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Antithamnion amphigeneum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) from the European Atlantic Waters
Abstract
For the first time a subtidal population of Antithamnion amphigeneum A. Millar has been found in the Atlantic (Basque coast, northern Spain). Outside of its area of origin (eastern Australia), only three previous records, all of unfertile material (described as Antithamnion algeriense M. Verlaque er Seridi) and collected in the western Mediterranean Sea, have been reported. Details of the tetrasporangial structures, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of this uncommon species are given.
... The whorl branches have an isodiametric basal cell and bear opposite distichous simple or branched branchlets with only abaxial branchlets near the distal portion. As reported by Secilla et al. (1997), we noticed in our samples that the apical cells are blunt and sometimes provided with a single hyaline hair ( Fig. 2A). The lateral indeterminate branches arise replacing a branchlet and with the suppression of the opposite branchlet (Fig. 2B). ...
Biological invasions are considered one of the main threats for biodiversity. In the last decades, more than 60 macroalgae have been introduced in the Mediterranean Sea, causing serious problems in coastal areas. Nevertheless , the impacts of alien macroalgae in deep subtidal systems have been poorly studied, especially in the coralligenous habitats of the eastern coast of Sicily (Italy). Therefore, within the framework of the programme "Progetto Operativo di Monitoraggio (P.O.M.)" of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the aim of the present study was to gain knowledge on the alien macroalgae present in coralligenous habitats of the Marine Protected Area (MPA) Isole Ciclopi, along the Ionian coast of Sicily. By Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) videos and destructive samples analysed in the laboratory, five alien species were identified: Caulerpa cylindracea, Antithamnion amphigeneum, Asparagopsis armata, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, and Lopho-cladia lallemandii. Since A. amphigeneum was previously reported only in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea, the present report represents the first record of this species in the eastern Mediterranean. The ROV surveys showed that the alien species do not have a high coverage and do not appear to be invasive in the coralligenous area of the MPA. Since ocean temperatures are predicted to increase as climate change continues and alien species are favoured by warming of the Mediterranean Sea, the risk of biotic homogenisation caused by the spread of alien species is realistic. Therefore, further studies are needed to assess the incidence and invasiveness of alien species in phytobenthic assemblages of coralligenous in the MPA.
... The great increase of naval transport and marine economic activities in the Bay of Biscay in the last decades has been responsible for the displacement of many exotic species. Since the 1970s an important number of alien species, specially from Mediterranean, tropical and sub-tropical areas have been recorded in the Basque coast (Ibáñez 1980;Ibáñez and Salo 1975;Ibáñez and Motos 1977;Ibáñez et al. 1986;Casares 1977;Casares et al. 1987;Gorostiaga and Limia 1985;Gorostiaga et al. 1981Gorostiaga et al. , 1988Ceberio et al. 1998;Secilla et al. 1997Secilla et al. , 2007Santolaria et al. 1998;Adarraga 2005a, b, 2006a;Martínez et al. 2002Martínez et al. , 2006b. ...
The occurrence of the non-indigenous species Limnoperna securis belonging to Mytilidae family is recorded for the first time in the Bay of Biscay. Numerous individuals were collected in intertidal and shallow waters in the inner part of Nervión estuary (Bizkaia, Basque Country, SE Bay of Biscay). In the present paper, notes about the history of this small brown mussel invasion, vectors of introduction and dispersal, as well as consequences of invasion are discussed.
... This study also detected the alien species Antithamnion amphigeneum, Scageliopsis patens, Antithamnion nipponicum and Heterosiphonia japonica, recently introduced into Atlantic European waters (Secilla et al., 1997(Secilla et al., , 2007Husa et al., 2004;Rueness et al., 2007), as well as the proliferation of one unidentified exotic species of the genus Herposiphonia. The introduction of species into new ecosystems is a major threat to biodiversity because it may lead to biotic homogenisation, especially in synergy with other anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and coastal pollution (Schaffelke et al., 2006). ...
