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The Micropolitics of personal national and ethnicity identity
Abstract
This article uncovers explicit simultaneous identity construction by applying Scollon and Scollon's (2001) notion of Discourse System and Multimodal Interaction Analysis (Norris, 2004a, 2004b). As a contribution to the theoretical discussion, this article investigates the micropolitics of personal national and ethnicity identity construction of Hispanic/Latino Americans in the Greater Washington DC area as a way of explicating a multimodal framework. This framework allows for the incorporation of multiple modes of communication into a discourse study, explicating how personal national and ethnicity identity can be misunderstood with far-reaching consequences. Turning towards a practical use of the theoretical knowledge, this article is relevant to societal discourses in which members from different cultural backgrounds interact, i.e. to any kind of intercultural scenario in the broadest sense. As such, the article suggests that educating diverse communities about simultaneous identity construction would result in a positive change and a possible solution to the discrepancies that can be found in communities, small groups and families.
... The changing meaning and salience of social identities is one of the key issues being intensively researched and discussed (Studenna-Skrukwa 2014;Shevel 2018;Kulyk 2019). Yet, recent publications focus mostly on the reconstitution of identities in Ukrainian society as a whole or in selected macro-regions (centre, southeast, Donbas) (Onuch et al. 2018;Onuch & Hale 2018;Kulyk 2018;Pop-Eleches & Robertson 2018), while the impact of internally displaced persons on those processes is often overlooked. ...
... The changing meaning and salience of social identities is one of the key issues being intensively researched and discussed (Studenna-Skrukwa 2014;Shevel 2018;Kulyk 2019). Yet, recent publications focus mostly on the reconstitution of identities in Ukrainian society as a whole or in selected macro-regions (centre, southeast, Donbas) (Onuch et al. 2018;Onuch & Hale 2018;Kulyk 2018;Pop-Eleches & Robertson 2018), while the impact of internally displaced persons on those processes is often overlooked. ...
... First, this essay adds to the growing literature conceptualising changes in Ukrainian society in the wake of the Euromaidan, focusing on Ukrainian IDPs (Ivashchenko-Stadnik 2017; Bulakh 2017; Uehling 2017) as well as on identity-making processes in Ukraine (Knott 2015;Arel 2018;Sasse & Lackner 2018). Second, it contributes to the burgeoning body of research on culture, identity, belonging and everyday nationhood (Brubaker et al. 2006;Norris 2007;Skey 2011;Goode & Stroup 2015). The phenomenon of IDPs in Ukraine is very recent, although it has already been addressed by Ukrainian and Western scholars, who have focused on estimating the scope of the displacement both in Ukraine and Russia (Ivashchenko-Stadnik 2015;Tilikina 2016;Stegniy et al. 2016), the specifics of how individual IDPs have adapted (Mikheieva & Sereda 2015), their urgent social welfare needs (Semigina & Gusak 2015;Korzhov 2017), and analysis of policies and legal support (Ianova 2017;Woroniecka-Krzyzanowska & Nika 2017). ...
Following the 2013–2014 protests against then Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych, Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the armed conflict in Donbas, one of the major challenges for Ukrainian society has been the displacement of over two million of its inhabitants. In 2015, at the peak of the displacement, Ukraine found itself among the five countries in the world, after Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Nigeria, with the highest number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) associated with conflict and violence, and it continues to rank highest in Europe. Very little research has been done to provide a detailed analysis of how internally displaced persons living in Ukraine and outside the country claim and negotiate their belonging in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity and the ensuing war. Feeling of belonging is constructed through a relational process of self- and external categorisation and depends on acknowledgement by other members of the chosen group, therefore this essay also examines the strength and regional specificity of the social distancing towards different groups of Ukrainian IDPs.
... LP documents can be viewed as snap shots of the language ideologies current at the time the textual artefact is produced. In that respect, LP documents are 'frozen actions' (Hult, 2015;Norris, 2007). In the formulation of policy, prevalent perspectives on language in the society and in the debates leading up to the moment in time when ideology is committed to paper as policy, can be traced in the textual artefacts. ...
... All documents were manually coded and analyzed in order to identify the 'frozen actions' (Norris, 2007) and capture the intersecting discourses within such policy actions (Hult, 2015). Following Auerbach and Silverstein (2003), our coding was informed by the purpose of the study. ...
... Drawing on Hult and Hornberger (2016) we have analyzed the LP documents in regards to underpinning perspectives in relation to languages as a (i) problem, (ii) right and (iii) resource. These perspectives are understood as hidden ideological agendas, manifested as 'frozen actions' (Hult, 2015;Norris, 2007). By analyzing the LP documents in this respect, we have demonstrated how restrictive and permissive ideological contexts within the policies can advocate monolingual as well as multilingual practices. ...
This article examines Language Policy documents within higher
education institutions in Sweden. Its main focus is on how
national language policies and policies for internationalization of
the higher education are reinterpreted as local language policy.
The analysis of ideologies surrounding the prescribed language(s)
in meetings of decision making bodies in
fi
fteen local Language
Policy documents reveals how a monolingual national language
policy is negotiated to accommodate an internationalized
multilingual workplace. When the multilingual context of the
internationalized university intrudes on the nationally oriented
context of public administration, which favors Swedish as a
default language, there are two solutions to be found in the
language policy documents. (1) a temporary or permanent shift
towards an internationally oriented monolingual context by
allowing the use of another language, favoring English, or (2) a
temporary or permanent shift towards parallel language-informed
practices. Restrictive measures are found to construct situations
where participation is made possible for non-regular non-
Swedish-speaking members, while permissive measures provide
inclusion for regular non-Swedish-speaking members, too.
... Furthermore, Norris considers that individuals can activate a different ethnic identity depending on the context: they might stress their Colombian origin in a more private setting while they could make use of a Hispanic pan-ethnic identity in a socio-political context in order to achieve and struggle for certain political goals (Norris 2007). As we can see, the concept of ethnicity does not prove to be a very effective way to throw light on the term. ...
... That is, it should be part of their primary discourse. It is also worth mentioning that Norris (2007) and Rojas-Guyler et al. (2004) use Latino as a keyword but not in the main text, so we decided to discard it too, since the decision to incorporate the term might have been editorial. The table seems to confirm the initial hypothesis that academic journals opt for Hispanic. ...
... Conversely, 58.62% use Hispanic alone, a total of 34 papers. The remainder offers a heterogeneous picture: one text uses only Latino, but Hispanic is the choice for the title (Sivan et al. 2008), another one uses the combination Hispanic/Latino throughout (Norris 2007) and a total of twenty texts combine Latino and Hispanic, that is, 34.48% of the total. However, in seven texts the term Latino is used only once, twice or three times at the most. ...
