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Sustainable Development and the International Whaling Commission's Moratorium on Commercial Whaling
Abstract
To many observers, the moratorium on commercial whaling, which came into force under the aegis of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 1986, is both a moral and an environmental victory. Moreover, many governments have found it to be an advantageous, easy and costless policy to support. However, a critical analysis of the diverse viewpoints of IWC member states, especially those expressed by the delegations of the United Kingdom, Norway and Japan at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the IWC in Aberdeen, raises doubts about the moral and practical coherence of the arguments supporting the continuation of the moratorium. In this paper, these doubts will be rehearsed, and an alternative policy to that of the moratorium—sustainable resource management—is put forward as founded on a more coherent moral and practicable basis.
... Such a ruling would upset the balance of the seas, causing many to starve. But Cotterrell and Gray (1998) misrepresent the problem, and the solution. Protecting whales from human beings is not comparable to protecting krill from whales. ...
... entrism's strong valuation of human beings' (Lynn, 1998b, p. 10). It is difficult to imagine Lynn writing 'I have no problem with racism's strong valuation of whites'! Indeed, 'our value paradigms regarding animals are usually presuppositional, influencing our moral sensibilities in ways we may not intend or fully understand' (Lynn, 1998a, p. 235). Cotterrell and Gray's (1998) article denies the validity of rights-based protection for whales over and against Makah whaling. But their assessment of the rights-based view is flawed, as noted, and bias prevents a fair treatment of the Makah controversy. They dismiss those who consider whale-eating 'primitive and uncivilized', 'gluttonous', and 'barbaric' as 'nothi ...
This paper investigates consistency in applied moral philosophy with regard to the recent controversy over Makah whaling in the state of Washington. The first part presents both sides of the controversy. The second part examines the meaning of ‘tradition’ and distinguishes between ‘new’ and ‘old’ traditions. The third part explores what might constitute moral consistency for the Makah and what might constitute moral consistency for the larger community.
... Kalland highlighted the diversity of cetaceans and their possible multiple relations to human beings (Cotterrell and Gray, 1998;Mullin, 1999). There are two types of whales: baleen whales are those without any teeth, in contrast to the toothed whales. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to discuss how whale meat foodways in Japan is a local practice, contrary to the prevailing political belief that it is national, and to examine two local whale meat foodways in Japan by focusing on the usage of blubber. To understand complexity of whaling issue, one needs to be careful of species rather than general “whale.”
Design/methodology/approach
By investigating two kinds of recipe books, one published in the early 19th century and the other the early 20th century on whale meat dish, the paper clarifies blubber has been widely consumed rather than lean meat, and blubber was more important than lean meat as whale meat.
Findings
The western part of Japan has rich whale meat foodways compared to other parts of Japan. It is because of their history of whaling since the 17th century. They have inherited rich whale meat foodways.
Originality/value
Although whale sashimi and deep-fried lean meat are popular nationwide regardless of their communities' history, former whaling communities in the western part of Japan developed a preference for blubber, skin, tongue and offal over lean meat. Whale meat foodways in Japan, therefore, is a local heritage. This fact should be the starting point for analyzing Japanese whaling and whale meat foodways.
Gross overcatching of whales in the Antarctic resulted in a series of international agreements in the 1930s designed primarily to control oil output and so to ensure a stable market. These agreements led to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, signed in 1946. The interests of the industry were paramount in setting catch quotas, so that the major stocks were seriously depleted. A more conservative approach initiated in 1965 has led to the present management policy of the IWC which is aimed at bringing all whale stocks to the levels providing the maximum sustainable long-term yields. The author analyses the issues and implications surrounding these developments.