Rising sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) over the last three decades in the south-eastern part of the Bay of Biscay could be affecting phytobenthic assemblage distributions. This study seeks to assess recent changes in species abundance and diversity along the western Basque coast. For that purpose, eighteen locations studied in summer 1991 were revisited in 2008. Results reveal the following substantial changes in the structure of subtidal vegetation between the two surveys: i) an increase in coralline algae; ii) changes in the distribution patterns of the canopy species; iii) disappearance of kelps, iv) increases in warm-water species, mainly morphologically simple forms; v) introduction and expansion of non-indigenous species; and vi) increases in species richness and diversity. These results are consistent with the rise detected in SST, particularly in summer: summer-time SST was found to have risen by as much as 1ºC from 1980 to 2008. Furthermore, two extreme warming events ocurred in the summers of 2003 and 2006. However, some biological shifts cannot be explained by warmer waters alone. Only limited data are available on changes in nutrient concentrations and water transparency, but these factors are also thought to be involved in the biological changes detected.
... However, the knowledge of Basque seaweeds increased particularly during the 1980's (Angulo, 1980;Ibáñez & al., 1980;Gorostiaga, 1981;Gorostiaga & Limia, 1985; Gorostiaga & al., ,1988Casares, 1988Casares, , 1989Casares & Seoane-Camba, 1988, when the number of known algae reached 270 taxa. Recent contributions have finally leveled the knowledge of the Spanish Basque coast algal flora with nearby areas (Gorostiaga & Santolaria, 1992;Bárbara & al., 1995;Gorostiaga, 1995;Secilla & al., 1997. ...
An annotated check-list of the marine benthic flora of the Spanish Basque coast, based on literature records and original data, is presented. According to the present taxonomy, the known list of algae totals 372 taxa (354 species and 18 infraspecific taxa), distributed as follows: 23 Cyanophyta, 221 Rhodophyta, 74 Heterokontophyta and 54 Chlorophyta. In addition, 16 taxa are considered as taxa inquirenda and 8 as taxa excludenda. For each taxon the vertical distribution, abundance estimation, and two first published records are given. Remarks on the most noteworthy features of the flora of the study area are included. The floristic character of Spanish Basque coast flora was compared with nearby regions applying Cheneys ratio [(Rhodophyta+Chlorophyta)/Phaeophyta, or (R+C)/P]. The resulting high value (4,09) indicates its warm-water character, which was already noted at the end of the XIX century. From a physionomical point of view, Basque benthic vegetation resembles more closely that of southern regions (S Portugal, Morocco). The warming process of waters off the Basque coast during summer up to 22 ºC is responsible for the absence or very rare occurrence of cold temperate species like large fucoids and kelps, which are common in Galicia and Brittany, and explains the abundance of numerous warm-temperate species as ceramiaceous algae.
... However, the knowledge of Basque seaweeds increased particularly during the 1980's (Angulo, 1980;Ibáñez & al., 1980;Gorostiaga, 1981;Gorostiaga & Limia, 1985; Gorostiaga & al., ,1988Casares, 1988Casares, , 1989Casares & Seoane-Camba, 1988, when the number of known algae reached 270 taxa. Recent contributions have finally leveled the knowledge of the Spanish Basque coast algal flora with nearby areas (Gorostiaga & Santolaria, 1992;Bárbara & al., 1995;Gorostiaga, 1995;Secilla & al., 1997. ...
An annotated check-list of the marine benthic flora of the Spanish Basque coast, based on literature records and original data, is presented. According to the present taxonomy, the known list of algae totals 372 taxa (354 species and 18 infraspecific taxa), distributed as follows: 23 Cyanophyta, 221 Rhodophyta, 74 Heterokontophyta and 54 Chlorophyta. In addition, 16 taxa are considered as taxa inquirenda and 8 as taxa excludenda. For each taxon the vertical distribution, abundance estimation, and two first published records are given. Remarks on the most noteworthy features of the flora of the study area are included. The floristic character of Spanish Basque coast flora was compared with nearby regions applying Cheney’s ratio [(Rhodophyta+ Chlorophyta)/Phaeophyta, or (R+C)/P]. The resulting high value (4,09) indicates its warm-water character, which was already noted at the end of the XIX century. From a physionomical point of view, Basque benthic vegetation resembles more closely that of southern regions (S Portugal, Morocco). The warming process of waters off the Basque coast during summer up to 22 ºC is responsible for the absence or very rare occurrence of cold temperate species like large fucoids and kelps, which are common in Galicia and Brittany, and explains the abundance of numerous warm-temperate species as ceramiaceous algae.
