... While the sex offender policies are popular among the public (Kernsmith, Craun, & Foster, 2009;Levenson, Brannon, Fortney, & Baker, 2007;Phillips, 1998;Proctor, Badzinski, & Johnson, 2002), there is a lack of convincing evidence that sex offender policies substantially reduce sex offender recidivism (Caputo & Brodsky, 2004;Prescott & Rockoff, 2008;Welchans, 2005). For instance, studies that evaluated SORN policies in Arkansas (Maddan, 2008), New York (Sandler, Freeman, & Socia, 2008), Iowa (Adkins, Huff, Stageberg, Prell, & Musel, 2000); (Tewksbury & Jennings, 2010), Massachusetts (Petrosino & Petrosino, 1999), New Jersey (Tewksbury, Jennings, & Zgoba, 2012;Zgoba, Witt, Dalessandro, & Veysey, 2008), and Washington (Schram & Milloy, 1995) found that the policies had no measurable effects on recidivism (Connor & Tewksbury, 2017). Caldwell and Dickinson (2009) also found that SORN requirements did not lower the risk of recidivism among juvenile offenders. ...