This paper addresses the issue of terms, namely Latin American, Hispanic and Latino, whose definitions are affected by social, economic, historical and ideological factors and which are at the crossroads of two or more disciplines. Definitions will be provided, using the Merriam-Webster for American English, the Oxford Dictionary for British English, and the Diccionario de la Real Academia for Spanish. The concept of ethnicity, introduced by the US Census Office in the 1970s to identify the Hispanic minority, will also be dealt with. The next section will examine the preferred choices of usage in academic journals in two broad areas, the Social Sciences on the one hand, and the Medical and Nursing professions on the others. It covers a total of 58 academic papers from two distinct periods, 2000–2005 and 2006–2010, in order to establish whether the terms are used consistently in the two broad areas, and whether there are major differences in use in the two time spans. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the findings, a reference to other activities that can be affected by the ambiguities of the definitions, and suggestions for further research.
... One is a conceptual metaphor research perspective based on the principles of cognitive linguistics [6] [7], and the other is a socio-semiotic perspective rooted in systemic functional linguistics [8], which proposes that language is a semiotic system for expressing meaning [9] [10]. Along with language, there are various non-linguistic symbols, such as symbols derived from images, sounds, emojis, actions, color, and physical space [11] [12]. ...
... One or more modalities often embody actions [11], and in in-game design, different modalities focus on different game needs. The differences at the modal design level can be divided into four parts, namely modal types, modal configurations, modal density, and modal fineness. ...
This research endeavor primarily focuses on computer, or electronic transport games. Electronic games are based on a computer's ability to utilize a proportional calculation pattern that simulates imagined human behavior. While the game industry has grown substantially in recent years, methods for evaluating such games remain underdeveloped. Existing evaluation systems also tend to overlook gender bias, overt violence, and a lack of sexual imagination. To construct a more appropriate evaluation system in terms of both form and function, and operating from the perspective of linguistic multimodal interaction analysis, this study analyses the form design of video games with regard to game action levels and modal configuration, as well as the multiple functional meanings in game design at the ideational, interpersonal, and textual, and expressive levels. In addition, the principles of multimodal discourse analysis are applied to popular games, such as Harry Potter: Magic Awakened and It Takes Two, to enrich discussions of this theoretical framework and provide systematic suggestions for game design's diversified and innovative development. The goal of this article is for scholars in various fields to use the analytical paradigm offered herein to examine multimodal expressions in more evaluation mechanisms of game design in the future.
... Although individuals from minority ethnic groups may have to negotiate their self-identification between their ethnic community and the mainstream community, according to Bhabba (1994) this self-identification allows for the production of new meaning. Norris (2007) explains, the more that ethnic communities understand simultaneous identity production, the more comfortable social actors within these communities will become with their ethnic identity, "bringing about a positive change and a possible solution to the discrepancies that can be found in communities, small groups and families," (p.671). ...
... Norris (2007) examined the simultaneous production of multiple micropolitical identity elements evident in an interview with a Hispanic/Latino American. Norris (2007) found that an individual can produce national and ethnic identity elements simultaneously and it is not a matter of hiding either their ethnic or national identity. Matelau (2014) analysed the multiple Maori ethnic identity elements produced by two participants during an ethnographic study, including interview data. ...
This thesis examines the construction of hybrid and fluid ethnic identity elements as produced by Māori and Pacific female artists. Ethnic identity studies within New Zealand reveal different types of ethnic identities, and although there is research being conducted into hybrid and fluid Māori and Pacific identity elements, no studies have been done examining the construction of these identities through mediated action. This thesis attempts to fill this gap.
Using video ethnography and socio-linguistic interviews, data were collected and analysed utilising multimodal (inter)action analysis (MIA) as the theoretical and methodological framework. Vertical identity production and site of engagement are analytical tools within MIA that allow for the study of the intersection between discourses and mediated actions performed by social actors. These analytical tools were applied to interview and video transcripts selected from the data, following a systematic process of data cataloguing.
Analysis of the data is presented in three chapters which show the ethnic and creative identity production of the participants as constructed through the central, intermediary and outer layers of discourse. The first analysis chapter demonstrates the way the participants create art by blending traditional and contemporary features and diverse knowledge, in turn constructing their immediate ethnic and creative identity elements. This analysis is compared to the way the participants verbalise these identity elements within their interviews. The second analysis chapter examines the way experiences of exclusion and inclusion from within their networks shape their continuous ethnic and
creative identity elements. The third analysis chapter explores moments of exclusion and inclusion but within larger communities such as mainstream New Zealand, and their ethnic communities. It also illustrates the way in which the participants’ art creates inclusion and shapes the general ethnic and creative identity development of other social actors.
Following this, wider discourses and practices are examined using the site of engagement as the analytical tool. This chapter demonstrates the way in which wider discourses such as colonial, superiority/inferiority and racism discourse intersect with practices such as superiority/inferiority, gratitude, and marginalisation and with the mediated actions performed by the participants. This analysis highlights the negative impact these discourses and practices can have on ethnic identity construction for Māori and Pacific social actors. To this end, numerous recommendations are made within the conclusion with the intention of changing these wider discourses and practices.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in the area of Māori and Pacific identity studies by utilising multimodal (inter)action analysis to study identity production. It also contributes to the theoretical and methodological framework of multimodal (inter)action analysis.
... Scholarly views vary considerably. Some authors appear ambivalent regarding the terms Hispanic and Latino and often use both interchangeably throughout their discussion , Gracia & De Greiff 2000, Mendieta 2000, Moya 2003, Hitlin et al 2007, Norris 2007. ...
... However, other scholars argue that becoming a coherent Latino community has been seen as an accessory to achieve political power so as to effect progressive social change , Moya 2003, Norris 2007. For some authors, Latinos may not share an essence but they do share an identity, grounded historically in kin relationships (Maldonado-Torres 2009). ...
This study examines the schemata underlying the social dimensions and relationships associated with the processes of Latino identity construction in 500 YouTube postings in response to the Obama Reggaeton video. According to Van Dijk (1998), such schemata allow members of a given group to provide answers to questions such as who they are, what criteria need to be met for membership in their group, and what kinds of relationships are established among their group and other social groups. Along the lines of Wodak et al. (1999), our study unveils six main thematic contents or categories that discursively realize the social dimensions and relationships associated with the Latino identity, and tests them in a corpus of unsolicited data in a deindividuated environment, YouTube, in which social identity, such as the Latino identity, is salient. The analysis lends validity to these categories, as they were found to be highly relevant to the corpus. We argue that the Latino identity is essentially political, both in the narrow and the broad senses of the word (see Gee 2005; Joseph 2006). Furthermore, the Latino identity can only be properly understood within the identity politics climate of the US. Keywords: Latino identity, CMC, YouTube, social identity, ethnic identity, diasporic, migrant on-line communities
... We are grateful to the Texas Research Development Fund, which has provided support for this project.7 In addition to works referenced in this paper which orient to culture as emergent in interaction, the reader may include the following as recent examples:Carbaugh (2007b),Heinz, Cheng, and Inuzuka (2007), andNorris (2007).8 The interview schedule was put together with these typical cultural activities (etc.) in mind.9 ...
