Article

Communication and cross-cultural adaptation: An integrative theory. Intercommunication series, 2.

Authors:
To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the author.

Abstract

Cross-cultural adaptation of immigrants, refugees, and sojourners has been extensively investigated in the social sciences, but without an integrative theoretical foundation necessary for comprehensive understanding. This book attempts to meet this need by presenting an interdisciplinary, multidimensional theory, synthesizing the existing conceptualizations and empirical evidence in anthropology, communication, psychiatry, psychology, sociology, sociolinguistics, and related disciplines into a single theoretical scheme. The theory presented in this book is grounded in a systems perspective, based on which a set of assumptions, axioms, theorems, and a model are explicated. It emphasizes the stress-adapatation-growth dynamics of cross-cultural experiences, which bring about cultural strangers' gradual transformation toward increased functional fitness in the host milieu. Effective intrapersonal (cognitive, affective, and behavioural) and social (interpersonal and mass) communication activities are theorized as being at the heart of successful adaptation—along with individual background characteristics and host environmental conditions. The author concludes the book by outlining an integrative research design ideally suited for studying cross-cultural adaptation and by discussing practical implications of the theory for facilitating adaptation of cultural strangers and promoting integration of host societies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

No full-text available

Request Full-text Paper PDF

To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.

... The participants who were considered for participation were only those who had lived in Kenya for not less than a period of two years. The period was prescribed by Kim, (1988Kim, ( , 2001Kim, ( , 2005 cross cultural adaptation theory that posits that the two year period is good enough for a sojourner to have gone through the adaptation process. The dates and times of interviews were agreed upon beforehand and were scheduled at the convenience of the participants. ...
... Consequently, the immigrant traders felt inferior and unwelcomed in the social communication for the local traders/host nationals. These findings echo Kim (1988Kim ( , 2001Kim ( , 2005, who argues that people adjusting in new cultural environment encounter various challenges propelled mostly by lack of host communication competence. The findings further support Furham and Boncher (1986) and Neuliep (2009) who agree that cultural difference is a hindrance to effective intercultural communication. ...
... On adaptation experiences that impinged on their communication with the host nationals, the immigrant traders resolved to give up on their rights of material ownership when threatened and they also acquired necessary immigration documentation to avoid confrontation with the law enforcers. Essentially the immigrant traders acquired host communication competencies (Kim (1988(Kim ( , 2001(Kim ( , 2005) that consequently improved their social relationships with the host nationals. This enticed them to aspire to live in the host country for longer. ...
Article
Full-text available
This paper reports findings of a study that investigated intercultural communication experiences of immigrant traders in a Kenyan informal market. The study employed a qualitative approach, hence a case study of one large urban informal market in Nairobi. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty two participants purposive sampled and the findings were analysed thematically. Findings of the study revealed that cultural challenges, characterized by divergent language and communication styles, led to a breakdown in intercultural communication, and social communication exclusion of the immigrant traders by their hosts. Therefore, local authorities need to initiate cross-cultural adaptation programmes within the informal markets in order to enhance the efficacy of the immigrant traders in intercultural communication.
... Family influence plays a major role in expatriates success or failure while working in the host country (Erogul, & Rahman, 2017;Shockley, Shen & Johnson, 2018;Othman, 2021). The majority of expatriates who do premature repatriation stems from family members' failure to adapt to the state in a new environment (Kim, 2015;Trompetter, Bussin & Nienaber, 2016;Filipic Sterle, Fontaine, De Mol & Verhofstadt, 2018;Mayrhofer, Pernkopf & Reiss, 2020). On the other hand, expatriates who show excellence in their careers also stems from the reliable support given by family members who can deal with foreign cross-cultural Nunes, Felix & Prates, 2017;Bayraktar, 2019;Fei, & Lim, 2020;McNulty & Brewster, 2020). ...
... Table 4 below relates the expatriate view to the broad element of friendly relations is capable of placing the expatriate in a comfortable position to be in a conducive environment either at work or in personal life. Referring to selected interviews, statements supporting the relationship between having a friendly relationship at work and social networking with the local community as one of the determinants for expatriate success in adapting to the host country environment are presented (Kim, 2015;Othman, 2019). The following is a narrative excerpt from the respondents' interview regarding the significance of friendly relations and the adjustment of expatriate adaptation "It is common for us to gain a friendship that would last for a long time. ...
... From his perspective, expatriates have a high reliance on harmony in treading a career in a foreign country, and their career depends on their acceptance in the host country (Rashid Aziz, 2014; Bayraktar, 2019). Academic Expatriate 1 also emphasises the special element of friendship with the local community as a criterion that should be achieved by the expatriate to give them the advantage to be in a comfortable position and able to compete competitively and produce quality work (Kim, 2015;Canhilal, Canboy & Bakici, 2020;Othman, 2021). Academic Expatriate 5 also agrees that the friendship element is a needed value in a multiracial community in Malaysia. ...
Article
Full-text available
This paper provides an understanding of the social structure, which is seen as a phenomenology that refers to one's thinking about the interpretation and meaning of life experience based on the presence of individuals in economic position, political scenario, statehood, and education system in a country that is not his country of origin. Thus, the interpretation among these independent expatriates is debated by taking into account the role of social structures such as family institutions and the environment of friendship in relation to the significance of expatriate experiences in the host country. In other words, the discussion presented in this paper is to achieve the objective of the study in unravelling the expatriate's interpretation of the expatriate decision, whether it is closely related to the experience of his family members during the expatriate service in the host country.The research was conducted by utilising qualitative methods of in-depth interviews with 30 expatriate academics selected from four Malaysian public universities. The appropriate respondent criteria include the following characteristics, namely (a) has resided for at least a year in Malaysia using a valid employee visa, (b) has been offered a position as academic staff and has renewed his service contract, (c) is an expatriate with his own initiative in expatriating and (d) works full time and is not classified as an exchange staff between universities or those on sabbatical leave.The study results show that the interpretation of family members on the meaning of expatriation experience gives justification for expatriate to remain in the host country. While moral support from friendship provides a positive indication of expatriate’s performance in the context of work throughout performing international duties. Further supporting social networks relationship with the local community is also one of the determinants of expatriate success in adapting to the host country environment.
... This ethnographic study mms to extend Kim's (1988Kim's ( , 2001 model of cross-cultural adaptation and Jin's (1992;Jin and Cortazzi, 1993) Cultural Synergy model by providing qualitative data to demonstrate the two-way intercultural adaptation process between Chinese students and British lecturers/students in a MBA programme at 'Weston University' (a pseudonym) in the UK, in both classroom and group communication contexts. The total population of this study is 228 (190 students and 38 academic staff) in 2003-2004. ...
... A backgr~und introduction to traditional Chinese culture and academic culture is presented, since cultural distance and academic cultural distance are identified as two underlying factors that influence Chinese students' intercultural adaptation process. Intercultural adaptation is a process of self growth involving one's behavioural, cognitive and affective factors change over time (Kim, 1988(Kim, ,2001Ward, 1996), and a process of one's cultural identity adaptation from mono cultural to intercultural (Kim, 2001). Meanwhile it is a process of one's intercultural sensitivity development, ranging from ethnocentric to ethnorelative (Bennett, 1986(Bennett, , 1993. ...
... A model of two-way intercultural adaptation process and a concept of Intercultural Adaptation Competence (lAC) is developed from the research findings. The concept of lAC distinguishes three intrapersonal elements of ICC (cognitive, affective and behavioural) by recognizing the affective factor as the 'deep structure' among these elements, and it includes two other dimensions -intercultural communication and intercultural relationship, thus the concept of lAC is an extension of the concept of Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC), or Kim's (1988Kim's ( , 2001 Host Communication Competence (HCC). The sense of other-orientation and willingness to support are identified as the main components of lAC. ...