Se presenta un catálogo de la flora bentónica marina de la costa vasco-española basado en citas bibliográficas y algunos datos originales. De acuerdo con la taxonomía actual, la lista de algas conocidas asciende a 372 táxones (354 especies y 18 táxones infraespecíficos), que se distribuyen como sigue: 23 Cyanophyta, 221 Rhodophyta, 74 Heterokontophyta y 54 Chlorophyta. Además, 16 táxones se consideran como taxa inquirenda y 8 como taxa excludenda. Para cada taxon se ofrece información sobre su distribución vertical, una estima de su abundancia y las dos primeras citas publicadas. Se incluyen comentarios sobre las características más destacables de la flora del área de estudio. Se compara el carácter florístico de la flora de la costa vasco-española con respecto a las regiones próximas aplicando el índice de Cheney [(Rhodophyta+Chlorophyta)/Phaeophyta, o (R+C)/P]. El elevado valor resultante (4,09) indica su carácter meridional, lo que ha sido señalado desde finales del siglo XIX. Desde un punto de vista fisionómico la vegetación bentónica vasca se asemeja más a la de regiones meridionales (sur de Portugal, Marruecos). El calentamiento de las aguas de la costa vasca hasta 22 ºC durante el verano es responsable de la falta o rareza de especies templado-frías como las fucáceas y laminariales, comunes en Galicia y Bretaña, y explica la abundancia de numerosas especies templado-cálidas como las ceramiáceas.
Scageliopsis patens, previously known from southern Australia and reported for the North Atlantic at the Azores Islands, is recorded for the first time along the European coast. This new alien species was collected in the subtidal and lower intertidal zones at seven Atlantic locations of the Iberian Peninsula, within the warm Atlantic Iberian area (Cantabrian Sea and south of Portugal). A comparison is made with the two other species of the genus Scageliopsis as well as morphologically similar Antithamnionella species in order to differentiate it from similar ceramiacean species
Seven species of marine algae in the Antithamnieae, (Antithamnion lherminieri, Antithamnion decipiens) and Dohrnielleae sensu Athanasiadis (Callithamniella tingitana, Dohrniella antillara, Antithamnionella breviramosa, Antithamnionella graeffei, and a new species, Antithamnionella bermudica) are reported from the Bermuda islands for the first time. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems with certain of these species collected in deep water are discussed. Antithamnionella bermudica sp. nov. has a prostrate, mat-forming habit and a unique branching pattern of whorl-branches for the genus. Its recurved, secund whorl-branches are more reminiscent of certain species of Antithamnion, Perikladosporon, and Pterothamnion, but gland cell ontogeny and position show the new species to be best placed in Antithamnionella.
A new species of Antithamnion from Algeria, is described: A. algeriensis. It differs from the closely related species of Antithamnion (distichous whorl-branchlets, opposite and abaxial branchlets and gland cells) by the branching pattern of the axis, the arrangement of whorl-branchlets as well as the frequency, and the location and shape of the gland cells.
Sublittoral communities of macroalgae from the Abra d e Bilbao and its surrounding area, which are affected by pollution, were studied in 1984 and 1992. Statistical cluster analysis applied to a network of 230 quadrats distributed along 7 transects resulted in 4 structural levels of community, depending on the pollution gradient. These levels are defined by algal cover, vertical layering and the predominant morphology of the species forming the communlty. Sedimentation, turbidity and water toxicity are the principal destabilizing factors among the phytobenthic communities Species with simple morphology, mainly ceramiaceous algae (Ceramium diaphanum, Calllthamnion neglecturn, Antithamnionella spirographidis. Pterotharnnion plumula, Anotrichium furcellaturn, Compsothamnion thuyoides), sciaphilous (Mesophyllum lichenoides, Zanardjnia prototypus, Rhodymenia coespitosella, Drachiella minuta, Erythroglossum laciniatum, Hypoglossurn hypoglossoides) and those resistant to sedimentation (Pterosiphonia pennata and Champia parvula) are the most widely found species in severely polluted settings. Species such as Gelidium sesquipedale, Heterosiphonia plumosa, Callible-phans ciliata. Halopitys incurvus, Djctyopterjs polypodioides and Halurus equisetifolius are species typically found at the reference site and are good indicators of unchanged environments. Pterosipho-nia complanata, abundant at the reference site, took the place of G. sesquipedale in those sites farthest from the source of pollut~on Ord~nation and classification analyses detected changes in flora after 8 yr, pointing toward a recuperating process. The improvement consisted of an increase in algal cover along with a decrease in ceramiaceous algae and a greater complexity in communlty stratification. This recovery was directly related to a decrease in industrial activity and closure of the mineral washeries, as well as the establishment of urban wastewater-treatment plants for various municipalities.
