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Boron and Arthritis: The Results of a Double-blind Pilot Study
Abstract
This report describes the conduct and results of a double-blind trial comparing oral intake of 6 mg of boron per day to placebo in the treatment of arthritis. The results indicate that boron may well be beneficial. Of the 10 patients on boron, five improved and five did not, but only one of the 10 patients on the placebo improved. This was essentially a pilot trial which showed that a small quantity of boron would greatly relieve severe osteo-arthritis. Of those starting the trial, 50% using boron improved as compared with 10% on placebo; or if we consider those who completed the trial, 71% improved while using boron. There were no side-effects and these were sought. The indication is that boron (as sodium tetraborate decahydrate) are safe and beneficial in the treatment of osteo-arthritis and that further research is required.
... Boron appears to participate in hydroxylation reactions, which play a role in the synthesis of steroid hormones and vitamin D. In Australia, where much of the food is grown on soil deficient in this mineral, Boron supplements were popular as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), and were reportedly selling at a rate of 10,000 bottles per month before the Australian government removed the product from the market [31]. In a double-blind study, 20 Australians with OA were randomly assigned to receive Boron (6 mg per day as sodium tetraborate decahydrate) or a placebo for eight weeks [32]. Of those receiving Boron, 50 percent improved, compared with 10 percent of those given placebo. ...
... The most convincing evidence for Boron usage in the case of OA patients comes from a double-blind placebo Boron supplementation trial conducted in Australia [56,32] reporting that Boron supplementation may improve symptoms for people with OA and rheumatoid arthritis [32]. ...
... The most convincing evidence for Boron usage in the case of OA patients comes from a double-blind placebo Boron supplementation trial conducted in Australia [56,32] reporting that Boron supplementation may improve symptoms for people with OA and rheumatoid arthritis [32]. ...
Background: The side effects of currently available anti-inflammatory agents are considered as a major problem during their clinical use. Therefore, developing a newer, effective, and safe anti-inflammatory agent is important to be taken into account. Recently, significant progress has been made through the utilization of Boron-containing compounds as anti-inflammatory agents, which are effective, relatively free of side
effects, and can be used effectively as a supplement. The present study was designed to evaluate the dose-response relationship of the anti-inflammatory activity of Boron in rat models of induced chronic inflammation compared to that produced by the standard drug Dexamethasone, and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of its adjuvant use with Dexamethasone.
Methods: Sixty-six Wistar rats were used in the present study, divided into 5 groups; the first group: 6 rats treated with vehicle only without induction of inflammation as a negative control. Second group: 12 rats divided into two sub-groups, each containing 6 rats, and treated with vehicle only with the induction of chronic and granulomatous inflammation, as a positive control. Third group: 24 rats divided into four groups, each containing 6 rats, for the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of Boron (3 and 6 mg/kg BW) in both models of inflammation. Fourth group: 12 rats used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg BW) in the same models. Fifth group: 12 rats used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Boron (3 mg/kg Bw) when used as adjuvant with Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg BW) in the same models.
Results: The result of the present study indicated that Boron in a dose-dependent pattern (3 and 6 mg/kg BW) significantly suppresses inflammation in rat models of formaldehyde induced chronic inflammation and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Boron (3 mg/kg BW) in adjuvant with Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg BW) significantly suppresses inflammation in rat models of formaldehyde induced chronic inflammation and cotton pellet-induced granuloma, which is significantly higher than all of the effects produced by other approaches of treatment when Boron is used alone.
Conclusion: Boron, in a dose dependent pattern, is effective in suppressing formaldehyde-induced chronic inflammation and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Therefore, it may be considered as a treatment for
chronic inflammatory conditions in human. Boron, as an adjuvant with the standard anti-inflammatory agent, Dexamethasone, improves the antiinflammatory activity of the latter, with a chance to reduce its dose.
... It is an ultra trace element which appears to have a widespread role in biochemistry and nutrition. It has been recognized as essential for plants [1], and there is Correspondence [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] evidence that boron may be required by human and animals. Limited information would suggest that boron is absorbed easily and tissue concentrations rise accordingly. ...
... It is believed that optimum boron supplementation regulates catabolic enzymatic hydroxylation. Given these effects of boron, it is not surprising that it is beneficial for optimal calcium metabolism and in the prevention of bone loss [6] and, generally, in some disorders of unknown aetiology, such as osteoporosis, that exhibits disturbed major mineral metabolism [7,8] and an impact on osteo-arthritis by increasing the synthesis of corticosteroids [9,10]. Also, a recent study supports the hypothesis that boron has an important biological role that affects the mineral metabolisms of animals by influencing both biochemical and haematological mechanisms [11]. ...
... Given the effect of boron on steroid hormone metabolism, it may also impact on arthritis by increasing the synthesis of corticosteroids. In support of this, a pilot clinical trial for osteoarthritis demonstrated some improvement in symptoms following supplementation with boron relative to placebo [9]. ...
Background. Recent evidence indicates that boron has a widespread role in biochemistry and nutrition and may have anti‐carcinogenic properties. It interacts with calcium, vitamin D and magnesium, which are all important in bone metabolism. Boron also increases steroid hormone concentrations in animals and humans and hints at a role in the prevention of chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis and other steroid hormone dependent diseases. It has been suggested that the interaction between boron and steroid hormone metabolism is mediated by the hydroxylation process that steroids need to be biologically active. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of boron supplementation on the selected steroid hormone productions or steroidogenesis. Methods. The experimental design consisted of two trials, in two different occasions. Seven healthy male volunteers in one group and another nine healthy male volunteers in the second group consumed two tablets each containing 5 mg of boron per day and blood samples were collected prior to supplementation and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results. The mean total testosterone concentrations increased after supplementations. The mean plasma 17‐B oestradiol concentrations increased significantly after 4 weeks (p = 0.009) and 8 weeks (p = 0.05) supplementations. The ratio of 17‐B oestradiol to testosterone increased significantly (p = 0.01) after 4 weeks supplementation. Conclusions. It can be speculated that the elevation of endogenous oestrogen as a result of boron supplementation suggests a potential protective role for boron in preventing a number of clinical conditions or chronic diseases, with emphasis in animals or humans who are under stress conditions, which requires further studies and clarifications.
... Therefore, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine established the upper tolerable intake of boron for adults over 18 to be 20 mg/day [28]. The anti-inflammatory effect of boron has been shown in several studies, especially in the treatment of osteoarthritis [29][30][31]. According to available studies, boron supplementation has a beneficial effect on pathological conditions that activate inflammatory processes through inflammatory cell proliferation (e.g., lymphocytes) or inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, tumor necrosing factor-α, and interleukins 6 or 1β) [14,15,23]. ...
... receptors in the lower ureter, preventing spasms by relaxing the smooth muscle of the ureter and acting on the C-fibers, blocking pain conduction [28]. The analgesic effect of boron maybe is related to its anti-inflammatory effect, which has been reported in studies on osteoarthritis treatment [29][30][31]. ...
Treatment with alpha-blockers has been used in many studies to facilitate stone clearance after extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), based on mediating ureteral wall relaxation. Ureteral wall edema is another barrier against the stone passage. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of boron supplement (due to its anti-inflammatory effect) and tamsulosin in the passage of stone fragments after ESWL. Eligible patients after ESWL were randomly assigned to two groups and were treated with boron supplement (10 mg/BD) or tamsulosin (0.4 mg per night) for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the stone expulsion rate according to the remained fragmented stone burden. The secondary outcomes were the time of stone clearance, pain intensity, drug side effects, and the need for auxiliary procedures. In this randomized control trial, 200 eligible patients were treated with boron supplement or tamsulosin. Finally, 89 and 81 patients in the two groups completed the study, respectively. The expulsion rate was 46.6% in the boron and 38.7% in the tamsulosin group, which there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.003), as well as the time of stone clearance (7.47 ± 22.4 vs 6.52 ± 18.45, days, p = 0.648, respectively), after 2-week follow-up. Moreover, pain intensity was the same in both groups. No Significant side effects were reported in the two groups. Boron supplement could be effective as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy after ESWL with no significant side effects in short-term follow-up.