Much of Intercultural Communication (ICC) scholarship is interested in the "intercultural encounter": interaction between people who are from different cultures. Taking culture to be emergent in social interaction, in this paper we examine group interviews about health and diabetes which were conducted in the Southwestern U.S. with Hispanic adults. Using discourse analytic methods, we show how culture emerges in these group interviews, as participants treat objects (practices, etc.) as cultural in the performance of interactional tasks such as explaining, account-making, and managing face-threat. Analysis reveals that close analysis of the emergence of culture in interaction may help ICC scholars enter interdisciplinary discussion of effective health care delivery in an increasing culturally-diverse and culturally-complex worldculture
... Norris (2004) suggests deconstructing actions into separate units, called higher-and lower-level actions and focusing on the intensity of modes to understand their impact on the interaction. Multimodal interaction analysis also investigates the psychological levels of attention/awareness besides the phenomenological ones (Norris 2007). This type of analysis will allow answering the questions regarding the role and the potential of tablet technologies in a group of first generation Hungarian immigrant families and the role of the multicultural environment that characterizes Sydney. ...
Faculty members at an English Language Centre in the Central-North of Saudi Arabia were surveyed on their skills and attitudes using mobile technologies in teaching English as
a Foreign Language. Results indicated that Faculty members had a good level of skill and positive attitudes towards the use of mobile devices in EFL teaching. A number of statistically significant effects were identified for the independent variables age and teaching experience. Moderate positive correlations were found between Faculty members‘ level of skill using mobile devices and both Faculty attitudes towards using mobile technology in English language teaching
and intention to adopt mobile technology in English language teaching. Future use of ICT was
predicted by attitudes towards the use of ICT. This relationship was moderated by a covariate:
self-reported skills in ICT usage.
... Multimodal (inter)action analysis is thus a coherent and comprehensive research framework for the analysis of qualitative video-based data. 2 All the pieces in this framework fit together (Norris 2012;Pirini 2014b), allowing the researcher to build a coherent picture of whatever human action, interaction or identity is being studied. In this way, we have made strides in examining space and place or children's acquisition (Geenen 2013;Geenen 2017Geenen , 2018; identity (Norris 2005(Norris , 2007(Norris , 2008(Norris , 2011Norris and Makboon 2015;Matelau-Doherty and Norris 2021); video conferences (Norris 2017a;Norris and Pirini 2017); business coaching, high school tutoring and intersubjectivity (Pirini 2013(Pirini , 2014a(Pirini , 2016, to name but a few areas in which the framework has been used. What we at the AUT Multimodal Research Centre are finding is that with a coherent framework such as MIA, there is much potential to discover new insight and knowledge about any kind of human action, interaction, and identity. ...
This paper presents a concise introduction to Multimodal (inter)action analysis (MIA), which began to be developed in the early 2000s in tandem with technological advances for visual qualitative research. By now, MIA has grown into a fully-fledged research framework, including multimodal philosophy, theory, method and methodology for the study of human action, interaction and identity. With systematic phases from data collection to transcription (including transcription conventions) and data analysis, this framework allows researchers to work in a data-driven and replicable manner moving past common interpretive paradigms (Norris 2019, 2020).
... creating an effect of unpredictability and surprise for the viewer. It is placed high on the foreground-background continuum, while the long term social action of the video making is displaced on the background of it (Norris, 2007). A third asynchronous higher-level action is also present in this part of the video that could be described as 'voicing a chant'. ...
... The implication here is that this sense of Thainesssifting rice, working a water buffalo through a field, or learning Thai danceare all things that represent authentic tourist experience. Another salient identity element (Norris 2004(Norris , 2007 includes dress where the tourists enter the frame wearing traditional Thai-style clothing. The emergence of the tourist in the interaction is salient to the degree their dress is foregrounded. ...
This paper offers two contributions to the multimodal discourse analysis of tourism advertising videos. First it shows how Thainess has been resemiotized to be accessible to non-Thai people and second it illustrates how the mediated action can be used as a unit of analysis to analyze advertising videos. Thainess has been a national identity strategy that has evolved into numerous polysemic. In this discussion five discursive stances to Thainess are identified: Thainess as a national identity, Thainess as a form other-ness, the Thai-ification of Thai people, Thainess as popular culture, and Thainess as commodified consumption. The analysis uses an integrative framework based in mediated discourse theory, multimodal discourse analysis and social semiotics to discuss and analyze the discursive stances of Thainess that emerge in two videos from the 2015 Discover Thainess campaign. Using the mediated action as the unit of analysis the multimodal features of Thainess that emerge from these videos are analyzed. Through this analysis Thainess is shown to be resemiotized in the videos where it was once inaccessible to westerners, the Thainess represented in the videos has been resemiotized to be both accessible and authentic to western tourists.
... By its very nature, multimodal discourses presuppose the co-occurrence of multiple semiotic resources (e.g., Zhang, 2015;Norris, 2007). The interplay between the modalities may take the form of enhancement, complementarity or contradiction (Xing, 2014). ...
University websites play a pivotal role in the recruitment of international students for Australian universities, in particular at a time of fierce global competition. These websites make an interesting specialised genre for discourse analysis. This article conceptualises university websites as multimodal texts employing language and other semiotic resources such as images to represent international students in the context of shifting conceptualisations of international student education. Based on a qualitative inquiry into the webpages for international students on the official websites of three Australian universities, the article shows how the universities categorise international students and represent them in perceived activities and interpersonal relations through language and other modalities. The discursive representation of international students by the three Australian universities is discussed in relation to conceptual shifts in international student education, diversity management and multimodal discourse analysis. The article concludes with implications for international student representation and university webpage design.
... The necessity of the discursive construction of the 'Other', especially in the context of the development of national identity, has seen its day in scholarship (Pan 2004;Wodak et al. 2009;Krzyżanowski 2010), as 'identity is constantly interactively constructed on a microlevel, where an individual's identity is claimed, contested and re-constructed in interaction and in relation to the other participants' (Norris 2007). The Other, in the Serbian case, was seen primarily in Croatia, Croats and the Croatian language (though the superseding Bosnian and Montenegrin played a part). ...
