 1 specimen (RMNH D 50578), coll. 25 October
2002; 2 specimens (NHM 2004.2578), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific in depths between a few and 100 metres.
Occurs in interstices of living coral heads and living in sponges.
Synalpheus neomeris (De Man, 1897)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 6 specimens (26RMNH
D 50579; 46NHM 2004.2573), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
This species is known throughout the Indo-West Pacific in depths of a few to over
100 metres. It is usually found living in association with alcyonarians, but is also
found with bryozoans and sponges.
Synalpheus streptodactylus Coutie`re, 1905
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 3 specimens (16RMNH
D 50580; 26NHM 2004.2574), coll. 21 October 2002; 1 RCL 3.4 mm (abdomen
partly broken off), (NHM 2004.2577), coll. 25 October 2002.
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Remarks
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, occurring in shallow water. Associated
with sponges.
Family PALAEMONIDAE
Palaemonella rotumana (Borradaile, 1898)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 2 specimens (RMNH D
50581), coll. 21 October 2002; 1 specimen (NHM 2004.2569), coll. 22 October 2002;
1 specimen (NHM 2004.2570), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
Palaemonella rotumana is a browser found inside sponges, and its presence here in
and around the cave epifauna is not unexpected. This species is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific.
Family HIPPOLYTIDAE
Thor paschalis (Heller, 1862)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 juv. (NHM 2004.2575),
coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
This genus is widely distributed in shallow waters of the Indo-West Pacific. The
present specimen is small but can be identified to species.
Infraorder THALASSINIDEA
Family CALLIANASSIDAE
Subfamily CALLIANASSINAE
(sensu Manning & Felder, 1991)
Callianassa sp.
Material examined
Long Kei Wan, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 „? (NHM 2003.1058), 1 R,
13.7 mm (NHMW 19899), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
Both specimens are small, but the larger specimen (TL55.3 mm, CL51.5 mm) has a
small rostral projection, uniramous pleopod1 and biramous pleopod2, the female
gonopore being present. The two detached chelipeds (PL50.4 mm right,
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PL50.27 mm left) probably belong to this specimen. The smaller specimen
(TL54.1 mm, CL51.1 mm) has almost no rostrum projection and lacks pleopod1+2
and a female gonopore (so the sex is not known).
All chelipeds have a median meral spine, with small spines on the cutting edges of
the fixed finger and the ischium is unarmed. The eyestalks are relatively large, with
the cornea distinct and almost terminal in position (juvenile). The rostral projection
is relatively short in the larger specimen and not visible in the smaller specimen. The
third maxilliped is operculiform, with the merus slightly projecting beyond the
articulation, the crista dentata with only a few spines (juvenile condition). The
antenna peduncle is slightly longer than the antennule, with the antennular flagellum
shorter than the peduncle. The specimens are juveniles (many characters are not yet
fully developed: pleopods1+2, eyestalks, rostral projection, spination of pereiopod1
merus etc.) and too small to be identified.
Even assignment to one of the genera recognised by Manning and Felder (1991)
and Poore (1994) for these specimens is difficult for the reason given above, and the
fact that some genera are also weakly defined. As things remain, the specimens key
out to Biffarius in Poore (1994) but do not fit exactly, as they will probably develop
longer rostral projections when larger. The alternative would be Pseudobiffarius,a
genus erected by Heard and Manning (2000), but specimens do not fit exactly with
regards to the form of the antennae and pleopods1+2. Sakai (1999b) synonymised
Biffarius (and all genera attributed to the subfamily Callianassinae) with Callianassa.
However, Callianassa [sensu lato] is considered to be a polyphyletic clade, with
species included as listed in Tudge et al. (2000), but not in the sense of Sakai (1999b)
– see Ngoc-Ho (2003) and Dworschak (2003). In any case the genera within the
Callianassidae still require revision.
Infraorder ANOMURA
Family PAGURIDAE
Pagurus hedleyi (Grant & McCulloch, 1906)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.971), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
Pagurus hedleyi and P. kulkarnii Sankolli, 1962 look very much alike and the small
size of the present specimen and absence of colour make its precise identification
difficult. Although both occur in Hong Kong, the characters of the present specimen
more likely identify it as P. hedleyi.
Pagurus imaii (Yokoya, 1939)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.970), coll. 22 October 2002.
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Remarks
The specimen here is a very small female. To date this species is known only from
Japan and this is therefore the first record from Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the
combination of characters of the present specimen show that it is P. imaii as
presently understood. Komai (1999) transferred Pagurus imaii to Parapagurodes, but
Mclaughlin and Asakura (2004) referred it back to Pagurus.
Anapagrides sp.