Iranian Clinical Trial Registration number and date of registration: IRCT20191026045244N3, 07/29/2020.
... These results are in accordance with a previous study conducted by Singhal et al. [12] and Kanoriya et al. [28] where they found that there was significant reduction in GI and mSBI scores in BA gel group as compared to placebo gel group. Travers et al. [29] also reported improvement in subjective measures of swelling, restricted joint movement, and fewer analgesics for pain after boron supplementation in arthritic individuals, suggesting its anti-inflammatory action. [29] Ince et al. [30] reported that BA has the ability of preventing the oxidative damage. ...
... Travers et al. [29] also reported improvement in subjective measures of swelling, restricted joint movement, and fewer analgesics for pain after boron supplementation in arthritic individuals, suggesting its anti-inflammatory action. [29] Ince et al. [30] reported that BA has the ability of preventing the oxidative damage. BA provides this action by increasing the glutathione levels, which is a known potent antioxidant and thus prevents the oxidative damage. ...
Background:
Over the years, various antimicrobials have been tried and tested in the treatment of periodontitis. Chlorhexidine (CHX) has emerged as the gold standard. In recent years, trend has shifted toward the use of agents with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteoblastic activity. Boric acid (BA) is one such agent which possess all such properties and thus been evaluated in the treatment of periodontitis.
Aim and objective:
The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the efficacy of 0.75% BA gel versus 1% CHX gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis both clinically and microbiologically.
Materials and methods:
The present study was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial where 45 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were included in the study. About 15 patients each were divided into three groups, that is, Group I received BA gel, Group II received CHX gel, and Group III received placebo gel as a local drug delivery agent. Clinical parameters such as gingival index, plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were evaluated at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Microbiological analysis to check for mixed anaerobic flora was done using subgingival plaque samples at baseline and 3 months after treatment.
Results:
Significant reduction was seen in all clinical parameters in both BA and CHX gel groups as compared to control group (P < 0.05). However, on comparing BA gel group with CHX gel, the results were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
BA gel and CHX gel both were equally effective in improving the clinical and microbiologic parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis when used as a local drug delivery agent.
... Boron (B) is a non-essential trace element, but an element of many beneficial biochemical and metabolic functions for human health and well-being [1,2]. Boron has an integrative role in the areas of bone metabolism [3,4], vitamin D metabolism [5], joint health [6,7], immunity [8], mental acuity [9], wound healing [10], and proper functioning of endocrine system [4]. In many instances, boron does this by being an essential co-partner with other substances to fine-tune many human physiologic interactions [2]. ...
... We think that the data presented here indicate that the bone-seekers Ca, Mg and Sr are primarily involved in the bio-mineralization processes and that more attention should have been paid to the role of boron in the bone connective tissue biological matrix formation. Indeed, some claims on the positive effect of boron in the rheumatic diseases [6,35] may be attributed to the positive effects of boron upon the biological matrix itself and independently of the bone bio-mineralization process. ...
Boron is a non-essential ubiquitous trace element in the human body. The aim of this study was to assess boron nutritional status by analyzing boron frequency distribution in the long-term biological indicator tissue of hair and the short-term biological indicator of whole blood. Hair samples were analyzed in 727 apparently healthy subjects (263 ♂ and 464 ♀) and the whole blood boron was analyzed in the random subsample of them (80 ♂ and 152 ♀). Samples were analyzed by the ICP-MS at the Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia. The adequate reference range for hair boron concentration was (μg ∙ g−1) 0.771- 6.510 for men and distinctly lower 0.472–3.89 for women; there was no detectable difference in the whole blood boron for the adequate reference range between men (0.020–.078) and women (0019–0.062). Boron may play an essential role in the metabolism of the connective tissue of the biological bone matrix.
... Boron (B) is a non-essential trace element, but an element of many beneficial biochemical and metabolic functions for human health and well-being [1,2]. Boron has an integrative role in the areas of bone metabolism [3,4], vitamin D metabolism [5], joint health [6,7], immunity [8], mental acuity [9], wound healing [10], and proper functioning of endocrine system [4]. In many instances, boron does this by being an essential co-partner with other substances to fine-tune many human physiologic interactions [2]. ...
... We think that the data presented here indicate that the bone-seekers Ca, Mg and Sr are primarily involved in the bio-mineralization processes and that more attention should have been paid to the role of boron in the bone connective tissue biological matrix formation. Indeed, some claims on the positive effect of boron in the rheumatic diseases [6,35] may be attributed to the positive effects of boron upon the biological matrix itself and independently of the bone bio-mineralization process. ...
Boron is a non-essential ubiquitous trace element in the human body. The aim of this study was to assess boron nutritional status by analyzing boron frequency distribution in the long-term biological indicator tissue of hair and the short-term biological indicator of whole blood. Hair samples were analyzed in 727 apparently healthy subjects (263 ♂ and 464 ♀) and the whole blood boron was analyzed in the random subsample of them (80 ♂ and 152 ♀). Samples were analyzed by the ICP-MS at the Center for Biotic Medicine, Moscow, Russia. The adequate reference range for hair boron concentration was (μg ∙ g⁻¹) 0.771- 6.510 for men and distinctly lower 0.472–3.89 for women; there was no detectable difference in the whole blood boron for the adequate reference range between men (0.020–.078) and women (0019–0.062). Boron may play an essential role in the metabolism of the connective tissue of the biological bone matrix.
... A clinical placebo-controlled pilot study (n=20) evaluating the efficacy and safety of one dose of boron salt (borax, sodium tetraborate decahydrate) was reported in 1990 by Travers, et al [28]. The authors reported that boron salts had been used in arthritis before 1975, but no data had been published. ...
... He shared this knowledge with his colleagues and friends and again there was marked improvement in their Arthritis. A small study in Australia on osteoarthrosis showed positive results but was too small to establish boron [28]. Newnham then turned his attention to countries like Jamaica or Mauritius where arthrosis is extensive and demonstrated that this was most likely due low amounts of Boron in the soil. ...
We will present 2 cases of patients suffering from osteoarthrosis, characterized by joint swelling and pain, treated with an organic boron
salt, calcium fructoborate containing 6 mg of elemental Boron daily, resulting in a clinical significant decrease of pain and swelling. Boron salts
have been implied to be essential for plants since the 20s of last century, and suggestions for such essential element status started to emerge for animals and humans since the 80s of last century, although the role of boron salts in a number of physiological functions have remained somewhat controversial and did not penetrate mainstream thinking.
However, since the last few years’ new data emerged supporting the role
... Moreover, surgeons have observed that the bones of patients that had used boron supplementation were harder to cut than those of patients who had not used these supplements [4]. The most convincing evidence for boron usage in the case of OA patients comes from a double-blind placebo boron supplementation trial conducted in Australia [5,6] reporting that boron supplementation may improve symptoms for people with OA and rheumatoid arthritis [6]. Experimental studies on arthritic rats have led to an emerging hypothesis suggesting that boron reduces the risk of inflammatory disease by downregulating enzymes of the inflammatory response and has a beneficial immunomodulatory effect in the arthritic rats [7][8][9]. ...