Thesis
p>This ethnographic study mms to extend Kim's (1988, 2001) model of cross-cultural adaptation and Jin's (1992; Jin and Cortazzi, 1993) Cultural Synergy model by providing qualitative data to demonstrate the two-way intercultural adaptation process between Chinese students and British lecturers/students in a MBA programme at 'Weston University' (a pseudonym) in the UK, in both classroom and group communication contexts. The total population of this study is 228 (190 students and 38 academic staff) in 2003-2004. A backgr~und introduction to traditional Chinese culture and academic culture is presented, since cultural distance and academic cultural distance are identified as two underlying factors that influence Chinese students' intercultural adaptation process. Intercultural adaptation is a process of self growth involving one's behavioural, cognitive and affective factors change over time (Kim, 1988,2001; Ward, 1996), and a process of one's cultural identity adaptation from mono cultural to intercultural (Kim, 2001). Meanwhile it is a process of one's intercultural sensitivity development, ranging from ethnocentric to ethnorelative (Bennett, 1986, 1993). This study aims to explore how both Chinese students and British lecturers/students meet each other's academic expectations and adapt to the intercultural academic identity (a mixture of Chinese and British cultures of learning) and how they cope with the dilemma of retaining their original academic identities (and co-national relationship) as well as developing new academic identities - intercultural academic identities (and inter-relationships), based on Berry et al. 's (1988, 1989) acculturation model and Jin's (1992, Jin and Cortazzi, 1993) cultural synergy model. This study accepts an interpretive-qualitative paradigm and adopts ethnography as its research strategy, with an emphasis on the process of participants' intercultural adaptation in the particular cultural contexts. A mixed method or triangulation is adopted as the main data collection method, which involves participant observation, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and documentary analysis. Grounded theory is the main analysis strategy for generating the new concept and theoretical model. Several analysis methods are employed: episode analysis, transcript analysis, artificial 'dialogue', comparative analysis, and key sentence quote. The research findings indicate that Chinese students and British lecturers/students underwent three-stage adaptation processes in both classroom and group communication contexts, from the initial unfamiliarity and frustration, relatively good relationship, via gradual adaptation but more frustration, less good relationship, to the final stage of gradual adaptation and relaxation (better communication and relationship between those adopting integration strategies, less good communication and relationship between those adopting separation strategies).</p
... According to Kim (2001), the process of intercultural adaptation is an interactive process that develops through the communication activities of individual with their new socio-cultural environment. The individual ability to communicate according to local cultural norms and values depends on the process of adjustment or adaptation of immigrants (Gudykunst & Kim 2003). ...
... The individual ability to communicate according to local cultural norms and values depends on the process of adjustment or adaptation of immigrants (Gudykunst & Kim 2003). Kim (2001) mentions that there are five factors of adaptation i.e.: personal communication, host social communication, ethnic social communication, environment, and predisposition. Personal communication occurs when an individual feels the things that are in his environment, then gives meaning and reacts to objects and other people in his environment. ...
... Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra discusses the background of the individual before he gets to the new culture and environment (Kim 2001). ...
Article
Full-text available
The mobility from East to West in nowadays perspective might be very different from that of the old days. This paper discusses the mobility of Natsume Soseki from Japan to London in the early 1900s and the cultural adaptation he does there. This research applied descriptive analysis method and the cultural adaptation theory with a novel entitled Rondontō as the material object. Some studies related to this were use as both references and supporting instruments. The findings showed that the mobility of Soseki to London is indeed affects many things in his life. However, from the cultural adaptation perspective, it appears that Soseki does not adapt well to his new society in the city. Though he accepts his new environment and also communicate well with the host or Londoners, but the acceptance of the host and the pressure to adapt have led him to uncomfortable situation. These factors affect the functional fitness where he is not expecting much from the new environment as well as his psychological health where he feels like not belonging to the place. Despite the uncomfortable situation, the mobility gives him an important experience and affects much to him, especially his works and life as a scholar of English literature.
... such as when excessive consumption of home media hinders language gain, increases nostalgia for the home country, or slows the adaptation process (Kim, 2001;Yang et al., 2004. Among studies examining the role of media during cross-cultural transitions, few look at music's influence during international sojourns. ...
... We use Kim's (2001) integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation (ITCCA) and Pitts' (2016) extension of ITCCA to re-entry as sensitizing frameworks to capture the complexities of cross-cultural (re)adaptation. While some of ITCCA's claims have been criticized (Sandel, 2014), it provides a valuable framework to explore (re) adaptation. ...
... According to ITCCA, this process unfolds as a complex and repeating cycle of stress-adaptation-growth. Upon entry into a new culture, people experience stress due to the loss of familiar signs, norms, and practices, and due to internal conflicts between the needs to adjust and to preserve aspects of the home culture (Kim, 2001). As people adopt new behaviours consistent with the new culture (acculturation) and drop practices from their culture of origin (deculturation), they find a new "fit with the environment" (i.e. ...
Article
Full-text available
This study explores the ways music can facilitate cross-cultural transitions in academic sojourns. It builds on music’s specific capacities for emotionally rich experiences, interpersonal connection and synchronization, and universality. Focus groups and interviews with U.S. and international students reveal that music helped students to establish new routines, become open to new genres, learn about the local culture, connect to others, and manage emotions. In a similar way, music facilitated the re-entry and allowed students to memorialize the study abroad experience. Our findings suggest that music can facilitate cross-cultural transitions via individual and collective experiences of music making and listening.
... Foreign workers, for instance, often adjust quickly to their new work environment but take much longer to achieve a general living adjustment. Kim's (1988) cross-cultural adaptation theory provides strong support for the interaction-based model of adjustment. Kim argues that when people first arrive in a new culture they struggle to cope with the experience. ...
... Kim argues that when people first arrive in a new culture they struggle to cope with the experience. But as a result of their struggles, new learning and growth occurs (acculturation), characterized by cognitive, affective and behavioural changes which, together, facilitate communication with local people and promote positive attitudes towards the host culture [12]. The theory of cross-cultural adaptation is grounded on the premise that humans possess an innate inclination to adjust and assimilate to their surroundings. ...
Article
Full-text available
The feeling of profound disorientation experienced by an individual when encountering a foreign culture is designated in the specialized literature as culture shock. It represents a traumatizing experience described by explorers and missionaries who arrived in places where completely unfamiliar languages were spoken and where customs and traditions were strange. But the acceptance into a new culture largely depends on the immigrant’s willingness and ability to communicate with members of the culture in accordance with their cultural norms and conventions. Acceptance is accelerated when the immigrant makes an effort to learn the local language and communicate regularly with the local people thus becomes familiar with their beliefs and cultural values.
... According to this theory, different cultures have different norms, values, and beliefs about conflict, which influence the way conflicts, are understood and managed (Chen & Starosta, 2000). In particular, the cultural theory of conflict resolution identifies four basic cultural types, each with its own distinctive approach to conflict resolution: hierarchical, individualistic, egalitarian, and fatalistic (Kim, 2005;Gelfand & Realo, 1999). ...
... Egalitarian cultures place a high value on equality, mutual respect, and consensus-building. In these cultures, conflicts may be resolved through open communication, collaboration, and a shared commitment to finding mutually acceptable solutions (Kim, 2005). Lastly, fatalistic cultures tend to be characterized by a sense of resignation and powerlessness in the face of conflict (Triandis, 2006). ...