Catálogo del macrofitobentos del Mediterráneo de Marruecos. Se ha realizado un estudio del macrofitobentos en el litoral mediterráneo de Marruecos. Como resultado del mismo se han catalogado 335 taxa, de los que 140 son novedades corológicas para la zona. De ellos, 203 corresponden a las Rhodophyceae, 62 a las Phaeophyceae, 66 a las Chlorophyceae y 4 a las Liliopsida. El RIF de 3,27 da un valor muy similar al 3,29 del litoral mediterráneo español.
We present an annotated checklist of the benthic marine and brackish algae of the Galician coasts (Spain) based on literature records and new collections. This checklist includes 618 species: 118 Cyanophyta, 296 Rhodophyta, 127 Ochrophyta, and 77 Chlorophyta. The number of specific, infraspecific taxa, and stages is 643: 121 Cyanophyta, 309 Rhodophyta, 135 Ochrophyta, and 79 Chlorophyta. Hyella caespitosa var. nitida, Calothrix fasciculata, Gracilariopsis longissima, Compsonema minutum, and Sphacelaria tribuloides are new records for Galicia, and there are also some new provincial records. We state the presence of each species for Lugo (Lu), A Coruña (Co), and Pontevedra (Po) provinces. The number of species found in Galicia is high, since 85% of the species recorded for the warm-temperate NE Atlantic Ocean grow in Galicia. Biogeographical comments comparing the Galician data with the neighboring areas of Britain and Ireland, Basque coast, Portugal, southern Iberian Peninsula, Canary Islands and Atlantic coast of Morocco are given. Finally, we present lists of cold-temperate, warm-temperate, Lusitanic Province endemics, and alien species growing in Galicia.
Se presenta una lista comentada de las especies de algas bentónicas marinas y salobres de la costa de Galicia (España) basada en citas bibliográficas y nuevos datos de los autores. La lista contiene 618 especies: 118 Cyanophyta, 296 Rhodophyta, 127 Ochrophyta y 77 Chlorophyta. El número de taxa específicos e infraespecíficos asciende a 643: 121 Cyanophyta, 309 Rhodophyta, 135 Ochrophyta y 79 Chlorophyta. Hyella caespitosa var. nitida, Calothrix fasciculata, Gracilariopsis longissima, Compsonema minutum y Sphacelaria tribuloides son nuevas citas para Galicia, y algunas nuevas citas provinciales. Para cada especie se especifica su presencia en las provincias de Lugo (Lu), A Coruña (Co) y Pontevedra (Po). El número de especies encontradas en Galicia es elevado, ya que se conocen el 85% de las especies de la región atlántico noreste templado-cálida. Se aportan comentarios biogeográficos comparados de Galicia y de las áreas vecinas: Gran Bretaña, Irlanda, costa Vasca, Portugal, sur de la Península Ibérica, Islas Canarias y costa atlántica de Marruecos. Se presentan listas de las especies templado-frías, templado- cálidas, endémicas de la provincia Lusitana y alóctonas que crecen en Galicia.
