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Internet Gambling Addiction
Abstract and Figures
As the Internet offers a new venue for gambling, the risks for engaging in pathological behaviors are potentially increased. In light of this, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to shed further light on the relationship between gambling on the Internet and possible addiction by assessing Internet gambling in general and addictive gambling on the Internet specifically. Based on previous research, it is argued that a combination of individual, situational, and structural characteristics determine whether and to what extent individuals engage in Internet gambling. The results suggest that there are more problem gamblers on the Internet than in land-based venues. A reason for this may be the structural characteristics of the Internet inherent to this technology, namely availability, ease of access, anonymity, and convenience. In conclusion, however, the Internet cannot be claimed to be addictive per sé, but rather to facilitate the engagement in addictive behaviors, including gambling.
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... According to a study by the Ministry of Health (2018), the prevalence of gambling disorders in Indonesia reaches 3.8 percent of the adult population. Addiction to online gambling can damage family cohesion by leading to compulsive behaviour, tolerance, impulsivity, and financial problems for the head of the family (Griffiths 2005;Kuss & Griffiths 2012;Kim et al. 2016). Gambling can be seen as a form of social deviation because this behaviour diverges from the prevailing social norms in certain communities. ...
... The longer a respondent plays online gambling, the higher the risk of addiction. According to Kuss & Griffiths (2012), this is related to the frequency of exposure to gaming stimuli that trigger addictive responses. The more frequent and prolonged the exposure, the stronger the addiction it induces. ...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of online gambling addiction (slot) on family harmony. This study was conducted with a qualitative case study approach on five heads of households in Bunga Tanjung Village who are known to have online slot gambling addiction. The results showed that the higher the online game addiction of family members, the greater the negative impact on family harmony. The main impacts of online gambling is including to reduce interaction and communication within the family, the loss of the role of husband/father as head of the family, the development of long-term conflicts, and the destruction of family welfare. The conclusion of this study is that online gambling addiction has a significant impact on the quality of family harmony. The solutions provided include the need for prevention and treatment through socialization, counseling, rehabilitation, and social support to help affected families recover from online gambling addiction.
... Gaming and gambling as a phenomenon are not new. Its beginnings can be found already in the pre-Christian times and it can be claimed to be as old as humanity itself (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). Bolen and Boyd defined gambling as playing games with an uncertain result that is determined (at least partly) by chance. ...
... Gaming and gambling as a phenomenon is not new and can be found in almost all cultures and in most parts of the world (Custer & Milt, 1985). Gambling can be defined as playing games with an uncertain result that is determined (at least partly) by chance (Bolen & Boyd, 1968) and it can be claimed to be as old as humanity itself (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). In fact, there is evidence from period that prehistoric men liked to gamble; several anthropological studies show instruments and objects that might have been used in gambling, though they have been associated more with magic than with recreation (Petry, 2005). ...
Four central arguments made in this article are: (1) Gambling was an important industry for Slovenia, because it allowed invisible exports. (2) Cross-border gambling is an important part of gambling for Slovenia. (3) Gambling is a capital and labour intensive industry. (4) In the development of gambling online gaming must not be ignored. The main research question is How important is gaming for Slovenia and what proportion is gambling revenue in national GDP, government expenditure and in employment?
For the purpose of this research, the data was collected from the Slovenia national statistical office or national gambling supervisory office. The main reason in using these sources is intention to observe the total revenue in gambling industry which is important for our discussion. The task to be solved in this paper is to analyze the dataset that is the revenue of gambling within seventeen years (from 2000 to 2016) in order to find out some patterns, cyclical or seasonal features or other significant information that allows to do forecasting of the future consumption with the certain degree of accuracy. The datasets are analyzed using the Tableau 10.4..
Slovenian gambling is export oriented. 75% of players come from abroad. Most are Italians, Austrians, and Chinese. In Slovenia, after 2008, there was no noticeable investment in gambling. Investments in online casinos are also small. The gaming industry has changed a lot in last ten years. It is, therefore, necessary to completely revise the Slovenian gaming business model. This fact is the new one and that is the key added value in the article.
Keywords: Slovenia, gambling, revenues, GDP, tax,
... Igre na srečo lahko definiramo kot igranje iger z negotovim izidom, ki ga (vsaj delno) določa naključje (Bolen in Boyd, 1968). Lahko trdimo, da je tako staro kot človeštvo samo (Kuss in Griffiths, 2012). Pravzaprav obstajajo dokazi iz obdobja prazgodovine, da so ljudje radi hazardirali. ...
... Uvod , se je potrebno zavedati, da to ni novi (Kuss in Griffiths 2012). Nove so njegove pojavne oblike, ki so le posledica razvoja naprav in ju dejavnosti o. ...