Article
Full-text available
Culture of an organisation is a crucial factor, which determines how disputes are resolved within organisations. There is however a dearth of studies conducted on how specific aspects of organisational culture influence effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms. In light of the foregoing, this study was carried out to empirically examine how organisational culture affects dispute resolution in a few tertiary institutions in Ogun State. A survey approach was used in this study to reach this goal. Academic workers from a few higher schools in Ogun State, including Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, D. S. Adegbenro Polytechnic, and Ogun State Institute of Technology, make up the population. Using the Yamane sample determination formula, a sample size of 283 was determined from a population of 970 people. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire as the instrument. Using SPSS version 23, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the acquired data. The analysis of the data showed that in the chosen institutions, leadership orientation, organisational policies, and organisational values significantly affect dispute resolution. The study draws the conclusion that organisational culture significantly affects dispute resolution in the chosen tertiary institutions based on the findings. The study made several recommendations, one of which was that HR professionals constantly teach managers and staff within their businesses on effective leadership and followership orientation in order to improve the effectiveness of conflict resolution. JEL Classification: J81; Z21; Z22; Q15, Q17.
... Adaptasi budaya mengacu pada proses perubahan dari waktu ke waktu yang terjadi pada individu yang telah menjalani proses sosialisasi awal dalam satu budaya dan terus berlanjut, menjadi dekat dengan budaya baru dan tidak biasa secara berkepanjangan (Kim, 1998 ...
... Menurut teori interaksi simbolik, kehidupan sosial pada dasarnya adalah "interaksi manusia dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol" (Kuswarno, 2009 Adaptasi budaya mengacu pada proses dari perubahan dari waktu ke waktu yang terjadi pada individu yang telah menjalani proses sosialisasi awal dalam satu budaya dan terus berlanjut, menjadi dekat dengan budaya baru dan tidak biasa secara berkepanjangan (Kim, 1998 ...
Article
Full-text available
Hare Krishna is a teaching that focuses on the spiritual aspects of humans originating from India. A Hare Krishna follower must follow the rules to become a vegetarian. This study aims to reveal the communication experience of adherents of Hare Krishna teachings who are vegetarians in the province of Bali. Adherents of Hare Krishna teachings in Bali are the focus of this research because Hare Krishna teachings are growing very rapidly in Bali Province. Based on this, this research was conducted using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Phenomenology was chosen because the communication experience that is the purpose of this research can be revealed not only from the physical experience that is visible but also the spiritual experience experienced by Hare Krishna adherents when they live their lives as vegetarians. The results showed that the communication experience of Hare Krishna adherents with other people who came from outside the adherents was in the form of verbal jokes, debates between believers in Bali, adaptation to Balinese culture, and efforts to spread the teachings of Hare Krishna in Bali.
... The first year of study abroad is a crucial transition period that can predict the student's adjustment period. Gilakjani, 2015;Kim, 2015 Students' confidence in continuing their studies abroad is influenced by their ability to communicate effectively. Gilakjani, 2015;Kim, 2015;Trujillo, Mohammed and Saleh, 2020;Jupiter, Othman, Yusoff and Muda, 2021) International students have poor English proficiency in terms of comprehension, listening, and verbal mastery. ...
... Gilakjani, 2015;Kim, 2015 Students' confidence in continuing their studies abroad is influenced by their ability to communicate effectively. Gilakjani, 2015;Kim, 2015;Trujillo, Mohammed and Saleh, 2020;Jupiter, Othman, Yusoff and Muda, 2021) International students have poor English proficiency in terms of comprehension, listening, and verbal mastery. Not good at communicating in terms of pronunciation intonation, conversational style and lack of confidence. ...
Article
Full-text available
The academic aspect plays a vital role as a 'transformative' element in bringing change into the life of each individual. One of the main goals of students continuing their studies abroad is to obtain a high-quality education. The first-year experience is considered an important phase involving self-assimilation, emotional change, cultural shock and social values that can influence the academic achievement of international students. The discussion of this paper elucidates the factors that contribute to the more meaningful first-year experience differences by comparing the process of self-assimilation and academic achievement of international students. In-depth interviews with 40 international students from four Malaysian public universities were conducted using a qualitative method approach that used objective sampling techniques. The findings lead to a self-reflection on the nature of international students, which is expressed through a narrative outpouring of emotions that describe the excitement, desire, and hope. The elements of transformation and self-assimilation of students in this study are interconnected with (i) the reputation of Malaysian public universities as a prestigious educational destination, (ii) the quality of a more comprehensive and 'versatile' higher education system, (iii) the flexibility and dynamics of the academic programs offered, and (iv) contemporary and ‘market driven' academic programs. The empirical data from this study is hoped to be useful information for the university's human resource management, which relies heavily on international student enrolment. This effort is in line with Malaysia's National Strategic Plan for Higher Education or PSPTN, which was created to transform the country into a global hub of higher education excellence.
... The present study builds on these largely descriptive findings, so as to add clarity and depth to the current understanding of the role of ethnic proximity or distance in the adaptation process of international students in general, and Asian students in particular. By grounding this study in Kim's (1988Kim's ( , 2001Kim's ( , 2005Kim's ( , 2012Kim's ( , 2015 Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation, the authors seek to explain why and how differing national/ethnic backgrounds of international students play a role in shaping their adaptation experiences. ...
... Based on Kim's (1988Kim's ( , 2001Kim's ( , 2005Kim's ( , 2012Kim's ( , 2015 Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation, the authors have sought to add clarity and depth to the largely descriptive insight generated from previous studies comparing adaptation experiences of Asian and European students. By linking ethnic distance to three other key factors (host communication competence, host interpersonal communication, and psychological health), and the reciprocal influences between and among them as identified in the five research hypotheses, the present study offers a more systematic explanation as to why and how Asian college students generally experience a greater level of difficulty than their European counterparts in the American social and cultural environment. ...
Article
Introduction. The study examines the psychological, academic, social and cultural adaptation of indigenous students to a vocational school environment with a focus on representatives of indigenous peoples from the North, Siberia and the Far East. The purpose of the research is to model the processes of students’ socio-psychological adaptation to vocational college in a new socio-cultural environment. Materials and Methods. The systematic scholarly literature review was conducted in 2022 using the following search engines and electronic bibliographic databases: Google Scholar, Scopus, RSCI, and ERIC. The analysis included Russian and English language articles published between 2000 and 2022 reporting the results of the original empirical research on the problem of student adjustment to college in a changing socio-cultural environment. Of the 975 articles selected for systematic analysis, 68 sources met the search criteria. Results. A systematic literature review enabled us to identify two groups of social psychological resources for student adaptation to college in the new sociocultural environment: individual resources (individual psychological and academic) and environmental resources (including educational environment within the college and system of interpersonal relations). Based on the results of the systematic review, a theoretical model of the socio-psychological adjustment of the students (representatives of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East) to the vocational education institution in the new socio-cultural environment, which describes the procedural and structural elements of the adjustment process, as well as the interplay of personal, meso- and macro-environmental adaptation resources is proposed. Conclusions. The theoretical adaptation model of Students from Indigenous Minorities of the North, Siberia students, created on the basis of a systematic analysis of the literature, makes it possible to develop on its basis the technology for assessing the adaptation resources of the students of the CIS and DV and the measures of psychological, educational and social support for students belonging to the risk group, to the development of programs to prevent academic mismatch and student dropout. The prospects of the study include empirical verification of the proposed model.
... Kam (2014) Local students distant themselves from the international students causing them not to like group assignment. Kim (2015) The ability to communicate affects international students' decision to continue their study overseas. Kuo (2011); Gilakjani (2015) The English proficiency criteria involve the comprehension, listening and speaking skills, pronunciation intonation, conversation style and lack of confidence in interactions. ...
... Academic staff should consider this non-compliance attitude to teaching in Malay for the courses offered to international students, simply because the number of local students registered for the course is greater than the number of international students, as unacceptable. If the lecturers are concerned about the local students' low proficiency in English, they should also concern about the international students' rights to get education by using English as the medium of instruction in their classes (Liew, 2012;Kim, 2015;James-MacEachern & Yun, 2017). ...
