No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A New d-Lactone Containing Triterpene from the Flowers of Calendula officinalis
Pharmaceutical Biology
Abstract
A new δ-lactone containing triterpene, 4β-methylcholest-20-en-12a-ol-3β-olide, was isolated from Calendula officinalis Linn. flowers in addition to three known compounds, lanast-20(22)-en-3β-ol, stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol, and stigmast-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic (UV, IR, NMR, and MS) methods and chemical reactions.
... Cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol) C. officinalis (l,s) [51,52] 227 24-Methylen-cholesterol C. officinalis (l) [51] 228 Cholest-7-en-3β-ol C. officinalis (l) [51] 229 4β-Metylcholest-20-en-12-ol-3β-olide (calendulosterolide) C. officinalis (f) [55] Lanost-20(22)-en-3β-ol C. officinalis (f) [55] 231 Lanosta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (lanosterol) C. suffruticosa (ae) [42] Triterpenes: dammarane derivatives 232 Dammara-20,24-dien-3β-ol (dammaradienol) C. officinalis (f) [3] Triterpenes: cycloartane derivatives 233 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3β-ol (cycloartenol) C. officinalis (f) [3] 234 24-Methylenecycloartanol C. officinalis (f,l,r) [3,54] Triterpenes: friedelane derivatives ...
... Cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol) C. officinalis (l,s) [51,52] 227 24-Methylen-cholesterol C. officinalis (l) [51] 228 Cholest-7-en-3β-ol C. officinalis (l) [51] 229 4β-Metylcholest-20-en-12-ol-3β-olide (calendulosterolide) C. officinalis (f) [55] Lanost-20(22)-en-3β-ol C. officinalis (f) [55] 231 Lanosta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (lanosterol) C. suffruticosa (ae) [42] Triterpenes: dammarane derivatives 232 Dammara-20,24-dien-3β-ol (dammaradienol) C. officinalis (f) [3] Triterpenes: cycloartane derivatives 233 9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3β-ol (cycloartenol) C. officinalis (f) [3] 234 24-Methylenecycloartanol C. officinalis (f,l,r) [3,54] Triterpenes: friedelane derivatives ...
Marigold (Calendula), an important asteraceous genus, has a history of many centuries of therapeutic use in traditional and officinal medicines all over the world. The scientific study of Calendula metabolites was initiated at the end of the 18th century and has been successfully performed for more than a century. The result is an investigation of five species (i.e., C. officinalis, C. arvensis, C. suffruticosa, C. stellata, and C. tripterocarpa) and the discovery of 656 metabolites (i.e., mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes, phenols, coumarins, hydroxycinnamates, flavonoids, fatty acids, carbohydrates , etc.), which are discussed in this review. The identified compounds were analyzed by various separation techniques as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography which are summarized here. Thus, the genus Calendula is still a high-demand plant-based medicine and a valuable bioactive agent, and research on it will continue for a long time.
The in vitro antifungal activity of Calendula officinalis flower extracts have been investigated against Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus japonicum, Candida albicans, Candida tropicallisand Rhodotorula glutinis. The extracts of Calendula officinalis showed high degree of activity against all test fungi. The inhibitory effects of extracts are very close and identical in magnitude and are comparable with that of standard abtibiotics used.
Calendula officinalis L. and S. barbadetiman are used in Brazil for the treatment of a number of aliments. The healing properties of these substances are well known, mainly in domestic or sun burn. In order to establish a pharmacological rationale for the traditional use of these plants as a cicatrizant or antiinflammatory remedy, we used ethanol extracts or gel from stem bark of the S. barbadetiman and inflorescence of the Calendula. We selected four groups of patients; two groups shown varicose ulcer (I, II) and two groups shown skin lesions (III and IV). Groups I and III were treated with Calendula and group II and IV were treated with Calendula plus barbadetiman. The data in this study suggest that the treatment with Calendula or Calendula plus barbadetiman are effective in the process that brings wounds to a close. These findings provide basis to an alternative treatment of varicose ulcer.
The use of Calendula officianlis and charmil as topical agent in the treatment of wound has been reported to have early healing without any local and systemic toxicity (Rao et al., 1991 and Rajaraman, 1994). The accelerated would healing has also been observed after the topical application of gelatin grannules (Ramesh Kumar et al., 1991). In this study the effect of topical application of calendula officinalis, charmil and gelatin granules has been evaluated on open wound healing in young buffaloes.
By means of a bioassay-oriented fractionation of the CO2 extract of Calendula flowers, the triterpenoids are shown as the most important anti-inflammatory principles of the drug. Among them, the faradiol monoester appears to be the most relevant principle for the activity of the drug, due to its quantitative prevalence. The unesterified faradiol, not present in the extract, is the most active of the tested compounds and equals indomethacin in activity, whereas the monools psi-taraxasterol, lupeol, taraxasterol, and beta-amyrin are less active than the free diol. The anti-inflammatory activity of different CO2 extracts is proportional to their content of faradiol monoester, which can be taken as a suitable parameter for the quality control of Calendula preparations.
Aqueous extracts of polysacchride-containing plants are widely used in therapy for irritated mucus membranes in the pharynx region. In order to prove the existence of mucilaginous effects of polysaccharide hydrocolloids on epithelia an ex vivo system based on porcine buccal membranes was established. The tissue culture was stable and there was no indication of cytolytic processes during the 5 hour incubation period. This was confirmed through histological studies and the respective LDH values as toxicity marker. The test system was shown to discriminate the adhesive effects of different raw polysaccharides, obtained from a variety of medicinal plants. While polysaccharides from Altheae officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Malva moschata, or Tilia cordata showed only moderate bioadhesion to epithelial tissue, strong adhesive processes were observed with polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Calendula officinalis. The adhesive effects were concentration-dependent. Histological studies of membranes, incubated with a fluorescence-labelled rhamnogalacturonan, indicated the presence of distinct polysaccharide layers on the apical membrane surface. With these results, adsorption effects of certain polysaccharides on mucus membranes were shown for the first time. Such effects suggest that this may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effects of mucilage-containing plants in the treatment of irritated buccal membranes.
Abbreviations
MW:molecular weight
Ara:arabinose
Fuc:fucose
Gal:galactose
Glu:glucose
Rha:rhamnose
Xyl:xylose
LDH:lactate dehydrogenase
FITC:fluorescein isothiocyanate
Plants as beauty aids. National Seminar on the Use of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Skin Care
- S K Nigam
Nigam SK (1994): Plants as beauty aids. National Seminar on the Use of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Skin Care, National Botanical Research Institute, CIMAP, Lucknow India. p.
Health Plants of the World – Atlas of Medicinal Plants
- Francesco B Francesco
Francesco B, Francesco C (1997): Health Plants of the World – Atlas of Medicinal Plants, 1st ed. New York, News Week Books, pp. 158–222.
Indian Medicinal Plants
- Kirtikar Kr
- Basu
Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (2000): Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. III. Lalit Mohan Basu Prakashan, Allahbad, India, pp. 1951– 1952.
The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, A Practical Guide to Over 550 Key Herbs & Their Medicinal Uses
- Chevallier
Chevallier A (1996): The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, A Practical Guide to Over 550 Key Herbs & Their Medicinal Uses, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, U.K., p. 65. Caius JF (1992): The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of India.
New Delhi, Raw Materials, Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR
- Anonymous