... Judi merupakan suatu tindakan yang mempertaruhkan uang atau sesuatu yang berharga, pada sebuah peristiwa dengan hasil yang tidak pasti dan bermaksud untuk memenangkan lebih banyak uang atau barang berharga daripada apa yang dipertaruhkan (Chung et al., 2017). Perkembangan informasi serta teknologi saat ini memfasilitasi perkembangan dari bentuk permainan judi seperti internet atau online gambling, mobile phone gambling dan interactive telephone gambling (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). ...
Online slot gambling is now a popular game among students. The behavior of playing online slot gambling can be formed from a determinant of intention called gambling intention. Gambling intention is a component in the individual that is subjective in determining the decision to bring up or not playing gambling behavior. The emergence of gambling intention in students can be influenced by the social environment, especially peers. Peers who show behavior such as playing gambling can encourage individuals to bring up the intention to play gambling. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to find out about the influence of the role of peers on gambling intention in online slot gambling students in Bandung. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with a non-experimental causality research design. The sample obtained was 160 students of online slot gambling players in the city of Bandung, with simple regression data analysis techniques. The measuring instrument used is the Role of Peers compiled by Prameswari et al (2020) based on the view of the role of peers by Shaffer (2009) and gambling intention by Girsang (2016) which is compiled based on Theory Of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991). The results of this study indicate the positive influence of the role of peers on gambling intention of 0.526, with a significance value of 0.00 <0.05. It is known that the role of peers has the highest influence on the determinants of perceived behavioral control of 0.390, followed by the determinants of subjective norms of 0.380 and attitude towards behavior of 0.292. Abstrak. Judi slot online saat ini menjadi permainan yang terkenal dikalangan mahasiswa. Perilaku bermain judi slot online dapat terbentuk dari determinan intensi disebut gambling intention. Gambling intention merupakan komponen dalam diri individu yang bersifat subjektif menentukan keputusan memunculkan atau tidaknya perilaku bermain judi. Munculnya gambling intention pada mahasiswa dapat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sosial khususnya teman sebaya. Teman sebaya yang menunjukkan perilaku seperti bermain judi dapat mendorong individu memunculkan niat untuk bermain judi. Oleh karena itu peneliti terdorong untuk mencari tahu mengenai pengaruh peran teman sebaya terhadap gambling intention pada mahasiswa pemain judi slot online di Bandung. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan design penelitian kausalitas non-eksperimental. Sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 160 mahasiswa pemain judi slot online di Kota Bandung, dengan teknik analisis data regresi sederhana. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Peran Teman Sebaya yang disusun oleh Prameswari et al (2020) berdasarkan pandangan peran teman sebaya oleh Shaffer (2009) dan gambling intention di oleh Girsang (2016) yang disusun berdasarkan Theory Of Planned Behavior oleh Ajzen (1991). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh positif peran teman sebaya terhadap gambling intention sebesar 0,526, dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,00<0,05. Diketahui peran teman sebaya memiliki pengaruh paling tinggi pada determinan perceived behavioral control sebesar 0,390, dilanjut determinan subjective norms sebesar 0,380 dan attitude towards behavior sebesar 0,292.
... The phenomenon of gambling is not new. It can be defined as playing games with an uncertain result that is determined (at least partly) by chance (Bolen & Boyd, 1968) and it can be claimed to be as old as humanity itself (Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). From prehistoric to modern times we knew only Classical and Special or casino gambling. ...
Purpose – The situation in the field of gambling is changing due to the rise of Internet and Mobile gambling. In general gambling consumption is increasing every year, but the distribution of consumption has radically changed from Land Based gambling to Remote gambling. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the world gambling industry and a specific overview in Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in order to find some main similarities and differences in observed period.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The main research question is How important is gambling for the involved countries and what proportion of the national GDP does the gambling revenue account for? This paper presents the analysis of five statistical databases for the last sixteen years in order to find out some patterns, cyclical or seasonal features or other significant information that allows us to do forecasting of the future revenue with a certain degree of accuracy. We have systematically searched and collected data from the World Bank and the National Statistical Offices websites of the given countries. Statistical methods were used for benchmark analysis, while Box and Jenkins approach and ARIMA modelling were used for forecasting.
Findings – The smallest increase was recorded in Slovenia and the largest in Italy. The same effects were also observed in the GDP of these countries. Thus, the state budgets of Croatia and Italy are increasingly dependent on gambling taxes. It also has negative wages. The gambling addictions among the locals have become more frequent as well.
Originality of the research – The article shows the forecasts of the gambling revenue and its share in the GDP by 2027. We want to alert decision makers to adopt appropriate policies. States need to rethink their views on gambling and the excessive dependence of the state budget on gambling taxes. This is the first time a single comparative analysis of these countries and the above mentioned forecast has been conducted.