... Moreover, surgeons have observed that the bones of patients that had used boron supplementation were harder to cut than those of patients who had not used these supplements [4]. The most convincing evidence for boron usage in the case of OA patients comes from a double-blind placebo boron supplementation trial conducted in Australia [5,6] reporting that boron supplementation may improve symptoms for people with OA and rheumatoid arthritis [6]. Experimental studies on arthritic rats have led to an emerging hypothesis suggesting that boron reduces the risk of inflammatory disease by downregulating enzymes of the inflammatory response and has a beneficial immunomodulatory effect in the arthritic rats [7][8][9]. ...
The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether 15 days of dietary supplementation with calcium fructoborate could acutely modulate inflammatory and lipid blood markers in individuals diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis. During 2 weeks, a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 116 subjects that were initially recruited. Seventy-two subjects started the study, being divided into four groups, and only 60 completed the study as designed. The aim was to compare the effects of calcium fructoborate to placebo on subjects diagnosed with knee primary osteoarthritis. The obtained outcomes were inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and lipid markers (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol). No serious adverse events were reported. The calcium fructoborate showed beneficial effect on the inflammatory markers for all groups subjected to the treatment when compared with the placebo group and slight changes in the lipid metabolism. This study suggests that short-term (2 weeks) calcium fructoborate supplementation in patients with osteoarthritis symptoms has a favorable prognosis on inflammation diseases.
... Animal studies with B have involved B supplementation to extremely low in B diets, as well as those evaluating B addition to more practical type of diets containing a higher B concentration. Research from animal and human studies indicates that B has nutritional importance and affects various immune processes [88, 89]. B supplementation to subjects who had previously followed a dietary regimen deficient in B resulted in increase of blood hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and decreases in hematocrit, red cell count, and platelet count [89]. ...
... Research from animal and human studies indicates that B has nutritional importance and affects various immune processes [88, 89]. B supplementation to subjects who had previously followed a dietary regimen deficient in B resulted in increase of blood hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and decreases in hematocrit, red cell count, and platelet count [89]. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 20 human subjects with osteoarthritis (OA), half of the subjects receiving a daily supplement containing 6 mg of B noted subjective improvement in their condition [90]. ...
Calcium fructoborate is a boron-based nutritional supplement. Its chemical structure is similar to one of the natural forms of boron such as bis-manitol, bis-sorbitol, bis-fructose, and bis-sucrose borate complexes found in edible plants. In vitro studies revealed that calcium fructoborate is a superoxide ion scavenger and anti-inflammatory agent. It may influence macrophage production of inflammatory mediators, can be beneficial for the suppression of cytokine production, and inhibits progression of endotoxin-associated diseases, as well as the boric acid and other boron sources. The mechanisms by which calcium fructoborate exerts its beneficial anti-inflammatory effects are not entirely clear, but some of its molecular biological in vitro activities are understood: inhibition of the superoxide within the cell; inhibition of the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitric oxide release in the culture media; and increase of the tumor necrosis factor-α production. Also, calcium fructoborate has no effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 protein express. The studies on animals and humans with a dose range of 1-7 mg calcium fructoborate (0.025-0.175 mg elemental boron)/kg body weight/day exhibited a good anti-inflammatory activity, and it also seemed to have negligible adverse effect on humans.
... [7,8] Due to its anti-inflammatory effect, boron has been used in osteoarthritis patients, and double-blind human studies have shown that the use of boron reduces symptoms to a greater extent compared to the placebo group. [9] In an experimental study assessing the fracture healing effect of hexagonal boron nitride (HBN), it has been mentioned that it can serve as a therapeutic agent to enhance recovery. [10] In another study, the effects of boric acid, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and their combination on cartilage damage were evaluated and it was mentioned that low dose boric acid could have a positive effect on cartilage healing. ...
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding hexagonal boron nitride at four different concentrations to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, which is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries, on the mechanical properties and microarchitecture of the bone cement.
Materials and methods:
The study included an unaltered control group and groups containing four different concentrations (40 g of bone cement with 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g) of hexagonal boron nitride. The samples used for mechanical tests were prepared at 20±2ºC in operating room conditions, using molds in accordance with the test standards. As a result of the tests, the pressure values at which the samples deformed were determined from the load-deformation graphs, and the megapascal (MPa) values at which the samples exhibited strength were calculated.
Results:
The samples with 0.5 g boron added to the bone cement had significantly increased mechanical strength, particularly in the compression test. In the group where 2 g boron was added, it was noted that, compared to the other groups, the strength pressure decreased and the porosity increased. The porosity did not change particularly in the group where 0.5 g boron was added.
Conclusion:
Our study results demonstrate that adding hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) to bone cement at a low concentration (0.5 g / 40 g PPMA) significantly increases the mechanical strength in terms of MPa (compression forces) without adversely affecting porosity. However, the incorporation of HBN at higher concentrations increases porosity, thereby compromising the biomechanical properties of the bone cement, as evidenced by the negative impact on compression and four-point bending tests. Boron-based products have gained increased utilization in the medical field, and HBN is emerging as a promising chemical compound, steadily growing in significance.
... Boron, recognized for its antimicrobial properties, regulates the production of ECM, which plays a crucial role in wound healing by enhancing the release of proteins, collagen, and proteoglycans [49]. Additionally, a study involving 20 patients with osteoarthritis showed that an appropriate dosage of boron administered over an 8-week period improved bone disease [50]. Another investigation exploring the impact of boron on DNA damage induced by arsenic revealed that doses of 10-20 mg/ kg boron suppressed proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NFκB), attributing this effect to the antioxidant activity of boron through the inhibition of ROS [16]. ...
This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of boric acid (BA) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats, evaluating its biochemical and histopathological therapeutic effects. A KOA rat model was induced by injecting monosodium iodoacetate into the knee joint. Random assignment was performed for the experimental groups as follows: group-1(control), group-2(KOA control), group-3 (BA:4 mg/kg, orally), group-4(BA:10 mg/kg, orally), group-5(BA:4 mg/kg, intra-articularly), and group-6(BA:10 mg/kg, intra-articularly). The rats received 100 µL of BA intra-articularly on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 or 1 mL orally once a day (5 days/week) for 4 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on knee joint samples using specific antibodies for IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2). Group-2 exhibited higher serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity than group-1 (P < 0.05). However, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity were lower in all treatment groups than in group-2, with statistically significant reductions observed in groups-4, 5, and 6. Histopathologically, group-2 displayed joint space narrowing, cartilage degeneration, and deep fissures. Groups-5 and 6 demonstrated significant joint space enlargement, articular cartilage tissue regeneration, and immunostaining patterns similar to those in group-1. Immunohistochemically, group-2 showed significant increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and NOS-2 expression. However, all treatment groups exhibited reductions in these expression levels compared to group-2, with statistically significant decreases observed in groups-5 and 6 (P < 0.01). BA shows potential efficacy in reducing inflammation in experimental KOA model in rats. It may be a promising therapeutic agent for KOA, warranting further clinical studies for validation.
... Moreover, there is growing evidence for the role of boron in regulating the normal inflammatory process as it down-regulates the activities of specific inflammatory enzymes and modulates the response of immune cells to antigens [31]. Both human and animal studies reported that boron supplementation reduced pain, swelling, and fever associated with arthritis, indicating its anti-inflammatory activity [32][33][34][35]. Additionally, there is an increasing interest in using boron to prevent and treat periodontitis. ...
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of boric acid (BA) combined with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on postoperative complications and periodontal healing following impacted third molar surgery.