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2002.968), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
The present specimen is a male with a regenerating right cheliped. While reasonably
confident of the generic placement, this can only be confirmed with a female; and
more specimens will be needed to ascertain the identity of the species.
Family PORCELLANIDAE
Petrolisthes boscii (Audouin, 1826)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.974), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
Reported from Hong Kong by Haig (1992). Widely dispersed from Red Sea, Persian
Gulf, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and Fiji Islands.
Pisidia gordoni Johnson, 1970
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.977), 21 October 2002; 1 specimen (NHM 2003.973), coll. 22 October 2002.
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.430N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.975), coll. 26 October 2002, 12m.
Remarks
The specimen collected on 22 October has no carapace, antennae or antennules, and
its placement here is tentative. Reported from Hong Kong by Haig (1992). Widely
reported from Red Sea, East Africa, Arabian Gulf, Hong Kong, Thailand,
Singapore and Australia.
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Pisidia serratifrons (Stimpson, 1858)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.976), coll. 21 October 2002.
Remarks
Reported from Hong Kong by Haig (1992). Reported from Korea, China and
Japan.
Pisidia cf. dispar (Stimpson, 1858)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NMH
2003.972), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
There is only one very small ovigerous female that has only one cheliped and one
ambulatory leg left. As such, its identity here is tentative. Reported from Hong Kong
by Haig (1992). Distribution from Hong Kong to Japan, southwards Australia and
east to Fiji.
Enosteoides ornatus (Stimpson, 1858)
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 specimen (NHM
2003.969), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
Only one tiny specimen, probably a juvenile, is available for study. Reported from
Hong Kong by Haig (1992). Distribution from Korea to Japan, Singapore to
Australia.
Family GALATHEIDAE
Galathea ohshimai Miyake & Baba, 1967
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 R(NHM 2004.305), coll.
21 October 2002.
Remarks
This female is the first record of the species from Hong Kong. It was previously
recorded from the Palau Islands (type locality), Moluccas and New Caledonia.
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Galathea orientalis Stimpson, 1858
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 R(NHM 204.304), coll.
21 October 2002; 1 „(NHM 2004.303), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
This species was first described from Hong Kong, and is now known from Japan
including the Bonin islands, Korea, East China Sea including Tawain, South China
Sea, and Western Australia. The material reported by Tirmizi (1966) from the Red
Sea and South Arabian Sea may in all probability be identical with G. anepipoda
Baba, 1990.
Infraorder BRACHYURA
Family MAJIDAE
Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887
Material examined
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.430N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 „(7.565.3 mm) (NHM
2003.696), inside epifauna, coll. 26 October 2002, 12 m.
Remarks
This is a common species with a wide distribution from the western Indian Ocean to
Hawaii (Griffin and Tranter 1986; 147), although it has not been previously recorded
from Hong Kong. The gonopod1 structure of the male specimen is diagnostic (cf.
Griffin and Tranter 1986; Fig. 42h, I).
Family ERIPHIIDAE
Sphaerozius nitidus Stimpson, 1858
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 R(11.668.5 mm)
(NHM 2003.698), coll. 22 October 2002.
Remarks
This is a well known species associated with fouling organisms, preferring areas with
relatively fast flowing waters. Hong Kong is its type locality (see also Stimpson
1907). Only one species is currently recognized in the current literature, S. nitidus
Stimpson, 1858, in Sphaerozius Stimpson, 1858, but indications are that there are at
least two taxa. Examination of the syntypes of one of the purported synonyms,
Cancer scaber Fabricius, 1798, in ZMUC (1 „, 15.5612.3 mm, Cru 112-4; 1 „,
18.0614.0 mm, Cru 112-1; 1 R, 18.4614.2 mm, Cru 112-2; 1 R, 18.4614.2 mm,
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112-3; 1 R, 17.7613.5 mm, Cru 112-5; ‘‘India Orientali’’, Dom. Daldorff) suggests it
is a distinct species, distinguished most easily by its far more granulose carapace. For
this present study a good series of specimens was examined and these are referable to
S. nitidus, from Singapore, Malaysia and southern China. Sakai (1999a, 31)
recognised Sphaerozius panope (Herbst, 1801) as a distinct species in his reappraisal
of Herbst’s taxa, but from his figure (Sakai, 1999a: pl. 16C), it is clear that it is the
same as Sphaerozius scabrus (Fabricius, 1798). Pilumnopeus granulosus Miers, 1880,
is also probably the same taxon.
With regard to the other junior synonyms of S. nitidus,viz.Actumnus nudus A.