Ever since the wars of the Yugoslav secession in the nineties, linguistic nationalism has proven to have been among the more relevant instances in the discursive construction of national identity and new languages, dubbed by Ranko Bugarski as ‘administrative successors’ of Serbo-Croatian. Even though contemporary linguistics still classifies Serbo-Croatian as one language with regional varieties (commonly dubbed ‘polycentric standardized languages’ in linguistics), nationalist linguists have been working tirelessly to discursively construct their own, local languages, based on national identity, script and religion. Since most scholarly production has been dealing with nationalist linguistics related to the breakup of Serbo-Croatian during and in the immediate aftermath of the wars of the Yugoslav secession, not much has been written on the current state of nationalist linguistics in Serbia in the 21st century. This article deals with the contemporary nationalist linguist discourse on the topic of the Serbian version of the polycentric standardized Serbo-Croatian language, its discursive connections to religion, nationality and the Otherizing of Croatia as the discursive Other against which a Serbian language needs to be constructed. As the article will show, this is achieved by assertive, declarative discourse.
... " Frozen action incorporates many modes (cf. Norris, 2007Norris, , 2011, including the objects, the décor, the choice of color and so forth. By implementing the construct of frozen action to the current study, signs are analyzed as "materialized action" (Pietikäinen et al, 2011, p. 281) in the sense that the LL is a result of social actions undertaken in the past. ...
This study provides an interpretive perspective on the linguistic landscape (LL) of ethnic Persian shops in the city of Sydney, Australia. Photographic data and ethnographic observations demonstrate how linguistic and cultural displays on ethnic Persian shops are organized in different frames which are driven by local symbolic markets. These frames are investigated through an analysis of linguistic and semiotic resources drawn on these ethnic premises. The study also illustrates that the trajectory of the Persian language and its semiotic resources as mediational tools frame the collective identity of the sign producers (social actors) and symbolic and cultural means that are activated in the LL of such ethnic shops. These framing devices promote minority languages, Persian in specific, as valuable resources and commodities in the multicultural context of Sydney, and point to the possible impact of those resources on the local political economy of language. In addition, the findings reinforce the view that patterns of multilingualism are not static and are influenced by a number of factors such as cultural, economic and linguistic resources which individuals and officials use in the public space.
... As can be seen in the last column, at least a third and sometimes more than half of the children indicate that they mix languages with particular interlocutors. These data are significant based on findings in the literature on codeswitching that the use of two languages may be part of a construction of a dual or hybrid identity (Auer 2004;Norris 2007;Woolard 1999). At the very least, these findings show that mixing languages is not stigmatized to the extent that children are un- willing to admit to it in their own behavior. ...
Deals with the linguistic encoding and discursive construction of subjectivity across languages and registers. This title covers numerous languages, academic and professional registers, spoken and written discourse, diverse communities of practice, speaker and interaction types, native and non-native language use, and Lingua Franca communication.
... As can be seen in the last column, at least a third and sometimes more than half of the children indicate that they mix languages with particular interlocutors. These data are significant based on findings in the literature on codeswitching that the use of two languages may be part of a construction of a dual or hybrid identity (Auer 2004;Norris 2007;Woolard 1999). At the very least, these findings show that mixing languages is not stigmatized to the extent that children are un- willing to admit to it in their own behavior. ...
The contributions in this volume shed light on lived multilingualism around the globe. A small, but still representative selection of the multitude of migrant experiences, all studies share the intertwining of geographical mobility and non-mainstream linguistic practices which serves as a resource of agency and promotes alternative multiple identities of the immigrant speakers. This volume is based on the two core tenets of sociolinguistic identity research. First, it accepts the idea that identities or sub-identities are in a sense pre-given and can be formulated through membership categories. Second, identities are viewed as being enacted and performed, thus constituting social realities. In the social construction of identity, national and linguistic boundaries dissolve. The originating countries of the participants (and/or their ancestors) in the studies of this volume include Argentina, Ethiopia, Yugoslavia, Russia, Morocco, the Phillipines, Korea, Kazakhstan, Suriname and India. The countries of immigration include Germany, the USA, Israel, France and the Netherlands.
... Frozen action encompasses many modes (cf. Norris, 2007), including not only the objects themselves but also the layout, choice of colour, typesetting and so forth. By applying the concept of frozen action to our LL study, we analyse signs as materialised action; the LL is a result of social actions performed in the past. ...
This article investigates language shift and identity construction in two Finnic-speaking communities: Lappe in Ontario, Canada and Bugøynes in Northern Norway by asking how the people of these two communities perceive themselves at a time when their minority language is in the process of disappearing. Identity construction through visual and linguistic means are analysed and compared. In both communities, people speak similar minority languages, observe similar traditions and have Finnish items in their homes, but such actions do not carry the same symbolic value. In Lappe, these items and traditions have been allocated social meaning; they are explicitly referred to as 'Finn', whereas similar items and traditions do not carry any overt symbolic value in Bugøynes. This symbolic value, or lack thereof, is not a direct result of the items and traditions themselves; rather they mediate social action. An analysis of the social actions and the way these actions take part in identity construction reveals that it is not the traditions and items in themselves that carry symbolic value, but rather the actions that precede or accompany them.
... In nexus analysis, as described by Scollon and Scollon (2004), individuals draw on available discourse systems to which they are, or have been, socialized. These systems teach individuals to act in ways that come together to either implicitly or explicitly construct and re-construct their social identity (Norris 2007;Scollon & Scollon 2004). This 'teaching' occurs in three cycles of discourse: engaging the nexus of practice, navigating the nexus of practice and ultimately changing the nexus of practice (Scollon & Scollon 2004). ...
... Frozen action encompasses many modes (cf. Norris, 2007), including not only the objects themselves but also the layout, choice of colour, typesetting and so forth. By applying the concept of frozen action to our LL study, we analyse signs as materialised action; the LL is a result of social actions performed in the past. ...
This article examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of seven villages above the Arctic Circle, in the region called North Calotte. The area forms a complex nexus of contested and changing multilingualism, particularly as regards to endangered indigenous Sámi languages and Kven and Meänkieli minority languages. Viewing LL as a discursively constructed space and consequently signs as ‘frozed actions’ by various actors, and by adopting a Nexus analytical approach we examine three interrelated aspects of Arctic LLs: (1) the synchronic aspect by addressing the question of how languages are used in the landscapes of northern villages in the year 2008; (2) the historical aspect through identifying traces of different processes in these landscapes; and (3) the functional aspect by exploring what happens to endangered indigenous and minority languages in these LLs. In this article we argue that the Arctic LL is multi-layered, containing minority, national and global language orders, each organising and prioritising language resources differently. The layers and orders are, however, nested, and together they create the Arctic LL that bears witness to both the past processes and the current trends.
... As a last comment on the analysis, the perspective of the primary author as an outsider has been helpful in evaluating the role of the tutor's power, but there is a risk that the context for some of the messages and experiences on the discussion board has been lost, as Norris (2007) argues that context is crucial when looking at the discourses people use to create identity. Gee however argues that discourse analysts should 'concentrate first and foremost on language' (2005, p. 34), suggesting that context is secondary to language. ...