Materials and methods
A total of 80 patients were randomly divided into eight groups. The patients in the study groups received different concentrations of BA ranging from 0.1% to 2.5% combined with CHX or 2% BA mouthwash alone. The control group received CHX mouthwash alone. The scores of self-reported pain and jaw dysfunction, trismus, edema, number of analgesics used, and periodontal parameters were compared between the groups.
Results
2.5% BA + CHX group had significantly lower pain and facial swelling values during the follow-up period. 2% BA + CHX group reported significantly lower jaw dysfunction scores on the fourth and fifth postoperative days. The control group showed significantly higher values for pain, jaw dysfunction, and facial swelling than other groups. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding trismus, analgesic use, and periodontal variables.
Conclusions
The combination of higher concentrations of BA with CHX was more effective in reducing pain, jaw dysfunction, and swelling following impacted third molar surgery than CHX mouthwash alone.
Clinical relevance
The combination of BA and CHX showed better results than the gold standard CHX mouthwash in reducing postoperative complications related to surgical removal of impacted third molars without any adverse effects. This new combination can be an effective alternative to traditional mouthwashes after impacted third molar surgery to ensure oral hygiene.
... Trees treated with the recommended rate of 15 g B produced kernels with 27% and 11% higher B concentration than trees treated with 0 g or 30 g B, respectively. Boron is important in bone formation and maintenance [96,97], and B supplementation can alleviate the symptoms of arthritis [98,99]. There are no clear recommendations for daily dietary B intake, although the World Health Organisation suggests an acceptable safety interval of 1−13 mg/day for adults [100]. ...
Many tree crops experience sub-optimal yields and low fruit quality due to inadequate pollination, low fruit set, and poor crop nutrition. Boron (B) is a critical crop nutrient for fruit set because B levels affect pollen germination and pollen tube growth. However, the relationship between floral B concentration and fruit set is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of B applications on the initial fruit set, yield, quality, and paternity of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia). Cultivar ‘816’ trees received one of three treatments: (a) 0 g, (b) 15 g, or (c) 30 g B per tree prior to flowering. Boron application increased the B concentration of macadamia flowers. Application of 15 g B increased fruit set at 3 weeks after peak anthesis, but this higher initial fruit set was not translated into higher fruit set at 6 or 10 weeks after peak anthesis or higher yield. Boron application increased B concentrations in kernels but did not affect nut-in-shell (NIS) mass, kernel mass, kernel recovery, kernel oil concentration or incidence of whole kernels. Cultivar ‘816’ was highly outcrossing, with 97–98% cross-paternity among kernels from all treatments. Our results indicate that higher B concentration in macadamia flowers can be associated with an increased initial fruit set. However, high B levels did not affect yield, nut quality, or the proportion of self-pollinated fruit at maturity. The heavy dependence on outcrossing highlights the importance of inter-planting different cultivars and managing bee hives to sustain the productivity of macadamia orchards.
... Boron supplementation regulates the natural redox-balance which is disturbed in asthma. This occurs involving several systems, including glutathione (as boron inhibits the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), leading to an increase of the GSH content [180]) and the activity of SOD (by increasing its concentration in erythrocytes [181], and by inhibiting the lipoxygenase system [182]). ...
Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.
... The supplementation as calcium fructoborate (6 mg per day) can alleviate pain, joint rigidity and increase the mobility of the patients (21,22). ...
Introduction. Boron is a trace mineral that is supposed to be essential for human health. Organic plant based boron compounds are highly bioavailable for humans and can positively influence minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and act in synergy with vitamin D, which are beneficial for osteoarticular health. Material and methods. We made an analysis of 126 bibliographic sources and mapped the Republic of Moldova to the content of boron in deep water and to the adults’ prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthropathy. Results. Boron is important for osteogenesis and its deficiency can lead to impaired growth and abnormal bones development. It supports bone health in postmenopausal women by reducing urinary loss of the minerals such as calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, which are essential for bone building. In countries where soil was depleted of boron and daily intake of this mineral was 1 mg or lower, the incidence of arthritis was between 20 and 70%. In Moldova, in the regions where boron concentration in deep drinking water were low (0.28 mg/L in well water and 0.51 mg/L in artesian well water) in Soroca in 2019, the prevalence with the rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthropathy were high (51.6 per 10000 inhabitants) with one exception, UTA Gagauzia (35.1 per 10000 inhabitants), where we found a high boron concentration in deep drinking water (2.05 mg/L in well water and 2.2 mg/L in artesian well water) in 2015. Conclusions. Boron can affect bone metabolism. In regions where boron concentration in deep drinking water is low, the osteoarticular morbidity can be higher with the exception of UTA Gagauzia, where we suppose that dietary pattern can be a cause of these results. In the future we will study eating habits in this region and a clearer conclusion will be made.
... Boronated compounds show potential in treating arthritis, while boron-10 has been used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Tavaborole-containing boron is an inhibitor of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase which is used to treat toenail fungus (Travers et al. 1990). ...
... Boronated compounds show potential in treating arthritis, while boron-10 has been used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Tavaborole-containing boron is an inhibitor of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase which is used to treat toenail fungus (Travers et al. 1990). ...
Metalloids are of vital importance to human health, plants, and all other living organisms. In plants, metalloids play a role in diverse physiological processes. Some of the metalloids like boron, selenium, and silicon are beneficial or essential for healthy plant growth, whereas others, like arsenic and germanium, are highly toxic. The metalloids considered beneficial also impose significant threat when large amounts are present in the soil. Availability of metalloids and their speciation in different chemical forms is greatly influenced by microbial activity. Like plants, metalloids have beneficial as well as toxic effects for soil microflora. The requirement and toxicity level of metalloids greatly vary among living organisms, mostly because of differences in metabolic activity, transport, and tolerance mechanisms. Many protective mechanisms used by plants and other organisms have been studied, which include physical, biochemical, and molecular adaptations they use to sustain themselves under metalloid stress. This chapter discusses our current understanding of the beneficial and harmful role metalloids play and their underlying molecular mechanisms.
... Selenium reduces heavy metal and xenobiotic toxicity (Ganther, 1980), prevents the endemic fatal cardiomyopathy called "Keshan" disease (Yang et al., 1983), and treats muscular dystrophy in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition (Van Rij et al., 1979). Boron, on the other hand, prevents and treats various forms of arthritis, as well as improves psychomotor response, brain function, and estrogen ingestion in postmenopausal women (Havercroft and Ward, 1991;Nielsen, 1994;Nielsen et al., 1987Nielsen et al., , 1990Shah and Vohora, 1990;Travers et al., 1990). Excessive intake of Se, however, increases the risks of developing breast, colorectal and kidney cancers, melanoma and lymphoid neoplasms, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Ayaz et al., 2008;Brtko and Filipcik, 1994;Chatterjee and Banerjee, 1982;Maraldi et al., 2011;Stoica et al., 2000;Vinceti et al., 1995Vinceti et al., , 1996Vinceti et al., , 1998Vinceti et al., , 2013. ...
