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Seabuckthorn: An emerging storehouse for researchers in India

Authors:
Tsering Stobdan at Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh Ladakh, India
Tsering Stobdan
  • Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh Ladakh, India
Dorjey Angchok at Defence Research and Development Organisation
Dorjey Angchok
Shashi Bala Singh at Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied sciencs
Shashi Bala Singh
  • Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied sciencs
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Supplementary resource (1)

Cover Page- Seabuckthorn
Data
October 2012
Tsering Stobdan · Dorjey Angchok · Shashi Bala Singh
... This wide variability might result from the outbreeding behaviour of the crop -being highly crosspollinated in nature. This shrub grows wild in the Ladakh region, and the estimated area under it is about 11,500 ha under pure crop 15,16 and about 30,000 ha under pure and mixed cultivation. The shrub is distributed in the Nubra, Indus and Suru valleys in Ladakh. ...
... The juice is rich in vitamins, protein and organic acids. In India, it is famous as Leh berry 15 . ...
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... It is mainly distributed in the western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude range of 3,500-5,000 m 2 . Seabuckthorn plants have good drought resistance, barren resistance, saline-alkali resistance and cold resistance 3,4 . In addition, seabuckthorn has fast growth rate, strong reproduction and nitrogen fixation ability 5 . ...
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Hippophae gyantsensis
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2024
Hippophae gyantsensis, which is a native tree species in China, is ideal for windbreak and sand-fixing forests. It is an economically and ecologically valuable tree species distributed exclusively in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. In our study, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of H. gyantsensis using Illumina sequencing, Nanopore sequencing and chromosome structure capture technique. The genome was 716.32 Mb in size with scaffold N50 length of 64.84 Mb. A total of 716.25 Mb genome data was anchored and orientated onto 12 chromosomes with a mounting rate of up to 99.99%. Additionally, the genome was found to comprise approximately 56.84% repeat sequences, of which long terminal repeats(LTRs) that accounted for 33.19% of the entire genome. Meanwhile, a total of 32,316 protein-coding genes were predicted, and 91.07% of these genes were functionally annotated. We also completed a series of comparative genomic analyses to provide researchers with useful reference material for future studies on seabuckthorn.
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... Sea buckthorn is also found in Dibang valley of Uttarakhand and Sikkim. The production areas of naturally grown sea buckthorn in India are available only for Leh (115 km 2 ) (Stobdan et al. 2008) and Uttarakhand (38 km 2 ) (Yadav et al. 2016). Sea buckthorn is a shrubby, deciduous plant with numerous flowers. ...
Effect of Natural Products on Improvement of Blood Pathophysiology for Management of Sickle Cell Anemia
Chapter
  • Nov 2020
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin that affects millions of people around the world, especially children. This disease prevalently occurs in some Mediterranean and Saharan Africa. For the treatment of SCA patients, a wide range of drugs have been explored by targeting antisickling activity, γ-globulin induction, antiplatelet effect, etc., but hardly a few drugs have shown potential to combat with this complex disease phenomenon. In spite of unprecedented advances in modern system of medicine, people in the disease-prone area have been taking traditional medicinal plants or plant-derived products to increase the life span of patients. Moreover, numerous clinical trials have been going on for the use of natural products under the purview of symptomatic management of SCA. This chapter is focused on the effect of natural products in pure form or characterized phytoconstituents on particularly inhibition of hemoglobin polymerization. This summarized information will be beneficial for further exploration of new therapeutics in the treatment arena of SCA.
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... Sea buckthorn is also found in Dibang valley of Uttarakhand and Sikkim. The production areas of naturally grown sea buckthorn in India are available only for Leh (115 km 2 ) (Stobdan et al. 2008) and Uttarakhand (38 km 2 ) (Yadav et al. 2016). Sea buckthorn is a shrubby, deciduous plant with numerous flowers. ...
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... It is obtained from native Eurasian plant communities ranging within 27-69 ○ N latitude (from Russia to Pakistan) and 7 ○ W-122 ○ E longitude (from Spain to Mongolia) located with a centre of origin on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Rousi 1971;Zeb 2004). Being a unique plant, it has gained worldwide attention due to its medicinal and nutritional properties and domesticated in different parts of the world (Rousi 1971 (Stobdan et al. 2008) and Uttarakhand (38 km 2 ) (Yadav et al. 2016). Sea buckthorn is a shrubby, deciduous plant with numerous flowers. ...
Medicinal Value of High-Altitude Plants of Indian Himalaya
Chapter
  • Oct 2020
Plants are the primary source of the therapeutic needs for mankind since ancient times and capable of growing under extreme conditions. The diversity in ecological growing conditions and also variability in altitude that ranges from 100 to 7500 m above the sea level introduce diverse kinds of medicinal plants in the higher altitude. In Indian Himalayan region, there are a number of medicinal plants growing wildly such as Aconitum heterophyllum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Inula racemosa, Rhodiola rosea, and Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. Aconitum heterophyllum has active alkaloids such as lycoctonine which shows significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities are significantly shown by some other alkaloids such as aconitine and mesaconitine derivatives. Inula racemosa contains a large amount of sesquiterpene lactones such as alantolactone and isoalantolactone and a large number of biological activities such as antimalarial, antifungal and hypoglcaemic and Sinopodophyllum hexandrum contains a variety of bioactive molecules such as flavonoids and lignans which possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential and hence help in radio-protection. The root of Rhodiola rosea contains more than 140 active constituents, and among them the two most potent are rosavin and salidroside. These constituents help in decreasing stress, improve brain function, reduce symptoms of depression etc. The adverse conditions in higher altitude is due to the presence of ultraviolet (UV) filters, potent antioxidants, free radical quenchers and antifreeze carbohydrates, and the plants growing in such habitat adapt themself to different mechanisms of metabolite synthesis. This is the major reason for the availability of diverse and unique chemical entities in the high-altitude plants. On the other hand, these processes are not shown by plants growing in low altitude. Their biochemical machinery has been able to bear the aggressive climatic conditions by the way of new biosynthetic twists leading to new molecular skeletal, which are absent in the lower region plants. High-altitude plants gain a lot of economic and medicinal importance. The amount and variety of chemical constituents present in high-altitude plants differ from plants growing in lower region, and this attracts researchers to investigate and explore their medicinal applications for human health care.