Teacher education involves an identity transformation for trainees from being a student to being a teacher. This discourse analysis examined the online discussion board communications of a cohort of trainee teachers to better understand the situated identities of the trainees and how they were presented online. Their discussion board posts were the primary method of communication during placement periods and, as such, provided insight into how the trainees situated their identities in terms of being a student or being a teacher. During the analysis, the community boundaries, language and culture were explored along with the tutor’s power and role in the identity transformation process. This involved looking at the lexis used by the students, the use of pronouns to refer to themselves and others such as teachers and pupils, the types of messages allowed in the community and the effect of the tutor’s messages on their communication. The research found that the trainees felt comfortable with teaching but did not feel like teachers during the course. Tutors and school teachers need to develop an awareness of the dual nature of trainees’ identities and help promote the transition from student to teacher. In the beginning of the course, trainees should be familiarised with teacher vocabulary and practical concepts in addition to pedagogical theory. Towards the end of the course, trainee identity as teachers could be promoted through the use of authentic assessments that mirror real teacher tasks and requirements.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza językowa dyskursów protestacyjnych, wywołanych przez sfałszowanie wyborów prezydenckich na Białorusi w sierpniu 2020 r. Protesty 2020 r. stały się przedmiotem niektórych publikacji naukowych, jednak przeważnie uwzględniają one społeczno-kulturowy aspekt tego zjawiska. Systemowego i teoretycznie uzasadnionego badania wymaga natomiast aspekt językowy. Autorzy artykułu skupili się na jednym z najważniejszych elementów tej agendy badawczej – społeczno-symbolicznym i pragmatyczno-komunikacyjnym wykorzystaniu języka białoruskiego w trakcie akcji protestu. Badanie jest oparte na wybranych koncepcjach socjolingwistycznych, a za materiał posłużyło 300 tekstów ulicznych (napisy plakatowe, slogany, hasła, inskrypcje miejskie) oraz teksty elektroniczne (zarchiwizowane posty na stronach internetowych portali społecznościowych i komunikatorów).
This entry presents the main trends in the analysis of identities in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics from three discursive approaches. One studies primarily social identities, a second focuses on personal or biographical identities, and the third pushes for a complication of established identity theories in the face of new developments in technology and the digital world. Main concepts and approaches are introduced as well as recent developments in the field.
Мета. Сучасний політичний та суспільний розвиток актуалізує значення мови в контексті національної, культурної та соціальної ідентичності особистості. Особливого значення питання мови та її функцій набуває в руслі успішної інтеграції мігрантів у іншомовному середовищі. Згідно з актуальними дослідженнями та опитуваннями населення в мультикультурних суспільствах, мові належить вирішальне значення в процесі інтеграції, а відтак сприяє успішній акультурації мігрантів. Метою статті є здійснити огляд та проаналізувати наявні теорії мовної комунікації в контексті ідентичності особистості.
Методи. Для реалізації поставленої мети було використано базові теоретичні методи дослідження, а саме: аналіз, синтез, порівняння та узагальнення.
Результати. Дослідницький центр П'ю у Вашингтоні 2017 року оприлюднив результати опитування мігрантів по всьому світі, котрі засвідчують, що саме володіння мовою домінантної більшості є надважливою передумовою, аби стати повноцінною частиною суспільства, бути інтегрованим та визнаним у ньому. Для поглибленого вивчення впливу мови на життя мігрантів у іншомовному середовищі було розроблено багато теорій з мовної комунікації. Одна з найбільш відомих теорій у контексті теми ідентичності є теорія соціальної ідентичності (SIT), за якою мова є ознакою, через яку особистість сигналізує свою соціальну ідентичність та належність до певної групи. Теорія етнолінгвістичної ідентичності (EIT) фокусує увагу на взаємозалежності між етнічною та мовною ідентичністю. В центрі уваги не лише мовленнєві дії, але й соціально-психологічні процеси, котрі лежать в основі міжкультурної комунікації. У центрі теорії комунікативної адаптації (CAT) – соціально-психологічні фактори, що впливають на процес комунікації між різними, несхожими мовцями. В процесі такої комунікації відбувається усунення мовленнєвих відмінностей або ж навпаки наголошення на них (приміром через діалект або соціолект).
Висновки. В контексті акультурації мові належить беззаперечно важлива функція, адже завдяки їй відбувається обмін інформацією про належність до тієї чи тієї групи. Діалекти та акценти надають інформацію про регіональне походження. Через соціолекти мігранти ідентифікують себе з певними соціальними групами. Знання мови домінантної більшості відкриває додаткові перспективи для навчання та праці, а знання мови свого етносу дає можливість не втрачати зв’язків зі своєю етнічною спільнотою. Це і є основним принципом інтеграції, а відтак і успішної акультурації. Отримані висновки та узагальнення будуть використані нами в емпіричному дослідженні психології акультурації іноземних студентів до іншомовного середовища.
This is the first of the two volumes in the SISU Intercultural Institute series "Intercultural Research" (IR, published by SFLEP) dedicated to providing an overview on the topic of "Identity and Intercultural Communication." As the first of this pair IR Vol. 2 (Identity I) focuses on: Theoretical and Contextual Construction" of Identity (the partner IR Vol , Identity II, addresses: Conceptual and Contextual Applications. With a Foreword by past ICA president Patrice Buzzanell, the value featured Section One "Identity Theory" contributions from Guo-Ming Chen, William Starosta, Steve Kulich, and Xiaodong Dai, followed by Section Two: chapters addressing "Culture, Language, and Identity" by Hui-ching Chang, Moelfi Kete Asante, Jaizu Gu, Zongjie Wu, and Nobuki Honna, then Section Three "Context and Identity Construction" chapters by Yihong Gao, Ling Chen, Xiao-sui Xiao, Ran An, Wenshan Jia, and Michael Prosser (a virtual "Who's Who" of the intercultural field dealing with international and Chinese intercultural contexts).
Facebook has recently gained popularity among young, digitally literate and
predominantly urban Pakistanis. Such social networking sites allow users the
freedom to express themselves using usernames, visuals and topics of their
own choice. In this article, I examine how Pakistani Facebook users mobilize
such resources in their identity work. Using Multimodal Discourse Analysis, I
investigate how Pakistani women construct their gender identities on
Facebook using visual and linguistic resources. The results revealed the
significant impact of Facebook on the socio-cultural and linguistic norms of
discourse in Pakistan that enables women to challenge established
communication models while they simultaneously reinforce traditional
gender models.
This concise guide outlines core theoretical and methodological developments of the growing field of Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis.