Massive and ambitious underground space development projects are being undertaken by many countries around the world to decongest megacities, improve the urban landscapes, upgrade outdated transportation networks, and expand modern railway and road systems. A number of these projects, however, reported that substantial portions of the excavated debris are oftentimes naturally contaminated with hazardous elements, which are readily released in substantial amounts once exposed to the environment. These contaminated excavation debris/spoils/mucks, loosely referred to as “naturally contaminated rocks”, contain various hazardous and toxic inorganic elements like arsenic (As), selenium (Se), boron (B), and heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). If left untreated, these naturally contaminated rocks could pose very serious problems not only to the surrounding ecosystem but also to people living around the construction and disposal sites. Several incidents of soil and ground/surface water contamination, for example, have been documented due to the false assumption that excavated materials are non-hazardous because they only contain background levels of environmentally regulated elements. Naturally contaminated rocks are hazardous wastes, but they still remain largely unregulated. In fact, standard leaching tests for their evaluation and classification are not yet established. In this review, we summarized all available studies in the literature about the factors and processes crucial in the enrichment, release, and migration of the most commonly encountered hazardous and toxic elements in naturally contaminated geological materials. Although our focus is on naturally contaminated rocks, analogue systems like contaminated soils, sediments, and other hazardous wastes that have been more widely studied will also be discussed. Classification schemes and leaching tests to properly identify and regulate excavated rocks that may potentially pose environmental problems will be examined. Finally, management and mitigation strategies to limit the negative effects of these hazardous wastes are introduced.
... The consequence on the inflammatory or immune response could be the reason that boron was estimated favorable in an experiment on 20 patients having osteoarthritis disease. The proper amount of boron in these patients results in recovery from bone disorders for a trial of 8 weeks [164]. Arthritic individuals supplemented with boron self-reported considerable progresses in personal measures of restricted motion, fewer analgesics for pain relief and joint swelling. ...
Boron is an essential mineral that plays an important role in several biological processes. Boron is required for growth of plants, animals, and humans. There are increasing evidences of this nutrient showing a variety of pleiotropic effects, ranging from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to the modulation of different body systems. In the past few years, the trials showed disease-related polymorphisms of boron in different species, which has drawn attention of scientists to the significance of boron to health. Low boron profile has been related with poor immune function, increased risk of mortality, osteoporosis, and cognitive deterioration. High boron status revealed injury to cell and toxicity in different animals and humans. Some studies have shown some benefits of higher boron status, but findings have been generally mixed, which perhaps accentuates the fact that dietary intake will benefit only if supplemental amount is appropriate. The health benefits of boron are numerous in animals and humans; for instance, it affects the growth at safe intake. Central nervous system shows improvement and immune organs exhibit enhanced immunity with boron supplementation. Hepatic metabolism also shows positive changes in response to dietary boron intake. Furthermore, animals and human fed diets supplemented with boron reveal improved bone density and other benefits including embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer therapy. It has also been reported that boron affects the metabolism of several enzymes and minerals. In the background of these health benefits, low or high boron status is giving cause for concern. Additionally, researches are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of boron effects, and determine the requirements in different species.
... For instance, boron-containing structures may influence inotropic and metabotropic receptors, enzyme-linked receptors, and cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors (Soriano-Ursúa et al. 2014). The administration of boric acid to humans in quantities of 20-60 mg/day has been found effective for arthritis treatment (Travers et al. 1990), and specific boron-containing compounds appear to reduce certain types of neoplasia (Scorei and Popa 2010). ...
... As boron's mechanism of action in human health becomes better elucidated, particularly for its proposed enhancement of calcium and magnesium retention in osteoporosis prevention and treatment (Nielsen et al., 1987;Nielsen, 1990;Hunt et al., 1994Hunt et al., , 1997, and its possible influence on steroid hormone metabolism (Lee et al., 1978;Nielsen et al., 1987;Samman et al., 1998;Miljkovic et al., 2004), it has a historically compelling physiologic role in the maintenance of joint health (Travers et al., 1990;Newnham, 1994;Gaby, 1999), reduction in the risk of prostate cancer (Zhang et al., 2001;Gallardo-Williams et al., 2004), enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in bone health (Nielsen and Stoecker, 2009), and improvement of cognitive function (Penland, 1994(Penland, , 1998. The enhanced fructo-boron-calcium complex has been clinically tested for efficacy as a cancer therapy and anti-tumor support (Scorei and Popa, 2010;Scorei, 2011), and for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Scorei and Rotaru, 2011;Reyes-Iquierdo et al., 2012;Militaru et al., 2013;Pietrzkowski et al., 2014;Rogoveanu et al., 2015) capabilities. ...
... Nowadays, less attention is being paid to researching the toxicological profile of BCCs, with a greater effort being made to gain insights into the boron requirements of animals, particularly mammals, as well as the potential advantages of boron in drugs. In fact, today it is accepted that the administration of BCCs (boric acid, 20-60mg /day) can be effective for arthritis treatment, that some of these compounds can reduce the incidence of certain types of neoplasia, and that others can act as inflammatory modulators (Travers, 1990;Scorei, 2011a;Scorei, 2011b). In addition, it is now known that boron deprivation limits growth (bone length), disrupts cognitive function, diminishes the level of steroid hormones, and lowers calcium or magnesium plasma concentrations (Rowe, 1990;Fort, 2002;Park, 2005;Hakki, 2010;Cheng, 2011;Malitaru, 2013). ...
Boron is ubiquitous in nature, being an essential element of diverse cells. As a result, humans have had contact with boron containing compounds (BCCs) for a long time. During the 20th century, BCCs were developed as antiseptics, antibiotics, cosmetics and insecticides. Boric acid was freely used in the nosocomial environment as an antiseptic and sedative salt, leading to the death of patients and an important discovery about its critical toxicology for humans. Since then the many toxicological studies done in relation to BCCs have helped to establish the proper limits of their use. During the last 15 years, there has been a boom of research on the design and use of new, potent and efficient boron containing drugs, finding that the addition of boron to some known drugs increases their affinity and selectivity. This mini-review summarizes two aspects of BCCs: toxicological data found with experimental models, and the scarce but increasing data about the structure-activity relationship for toxicity and therapeutic use. As is the case with boron-free compounds, the biological activity of BCCs is related to their chemical structure. We discuss the use of new technology to discover potent and efficient BCCs for medicinal therapy by avoiding toxic effects.
... decahydrate) was seen in 20 subjects with OA; 50% of subjects receiving supplemental boron improved compared with only 10% of those receiving the placebo. 61 In vitro studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of calcium fructoborate-a naturally occurring, plantbased, boron-carbohydrate complex-on cellular cultures, 62 and an open-label pilot study (n = 20) found that calcium fructoborate had highly positive effects on OA symptoms. 26 In the 8-week pilot study, OA patients were divided into 2 groups, those with mild and medium forms of OA and those with severe cases. ...
The trace mineral boron is a micronutrient with diverse and vitally important roles in metabolism that render it necessary for plant, animal, and human health, and as recent research suggests, possibly for the evolution of life on Earth. As the current article shows, boron has been proven to be an important trace mineral because it (1) is essential for the growth and maintenance of bone; (2) greatly improves wound healing; (3) beneficially impacts the body's use of estrogen, testosterone, and vitamin D; (4) boosts magnesium absorption; (5) reduces levels of inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); (6) raises levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; (7) protects against pesticide-induced oxidative stress and heavy-metal toxicity; (8) improves the brains electrical activity, cognitive performance, and short-term memory for elders; (9) influences the formation and activity of key biomolecules, such as S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)); (10) has demonstrated preventive and therapeutic effects in a number of cancers, such as prostate, cervical, and lung cancers, and multiple and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; and (11) may help ameliorate the adverse effects of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. In none of the numerous studies conducted to date, however, do boron's beneficial effects appear at intakes > 3 mg/d. No estimated average requirements (EARs) or dietary reference intakes (DRIs) have been set for boron-only an upper intake level (UL) of 20 mg/d for individuals aged ≥ 18 y. The absence of studies showing harm in conjunction with the substantial number of articles showing benefits support the consideration of boron supplementation of 3 mg/d for any individual who is consuming a diet lacking in fruits and vegetables or who is at risk for or has osteopenia; osteoporosis; osteoarthritis (OA); or breast, prostate, or lung cancer.