Article
Full-text available
Globalization has made it possible for international students to pursue their studies overseas. Malaysia is one of the leading destinations for these students to continue their studies, and this aligns with our vision to achieve the internationalization of higher education by the year 2025. This intense initiative has made our educational institutions recognized globally towards world prestigious educational hub. In relation to this, this article aims to analyze the international students' feedback on their experience in the self-sufficiency adapting process that has become the stakeholders' focus. The study uses the qualitative approach by utilizing the semi-structured interviews of 40 international students in the first year of their study in selected public universities. The findings of the study show a positive relationship between the students' self-sufficiency and their academic performance. The factors contributing to the different self-sufficiency adaptation of the students were discussed in the context of the recognition for the public university's reputation, current courses offered by the university, the courses' marketability, English as the medium use in the university teaching delivery, customers' satisfaction, and the guaranteed quality services coordination, and. continuous accreditation recognition. The findings will become valuable information for future international students planning to further their study overseas. The findings can also be used as guidelines by the university's management in understanding the implication of self-sufficiency and sustainability on international students' academic performance.
... Kim [9] suggests that the ability to communicate culturally between different cultural groups is intercultural competence, which is not natural, but is acquired and internalized by different groups through communication and exploration, and helps to achieve cross-cultural conflict resolution. ...
Article
Full-text available
In today’s accelerated globalization process, the links between countries are becoming increasingly close. The English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) also sets out new requirements for students’ intercultural communication competence. The relationship between language and culture is reflected behind intercultural communication competence, and the development of students’ intercultural communication competence is valued by educational circles at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper discusses the current situation of the development of English intercultural communication competence in junior high schools from three perspectives, that are schools, teachers and students.
... Understanding the true meaning of expressions requires a deep understanding of shared cultural foundations and a heightened awareness of non-verbal cues (Gudykunst, 2003). This complex interplay necessitates an elevated level of cultural familiarity and context awareness, which are essential components for building effective communication (Kim, 2000). The complicated dynamics of high-context communication in Japan emphasize the essential role of context in enabling clear and profound interaction (Matsumoto, 1988). ...
Article
Full-text available
The core findings of the study reveal the fundamental role of collectivism, high-context communication, and hierarchical structure in shaping conversation practices in Japan. Collectivism, a cornerstone of Japanese culture, emphasizes group harmony and consensus, leading to indirect and subtle communication. High-context communication, deeply rooted in Japanese tradition, emphasizes the importance of shared context and implicit conversation cues. These elements, interlaced with a hierarchical social structure, dictate word choices and unspoken aspects of communication. The study also offers practical strategies for individuals and organizations guiding the complex landscape of Japanese communication. The research employed a mixed-methods approach to explore cross-cultural communication dynamics in Japan. The researchers gathered primary data through interviews, surveys, and thematic analysis of case studies. By shedding light on the complicated interlinks between Japanese culture and communication, along with media choice, this work provides valuable insights for those aspiring to bridge cultural gaps and engage successfully in the multifaceted world of Japanese communication.
... Patterns and quality of intercultural communication in developed economies, such as the USA, Japan, and the UK, exhibit distinct trends and characteristics. According to a study by Gudykunst and Kim (2017), intercultural communication in these countries has shown a growing emphasis on diversity and inclusion, with organizations increasingly recognizing the importance of effective cross-cultural communication skills. In the USA, for instance, where diversity is a hallmark, the quality of intercultural communication has improved significantly over the past decade, with a 20% increase in the number of organizations providing diversity and inclusion training (Smith, 2019). ...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate dynamics of cultural diversity and intercultural communication in the era of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Brazil showcases a vibrant blend of cultural diversity and cosmopolitanism, where various traditions coexist. While cosmopolitanism fosters openness to global perspectives, social and economic inequalities persist, impacting access to opportunities. Ethnic and racial tensions remain, particularly affecting marginalized communities. In summary, Brazil's multicultural landscape presents a dynamic mix of cultural influences, but challenges related to inequality and cultural identity preservation persist. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural pluralism theory, cosmopolitanism theory & contact theory may be used to anchor future studies on dynamics of cultural diversity and intercultural communication in the era of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism. Organizations, educational institutions, and community programs should prioritize intercultural competence training. Advocate for multicultural policies that recognize and celebrate cultural diversity within societies.
... The concept of home has been a constant focus of intercultural studies (Bhaba, 2014;Ferri, 2020;Kim, 1988Kim, , 2001Nakayana and Halaluani, 2010;Scollon et al., 2012). Home is what churns out the notion of otherness, much as the idea of one's identity is shaped by experiences of difference. ...
Article
Full-text available
In this article we discuss the lived, embodied experience of home-making in relation to identity and belonging through the example of a service-learning project conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic in a higher education setting in London, UK. We also explore the notion of belonging-not-belonging as a cultural, material and embodied construct, inspired by critical pedagogy. We draw on posthumanism, new materialism, intercultural studies, (auto-)ethnography and creative practice research as possible lines of flight in deconstructing the dichotomy between home and a ‘foreign’ territory-other-than-home that sits at the core of intercultural discourses. We present this project as a possible alternative discourse to (un)do more traditional considerations of home-making as a much more complex construct; in the encounter with new territories, humans and other-than-human artefacts, objects, machines and landscapes, we argue that home-making is a continuous, never-finished process that moves the learner and their teachers continuously. We aim to bring to the forefront new emerging considerations of intercultural studies at the intersection with interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary and cross-institutional discourses, breaking away from a more traditional and neoliberal view about what belonging means within the context of higher education.
... The ironic approach to the self allows one to interpret and comprehend the coexistence of both human aspects, the need for belonging and self-identification due to the sense of rootlessness, and the possibility of a free individual development of one's personhood. Particularly the contact between different cultures provides the basis for a multilateral development and cross-cultural adaptation of individuals, who may open themselves for "intercultural personhood" (Kim 2001;Kim 2008). ...
... Indonesians have a high-context communication style, where the context and nonverbal cues are as important as verbal communication. Therefore, it is essential to pay attention to nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice when communicating with Indonesians (Kim, 1988). ...
Article
Full-text available
Indonesia is a multicultural country with a deep cultural history. There are more than 300 different ethnic groups in the nation, and each has its own distinct traditions and customs. Relationship- and understanding-building between various cultures heavily depends on communication. Intercultural communication is so crucial in Indonesia. This review article's goal is to examine intercultural communication in Indonesia from a variety of angles. The obstacles of intercultural communication in Indonesia, as well as techniques for productive intercultural communication in Indonesia, are all examined in this article. The study's foundation is an analysis of the body of work on intercultural communication in Indonesia. The results show that understanding the cultural values, communication practises, and customs of the various ethnic groups is necessary for effective intercultural communication.
... Throughout the systematic research of intercultural adaptation in the past 70 years, overseas students have probably the more accessibility and distinctiveness in the empirical literature, compared to the other culture contact groups such as immigrants, business people, travelers, volunteers, and diplomats, etc. The conclusions identify culture shock, adjustment sequence and various curves, stress and coping strategies of intercultural adaptation theoretical propositions , Berry, 1997Berry, Kim, Power, Young, & Bujaki, 1989;Ward and Kennedy, 1994;Ward, 1996;Kim & Young Yun, 2001), and elaborate themes of international students' experience and various influence factors, such as interpersonal interactions, intergroup perceptions and relations, social support, social identification, intercultural classroom, cultural distance (Furnham and Bochner, 1982;Opper et al., 1990;Searle and Ward, 1990;Henderson et al., 1993;Redmond, 2000). Academic difficulties were also ranked as some of the most salient problems by overseas students in a Canadian study (Chataway and Berry, 1989). ...