Antithamnion densum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta), previously known in the North Atlantic from three sites in NW France, is reported from the subtidal of a wave-exposed site at Clare I., Co. Mayo, Ireland, where it grows epiphytically on various macroalgae. The finding of the Trailliella-phase of the adventive red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera at Clare I. in 1911, shortly after it had been discovered on the south coast of England, indicates the potential for the transport of introduced species to the west coast of Ireland. -from Authors
Antithamnioid algae have been treated as a natural assemblage for more than a century, being classified in a single genus (Schmitz 1889) or tribe (Hommersand 1963) and more recently divided into two groups, viz. the tribes Antithamnieae and Heterothamnieae (Wollaston 1968). Application of phylogenetic methods based on parsimony and outgroup comparison indicates that the antithamnioids probably represent a paraphyletic assemblage within the subfamily Ceramioideae. They are classified here in the following monophyletic groups: 1) Pterothamnieae trib. nov. (including only Pterothamnion Nageli), 2) Scagelieae trib. nov. (including only Scagelia Wollaston). 3) Dohrnielleae Feldmann-Mazoyer (comprising Acrothamniopsis gen. nov., Antithamnionella Lyle, Trithamnion Wollaston, Callithamniella Feldmann-Mazoyer, and Dohrniella Funk), 4) Antithamnieae Hommersand (comprising Acrothamnion J. Agardh, Antithamnion Nageli, Hollenbergia Wollaston, Macrothamnion J. Agardh, and Perikladosporon gen. nov.), 5) Perithamnieae trib. nov. (comprising Perithamnion J. Agardh and Scageliopsis Wollaston), 6) Ceramieae Schmitz et Hauptfleisch (comprising the genera of the former Ceramieae sensu Kylin 1956 and Hommersand 1963, and also Amoenothamnion Wollaston and Leptoklonion gen. nov.), 7) Heterothamnieae Wollaston (comprising Heterothamnion J. Agardh and Tetrathamnion Wollaston), and 8) Crouanieae Schmitz et Hauptfleisch (comprising the genera of the former Crouanieae sensu Wollaston 1968, 1972c, and 1977b, and also Crouaniella gen. nov.). The subfamily Ceramioideae accommodates taxa with the following characters: a) thallus differentiated into axial filaments of unlimited growth and lateral filaments of limited growth and (whorl-branches) with open or condensed organization, b) thallus regeneration occurring by the production of adventitious axial filaments from whorl-branch cells, c) development of transverse ramification, with whorls of 4 branches of limited growth and progressively either reduced (to 3, 2 or 1) or increased to reach 20 (or more) branches with condensed organization in advanced members, d) development of procarps on basal cells of normal-sized whorl-branches which progressively reduce in length to become 3-, 2-, or 1-celled, c) development of gland cells that touch firmly the mother cell, and f) development of gland cells from branch and branchlet cells. Modification or reduction of some of these features has occurred secondarily in members of the subfamily, which apparently also accommodates the tribes Spyridieae, Griffithsieae, Sphondylothamnieae, and Wrangelieae. This delimitation of the Ceramioideae suggests that even members of the highly specialized families Rhodomelaceae and Dasyaceae belong to this assemblage. The genus Balliella (Delesseriopseae), previously included in the Antithamnieae, lacks the above characters but nevertheless develops gland cells (distally connected to the mother cell), which is one of the reasons that Balliella is here selected as the potential sister-taxon of the Ceramioideae. The study of Balliella cladoderma shows that gland cells originate from axial cells and are later transferred to periaxial cells following the lateral division of the mother (axial) cell. A similar development of procarp evolution is postulated for the Ceramiales, since axial procarps are also demonstrated for the first time in the genus Balliella and in some species of the tribes Pterothamnieae, Scagelieae, and Perithamnieae. Pterothamnieae is the most primitive ceramioid tribe widely distributed in warm and cold temperate regions and is apparently monogeneric, although there is support for placing certain eastern Pacific species in a monophyletic group, which is recognized at subgeneric level, viz., Platythamnion (J. Agardh) stat. nov. Apomorphies of this subgenus, which receives Pterothamnion latiramosum sp. nov. from California, are the tristichous-tetrastichous ramification of major whorl-branches and the heteromorphic transverse ramification; the latter feature appears as a homoplasy in certain North Pacific and North Atlantic species of the