The volume unpacks the foundational relationship between multimodality and language and the key concepts which underpin the analysis of multimodal action and interaction and the study of multimodal identity. A focused overview of each concept charts its historical development, reviews the essential literature, and outlines its underlying theoretical frameworks and how it links to analytical tools. Norris illustrates the concept in practice via the inclusion of examples and an image-based transcript, table, or graph.
The book provides a succinct overview of the latest research developments in the field of Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis for early career scholars in the field as well as established researchers looking to stay up-to-date on core developments.
This chapter sets out to investigate the construction of identity in the situated context of the Persian ethnic shop under investigation. Through the analysis of the linguistic practices and mediational means (cultural tools) in the shop, the study foregrounds that a mediated discourse analysis and the application of mediational means embedded in service encounters provides a finer understanding of specific social practices and actions and local material contexts, which serve to ascribe social identities for shop-owners and customers. Such intricacies encourage us to re-evaluate our understanding of the critical complexity of the language practices of late-modern urban groups who employ and exploit features from a wide range of cultural and semiotic resources.
Security is a sacred trust for schooling, fundamental to learning, and tied to communities’ educational values such as access, equity, and achievement for students as well as their families. School leaders must balance safety and learning climate while mediating communities’ concerns, assets, and disagreements. Each day in school rests on a fulcrum balancing individual needs and rights with groups’ expectations and rights. School leaders navigate the daily churn with a clear focus on balancing risks inherent in learning and among the social-emotional, place-based connections between learning and behavior. This chapter suggests issues with reactive policy focus on perpetrators and explores the tensions over schools as place, symbol, and target while addressing the issues of security for students and personnel. These balancing acts entail caring, control, community, identity, and site security. The recommendations for balancing risks focus on adding a place-conscious approach to establishing an authentic purpose within each school’s locale.
In the past decades, there has been an increasing interest in studying experiences of the "self" in different contexts so that identity has become a concept receiving considerable attention in recent research studies. Accordingly, the present study sought to explore the extent to which language knowledge might shape personal identity. It also aimed to investigate whether academic year had any impact on Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students' identity development. To this end, from the population of male and female freshman and senior students studying TEFL (Teaching of English as a Foreign Language) at Najafabad Islamic Azad University, eighty students were randomly selected to fill out a questionnaire. Subsequently a number of participants attended a focus group interview. The items in the questionnaire addressed the different aspects of identity to see how they applied to the students. Participants were interviewed to provide them the opportunity to express their opinions in their own terms and so to have access to more deliberate and detailed information. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that as students complete more years at university their identities change and improve. The unpredicted outcome was that gender seemed to play no significant role in the construction of identity and its subcomponents except that male students proved to be more reluctant in taking up new identities projected by the educational setting they were located in. The results presented in this study suggest both educators and policy makers to develop policies which could improve students' identity so that they can identify themselves as better citizens, and more efficient and respectful members of the educational system and the society.
Background: The stigma of epilepsy still holds fast today, and consequently results in people with epilepsy not seeking the support they require. To date, little research has been conducted into seizure label preferences, yet what has been achieved reveals definite terminological preferences. This paper contributes new findings to this growing body of research.
Methods: Participants with epilepsy completed an online survey stating their preferences for the seizure labels: seizure; fit; attack; episode; s/he is having a seizure/fit; and s/he is fitting/seizing. Through a thematic linguistic analysis of the participants’ comments, this paper investigates the influence of semantics and grammatical variation to assess how these linguistic features portray epilepsy. The semantic implications of individuals’ personal seizure labels are also explored.
Results: The consensus falls with seizure and s/he is having a seizure, as the alternative choices were comparatively less popular and evidenced many negative connotations. The participants’ explanations their ‘least preferable’ rankings were categorized and thematically aligned. This proposed taxonomy offers insight into how different labels shape identity and contribute to the stigma. The grammatical variations of the phrases appear to contribute to (mis)representing seizure trajectory and imagery. The personalized seizure labels offered by a selection of participants mayalso be suggestive of the seizure experience itself.
Conclusions: The consensus of these results can guide healthcare professionals and the media to opt, in the first instance, for the terms/ phrases that have been evidenced as the most preferable, and to avoid using those ranked by the majority as least preferable.
Chapter 8 of Communicating Creativity: The Discursive Facilitation of Creative Activity in Arts focuses on the discourse of identity. It investigates how both the written and interactional texts occurring in the studio orient the students towards one of a set of institutionally constrained, though more locally shaped and exploited, art and design disciplinary identities. The chapter shows how students perform their chosen disciplinary identities in the studio setting through certain interactional modes, such as gaze, posture, head movement, and layout.
This chapter of Communicating Creativity: The Discursive Facilitation of Creative Activity in Arts focuses on the discourse of motivation. The chapter shows how, in response to their construction of the students as unmotivated, the tutors collaboratively develop a discursive strategy to motivate the students into creative action. Underpinning the justification for this strategy is the tutors’ belief that motivated students should be consistently producing work as the result of an ongoing explorative process; a view seemingly in conflict with the students’ own creative motivations which appear more closely related to their identities, desires, and ideal future selves.
This chapter presents the conceptualisation of professional identity. By drawing on research in communities of practice, professional socialisation, discourse, identity, indexicality, and business genre knowledge, professional identity is viewed as emergent in participatory learning in communities of practice. It is also seen as involving the dual process of acquiring semiotic resources and experiences for performing a social role as well as undergoing changes in the perception of self in relation to the social role. It is described with reference to four constituting factors, which are professional goal, values and perspective on international business professionals, technical competence, and discursive competence. It is co-constructed in discursive practices with genre knowledge as the indexing resource. These understandings are incorporated into a working definition of professional identity to guide the study this book reports on.
Drawing on recent linguistic anthropological reflections on identity and discursive psychologists’ theorizing on social positioning, the authors of this chapter examine the dynamic and multifaceted enactment and transformation of identity in social interaction. The work presentd in this chapter suggests that agency and autonomy, key dimensions of adolescent identity development, do not emerge solely from the individual but are co-constructed and transformed in interpersonal exchanges. These theoretical propositions are supported through the discourse analysis of two family cases, which reveals that the discursive co-construction of adolescent agency and autonomy is non-linear and continuously negotiated. Families oscillate between different interactional configurations, with individual family members claiming, declining, reclaiming certain roles and competencies vis-à-vis other members of the family. In addition to illustrating the value of bridging different disciplinary perspectives together in the work presented in this chapter, the authors demonstrate the analytic purchase that a micro-examination of social interaction offers to adolescence and developmental psychology research.