Article
The empirical research has not provided definitive answers to questions about how to assess and report academic adjustment and whether or not it influences psychological and sociocultural adjustments. This study is a longitudinal investigation into the relationship between academic and psychological adjustment of international students from South Asian countries in a cross-cultural learning context who partied in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages (TCSOL) teacher education programs in Chinese universities. Using Zun's Self-Rating Depression Scale and the self-developed Scale of Academic Adaptation, the first test in December 2017 (T1) and the second in December 2019 (T2) were conducted to measure depression, learning motivation , learning behavior, learning efficacy, academic achievement, and satisfaction of South Asian students. The paper discovered significant positive correlations between five variables, indicating an interaction between the five aspects showing how involved and effective overseas students were in learning in China and a cross-lagged relationship between depression and academic adjustment. This longitudinal empirical study of international students in China aimed to help expand the application of cross-cultural adjustment theory in different educational backgrounds , and provide diverse samples and methods different from the traditional western perspective.
... However, recent theorizing within cross-cultural literature supports a notion of reentry that involves complex patterns of (re)calibration that is part of a larger process of cross-cultural adaptation. According to Kim's (2001) integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation (ITCCA), cross-cultural adaptation is a process that unfolds as a complex and repeating cycle of stressadaptation-growth situated within an open environment. Upon entry into a new culture, sojourners experience stress due to internal conflicts between the needs to adjust and to simultaneously preserve aspects of the home culture (Uehara, 1983). ...
Article
Full-text available
This study explores the unique experience of disrupted sojourns and early reentry among U.S. college students who were abruptly repatriated from their study abroad experience in March 2020. Using a combination of focus groups and interviews with 25 U.S. returning students, the findings suggest that students’ experiences were characterized by themes of accelerated reentry and a deep grieving process, as well as numerous financial, academic, interpersonal, and COVID-19 related stressors. The findings also highlight returning students’ coping strategies of staying busy, seeking social support, and reframing the situation under a positive light. This research provides insights into the challenges and adjustments associated with a heretofore unstudied phenomenon of early reentry among returning students. Important practical implications for study abroad programs and administrators who might face additional cases of early reentry due to the uncertainty of the pandemic are discussed.
... Considering the importance and sensitivity of religions to their followers, religious education has become indispensable in widening people's understanding of different religions and the obligations, rituals, myths, and taboos associated with them (Sosis, 2020). Religious education provides students with the knowledge needed to think critically beyond their specific faith and, thus, live alongside each other with peace, respect, and solidarity without losing their religious identities (see Kim 1988). They can also clearly understand the difference between the state and religion (Opoku et al., 2015), which promotes the social, economic, and political development of the country (Ministry of Education 2019). ...
Article
Full-text available
There seems to be apparent silence on the discussion of the influence of religion on human and national development due to the intolerance and divisiveness amongst the various religious groupings in Ghana. Contemporary discourse on the right to education and freedom of education finds it confusing whether harmony exists between the two or if one infringes on the other. Ghanaian educational environments suggest that the existence of academic and religious freedom is not present in the actual educational settings. School syllabi, rules, regulations, and pedagogical approaches pose considerable challenges to the quest for freedom of education and religion. Through documentary analysis and the concepts of freedom of education and the right to education, this research examined the challenges and opportunities of religious education in the Ghanaian educational environment. The research suggested that relevant and critical pedagogical approaches should be used to teach religious education to allow religious tolerance and coexistence amongst the various religious bodies within schools and communities. Keywords: Religious education, freedom of education, right to education, critical pedagogy, human development, spiritual development
... However, adaptation is a questionable factor in developing intercultural competence (Spitzberg & Changnon, 2009). For example, Kim (1988) considers adaptation as a key factor for communication in an unfamiliar environments, and she assumes that adaptation happens when a person moves to a new culture, but we need to understand how and why adaptation happens. Moreover, the perspective of people in the host culture is not addressed in these models. ...
Article
In providing health services, it is important not just to follow good care pathways but also to recognise the diversity in the population and adapt the way we care for patients to reflect this. If health professionals do not recognise the cultural needs of patients this is likely to result in poorer health outcomes for those patients. Whilst education is seen as the method of enhancing intercultural competence of future pharmacists, the diversity of the academic environment in which students learn can affect their development of intercultural competence. Ensuring students appreciate the impact of interculturally competent practice and providing them with the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to be interculturally competent health professionals can result in better patient care. The literature suggests that pharmacists in the United Kingdom (UK) are not always competent in providing services to a diverse patient population. Few studies in the literature have considered the role of cultural education in pharmacy schools in the UK. This thesis aims to understand the cultural intelligence of pharmacy students and test an educational intervention at the University of Nottingham (UoN). The thesis employed a mixed methods approach through conducting a series of studies. Firstly, a questionnaire was distributed to all final year pharmacy students at the UoN (UK campus). Ninety-eight out of 241 (40%) students completed the questionnaire for the academic year 2017/18. Results suggest a lack of cultural knowledge and the need for cultural training. This was followed by semi-structured interviews with 35 final year pharmacy students, which found that students from different cultures had different attitudes towards their peers and raised student-chosen racial segregation as a barrier to effective intercultural contact. Finally, a novel educational intervention was designed and tested with 14 final year pharmacy students for the academic year 2018/19. The intervention focused on two areas, interaction with peers, and with patients. Results provide convincing evidence that suggest the need for wider testing of the effectiveness and duration of effect of the educational intervention. Despite the opportunities provided during their time at the UoN, students identified some challenges for educational providers in that their intercultural interactions and capability were affected by prior experiences, speaking more than one language, and sharing accommodation with people from different cultural backgrounds. This research was only implemented with one cohort of students in the School of Pharmacy at the University of Nottingham and so needs to be tested in other schools and institutions to provide a knowledge base that can direct future research and policies. Work also needs to be done at the organisational level to develop policies and practices that lead to positive outcomes in the community. The findings provide educators, researchers, students, and pharmacists with insights about factors that may facilitate or hinder the development of cultural intelligence among pharmacy students. These insights can be used to improve the academic environment and also training for pharmacists providing pharmaceutical services.
... The corporate cultural distance measure is related to cultural adaptation, which is considered a common process of environmental adaptation and deep-rooted in human nature (Kim, 1988, Anderson, 1994, and Kim, 2017. When a manager leaves a familiar corporate culture for a new one, the distance between the two corporate cultures is the proxy for managers' cultural adaptation costs. ...
Thesis
The dissertation consists of three essays that contribute to the literature on machine learning in empirical finance. In the first paper, I create proxies for managers’ cultural fit using one of the latest machine learning technologies – the sentence embedding model - by analysing 11.5 million speeches in earnings calls. A better cultural fit is significantly and positively correlated with managerial tenure. I demonstrate that the effect of cultural fit on managerial tenure is causal using random survival forests. Firms that hire culturally disruptive managers have lower future market values and performance. The stock market reacts positively to signals that indicate low cultural dispersion within the firm. In the second paper, we document a gender-based attention effect in the sensitivity of mutual fund flows to fund performance using individual-level fund data from a fintech platform in China. Investors increase (decrease) flows to funds following positive and strong (negative and weak) prior-month performance. However, although there is no significant difference in the performance of male and female managers, the sensitivity effect significantly weakens if the fund manager is female. The effect persists after controlling for the tone of news articles on fund managers, measured using a state-of-the-art machine learning model. Simply put, investors react less to the performance of female fund managers. In the third paper, we document a significant, up to 10-fold increase in the synchronicity of intra-day, ultra-high frequency stock returns over the last decade. This surge in the intra-day synchronicity across stocks coincided with the advent of electronic, automated trading in U.S. markets. Using changes to the S&P500 index, we establish evidence of a causal relationship using a new machine learning tool - causal random forests. When firms are included in this major index, they enter the radar of high frequency arbitrageurs and market-making bots. These automated trading bots, who monitor prices in major securities closely and continuously, increase their quoting activities significantly and cause individual stocks’ returns to synchronize at the microstructure level.