... More recently, it has been therapeutically used in humans [7,74]. Oral boron supplements have been used as nutritional adjuvant in the treatment of osteoarthritis [43,75] and stable angina pectoris [72], or to prevent bone loss [31,76]. In the past, in pharmaceutical preparations, the boric acid was used as a skin and mucosa antiseptic. ...
According to the literature, there are increasingly more scientific data regarding the boron importance in the human nutrition. The request for boron supplements has become more significant due to the following two discoveries: boron transport within the animal cell and the cellular signaling of some bacteria by a sugar borate complex. It is necessary to establish the benefits and the toxicity of boron consumption for humans and animals, although a biological function of boron has not been defined yet. In addition, it is important to know the legal regulations for boron use worldwide, its physiological effects and health uses.
... Selenium is used to reduce heavy metals and xenobiotic toxicity (Ganther, 1980), prevent the endemic fatal cardiomyopathy called "Keshan" disease (Yang et al., 1983), and treat muscular dystrophy appearing in patients on longterm parenteral nutrition (Van Rij et al., 1979). Likewise, B prevents and treats various forms of arthritis, as well as improves psychomotor response, brain function and estrogen ingestion response in postmenopausal women (Havercroft and Ward, 1991;Nielsen, 1994;Nielsen et al., 1987Nielsen et al., , 1990Shah and Vohora, 1990;Travers et al., 1990). In excess, however, Se increases the risks of developing breast, colorectal and kidney cancers, melanoma and lymphoid neoplasms, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Ayaz et al., 2008;Brtko and Filipcik, 1994;Chatterjee and Banerjee, 1982;Maraldi et al., 2011;Stoica et al., 2000;Vinceti et al., 1995Vinceti et al., , 1996Vinceti et al., , 1998Vinceti et al., , 2013 while B causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, erythematous lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, circulatory collapse, tachycardia, cyanosis, delirium, convulsions, and coma (Beyer et al., 1983;Siegel and Wason, 1986). ...
Sedimentary rocks of marine origin excavated from tunnel construction projects usually contain background levels of hazardous trace elements, but when exposed to the environment, they generate leachates with concentrations of arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and boron (B) exceeding the WHO guideline for drinking water. In this study, the leaching of As, Se and B was evaluated under in situ conditions at various flow patterns, particle size distributions and column thicknesses. The results showed that these trace elements were leached out of the rock via short and long term mechanisms. In the short term, all three elements were rapidly and simultaneously released due to the dissolution of soluble evaporite salts formed from entrapped sea water of the Cretaceous. After their rapid release, however, these trace elements behaved differently as a result of their contrasting adsorption affinities onto minerals like clays and Fe-oxyhydroxides, which were further influenced by the pH, presence of coexisting ions and speciation of the trace elements. Selenium was quickly and easily transported out of the columns because it was mostly present as the very mobile selenate ion (Se[VI]). In comparison, the migration of As and B was hindered by adsorption reactions onto mineral phases of the rock. Boron was initially the least mobile among the three because of its preferential adsorption onto clay minerals that was further enhanced by the slightly alkaline pH and high concentrations of Ca(2+) and Na(+). However, it was gradually re-mobilized in the latter part of the experiments because it was only weakly adsorbed via outer sphere complexation reactions. In the long term, the rock continued to release substantial amounts of As, Se and B via pyrite oxidation and adsorption/desorption reactions, which were regulated by the temperature and rainfall intensity/frequency on site.
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... Newnham study and various others (Havercroft and Ward, 1991;Shah and Vohora, 1990;Travers et al., 1990) illustrate that boron can be effective in preventing and treating various forms of arthritis. ...
... A very small study has suggested that boron may help patients with osteoarthritis, but 3 of the 10 patients on boron dropped out, apparently because of "intercurrent medical problems" or "signi cant worsening of condition". It would be interesting to know whether boron toxicity contributed to these problems [14]. It is possible that, if boron helps in certain conditions, it is acting as a drug, with side effects, rather than as a nutrient. ...
Purpose : To determine whether there is a significant relationship between the consumption of alcohol, purines and boron, and the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome or frequent diarrhoea. Design : Statistical survey of diets. Materials and Methods : 120 individuals, seeking help with chronic health problems, were assessed for their intake of purines, alcohol and boron, which are dietary items that use body stores of vitamin B2 and molybdenum. They stated whether they had irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or frequent diarrhoea. The proportions with different types of diet who had symptoms were compared. The group was extended to 578 individuals, and the calculations repeated, both for the whole group, and for males and females separately. Statistical significance was assessed, using a chi-squared test. Results : In all three groups, those with higher intakes of alcohol, purines and boron had a higher prevalence of IBS or frequent diarrhoea. The relationship was found to be significant. Conclusions : Reducing alcohol, purines and boron in the diet of patients with IBS or chronic diarrhoea may be a cost-effective treatment. A randomized study would be helpful to assess the results of such an intervention.
Purpose:
To compare the effects of subgingival irrigation with 0.75% boric acid (BA) and 1% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbiologic parameters in the management of patients with periodontitis after a 12-month follow-up.
Methods:
Sixty systemically healthy individuals diagnosed with periodontitis were included in this double-blind randomised clinical trial. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment groups: (1) SRP plus 0.75% BA and (2) SRP plus 1% PVP-I. Whole-mouth periodontals were clinically examined, and the counts of bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Solobacterium moorei (Sm) and Streptococcus salivarius (Ss) were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results:
All periodontal parameters and the counts of Aa, Fn, Pg, Td, Tf, Sm and Ss in both groups showed statistically significant reductions at T3, T6 and T12 compared to T0. Whole-mouth or moderate or severe PD and CAL improvements were significantly found in the 0.75% BA group compared to the 1% PVP-I group at T3, T6 and T12. The reduction in Aa or Fn and the reduction in Ss were significantly higher in the 0.75% BA group at T6 and T12 than in the 1% PVP-I group.
Conclusion:
This study shows that subgingival irrigation with 0.75% BA may be an alternative to 1% PVP-I because it promotes greater PD reductions and CAL gain, particularly up to 12 months after treatment.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of boric acid(BA) in treatingknee osteoarthritis(KOA) in rats, evaluating its biochemical and histopathological therapeutic effects.
Methods: The KOA rat model was induced by injecting monosodium iodoacetate into the knee joint. Random assignment was performed for the experimental groups as follows: group-1(control), group-2(KOA control), group-3(BA:4 mg/kg,orally), group-4(BA:10 mg/kg,orally), group-5 (BA:4 mg/kg,intra-articularly), and group-6(BA:10 mg/kg,intra-articularly). The rats received 100 µL of BA intra-articularly on days 1,7,14, and 21 or 1 mL orally once a day (5 days/week) for 4 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on knee joint samples using specific antibodies for IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP13, and nitric oxide synthase-2(NOS-2).
Results. Group-2 exhibited higher serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-13 than group-1(P<0.05). However, these levels were lower in all treatment groups compared to group-2, with statistically significant reductions observed in groups-4,5, and 6. Histopathologically, group-2 displayed joint space narrowing, cartilage degeneration, and deep fissures. Groups-5 and 6 demonstrated significant joint space enlargement, articular cartilage tissue regeneration, and immunostaining patterns similar to those in group-1. Immunohistochemically, group-2 showed significant increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and NOS-2 expression. However, all treatment groups exhibited reductions in these expression levelscompared to group-2, with statistically significant decreases observed in groups-5 and 6(P<0.01).
Conclusions. BA shows potential efficacy in reducing inflammation in experimental KOA models in rats. It may be a promising therapeutic agent for KOA, warranting further clinical studies for validation.