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... In Ladakh, sea buckthorn is locally called as 'Tsermang' and the fruits are called as 'Tsestalullu'. The shrub serve as a ideal plant in Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, particularly for researchers in the field of biotechnology, neutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and environment sciences (Stobdan et al., 2008). The region is characterized by extreme climatic conditions like high wind velocity, high rate of soil erosion, and extreme temperatures, i.e. -30°C in winter to +35°C in summer. ...
Sea Buckthorn a Boon for Trans-Himalayan Region of Ladakh: A Review
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2020
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an ecologically and economically important plant species and is currently being domesticated in various parts of the world including India. Sea buckthorn achieved a unique status in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh because of its immense medicinal and therapeutic potentials. High nutrient and medicinal values of the fruit attracts researchers to exploit in the field of biotechnology, neutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and environmental sciences. However, unrestrained exploitation and even destruction of sea buckthorn resources leads to loss in its diversification and extinction. Therefore, there is need to conserve the wild genotypes of sea buckthorn to make them available as a source for breeding of new plant varieties in future and judicious utilization of wild species can bring more benefit to mankind throughout the world. Application of DNA markers to facilitate marker-aided selection (MAS) for diversity studies and identification of cold resistant genes have been developed, further improvements is still needed. Advances in plant genomics, genetic mapping and QTL analysis provide further means to improve the understanding of crop diversity at species and gene levels, it also accelerated the dissection of genetic control of important traits and development of high value genotypes in the context of breeding programs. Advances in biotechnology provided many tools that will benefit in providing quality planting material, generation of new cultivars and mass propagation therefore help in area expansion in areas like Ladakh. DRDO is an active organization in collaboration with other institutes to enhance the research field in sea buckthorn and grant patent on its products. There is no doubt that the future holds great promise for sea buckthorn cultivation in Ladakh and efforts need to be made to certify sea buckthorn as organic.
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... Sea buckthorn fruit worth Rs. 1.4 crore (approximately 400,000 USD) was sold in 2007 from Leh district of Ladakh region, which account for less than 5% of the region's total potential (Stobdan et al. 2008). Since collection and primary processing is being done by the locals, the revenue generated benefits the needy in the society. ...
Current Status and Future Prospects for Select Underutilized Medicinally Valuable Plants of Puerto Rico: A Case Study
Chapter
  • Nov 2019
In the last century, nearly all compounds of medicinal value were derived from naturally occurring compounds found in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Yet even today several interesting plant species with potential medicinal value remain underutilized and neglected. In a changing world, where unfavorable climatic and anthropogenic scenarios threaten natural vegetation across the globe, there is an urgent need to identify and investigate underutilized medicinal plants. Also, the utilization of such species should go hand in hand with their conservation. With the island territory of Puerto Rico as an example, we present a case for such underutilized medicinal plant species which could end up being the source of the next wonder drug for humanity. We also emphasize the need for sustainable utilization of such resources to go hand in hand with their conservation.
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Indian Seabuckthorn (Hippophae Spp.) Publications and Products
Technical Report
  • Dec 2021
Indian Seabuckthorn (Hippophae spp) Publications & Products
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Characterization and comparison of chloroplast genomes from two sympatric Hippophae species (Elaeagnaceae)
Article
  • Jan 2020
The genus Hippophae includes deciduous shrubs or small trees, which provide many ecological, economic, and social benefits. We assembled and annotated the chloroplast genomes of sympatric Hippophae gyantsensis (Rousi) Lian and Hippophae rhamnoides Linn subsp. yunnanensis Rousi and comparatively analyzed their sequences. The full-length chloroplast genomes of H. gyantsensis and H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis were 155,260 and 156,415 bp, respectively; both featured a quadripartite structure with two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) separated by small (SSC) and large (LSC) single-copy regions. Each Hippophae chloroplast genome contained 131 genes, comprising 85 protein-coding, 8 ribosomal RNA, and 38 transfer RNA genes. Of 1302 nucleotide substitutions found between these two genomes, 824 (63.29%) occurred in the intergenic region or intron sequences, and 478 (36.71%) were located in the coding sequences. The SSC region had the highest mutation rate, followed by the LSC region and IR regions. Among the protein-coding genes, three had a ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks) > 1 yet none were significant, and 66 had Ka/Ks < 1, of which 46 were significant. We found 20 and 16 optimal codons, most of which ended with A or U, for chloroplast protein-coding genes of H. gyantsensis and H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of five available whole chloroplast genome sequences in the family Elaeagnaceae—using one Ziziphus jujube sequence as the outgroup—revealed that all five plant species formed a monophyletic clade with two subclades: one subclade consisted of three Hippophae species, while the other was formed by two Elaeagnus species, supported by 100% bootstrap values. Together, these results suggest the chloroplast genomes among Hippophae species are conserved, both in structure and gene composition, due to general purifying selection; like many other plants, a significant AT preference was discerned for most protein-coding genes in the Hippophae chloroplast genome. This study provides a valuable reference tool for future research on the general characteristics and evolution of chloroplast genomes in the genus Hippophae.
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