In recent years researchers have emphasized the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms as a tool to detect problem gambling online. AI algorithms require a training dataset to learn the patterns of a prespecified group. Problem gambling screens are one method for the collection of the necessary input data to train AI algorithms. The present study’s main aim was to identify the most significant behavioral patterns which predict self-reported problem gambling. In order to fulfil the aim, the study analyzed data from a sample of real-world online casino players and matched their self-report (subjective) responses concerning problem gambling with the participants’ actual (objective) gambling behavior. More specifically, the authors were given access to the raw data of 1,287 players from a European online gambling casino who answered questions on the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) between September 2021 and February 2022. Random forest and gradient boost machine algorithms were trained to predict self-reported problem gambling based on the independent variables (e.g., wagering, depositing, gambling frequency). The random forest model predicted self-reported problem gambling better than gradient boost. Moreover, problem gamblers showed a distinct pattern with respect to their gambling based on the player tracking data. More specifically, problem gamblers lost more money per gambling day, lost more money per gambling session, and deposited money more frequently per gambling session. Problem gamblers also tended to deplete their gambling accounts more frequently compared to non-problem gamblers. A subgroup of problem gamblers identified as being at greater harm (based on their response to PGSI items) showed even higher values with respect to the aforementioned gambling behaviors. The study showed that self-reported problem gambling can be predicted by AI algorithms with high accuracy based on player tracking data.
Nowadays, there are growing views of potentially addictive behaviors such as digital addiction, especially Online Game Addiction (OGA). This study argues that all types of addictions are related to common components, such as salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and problems. Despite the plethora of online game consequences, there is no standard or benchmark used to classify between addicted and non-addicted users. Therefore, this study is organized to identify the factors that contribute to OGA and examine the level of OGA especially among adolescents by utilizing the Online Game Addiction Scale (OGAS). Using the same scale, the adolescents were classified into addicted and non-addicted categories. Driven by previous studies of conventional game addiction, this study adopted all the distinct common components to measure seven underlying criteria related to OGA. The dimensional structure of the scale was analyzed based on the samples of adolescents among students of higher learning institutions (HLI) in Northern Malaysia. Data were collected from 389 participants who responded to an online survey. Based on OGAS, 35 percent of the participants were found to be addicted to online games. In addition, the findings demonstrated good concurrent validity as shown by the coherent associations between the time spent on playing games and the category of the games. This study contributes to the identification of factors that influence OGA among adolescents, which are significant in preventing the occurrence of other behavioral issues such as insecure cyber and emotional behaviors.
Internet technology has facilitated the use of a wide variety of different activities and applications in online contexts. Despite a large amount of research regarding these activities including online social networking, online gaming, online shopping, online sex, and online gambling, very little is known regarding online eating shows called ‘mukbang’ (i.e. a portmanteau of the South Korean words for ‘eating’ [‘meokneun’] and ‘broadcast’ [‘bangsong’] that refers to online broadcasts where individuals eat food and interact with the viewers). The present study carried out a scoping review of the academic and non-academic literature (i.e. peer-reviewed publications, academic theses, and the print media) in order to examine the psychological characteristics of mukbang viewers and consequences of mukbang watching. A total of 11 academic outputs from different disciplinary fields (mainly peer-reviewed papers) and 20 articles from national UK newspapers were identified following an extensive literature search. Results from the scoping review indicated that viewers use mukbang watching for social reasons, sexual reasons, entertainment, eating reasons, and/or as an escapist compensatory strategy. Furthermore, mukbang watching appears to have both beneficial consequences (e.g., diminishing feelings of loneliness and social isolation, constructing a virtual social community,) and non-beneficial consequences (e.g., altering food preferences, eating habits, and table manners, promoting disordered eating, potential excess, and ‘addiction’). Implications of the study and directions for future research are also discussed.
For a small minority of people, gambling can cause poor financial and/or health outcomes. The manner in which problem gamblers experience their lives and themselves in relation to others may play a crucial role in the development and/or maintenance of their gambling. The aim of this study was to examine whether there are any differences between online problem gamblers and offline problem gamblers in their experience of the consequences of their gambling behaviour in relation to quality of life and wellbeing. The analysis of interview data from six online problem gamblers and nine offline problem gamblers revealed that the use of gambling to manage negative emotional states was evident across all participants irrespective of gambling medium, and that problem gamblers experience a high preoccupation with gambling leading to personal, social, and financial negative consequences. The study revealed very few differences between the two groups of problem gamblers. The health problems experienced by the problem gamblers included mental health problems, physical health problems, and emotional health problems. The study has clear implications for clinicians working with problem gamblers, as excessive gambling causes serious problems and in some cases, the gambling behaviour may be seen as a symptom of experiential dysfunction that must be addressed along with the problematic behaviour.