Bor, kemik sağılığı üzerine olumlu etkileri olan ve doğada bulunan bir iz elementtir. Borun çeşitli formları doğada bulunmaktadır ve farklı düzeyde etkinliğe sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı bor çeşitlerinin kemik sağlığı üzerine etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla, yirmi dört adet wistar rat kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar dört gruba ayrılmıştır. İlk grup kontrol grubudur ve herhangi bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Diğer üç gruba üç hafta boyunca oral olarak gavaj ile 3mg/kg borik asit (BA), kalsiyum fruktoborat(CaFB) ve potasyum bor sitrat(KBCi) verilmiştir. Hayvanların serum ve kemik dokularında TNF-α, IL1-β, total oksidan seviyesi(TOS), total antioksidan seviyesi(TAS), osteopontin ve osteokalsin düzeyleri ELIZA yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçlarında kontrol grubu ve bor çeşitlerinin uygulandığı gruplar arasında serum ve kemik dokuda TNF-α ve IL-1β düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlemlenmemiştir(p>0.05). Benzer bir şekilde serum ve kemik TOS düzeyleri de kontrol ve diğer gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir(p>0.05). Fakat serum TAS düzeyi kontrole nispeten hem serumda hem de kemik dokuda BA, CaFB ve KBCi uygulamasıyla birlikte anlamlı şekilde artmıştır(p
BORON İN ENDUSTRY AND HEALTH
Objectives:
To evaluate if local delivery of boron can accelerate bone healing and examine if the bioactive salt impacts the osteogenic response of bone-derived osteoclasts and osteoblasts by the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Methods:
Bilateral femoral cortical defects were created in 32 skeletally mature C57 mice. On the experimental side, boric acid (8 mg/kg concentration) was injected locally, whereas on the control side, saline was used. Mice were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days. MicroCT was used to quantify bone regeneration at the defect. Histological staining for alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was used to quantify osteoblast and osteoclast activity, respectively. Immunohistochemical antibodies, β-catenin, and CD34 were used to quantify active β-catenin levels and angiogenesis, respectively.
Results:
The boron group exhibited higher bone volume and trabecular thickness at 28 days on microCT. Both alkaline phosphatase activity and β-catenin activity was significantly higher in the boron group at 7 days. In addition, CD34 staining revealed increased angiogenesis at 14 days in boron-treated groups. We found boron to have no association with osteoclast activity.
Conclusions:
This study shows that local delivery of boron is associated with an increase in osteoblast activity at early phases of healing. The corresponding increase in β-catenin likely supports that boron increases osteoblast activity by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Increased angiogenesis at 14 days could be a separate mechanism of increasing bone formation that is independent of Wnt/β-catenin activation.
Introduction: Dental plaque is the primary aetiological factor for periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing may fail to eliminate periodontal pathogenic species because of limited access to the root surface and tissue-invading properties of some periodontal pathogens. Considerable attention has been devoted to the possibility of using antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine to eliminate periodontal pathogens with limited success. Studies show that boric acid has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.75% boric acid when used as a subgingival irrigation agent as an adjunct to oral prophylaxis in treatment of localised chronic periodontitis. Methods: A total of 40 individuals who reported to the dental college with localised periodontitis (pocket depth of ≥ 6 mm) participated in the study. Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Probing Pocket Depth were recorded at baseline and one month post irrigation with either 0.75% boric acid (Group I) or 0.2% chlorhexidine (group II). Intragroup comparison was done using student “t” test. Results: Intra-group comparison in Group I and Group II showed significant results for reduction in Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Probing Pocket Depth. Significant results observed for reduction of Probing Pocket Depth (<0.025) between the two groups - Plaque Index (>0.54) and Gingival Index (>0.93) were non-significant one month postoperatively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that 0.75% boric acid has similar efficacy as 0.2% chlorhexidine as a coadjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.
Aim:
Borinic acid quinoline esters are a recently-identified class of new antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds known to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. They have proposed to have osteostimulative properties by causing osteoblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of the subgingival delivery of boric acid gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and radiographic parameters, and compare this method with SRP plus placebo gel alone in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.
Methods:
Thirty-nine systemically-healthy patients with CP were included in the present study. They were divided into two groups: (a) SRP + 0.75% boric acid gel (BA group); and (b) SRP + placebo gel (placebo group). At baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), intrabony defect depth, and percentage change in radiographic defect depth reduction (DDR%) as radiographic parameters were assessed.
Results:
The mean PD reduction and mean CAL gain were greater in the BA group than the placebo group at 3 and 6 months. A significantly greater mean percentage of radiographic DDR% was found in the BA group (36.97±3.47%) compared to the placebo group (2.88±0.89%) after 6 months.
Conclusion:
BA as an adjunct to SRP can provide a new insight into therapeutic strategies for the management of CP, but further clinical evaluations are needed.
Nutrients such as minerals and vitamin D have clear roles in skeletal metabolism. Boron (B) has been examined as a possible essential nutrient in the metabolism and utilisation of several micro nutrients and hence could have an influence on bone mineral density and eggshell quality. However, there have been few direct studies to examine the dietary response to B in chicken and layer hen models, although there is evidence that both compositional and functional properties of bone are affected by dietary boron status in other model animals and humans. Bone integrity, skeletal problems in chickens and eggshell quality in laying hens are important economic, welfare and health issues for the poultry industry. Therefore, better understanding of certain role of B on mineral availability in chickens and layer hens is important to enhance productivity and improve animal welfare. The following review examines the published data relating to these aspects of B in poultry feed.
Boron is known as an important elment in human and animal feeding and several researches has been conductual to understand its biochemical and metobolical effects. Presence of rich boron reservours in Turkey and therefore its economical side make current and future boron related research important.
In this review, biochemical features of boron, its presentation in nature, roles in animal and plant products, effects on metabolisms of human and animals were reviewed. Also, a detailed rewiew was mode from ralated researches.
In vitro, animal, and human experiments have shown that boron is a bioactive element in nutritional amounts that beneficially affects bone growth and central nervous system function, alleviates arthritic symptoms, facilitates hormone action and is associated with a reduced risk for some types of cancer. The diverse effects of boron suggest that it influences the formation and/or activity of substances that are involved in numerous biochemical processes. Several findings suggest that this influence is through the formation of boroesters in biomolecules containing cis-hydroxyl groups. These biomolecules include those that contain ribose (e.g., S-adenosylmethionine, diadenosine phosphates, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). In addition, boron may form boroester complexes with phosphoinositides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids that affect cell membrane integrity and function. Both animal and human data indicate that an intake of less than 1.0mg/day inhibits the health benefits of boron. Dietary surveys indicate such an intake is not rare. Thus, increasing boron intake by consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts and pulses should be recognized as a reasonable dietary recommendation to enhance health and well-being.
Growing evidence from a variety of experimental models shows that boron is a bioactive and beneficial (perhaps essential) element for humans. Reported beneficial actions of boron include arthritis alleviation or risk reduction, bone growth and maintenance, central nervous system function, cancer risk reduction, hormone facilitation, and immune response, inflammation, and oxidative stress modulation. The diverse effects of boron indicate that it influences the formation and/or activity of an entity that is involved in many biochemical processes. Formation of boroesters with the ribose moiety of compounds involved in numerous reactions, such as S-adenosylmethionine and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) might be the reason for boron bioactivity. Both animal and human data suggest that boron intakes should be >1.0 mg/d. Many people consume less than this amount. Thus, a low boron intake should be considered a health concern, which can be prevented by diets rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and pulses.