Milne-Edwards, 1867, Menippe ortmanni De Man, 1899, Menippe convexa Rathbun,
1894, and Sphaerozius oeschi Ward, 1941, all appear to be identical with what is here
recognized as S. nitidus. In any case, a revision is clearly necessary
Family XANTHIDAE
Epiactaea nodulosa (White, 1848)
Material examined
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.430N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 „(7.765.3 mm) (NHM
2003.699), coll. 26 October 2002, 12 m; 1 „(12.168.6 mm) (NHM 2003.697).
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u23947.200N 114u20908.70E, Hong Kong; 1 „(11.568.2 mm)
(ZRC 2003.0345), coll. 26 October 2002, 16 m.
Remarks
The genus Epiactaea Sere`ne, 1984, was established for three species, Actaea bullifera
Alcock, 1898, Actaea margaritifera Odhner, 1925, and Actaea nodulosa White, 1848 (type
species). The most often reported is E. nodulosa (Actaea pisigera Nobili, 1905, is a
subjective synonym) which has been recorded from various parts of the Indian Ocean
and Southeast Asia. Its presence in Hong Kong and China is, however, new.
Genus Pilumnidae
Actumnus elegans De Man, 1888
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N 114u239220E, Hong Kong; 1 R(6.665.0 mm) (ZRC
2003.0344), coll. 25 October 2002; 1 young R(4.563.5 mm) (NHM 2003.700), coll.
21 October 2002.
Remarks
This is a species typically associated with epifauna and sponges, often in areas with
faster flowing waters (see Goh et al. 1990). The rounded carapace with the low and
serrated anterolateral lobes, as well as the simple gonopod1 with a straight distal
part, and truncate tip are diagnostic characters (Takeda and Miyake 1969). Its
presence in Hong Kong is recorded for the first time. This species may need assigning
to its own genus.
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Nanopilumnus rouxi (Balss, 1935)
Material examined
Hoi Ha Wan, 22u28947.430N 114u20908.80E, Hong Kong; 1 „(3.762.6 mm) (NHM
2003.701), coll. 26 October 2002, 12 m.
Remarks
Takeda (1974) established Nanopilumnus for six species previously placed in other
genera, with Medaeus rouxi Balss, 1935, as the type species. Nanopilumnus rouxi has
been reported from India, Singapore, Japan and now Hong Kong.
Latopilumnus conicus Ng & Clark, 2008
Material examined
Conic Island Cave, 22u219540N114u239220E, Hong Kong, 2 „„ (3.962.8 mm,
3.362.3 mm), 2 RR (4.863.3 mm, 5.063.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.0343), coll. 25 October
2002; 1 ovig. R(3.262.2 mm) (NHM 2003.689), coll. 21 October 2002; 1 „
(3.862.8 mm), 2 RR (4.062.8 mm, 3.362.3 mm) (NHM 2003.692–694), coll. 21
October 2002; 1 „(3.662.6 mm) (NHM 2003.695), coll. 22 October 2002; 1 „
(4.963.3 mm), 1 ovig. R(3.662.7 mm) (NHM 2003.690–691), coll. 21 October 2002;
1„juv. (NHM 2003.978), coll. 25 October 2002.
Remarks
This is a new species for Hong Kong. The detailed taxonomy of this species is treated
elsewhere in this volume (see Ng and Clark 2008).
Discusssion
The present records from Conic Island are interesting in that several of them (Pisidia
serratifrons (Stimpson, 1858), Enosteoides ornatus (Stimpson, 1858), Galathea
orientalis Stimpson, 1858, Sphaerozius nitidus Stimpson, 1858) are species which
were originally described from or near Hong Kong and important for future
taxonomic work, especially since most of Stimpson’s (1858a,b) types are no longer
extant. Also of interest is the fact that the anomuran and brachyuran crab fauna of
Hong Kong is still not that well studied, with seven of the specimens collected,
Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887, Epiactaea nodulosa (White, 1848), Actumnus
elegans De Man, 1888, Nanopilumnus rouxi (Balss, 1935), Latopilumnus malardi (De
Man, 1913), Pagurus imaii (Yokoya, 1939) and Galathea ohshimai Miyake & Baba,
1967, being new records.
None of the species treated here can be considered to be a true cavernicolous
dweller, and all have been previously reported from more open habitats. A good
number of them, however, are clearly closely associated with fouling communities as
well as being interstitial occupants of sponges and rocks; this suggests that this habit
would deserve more attention in future surveys of Hong Kong. Certainly, much of
the earlier published work on Hong Kong decapod crustaceans from subtidal waters
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has been based on the collections of trawlers and from diving in more exposed
habitats.
Acknowledgements
P.F.C. thanks Brian Morton and Roger Bamber for arranging funds, fieldwork and
publication of the results.
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