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12 ReferencesDrug Use among Juvenile Arrestees: A Comparison of Self-Report, Urinalysis and Hair Assay
Abstract
Conducted interviews, urinalysis, and hair assay with 88 juvenile arrestees (mean age 16 yrs) over a 2-mo period. Hair assay revealed that 50 Ss had used cocaine; concentration levels were generally moderate to high. Urinalysis results identified only 7 Ss as having recently used cocaine. Crosstabulations of urinalysis and sectioned hair assay results indicate that the 2 detection methods are in greatest concordance for Ss who were heavy users of cocaine and who used cocaine in the last 30 days (as determined by hair assay). Data show that self-reports of drug use yield severe underestimates of the prevalence of cocaine use in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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- "It is doubtful that such studies will obtain similarly valid estimates of illicit substance use with the TLFB tool. For instance, three of the excluded papers examined validity of TLFB in incarcerated populations (Feucht et al., 1994; Yacoubian, 2003; Zlotnick et al., 2009), with at least one finding massive underreporting of substance use. The same will probably be the case if using TLFB for drug screens at worksites, in sports clubs etc. "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) is a widely used, calendar-based measure of self-reported use of (among other things) illicit substances. We examined agreement between TLFB and biological measures for illicit substances. PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched in December 2010. 16,633 papers screened to identify those that measured illicit substance use by both TLFB and biological measures. We extracted data on agreement between TLFB and biological measures, sample size, study type, inclusion criteria of participants, and length of recall of TLFB. Twenty-nine papers were included, almost exclusively in substance-use-disorder populations. Some studies reported several overall agreement rates, e.g. over time. Lowest and highest weighted average agreement rates were: for cannabis, 87.3% (95% confidence interval 86.9% to 87.7%) and 90.9% (90.5% to 91.4%); for cocaine, 79.3% (79.1% to 79.6%) and 84.1% (83.9% to 84.2%); for opiates 94.0% (93.5% to 94.5%) for both weighted averages; and for studies not distinguishing between substances, 88.5% (88.4 to 88.7%) and 91.0% (90.7% to 91.2%). Higher agreement was found in populations without psychiatric comorbidity, and lower agreement in randomized controlled trials. Publication bias or selective outcome reporting bias was not detected. TLFB validly detects use of illicit substances in populations with substance use disorders. Using TLFB may limit the need for biological samples, making information on illicit substance use easier and less costly to obtain and analyze.- "First, data are based on self-report. While prior research questions the validity of self-reported substance use (Dembo, Williams, Wish, & Schmeidler, 1990; Ehrman, Robbins, & Cornish, 1997; Fendrich & Xu, 1994; Feucht, Stephens, & Walker, 1994; Mieczkowski, Newel, & Wraight, 1998). It is important to note that these studies rely on samples of arrestees and persons in substance use treatment programs. "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Salvia, a hallucinogenic plant legally available in most of the United States, has become a widely discussed drug in the media. The extant research on Salvia use relies on non-probability samples and studies of college students. There is a clear need for research that identifies the correlates of Salvia use using data from a large sample that is nationally representative. The current study fills this important gap in the literature by using data from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. This survey includes data from nearly 70,000 respondents ages 12 and older living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Due to survey design, separate analyses are conducted among adolescents and adults. Findings indicate that 1.66% of adolescents (respondents ages 12 to 17) and 5.08% of adults (respondents ages 18-34) report the use of Salvia at some point in their lifetime. Correlates of use among adolescents include age, gender, income, peer and parent attitudes toward substance use, and other forms of drug use. Correlates of use among adults include age, gender, race, religiosity, marital status, criminal involvement, and other forms of substance use. Implications of the findings and limitations of the current study are discussed.- "Most studies report a high percentage of African-Americans and Hispanics (Feucht, 1994; Devieux, 2005). The age of exposure to drugs appear to be getting lower among juveniles (Feucht, 1994; Rew et al, 2001).A study on the homeless boys revealed that children below age nine have been involved in drug use. Additionally, for the children who are from family background of drug use, they have been exposed at a very young age. "
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Drug abuse among adolescent is a major public health concern because it has tremendous negative social and health impact on the individual and the community. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of drug abuse violation among juvenile delinquents by comparing the data of 1996 with 2006. The mean number of arrests for drug abuse violation in1996 was 25, 239 while it was 30, 740 in 2006. The Z test reveals that there was no significant difference of the means for both years at the 95% level. The findings also reveal that there was an increase in the prevalence rate of drug abuse violations among juveniles in most states except Louisiana, West Virginia, and Mississippi where there was a marked reduction. The data also reveals that progress is being made with the reduction of rates in many of the states; however, it is necessary to have continued effort in order to achieve consistent reduction in the country as a whole. It is therefore being recommended that a further study be done to identify the specific drugs being used by the juveniles so that targeted programs can be developed.
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