Boron has recently come to the attention of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as a possible contaminant worthy of regulation, but questions must still be addressed before a regulatory determination can take place. This article reviews current knowledge about boron as it pertains to water treatment and the environment so that informed decisions can be made regarding regulations and direction of future research. Specifically, this article summarizes boron chemistry, boron occurrence, health effects of boron, existing guidelines and regulations concerning boron, and methods for removing boron from drinking water.
Boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo), two of the seven essential micronutrients, also known as trace elements, are required for the normal growth of most plants. The Principal functions of B include its role in membrane integrity, seed production, root elongation and sugar metabolism. During recent years, B has also been found to be implicated in human health. Detailed studies need to be undertaken to monitor and promote the concentration of B in vegetables and other food crops as it may be related to human and animal health. The chief biochemical functions of Mo include its role in N fixation in legumes, and regulation of nitrate reduction and protein content. The role of Mo in humans, in general, is less well understood. Plants can have very high levels of Mo before its toxicity symptoms appear. It is well known that feeding crops, high in Mo, to the cattle, results in Mo toxicity, often referred to as molybdenosis or Mo induced Cu deficiency. In humans, B deficiency has been found to be linked to calcium metabolism, bone health, prostate cancer, enhancing the effect of estrogen ingestion, cognitive functions, thyroids function and some other ailments. Some of the B deficiency diseases include arthritis, osteoporosis and abnormal bone growth, reduced estrogen ingestion, rapid heart rate and muscle cramping. In general, Mo deficiency in humans is not common. Deficiency of Mo in humans has been reported in patients receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition. Chief symptoms of Mo deficiency include tachycardia, headache, mental disturbances and coma.
Background:
The purpose of this single-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of boric acid irrigation as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical and microbiologic parameters and compare this method with chlorhexidine irrigation and SRP alone in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).
Methods:
Forty-five systemically healthy patients with CP are included in this study. They were divided into three groups: 1) SRP + saline irrigation (C); 2) SRP + chlorhexidine irrigation (CHX); and 3) SRP + boric acid irrigation (B). To determine an ideal concentration of boric acid, a preclinical analysis was conducted. At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment, clinical measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were performed, and subgingival plaque samples were taken. Quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Treponema denticola (Td) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures.
Results:
The concentration of boric acid is 0.75% in this study. All clinical parameters showed statistically significant reduction at all time points compared to baseline in all groups (P <0.001). Whole-mouth PD and CAL reduction was similar in all groups at all time points after treatment (P >0.05). The PD and CAL reductions for moderately deep pockets (PD ≥5 and <7) were greater in the B group compared to other groups between baseline and 1 month (P <0.05). For deep pockets (PD ≥7), reductions were similar in the B and CHX groups (P >0.05). BOP (percentage) was significantly lower in the B group compared with the CHX and C groups in the first month after treatment (P <0.001). GI and PI scores were significantly lower in the B and CHX groups compared with the C group at all time points after treatment (P <0.05). The amounts of Pg, Tf, and Td were significantly reduced in all treatment groups after 1 month (P <0.05). No statistically significant differences were detected among the groups for microbiologic parameters at any time points after treatment (P >0.05).
Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that boric acid could be an alternative to chlorhexidine, and it might be more favorable because boric acid was superior in whole-mouth BOP as well as PD and CAL reduction for moderate pockets in early time periods.
This review summarizes the evidence for boron essentiality across the biological spectrum with special focus on biochemical pathways and biomolecules relevant to immune function. Boron is an essential trace element for at least some organisms in each of the phylogenetic kingdoms Eubacteria, Stramenopila (brown algae and diatoms), Viridiplantae (green algae and familiar green plants), Fungi, and Animalia. Discovery of several of the currently recognized boron-containing biomolecules was achieved because the bound boron formed four coordinate covalent bonds with the ligand, creating a thermodynamically stable complex that is almost undissociable in water. Boron is a constitutive element in three antibiotics and a quorum-sensing signal in bacteria. It enhances Fc receptor expression and interleukin-6 production in cultured mammalian macrophages. Boron binds tightly to the diadenosine polyphosphates and inhibits the in vitro activities of various serine protease and oxidoreductase enzymes. Physiological amounts of dietary boron decrease skinfold thickness after antigen injection in gilts and elevated circulating natural killer cells after adjuvant injection in rats. It is predicted that several boron biomolecules waiting discovery are signaling molecules that interact with the cell surface and are probably composed of two mirror or near-mirror halves stabilized by a single boron atom to form a large circular biomolecule. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 16:291–306, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Research in a number of animal species indicates that boron is of nutritional importance and findings continue to support
the concept that boron is an essential trace element (Nielsen, 2002). Recent studies indicate that dietary boron affects various
immune processes (Hunt and Idso, 1999; Armstrong et al. 2001). The immune system consists of an array of interrelated components
that function to protect the host animal against foreign materials, including pathogenic organisms. The immune system can
be divided into innate and adaptive or acquired immunity. Innate immunity is non-specific in regard to foreign organisms that
it will attack, and consists of physical barriers to organisms such as skin and internal mucous membranes, as well as components
that are induced by exposure to foreign material such as phagocytic cells and complement. The innate immune system responds
rapidly to invasion of the host by foreign materials; however, its effect is of relatively short duration. The adaptive immune
system develops slower in response to attack by various invaders, but is more substained and leads to proliferation of lymphocytes
and synthesis of antibodies specifically directed at the organism invading the host. In addition, the adaptive immune system
also results in immunological memory that provides long-term immunity against future attacks by the same organism. This paper
will review research indicating a role for boron in immune function.
Various diverse research findings have been summarized to develop the boron-inflammation regulation hypothesis that boron reduces the risk for inflammatory disease by serving as a suppressive signal that down-regulates enzymatic activities typically elevated during the normal inflammatory process. There is in vivo evidence for an immunomodulatory effect of physiologic amounts of dietary boron. Specifically, boron helps control the normal inflammatory process by modulating the response of key immune cells to antigens by an undefined mechanism. Boron may act to regulate the normal inflammatory process by serving as a signal suppressor that down-regulates the activities of specific enzymes involved in the inflammatory process and thus may play a role in modulating the development of inflammatory disease. Suppression, but not elimination, of activities of these enzymes is hypothesized to reduce the incidence and severity of the symptoms of inflammatory disease.
This review describes the findings from human and animal studies indicating that B is a dynamic trace element which, in physiological amounts, can affect the metabolism or utilisation of numerous other substances involved in life processes including macrominerals, energy substrates such as triglycerides and glucose, nitrogen containing substances such as amino acids and proteins, reactive oxygen species, and estrogen. Through these effects, B can affect the function or composition of several body systems, including the brain, skeleton and immune system, generally in a beneficial fashion. Moreover, homeostatic mechanisms apparently exist for B because it is rapidly excreted in the urine, does not accumulate in tissues, and is maintained in a relatively narrow range of concentrations in blood of healthy individuals. Thus, even though B has not been conclusively established as essential because a biochemical function for it has not been identified, its beneficial actions suggest that an intake of over 1 mg day-1 (but probably not more than 13 mg day-1) is desirable; diets low in fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts may not provide this amount of B. Boron may be of more practical nutritional importance than currently acknowledged.
Review of Trace Elements in Nutrition) Daniela Schlettwein-Gsell und Sibylle Mommsen-Straub
- Ubcrsicht Spurenelemente
- Ix Lebensmitteln
- Bor
- Ubcrsicht Spurenelemente
- Ix Lebensmitteln
- Bor
Arthritic's drugs: breakthrough seen in boron analogues
- B F Spielvogel
- I Hall
The pharmacology of boric acid and boron compounds
- C C Pfeiffer
- E H Jenny