... Learning together and alone by Johnson & Johnson 1970s Social interdependence theory, face-to-face promotive interaction, teamwork skills, assigned roles and group processing (see Johnson & Johnson, 2021) Small-group processes and organisation development by Schmuck 1970s Concepts from group dynamics and group development, such as communication, friendships, cohesiveness, shared norms, leadership and conflict; also applied in conjunction with organisation development (see Arends, Davidson, & Schmuck 2021) Small-group CL in mathematics and beyond by Davidson 1970s Discovery learning, challenging tasks, groups working together at the blackboard or whiteboard, guidelines for cooperation and higher-order thinking skills (see Davidson, 2021) Group investigation by Sharan & Sharan 1970s Research groups plan and conduct their investigations and then present their findings to the entire class (see Sharan & Sharan, 2021) Jigsaw classroom by Aronson 1970s Sociological emphasis on equity, task division into several parts, expert groups for learning the parts and home groups for presenting the parts (see Aronson, 1978Aronson, , 2021 Complex Instruction by Cohen and Lotan 1980s Sociological emphasis on equity, assigned roles, multiple-ability tasks and status interventions (see Lotan & Holthuis, 2021) Student team learning and success for all by Slavin & Madden 1970s Group goals and rewards through bonus points or team recognition and individual accountability, such as the methods of STAD, TGT and CIRC, included in the programme Success for All, a whole-school reform model for disadvantaged schools (see Slavin & Madden, 2021) The structural approach by Kagan 1980s Cooperative structures, class building and team building, based on PIES principles, including equal participation and simultaneous interaction (see Kagan, 2021) ...