... According to the literature, having knowledge of the culture of the host country as well as their language helps to promote people's cross-cultural adaptation. Based on that, enhancing foreign students' intercultural knowledge can be achieved through the adoption of an integrative approach held by the university [94]. Therefore, the UD's responsibility is to afford the chance and opportunity which encourage and motivate foreign students to integrate into the host society. ...
Article
Full-text available
This study aims to validate Fantini’s intercultural competence scale in a sample of foreign students in a Central European context, and to figure out the pathways which are critical in improving the intercultural competence of foreign students. To achieve that, the study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to construct the structural equation model (SEM). The results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid for assessing foreign students’ intercultural competence. In addition, using the first-order CFA as a baseline model, the SEM indicates that each intercultural knowledge, attitude, and skills are essential in predicting the intercultural awareness of the students. On the other hand, enhanced awareness plays an important role in promoting the development of these factors. Based on that, the study provides university decision-makers with valuable information which can be helpful in formulating related policies and rules aiming to enhance the integration and intercultural contact between foreign and Hungarian students at the university environment.
... There are prominent obstacles to authentic internationalization, including problems international students face when adjusting to new environments (Kim, 2000). In contrast to domestic students, international students are more likely to experience challenges with social integration than academic integration (Park, 2019). ...
Article
Full-text available
In this paper, a case is made that campus internationalization and the social integration of both domestic and international students may be fostered through volunteerism. This argument is supported by data from a survey (n = 122) of a performing arts volunteer organization at a large Midwestern public university. The survey examines the national diversity of the organization, its inclusion practices, and student perceptions of their own cross-national interactions. The results are augmented by participant-observation data from an international graduate student volunteer. Discussion includes a consideration of respondent satisfaction with the organization's diversity and inclusion practices, as well as their experience socializing and making friends while volunteering. It is worth identifying successful organizations such as the one described in this paper because the defining factor for success may depend on specific attitudes and practices.
... Many researchers have examined the cross-cultural adaption or other related concepts in the realm of acculturation and cultural shock. The term cross-cultural adaption has been used to indicate a wide range of definitions which include a host language ability, a feeling of acceptance, the nature and extent of interaction with host nationals, or the acquisition of culturally acceptable behaviors (5). Cross-cultural adaption is often described as a stressful process for international students (6). ...
Article
Full-text available
International university students may be at greater risk for developing psychological problems due to the unique stressors in them, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of present study is to propose and test a moderated mediation model that would illuminate the underlying relationships of cross-cultural adaption, perceived stress and psychological health as well as the moderating effect of optimism and resilience among international medical undergraduates in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted via a web-based survey in November 2020. Electronic informed consents were obtained from all participants. A total of 453 students including 233 males and 220 females aged 18 to 28 years with an average age of 22.09 (SD = 2.73) completed the questionnaires. Symptom Checklist 90, the measurement of cross-cultural adaption, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised and the Resilience Scale were used for the survey. Results for the moderated mediation model testing revealed that cross-cultural adaption significantly and negatively associated with the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Symptom Checklist 90 (β = −0.24, P < 0.01), and perceived stress partially mediated the relationship. Optimism (β = −0.29, P < 0.01) and confidence in COVID-19 control (β = −0.19, P < 0.01) had direct negative effects on perceived stress. Furthermore, optimism and resilience negatively moderated the indirect effect of cross-cultural adaption on psychological health through perceived stress. Findings of this study suggest that university educators ought to promote or make use of programs that cope with stress and boost optimism and resilience in order to support students not only adapt well to a new culture, but also keep good psychological health during the period of COVID-19 pandemic.
Article
As English as a Second Language (ESL) educators navigate the dynamic landscape of language instruction, the significance of cultural competence becomes increasingly evident. This article, presented by an EFL teacher at Karakalpak State University, delves into the transformative role of cultural competence in ESL classrooms. The exploration begins with a conceptual understanding of cultural competence, followed by a spotlight on practical strategies for integration. Drawing on real-world experiences, the article illuminates the pivotal role of teachers in fostering cross-cultural understanding and creating inclusive learning environments. Case studies from the unique context of Karakalpak State University offer insights into successful implementations, accompanied by reflections on challenges faced and overcome. The article concludes by examining methods to measure the impact of cultural competence initiatives, emphasizing the ongoing journey towards creating culturally enriched ESL learning experiences.
Article
Full-text available
This article explores the intricate relationship between cultural diversity and conflict resolution in multicultural societies. It delves into the challenges posed by cultural differences and investigates best practices for achieving harmonious coexistence and resolving conflicts within diverse communities. By analyzing case studies, existing literature, and successful models of conflict resolution, the article aims to provide insights into the complex dynamics of cultural diversity and offer practical recommendations for promoting peaceful interactions and social cohesion in multicultural settings.
Article
This article explores intercultural contact as a pathway for the development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) among EFL undergraduates in China during the post-pandemic era. Adopting an exploratory qualitative design with self-reports and focus group interviews as instruments, the challenges faced by EFL undergraduates in intercultural communication and intercultural contact pathways for ICC development were elicited with thematic analysis via NVivo. The challenges that EFL undergraduates encounter in intercultural communication are scant English proficiency, insufficient intercultural experience, and limited intercultural practise. Direct, indirect, self-engaged, and external contact have been extracted as pathways for the development of ICC among EFL undergraduates. This study provides theoretical and empirical evidence to help researchers understand intercultural contact as a way to develop the ICC of EFL undergraduates in China. The findings of this study shed light on the development of ICC in EFL learning and authentic intercultural contexts, offering lecturers and curriculum designers reference points for constructing criteria and syllabi for intercultural English teaching.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In recent years, the relationship between the Republic of Korea and Bangladesh has grown positively in terms of trade, investment, and interpersonal interactions. This paper examines the role that culture plays in influencing these interactions and how it affects economic cooperation. The economic structures and policies of both countries will be evaluated using a comparative economics approach in this study. The study will compare important variables including GDP growth, trade patterns, and investment flows to find parallels and variances that can be brought on by cultural influences. In addition, content analysis will be used to look at cultural objects, media portrayals, and public discourse pertaining to the connection between the Republic of Korea and Bangladesh. Considering previous trends and current data available proves that Bangladesh and ROK have been able to maintain a stable and friendly relationship. With some downfalls, the bilateral trend has mostly been positive. There are possible changes that could be adapted to sustain the relationship and find more common grounds for economic and cultural exchanges.
Article
Full-text available
Adaptation is a problem that needs to be solved from the study of intercultural communication because, when a person or group of people communicate with other parties who are culturally different, it can present problems between them. This research aims to describe the theories of intercultural communication adaptation. This research uses qualitative research methods with a library research approach. In this study, researchers used data analysis techniques in the form of analyzing the content of documentation. This analysis is a way to get the appropriate data, thus the strategy is to identify data from the bias of data characteristics, then the information is made systematically so that the object under study is able to provide perfect conclusions. The results of the research show that the theories of intercultural communication adaptation include: uncertainty reduction theory, anxiety theory or uncertainty management theory, acculturation and culture shock theory, and co-cultural theory.