In contrast to offline gambling, the use of online behavioural tracking presents an opportunity for researchers in the social sciences to examine the actual and real-time behaviour engaged in by gamblers. If gaming companies can use behavioural tracking to learn more about their clientele, there is no reason why researchers could not adopt the same practice in carrying out their research. After examining why the online medium is a good place to conduct research with online gamblers, the paper examines the (i) methodological issues in online gambling research, (ii) behavioural tracking tools in online gambling, (iii) the ethics of online data collection by the gambling industry, (iv) ethical issues in online behavioural tracking research, and (v) implications of online behavioural tracking for problem gambling screening criteria. In the main, the most salient problems that online researchers in the gambling studies field are likely to face concern ethical issues (informed consent, deception, public versus private spaces, lurking). Despite such ethical dilemmas, these are not insurmountable and can be remedied if careful thought and rationale is provided.
Behavioral addictions, such as pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, compulsive buying, and compulsive sexual behavior, represent significant public health concerns and are associated with high rates of psychiatric comorbidity and mortality. Although research into the biology of these behaviors is still in the early stages, recent advances in the understanding of motivation, reward, and addiction have provided insight into the possible pathophysiology of these disorders. Biochemical, functional neuroimaging, genetic studies, and treatment research have suggested a strong neurobiological link between behavioral addictions and substance use disorders. Given the substantial co-occurrence of these groups of disorders, improved understanding of their relationship has important implications not only for further understanding the neurobiology of both categories of disorders but also for improving prevention and treatment strategies.
The ability to play National Lottery games via non face-to-face methods is relatively new. Instant Win games on the Internet were launched in February 2003, Lotto and Daily Play online in December 2003, and play-by-text has been available since October 2004. To date, there has been no direct empirical research examining adolescent Internet gambling or any other remote form of gambling such as mobile phone gambling. However, many adolescents are technologically proficient and use the Internet and mobile phones regularly. Therefore, adolescent use of remote gambling is an area worthy of examination over the coming years. The data reported here are taken from the latest national adolescent gambling study carried out by the authors and MORI.
GAMBLING is one of the most frequent of man's endeavors. In various forms it occurs universally in all cultures, all ages, and is participated in widely by those of all societies and social strata. Anthropological studies reveal its frequent occurrence in the most primitive of societies, and our modern games of chance are frequently more sophisticated versions of games once played by our forebears. Gambling is held to have originated in primitive man's fascination with divination and primitive justice since, for the archaic mind, nothing, especially an uncertain event, is without cause and effect.1 Here unpredictable events are determined by supernatural agencies to which one can magically appeal for favor or decision. This is illustrated in the indentification of criminals by the casting of lots or by nut spinning in some precivilized cultures.1
The best, as well as the worst
Technological innovation has always played a role in the development of gambling behaviour, primarily through providing new market opportunities. Early prevalence studies of Internet gambling in the UK, Canada and the US have shown that Internet gambling is not a cause for concern at present However, this seems likely to change as more people start to use the Internet for leisure activities. After a brief overview of gambling technologies and deregulation issues, this paper examines the impact of technology on gambling by highlighting salient factors in the rise of Internet gambling (i.e., accessibility, affordability, anonymity, convenience, escape immersion/dissociation, disinhibition, event frequency, asociability, interactivity, and simulation). The paper also overviews some of the main social impacts surrounding Internet gambling, such as protection of the vulnerable, Internet gambling in the workplace, electronic cash, and unscrupulous operators. Recommendations for Internet gambling operators are also provided.
Challenges, Prevention, and Interventions Edited by Gerhard Meyer, University of Bremen, Germany Tobias Hayer, University of Bremen, Germany Mark Griffiths, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom As a leisure activity, gambling dates back to ancient times. More recently, the surge in avenues for gambling-casinos, sports betting, lotteries, and remote media (e.g.,Internet, mobile phone, interactive television) among them-finds growing numbers of people losing control over their gambling behaviour, usually at great personal and financial expense. Problem Gambling in Europe is the first book to offer a robust international knowledge base compiled by an interdisciplinary panel of researchers in gambling behaviour. Reports from 21 countries throughout Western, Eastern, Northern, and Southern Europe reveal wide variations in types of wagering activities, participation by populations, social and criminal consequences related to pathological gambling, the extent to which governments acknowledge the problem, an efforts to control it (often with the involvement of the gaming industries). For each country, noted experts discuss: Current legislation regulating gambling. Forms of gambling and their addictive potential. Participation rates and demographics. Prevalence of pathological gambling. National policies to address problem gambling. Prevention strategies and treatment methods. Problem Gambling in Europe brings insight and clarity to a widespread and complex phenomenon, and will be of considerable interest to all parties working to reduce their negative effects: social science researchers in addictions, gambling behaviour, and public health; clinical, social, and health psychologists and psychiatrists; treatment practitioners; the gaming industry; regulators; and policy makers. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009. All rights reserved.