Not all multinational companies adopt corporate language policies to regulate language use. However, as several researchers have pointed out, there is seldom a true absence of a language policy in multilingual communication settings, and language management takes place whenever it is possible to identify language managers. In companies with no language strategies, internal communication managers often take decisions on language use and status. With the aim of detecting language management in a Swedish financial institution operating in the Baltic states with no explicit language policy, a nexus analysis of internal communication managers’ weekly telephone conferences was carried out. Since nexus analysis examines how discourses of multiple scales interact in language policies as social actions, the recordings of the interactions during the conferences were supplemented with interviews with the participants and with analysis of the company’s official policy texts and reports. Language management is a complex social phenomenon influenced by the social, cultural and institutional contexts it takes place in and in which different, sometimes even contradictory discourses related to language use and status, such as internationalization, multiculturalism and multilingualism, intersect, depending on the participants backgrounds and positions in the institution.
Nexus analysis provides a systematic approach to the principled eclecticism of methods needed to investigate such questions using different kinds of data across multiple settings. The primary aim of nexus analysis is to facilitate mapping of how discourses from multiple scales intersect in a social phenomenon in nexus terms, a “nexus of practice” such as language policymaking, interpretation, and/or implementation. A study grounded in the nexus analysis yields a diverse range of data such as field notes from participant observations, audio-recorded (and transcribed) interactions and interviews, documents (including policy texts), and various kinds of multi-modal data such as photography and news media. These data reflect different sociolinguistic scales ranging from the individual to the interpersonal to the communal/institutional to the societal. The analytical task is to trace discursive connections across these scales.
Language and culture are concepts increasingly found at the heart of developments in applied linguistics and related fields. Taken together, they can provide interesting and useful insights into the nature of language acquisition and expression. In this volume, Joan Kelly Hall gives a perspective on the nature of language and culture looking at how the use of language in real-world situations helps us understand how language is used to construct our social and cultural worlds.The conceptual maps on the nature of language, culture and learning provided in this text help orient readers to some current theoretical and practical activities taking place in applied linguistics. They also help them begin to chart their own explorations in the teaching and researching of language and culture.
Much of Intercultural Communication (ICC) scholarship is interested in the "intercultural encounter": interaction between people who are from different cultures. Taking culture to be emergent in social interaction, in this paper we examine group interviews about health and diabetes which were conducted in the Southwestern U.S. with Hispanic adults. Using discourse analytic methods, we show how culture emerges in these group interviews, as participants treat objects (practices, etc.) as cultural in the performance of interactional tasks such as explaining, account-making, and managing face-threat. Analysis reveals that close analysis of the emergence of culture in interaction may help ICC scholars enter interdisciplinary discussion of effective health care delivery in an increasing culturally-diverse and culturally-complex world.
Identities in Context is a comprehensive guide to contemporary discursive research on issues relating to identity across a variety of contexts. Provides a comprehensive guide to contemporary discursive research on identity Introduces themes and concepts in a structured way that allows readers to easier assimilate the different aspects of discourse and identity Offers a narrative account of how discursive research has contributed to the understanding of various phenomena, such as interactions in legal and health care settings Features several reader-friendly aids, including chapter outlines and a glossary of terms and concepts.
Associate Professor Sigrid Norris (b. 1961) is Director of the Multimodal Research Centre (MRC, at www.multimodalresearch.org/) at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), New Zealand.Keywords:discourse analysis;methods;identity;multimodality
In this article, we take a multimodal (inter)action analytical approach, showing how objects in everyday life are identity telling. As social actors surround themselves with objects, multiple actions from producing the objects to acquiring and placing them in the environment are embedded within. Here, we investigate examples from two different ethnographic studies, using the notion of frozen actions. One of our examples comes from a five-month long ethnographic study on identity production of three vegetarians in Thailand (Makboon, forthcoming); and the other example comes from a four-month long ethnographic study of three working parents on the East coast of North America (Norris, 2006, 2008). We illustrate the frozen actions embedded in particular objects and argue that the analysis of frozen actions allows us to partially understand how identity is produced and experienced by social actors in everyday life.
Multimodal interaction analysis (Norris, 2004) is a holistic methodological framework that allows the analyst to integrate the verbal with the nonverbal, and to integrate these with material objects and the environment as they are being used by individuals acting and interacting in the world.Keywords:discourse analysis;pragmatics;research methods in applied linguistics;sociolinguistics
In the 1970s, the American Census Bureau first used the term Hispanic to refer to individuals residing in the USA although born in or descending from Spanish-speaking countries. This paper explores the use of Hispanic and Latino (and to a lesser extent Latin American) in US official documents and quality news outlets within the framework of narrative theory. The Census Office documents and seven national newspapers, namely, The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, The Miami Herald, The Arizona Republic, San Francisco Chronicle and Los Angeles Times will be analysed. They represent the areas with large immigrant populations, on the one hand, and with descendants of Spanish-speaking peoples on the other. The paper will explore (1) the evolution of these terms in official use, that is, the US Census Office reports, (2) whether quality news media use of the terms has evolved in a similar way to official use or whether there is some degree of divergence between the two, (3) whether we can talk about regional variation and, finally, (4) whether the representation of the Hispanic minority in quality news media is largely negative, as it has been claimed for the media in general. The findings suggest that while official use is relatively stable, quality media use of the terms is largely unpredictable, although they do not seem to project a negative image of the minority.
The type of identity most salient in intercultural communication is probably cultural identity, also a major issue in intercultural communication studies. This study adopts a dialectical perspective and approaches cultural identity as a dynamic production in and through intercultural contact and interaction. Semi-structured interviews of educated young Hongkongers turned out accounts of cultural identity along with their language use in day-to-day activities. These provided indirect access to some lived experience of people in a culturally special society. The study identifies dialectics evident in the production of cultural identity and uncovers ways people deal with dialectic tension in the process.
This paper discusses two attempts to mobilize "Arabs" in a Western context: the Arab European League (AEL) and the Arab American Institute (AAI). The first is a grassroots political movement mobilizing Arab migrants and their descendants in Flanders (Belgium) and the Netherlands; the second is a Washington-based non-profit organization promoting the electoral participation of Arab Americans. Both organizations aim at representing and mobilizing Arabs as a single community. The paper analyzes and contrasts their representations of the Arabs, the Arab world, and the West. The experience of Arabs in the West is a particularly interesting instance of migrant collective action, because it articulates an identity that it is not bound to the citizenship of one country of origin and therefore is likely to be disputed. In addition, the geopolitical context and the global significance of the conflicts in the Arab world interfere with the domestic dynamics of migration and integration.
The relationship between language, discourse and identity has always been a major area of sociolinguistic investigation. In more recent times, the field has been revolutionized as previous models - which assumed our identities to be based on stable relationships between linguistic and social variables - have been challenged by pioneering new approaches to the topic. This volume brings together a team of leading experts to explore discourse in a range of social contexts. By applying a variety of analytical tools and concepts, the contributors show how we build images of ourselves through language, how society moulds us into different categories, and how we negotiate our membership of those categories. Drawing on numerous interactional settings (the workplace; medical interviews; education), in a variety of genres (narrative; conversation; interviews), and amongst different communities (immigrants; patients; adolescents; teachers), this revealing volume sheds light on how our social practices can help to shape our identities.