subgenus Pterothamnion sect. Pterothamnion, two other species from South Australia and South Africa, in which procarps develop on basal cells of normal-sized whorl-branches and new axes are borne subdichotomously above the whorl-branching. A previously congeneric species from South Australia is transferred to Leptoklonion elongatum (Wollaston) gen. et comb. nov., on the basis of the following features; development of procarps on basal cells of 2-celled whorl-branches, new axes replacing whorl-branches, and sessile tetrasporangia restricted to periaxial cells. Phylogenetically, Amoenothamnion and Leptoklonion share a recent common ancestor with the Ceramieae and are provisionally included in this tribe. Former species of Perithamnion are transferred to Tetrathamnion, which now includes at least 4 species, of which Tetrathamnion myurum (Suhr) comb. nov. from Peru represents the first record of the genus outside Australia. Tetrathamnion is the only genus which is maintained in the former Heterothamnieae, the type genus of which receives Heterothamnion platythaliae sp. nov. from Western Australia. Heterothamnion is clearly distinguished having an endophytic base in species of Fucaceae, but its thallus organization shows considerable variation including species with opposite or transverse development of whorl-branches and transverse or oblique apical divisions. Spermatangial mother cells form branched filaments, borne either along the entire length of whorl-branches or restricted to inner branch cells. Sporangial initials develop by elliptical lateral divisions. Two former species of Antithamnionella are transferred to the new genus Crouaniella, viz. Crouaniella latiaxis (Abbott) comb. nov. from the Caribbean and Crouaniella mcnabbi (Dawson) comb. nov. from the tropics of Pacific America. The genus exhibits 3 whorl-branches per axial cell, independently borne new axes (as a 4th lateral in a whorl of 3 branches), subdichotomously ramified whorl-branches with the divisions starting from the periaxial cell, rhizoidal outgrowths developed from axial cells of the erect frond, and spherical or oblongate tetrasporangia with tetrahedral cleavages borne independently on the bifurcations of whorl-branches. Phylogenetically, Crouaniella belongs to the Crouanieae and its biogeography reflects the geological history of the Panamanian Isthmus. Studies of several species previously referred to Antithamnion support the following transfers: Dasyptilon ptilota (J. D. Hooker et Harvey) comb. nov. from Crozet Islands, Dasyptilon microptilum (Grunow) comb. nov. from St. Paul Island, Grallatoria tanakae (Itono) comb. nov. from Sakurajima (S. Japan), Gymnothamnion nigrescens (J. Agardh) comb. nov. from Port Phillip (Victoria), and Gymnothamnion pteroton (Bornet) comb. nov. from Tangier.
The marine benthic red algae of the Coffs Harbour region are described and illustrated in detail. The survey constitutes the first ever detailed descriptive and illustrative mainland regional monograph of any area along the entire eastern Australian seaboard. Collections made intertidally and to depths of 20 m have included 119 species in 74 genera, 26 families, and 8 orders of Rhodophyta, of which 54 (45%) were previously unrecorded from eastern Australia, 22 (18%) are new records for the whole of Australia (16 being new Southern Hemisphere records), 1 (Dictyothumnion) constitutes a new genus, and 16 (13%) are new species in the genera Gracilaria, Curdiea, Botryocladia, Dictyothamnion, Antithamnion, Ceramium, Callithumnion, Anotrichium, Nitophyllum, Phycodrys, Apoglossum, Dasya, Fernandosiphonia, and Herposiphonia. Also included are major Australian revisions of the genera Martensia and Nitophyllum, and six new combinations are proposed (Chondria infestans, Curdiea angustata, Dasya pilosa, Haraldiophyllum sinuosum, Myriogramme pulchellum, and Stenograrnme phyllophoroides). The Coffs Harbour flora, although related to the north-eastern and, to a lesser degree, southern Australian floras, has a number of species previously known only from much more remote localities, such as Japan (6 species), California (4 species), New Zealand (3 species), India (2 species), South America (2 species), the Galapagos Islands (1 species), China (1 species), South Africa (1 species), and the Mediterranean (1 species). Twelve of the 22 species newly recorded for Australia show a definite western Pacific distribution, a region with which the overall Coffs Harbour flora has strong affinities.
Seaweeds of the British Isles
- C A Maggs
- M H Hommersand
Maggs, C. A. and M. H. Hommersand. 1993. Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1 Rhodophyta Part 3A Ceram-iales. H. M. S. O., London 444 pp.