Article
Multikultural adalah mempersiapkan agar mampu bertahan hidup dan berinteraksi dalam dunia dengan diversitas yang tinggi. Tidak hanya itu, multikultural juga bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas komunikasi individu dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang lain melalui partisipasi secara aktif dalam proses berinteraksi dan dengan mengunakan segala pengalaman mereka dalam sebuah suku yang kondusif. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian studi pustaka (Library Reseach). Studi pustaka ialah penelitian yang teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan di lapangan (perpustakaan) dengan didasarkan atas pembacaan- pembacaan terhadap beberapa literatur yang memiliki informasi serta memiliki relevansi dengan topik penelitian. Kepercayaan lain kelompok agaman ini adalah sinkretisme animisme dengan Hindu-Buddha dan Islam. Orang-orang berkembangan yang mendominasi wilayah pedesaan menurut masih mempercayai hal- hal magis ataupun mistis yang ada di sekitarnya. masih percaya adanya tuyul, memedi, lelembut, demit, dan lain-lain yang berbau magis. Selain itu, mereka juga meyakini bahwa ruh-ruh orang yang telah mati masih berkeliaran (gentayangan) di sekitar manusia. Untuk mencegah gangguan ruh-ruh, kalangan abangan menyelenggarakan slametan (selamatan) agar slamet (selamat). Etnis Jawa merupakan suku bangsa terbesar di Indonesia yang berasal dari Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Setidaknya 41,7% penduduk Indonesia merupakan etnis Jawa. Telah melahirkan ungkapan-ungkapan (yang sering kali masih terdengar hingga sekarang) yang dianggap menyiratkan inferioritas wanita Jawa . Ungkapan-ungkapan seperti kanca wingking, swarga nunut neraka katut, wanita hanya mengurus dapur, wanita hanya bergantung pada suarni, menegaskan bahwa wanita Jawa tampak menduduki struktur bawah. Kuatnya konsepsi tersebut dalam budaya Jawa, menimbulkan per· lakuan-per1akuan yang dianggap membatasi ruang gerak wanita, seperti halnya konsep pingitan, yaitu melarang wanita untuk bebas beraktivitas.
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter details the challenges of mutual digital communication, particularly pressing in light of the geopolitics of the blockade in the Gaza Strip, where conditions are deteriorating and many live below the poverty line. I became acquainted with these challenges through the process of founding and implementing an initiative to connect student refugees in Gaza with undergraduate student interlocutors in the United States. As part of the outreach, participants reflected upon the historical background of the crisis of refugee displacement in the Gaza Strip—the world’s third most densely populated territory. Student conversations, via WhatsApp video chats and voice messenger, also forged intercultural bridges and encouraged leadership. The experience in a nontraditional classroom environment promoted student advocacy and enriched the curriculum for both U.S. students and students in Gaza learning about civic engagement.
Article
Full-text available
This paper investigated the origin and use of the term “ghetto” by clients and employees in four community centers in Syracuse, New York, that service clientele of low socioeconomic status. The investigation of the term “ghetto” and the consequences of the term were conducted under the “looking glass-self” concept, by Charles Cooley, as well as theories by such seminal thinkers as Lewin, G. H. Mead, Goffman, and Okhuysen and Hudson. Data was collected through a review of the relevant literature and the collection of focus group responses from employees of the four community centers in Syracuse, New York. The study found that organizations that are labeled as “ghetto” take on the attributes of that stigmatization
Article
Full-text available
International students who pursue their academic goals in United States are prone to difficulties when attempting to build social resources and adjust to the new culture. Social media is a practical means of connection due to its ease of use and accessibility. Previous research has indicated contradictory effects of social media use on academic engagement. In addition to the direct effect, this research examined social media use influences on international students’ learning engagement by mediating social capital and cultural adjustment. A total of 209 international students completed a web-based survey distributed via e-mail and social media between November 2021 and May 2022. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model. Results showed that only purposely using social media to collaborate with learning counterparts or materials directly improves international students’ learning engagement. Other uses of social media (e.g., expanding new resources, solidifying close relationships) have no significant direct effects. Nonetheless, they are essential to improving levels of learning engagement via the mediation of bridging capital (social resources attributed to expanding relationships) and students’ cultural adjustment in the U.S. International students’ bonding capital (social resources available through trustworthy relationships) and home cultural retention showed little direct or indirect effects on learning engagement. This study recognizes the importance of social resources and cultural adjustment for international students. Also, this study provides valuable information to educators and administrators, as there is a need to identify the underlying mechanisms to contribute feasible learning intervention approaches and alleviate negative effects for international students.
Chapter
China provides a critical case for how social connections affect political trust because of the unique guanxi networks and the symbiosis between the state and non-governmental associations. Based on survey data from urban China, findings from both standard models and auxiliary IV analysis propose that: (1) informal social ties impair political trust since guanxi networking offers provisional publics for the transmission of political stimuli; (2) formal social ties foster political trust because associations and the state coexist in a state-dominant symbiotic sphere that brings about political trust assimilations by helping associations realize their agendas and interests.
Article
Full-text available
Expatriate adjustment has gained wide attention because of its relevance to expatriates’ successful performance. This study examined the adaptation experience of Korean expatriates in India. Y.Y. Kim’s Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation offers a multidimensional system to explain the link between adaptive personality, communication and psychological health. Our analysis uses a self-reported questionnaire collected from 78 Korean expatriates. Results show positive correlation between theoretical constructs, suggesting expatriates’ personality, ability to communicate and ability to participate in the host country's social processes facilitate successful cross-cultural adjustment overseas.
Article
Objectives. Identification and analysis of the influence of acculturation strategies, ethnic identity, cultural distance on the socio-cultural adaptation of students from Arab countries (Morocco, Syria, Egypt). Background. In the present study, we consider ethnic identity, cultural distance, and acculturation strategies as predictors of socio-cultural adaptation. Ethnic identity is associated with a person’s sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group. Cultural distance has an impact on the adaptation of immigrants. At the same time, the higher the level of cultural distance, the more difficult it is to adapt. Study design. The study was conducted using a socio-psychological survey. Special tools were used to measure acculturation strategies, ethnic identity, cultural distance and socio-cultural adaptation. For data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and regression analysis implemented in the SPSS 22.0 program were used. Participants. The respondents in the presented study were first, second and third year students from Arab countries (Morocco, Syria, Egypt). Currently, the respondents are studying at the universities of Perm, Moscow, Astrakhan, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, St. Petersburg. The total number of respondents was 248 (56 from Syria, 84 from Egypt, 108 from Morocco). The average age of the respondents is 28 years (the minimum age is 20 years, the maximum is 34 years). Measurements. “Acculturation Strategies” (Berry, 2014); scales for measuring sociocultural adaptation (Ward and Kennedy, 1993); J. Finney’s method, which measures the degree of ethnic identity; scales for measuring cultural distance (Wark, Galliher, 2007). Results. Cultural distance has an impact on socio-cultural adaptation. Among young migrants from Arab countries (Syria, Egypt and Morocco), ethnic identity and acculturation strategies do not affect socio-cultural adaptation. Conclusions. The data obtained contribute to the further development of ideas about the role of cultural distance, ethnic identity, and acculturation strategies in adaptation among foreign students from Morocco, Syria and Egypt. The data obtained in the study can be used in the development of adaptation programs for foreign students from Arab countries studying in Russian universities.