The importance of linguistic form cannot be downplayed if we want to ward off free-for-all hermeneutics or a common-sense paraphrase of the ideational content of the texts. Analysis is also concerned with non-linguistic dimensions of the social encounter. Discourse analysis has dealt with identity in two planes: The Self in its uniqueness, with an experiential trajectory of its own, and the Self as membership to multiple social groups. Ascription of the Self to social roles, social positions and variously defined social groups proves to be dynamic, multiple, containing contradictions and overlapping. Next, the social interaction in which the text is produced has long been a favorite center of attention, and in this regard, the crucial question the analysis should answer is ?What does this particular individual activate and construct a given identity for?? There are important issues, however, that analysis restricted to the interaction cannot deal with. For example, the contrast between social identities, the role identities have in the reproduction and legitimation of social institutions, and the culturally defined elements in identity practices. One step in this direction is consideration of intertextuality and interdiscursivity. Richer and more complete analyses are achieved when we identify the other discourses woven into the texture of the data and when we take into account the broader conditions of production, including social structures and relations of power between social actors.
Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.
Preface 2004 1. Introduction 2. Conversational Style: Theoretical Background 3. The Participants in Thanksgiving Dinner 4. Linguistics Devices in Conversational Style 5. Narrative Strategies 6. Irony and Joking 7. Summary of Style Features 8. The Study of Coherence in Discourse 9. Coda: Taking the Concepts into the Present Appendix 1: Key to Transcription Conventions Appendix 2: Steps in Analyzing Conversation Appendix 3: Participants in Thanksgiving Dinner Appendix 4: Flow of Topics in Thanksgiving Conversation REFERENCES AUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX
List of Figures. Series Editor's Preface. Preface. 1. What is a Discourse Approach?. 2. How, When and Where to Do Things with Language. 3. Interpersonal Politeness and Power. 4. Conversational Inference: Interpretation in Spoken Discourse. 5. Topic and Face: Inductive and Deductive Patterns in Discourse. 6. Ideologies of Discourse. 7. What is Culture? Intercultural Communication and Stereotyping. 8. Corporate Discourse. 9. Professional Discourse. 10. Generational Discourse. 11. Gender Discourse. 12. Using a Discourse Approach to Intercultural Communication. References. Index.
The overarching theme of Discourse and Technology is cutting-edge in the field of linguistics: multimodal discourse. This volume opens up a discussion among discourse analysts and others in linguistics and related fields about the two-fold impact of new communication technologies: The impact on how discourse data is collected, transcribed, and analyzed—and the impact that these technologies are having on social interaction and discourse.
As inexpensive tape recorders allowed the field to move beyond text, written or printed language, to capture talk—discourse as spoken language—the information explosion (including cell phones, video recorders, Internet chat rooms, online journals, and the like) has moved those in the field to recognize that all discourse is, in various ways, "multimodal," constructed through speech and gesture, as well as through typography, layout, and the materials employed in the making of texts.
The contributors have responded to the expanding scope of discourse analysis by asking five key questions: Why should we study discourse and technology and multimodal discourse analysis? What is the role of the World Wide Web in discourse analysis? How does one analyze multimodal discourse in studies of social actions and interactions? How does one analyze multimodal discourse in educational social interactions? and, How does one use multimodal discourse analyses in the workplace? The vitality of these explorations opens windows onto even newer horizons of discourse and discourse analysis.
Our perception of our everyday interactions is shaped by more than what is said. From coffee with friends to interviews, meetings with colleagues and conversations with strangers, we draw on both verbal and non-verbal behaviour to judge and consider our experiences.
Analyzing Multimodal Interaction is a practical guide to understanding and investigating the multiple modes of communication, and provides an essential guide for those undertaking field work in a range of disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, education, anthropology and psychology. The book offers a clear methodology to help the reader carry out their own integrative analysis, equipping them with the tools they need to analyze a situation from different points of view. Drawing on research into conversational analysis and non-verbal behaviour such as body movement and gaze, it also considers the role of the material world in our interactions, exploring how we use space and objects - such as our furniture and clothes - to express ourselves. Considering a range of real examples, such as traffic police officers at work, doctor-patient meetings, teachers and students, and friends reading magazines together, the book offers lively demonstrations of multimodal discourse at work.
Illustrated throughout and featuring a mini-glossary in each chapter, further reading, and advice on practical issues such as making transcriptions and video and audio recordings, this practical guide is an essential resource for anyone interested in the multiple modes of human interaction.
This study develops an analysis of one site of engagement of public discourse in which identity is socially constructed. Through an analysis of the handing out of handbills in public places, the study argues that such sites of engagement are socially constructed through activities such as handing, a social situation frame in which there are expectations on appropriate behaviors, a regulatory frame of civic responsibility, and a generic frame in which the text itself implies a reader or receiver. The study argues that in such sites of engagement identities are imputed, claimed, ratified or contested and that the ascription of identity is, therefore, inherent in the activities at the sites of engagement in which this discourse takes place. Thus public discourse is argued to be inherently constitutive of social identity.
This study investigates uses of the response-token ‘no’ by British and American speakers. Results of the study indicate that the token is used differently by members of those two cultures: ubiquitously—as a ‘continuer’—by the British, and selectively—as an ‘affiliative’—by Americans.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgetown University, 2002. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 340-349).
Kommunizierte Fremdheit. Zur Konversationsanalyse von Zugehörigkeitsdarstellungen Kultur(en) im Gespräch
- H Hausendorf
Hausendorf, H. (2002) 'Kommunizierte Fremdheit. Zur Konversationsanalyse von Zugehörigkeitsdarstellungen', in H. Kotthoff (ed.) Kultur(en) im Gespräch. Tübingen, Germany: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Nationality and the Social Bond: One Woman, Two National Identities', Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Visual Sociology Association
- S Norris
Norris, S. (2002b) 'Nationality and the Social Bond: One Woman, Two National Identities', Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Visual Sociology Association, Santorini, Greece, 14–18 July.
Personal Identity Construction: A Multimodal Perspective', Invited paper presented at the International Roundtable on Discourse Analysis at City University
- S Norris
Norris, S. (2005) 'Personal Identity Construction: A Multimodal Perspective', Invited paper presented at the International Roundtable on Discourse Analysis at City University, Hong Kong, 21–23 April. Sacks, H. (1992) Lectures on Conversation. Two Volumes (edited by G. Jefferson). Oxford: Blackwell.
Micropolitics of identity 673 Outline of a Theory of Practice
- Norris R E F E R E N C E S Bourdieu
Norris: Micropolitics of identity 673 R E F E R E N C E S Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.