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THE
SARAWAK MUSEUM
J
'1o1,
LXIII No, t4
(New
Seri€s) Since 1911
iSSN.
0375-3050
Dec€mber 2007
Bats
of Bako National Park,
Sarawak,
Malaysian
Borneo
By
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan,
Siti Nurlydia Sazali, Jayaraj Vijaya
Kumaran,
Siali Aban, Mohd. Kasyfullah Zaini, Besar Ketol,
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan,
Ahmad Mashur
Julaihi. L.S. Hall and M.T. Abdullah
SARAWAK
@
MUSEI,M
DEPARTMENT
BATS OF BAKO NATIONAL PARK, SARAWAK,
MALAYSIAN BORNEO
b!
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan,
Siti Nurlydia Sazali,
Jayaraj
vijaya rumaran,
Siali
Aban, Mohd. Kasyfullah Zaini,
Besar Ketol,
Jeffrine
Rovie Ryan, Ahmad MashurJuiaihi, r.S. Hall
and M.T. Abdullah
ABSTRACT
wo separate assessments on bats diversity wefe conducted in
Bako
National
Park for 12 trapping-nights.
Our
first
a(sessmenl was condu( lell lrom d to lZ l(brudr) ZUU-\
followed by the secood assessment from 28'h August to
3'd
September
2005. A total ol295 individuals from 22
species ofbats
were captured using
mist-nets and harp
rraps during the suney,
which accumulated to 226 trapping-nights. Hippotidert cemin r was
recorded as the most abundance species with
30.8J%
of total
captures. A total of eight new records ofbats have been added to this
park: Emballonara ma ti,la,
Rhin1laph$ ltxut,
Hippoidens
ater,
Hippotiderot
bialor,
Mloth maicola, Mjoti
atet,
Pipitrellat
undermanni
and Kerir,,oula
pellacida.
'With
tl,ese additional records, there
are now
at ieast
34
species
ofbats
known to
occur
in Bako
National Park. A
complete and long term study coveririg other areas oot included io
this study would definitely increase bats diversity found in this park.
Keywords: Bako National Park, bats, new record, diversity.
INTRODUCTION
There are at least
92
species from eight families
of bats
(Chiroptera)
documented
in Borneo
(Payne
# r/., 1985).
Bats
sufieys
have
been conducted by various researchers
(Davis,
1958; Medway,
nd, 1959, 1917; Li,m, 1965; Lim et a/.,1972; Start, 1972b, 1975;
268
IATS OF BAKO
NATIONA! PARX, SAMI{AK, MAIAYSIAN BOSiIEO
Ftancis, 1989b, 1990,1994;H'all,
1996 Hall et
a|.,2004) and they
'
have improved the
current knowledge of
bats
diversity in
Sarawak.
This was further explored by
Nor
(1p!6,
1997), Yasuma and Andau
(1999)
and Tten et al.
(2002a,
2002b)
who conducted their
studies
in Sabah, whereas Abdullah
et a/,
(1997b)
and Mohd.-Azlan
et al.
(2003)
conducted studies in the Indonesian-Kalimaotan province.
Recently,
several researchers have actively
documented the
distribution of bats
particularly
in
Sarawak
in
order to understand
the species richness and their
diversity
(Abdullah
er al., 1997 a;
Itbdr;llah et al., 2OOOa; Hall
et al., 2002, 2OO4; Abdullah, 2003b;
ltbddlah et al.,2003;
Gurr'al et al,,2004; Kalrim et a|.,2004;
Tten
u a1.,2004; Mohd,-Azlan et al., 2OO5; |\bdullah
et al., 2OO5;
Jayaral
e, al.,2005^, dnd, Ar,w^taIi et a1.,2006). These
studies weie mainly
focused on national
parks
and
State forests where the habitats
are
less disturbed. Subsequently more
new locality records were
added
every year showing
better trapping efforts and improved
batting
techniques. In parallel, this
study has also focused on irnproving
our
understanding on
bat species diversity in
protected
areas
ofSarawak
by extensive
sampling effort at different habitats and incorpotating
proper
batting techniques
(e.9.,
harp traps and mist nets).
This study was designed
ro understand the importance
of
vadous vegetation types
that contributes to bats species
diversity
and their composition
within Bako
National
Park. Data
from
previous
studies
by Stafi
(7972a),
Ftance et a/.
(1984),
Churchill aod
Zborowski
(1985)
and
Hall
(1992)
at Bako
National Park were
compared to
show the species accumulation
or
reduction
during
different sampling occasions. \7e compile
our checklist following
Payne et a/.
(1981)
and
Simmons
(2005)
taxonomic nomenclature.
MATERIALS AND
METHOD
STUDY AREA
This
study was cooducted in Bako
National
Park
which is
Iocated
at Muara Tebas Peninsula
on the north-eastern part
of
Kuching, about
37
kilometres
away from Kuching city. The
main
THE SAM\i/AK MUSEUM
JOURNAL
access ro the
park is
by a 20-minute boat ride through Sungai
Delima. Bako
National
Park, the oldest national
park
of Sarawak,
was
gazetted as a protected area
on
1" May 1957. This park
consists
of seven different
major habitats: heath
forest,
nTangrove
foresr,
mked dipterocarp forest, riverine forest, beach forest,
grassland
and
cliff vegetation, which
provides
diverse ecological niches for high
specics richness and diversity of fauna
(Hazebroek
and Abang
Kashim,2000). Besides these habitats, seasonal swamp forcst are
also found around this park, especially as the intermediate
berwcen
beach
and mixed dipterocarp forest
during
the monsoon
season.
The
main
attraction found
in
this
park includes
the Bornean
endemic
proboscis
monkey
(Nasalis
laruatzr), the endangered flying
lerl;:l:r
(Cynocephalut
aaiegdtat), western taisier
(Tiznits
bancaxu),
silvered langur
(Prc$lth
crhtata) ancl
bcarded
pig
(S$
bdtbattJ),
rvhich
could be observcd near thc park headquarters area.
Such
unique faunr i<
ucll
"upporrcd
b1 direr.e rcgeianon found in rrrrq
park that provides rvide varicties
offood
sources afld niches.
Bako
National
Pajk
(\"42'
ro 1"4.i' N, 1 10'26' ro 110'36' E)
which covers an area of 2'127 hectares
(Fig.
1) is the smallest
national
park
in Satawak
(Hazebroek
and Abang Kashim, 2000).
Survey u'as carried out using 10 standard mist-nets and three four-
bank harp traps during the first trip from
8'h
to 12'h February 2005
tl,at accountcd to
6t
trapping-flights. During the second
trip from
28'6 August to
l'i
Scptembcr 2005, 20 mist-nests and three four-
banL
lTarp traps werc used that accounted to 161 trapping-flighrs.
The total trapping-nights
effort was calculated based on the number
of
mist-nets
and
harp
traps used in both sampling occasions.
Nets
and traps were set up at Ulu Asam Tiail, Delima Tiail, Thnjung
Sapi
Tiail and TLlok Asam area that includes the pathway to the
incinerator, represefltiflg five different habitats including
beach,
heath, mangrove, mired dipterocarp afld
seasonal
swamp forests
of
Bako
National
Park. The sampling sites are marked with white
stars
in Fig. 1.
FAIS{ AII AN\iIAR-{LI KHAN , /
269
THE
SARAWAK
ii'USEUN'
JOUTIN,{I