Article
Full-text available
The article examines the problem of foreign students’ social pedagogical support in the context of the effectiveness of preparatory systems in the educational institutions, which determines the relevance of the scientific research – the definition of an effective methodology for analysing the level of structure of the adaptation system of foreign students’ training in the educational institution. Due to the relevance of the research, the purpose of the article is to investigate the system of social and pedagogical support for foreign students in higher education institutions of the United States of America using the method of determining the levels of the organisational and structural system of elements of the acculturation triad. That’s why a method of determining the levels of the organisational and structural system has been proposed, which provides the distribution of the analysed branching program into four levels. In addition, the research required the use of a systematic method (to determine the integrity and structure of the process of socio-pedagogical support), the method of classification (which allowed to distribute the preparatory programs by the elements of the acculturation triad) and the abstraction (aimed at a visual representation of the levels of organisational and structural system). It is emphasised that the support consists of elements of the acculturation triad, such as: educational and cultural, psychological, and linguistic. Each of these elements should be presented as a programme branch, coordinated by the preparatory centres. It was found that the number of levels at which the programmes of the analysed unit or educational institution are presented is directly related to the effectiveness of the process of foreign students’ training. As an example of the analysis with the use of this method, the higher educational institutions representing the United States of America were selected (since this country (according to UNESCO) has the largest number of foreign students). As a result, the following HEIs were selected: University of Texas at Austin, Florida Institute of Technology, Ohio State University, and Yale University. The performed analysis allowed saying that the most branched organisational and structural system is presented (among the selected HEI) in the linguistic orientation of Yale University and is characterised by four levels of program branching. The lowest level (only highest) of branching was found in the educational and cultural direction of the Florida Institute of Technology. The presented methodology can be used in theoretical researches and practical analysis of the effectiveness of adaptation centres for foreign students
Book
Full-text available
Se trata de un libro pionero que constata la creciente diversidad migratoria de los que arriban a Guadalajara, tanto de nativos como de extranjeros, y hace un especial énfasis en quienes llegan a la zona metropolitana y a la Ribera de Chapala, donde conviven varias comunidades de extranjeros y nacionales. Si bien los números todavía no son significativos, se divisa que habrá incrementos en la migración durante los próximos años.
Article
Full-text available
Bu çalışma, İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde tasarlanan gönüllülük faaliyetlerinde yer alan üniversite öğrencilerinin deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Toplumsal sorumluluk projeleri, üniversite öğrencilerinin gönüllülük deneyimi aracılığıyla demokratik ve katılımcı kimliğinin gelişimine katkıda bulunmayı ve öğrencilerin kapsayıcı bir toplum yaratmaya yönelik dönüşümde aktif olarak yer almalarını hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda gönüllülerin saha projeleri aracılığıyla, farklı nitelikteki sosyal gruplar ile kültürlerarası diyalog geliştirmeleri desteklenmektedir. Ancak bu diyalog, gönüllülerin kaygı duygusunu tetikleyen ve uyum yetkinlikleri geliştirmelerini gerektiren zorlu bir deneyime dönüşebilmektedir. Kültürlerarası diyaloğun gönüllüler üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için 2016-2020 yılları arasında Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğü bünyesinde gönüllü olarak yer almış 43 üniversite öğrencisi ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler aracılığıyla gönüllülerin sahada yaşadıkları zorlukları anlamak ve bu zorluklar ile başa çıkma mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu süreçte elde edilen verilerden hareketle saha deneyimini kolaylaştırıcı yöntemler keşfedilmiş; Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projeler Koordinatörlüğünün süreç yönetimi bağlamında ne gibi iyileştirmelere ihtiyaç duyduğuna dair önemli iç görüler elde edilmiştir.
Chapter
Metacognition can be seen as a useful approach for teaching language tasks, a complex concept containing knowledge, strategy and reflective components, and connections to higher order thinking skills. This empirical study examined the presence of metacognition within an international foundation programme in a UK university using a sample of ten student participants. Core themes of learning styles and English level were identified from a review of empirical studies in the literature. A mixed methods research design was developed to explore whether metacognition was present and whether or not this fluctuated over time. Participants were given a self-scoring matrix consisting of twelve statements scored on a Likert scale that was completed over a period of five weeks, along with a weekly semi-structured blog. Teachers were also given a questionnaire to explore their perception of participant engagement. The findings revealed that participants engaged with metacognitive thinking and their self-scoring showed some fluctuations over the five-week period. Metacognitive thinking and reflection had a positive impact on teaching and learning as teachers responded to student comments and adjusted their teaching, thereby helping students to engage more with recording and reflecting.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The paper aims to identify, describe, analyse and evaluate the motivational aspects of the decision-making process for university studies based on a questionnaire survey conducted by students of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava (Slovak Republic). Using analytical-synthetic and mathematical-statistical methods, the answers obtained from a set of questions focused on the analysis of decisive motives for the choice of study, field and faculty, the fulfilment of ideas about study and perspectives of further professional orientation and application in practice were evaluated. This matter is very topical, as the decision to study at university is undoubtedly one of the fundamental decisions of life. A specific decision is formed by a number of factors that can shape the student’s approach to fulfilling his/her study duties and his/her attitudes in applying his/her knowledge and skills in practice. Keywords: student motivation, decision-making, university studies, questionnaire, university, Slovakia
Article
Full-text available
Setiap individu yang bermigrasi ke tempat baharu akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya. Ini termasuklah populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa (forced migration). Populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka merupakan populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa ekoran faktor-faktor seperti penganiayaan, konflik, keganasan, atau pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di negara asal mereka. Sama seperti populasi yang bermigrasi secara suka rela (e.g., golongan profesional dan pelajar antarabangsa), orang pelarian dan pencari suaka juga akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya di negara tuan rumah (negara transit atau penempatan semula). Pengalaman adaptasi antarabudaya golongan terpinggir dan rentan (marginalised and vulnerable) ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah. Artikel ulasan ini bertujuan untuk meneroka cabaran dan isu utama yang dialami oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah. Kajian-kajian terdahulu berkaitan populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka di luar negara, khususnya negara-negara transit dan penempatan semula telah dirujuk dan dibincangkan. Pengkaji mengenal pasti beberapa cabaran dan isu utama yang dihadapi oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah iaitu (i) halangan bahasa, (ii) sosial, (iii) pekerjaan, (iv) penjagaan kesihatan, dan (v) pendidikan. Lantaran itu, negara tuan rumah seharusnya mengambil kira pelbagai aspek ini dalam membantu populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka untuk menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah.
Article
This article analyses the intercultural competence of students from Turkey who participated in the EuRopean Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students (Erasmus). Intercultural competence is an important aspect of 21st-century skills and lifelong learning. The study presented here also considered antecedent factors such as participants’ cultural capital and home–host domains as well as identity-related issues. It aimed to understand the dynamics of relating to the new destination/culture: awareness of one’s own culture/society/surroundings; availability of social networks and support; approach to learning (language, practical matters, relevant cultural information, etc.), and communication. The researchers’ findings demonstrate constructive change in terms of learning, communication-connection, self-management and cultural awareness. They confirm the importance of various layers of friendship networks (but not necessarily ethnic ties), as well as a balanced composition of home and host domain resources. Regarding identity issues, students were observed to cling to universal identities, such as being an international/exchange student, and/or strategic personal ones, rather than religious, ethnic and national identities. The sojourn period can be defined as an academic but more notably a sociocultural engagement towards becoming more conversant in daily routines and personal gains in a transnational space. This highlights the importance of informal educational experiences.
Article
Full-text available
This article reports on a longitudinal case study and gives first-hand accounts of the lived experiences of five Erasmus+ students from Turkey during their sojourn at a university in Poland and its impact on the students’ individual identities. The research aimed to investigate students’ learning experience at the host institution and intercultural adaptation, focusing on the transformative outcomes that the sojourn brought about in them. The framework used as a theoretical basis for the study was Kim’s integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. The theory claims that cultural adjustment is a function of an individual’s development of social and personal communication competence in their respective environments. As a result of frequent meaningful interactions with cultural others, through meeting and overcoming multiple intercultural challenges, people are likely to develop intercultural personhood, going through three consecutive stages, i.e., stress-adaptation-growth (Kim 2008). The study outcomes show sojourning abroad as a rather positively valenced experience, contributing to participants’ gaining knowledge about diverse cultures, the skills to cope with diversity and an increased willingness to interact with people from different ethnic backgrounds. The data revealed that the participants underwent, to a moderate degree, a cultural identity shift toward becoming more mindful, open-minded, self-other oriented, and inclusive toward diversity.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.