Article

ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF SEED EXTRACTS OF CASSIA FISTULA LINN

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Abstract

This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal potential of seeds of Cassia fistula Linn. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. In the present study, the microbial activity of chloroform extracts of seeds of Cassia fistula Linn. (An ethno medicinal plant) were evaluated for potential antimicrobial activity against medically important bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts (5, 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/mL) of Cassia fistula were tested against two gram positive-S. aureus, S. pyogenes, two gram negative-E. coli, P. aeruginosa human pathogenic bacteria and three fungal strains-A. niger, A. clavatus, C. albicans respectively. Crude extracts of Cassia fistula exhibited moderate to strong activity against most of the bacteria and fungi tested. Zones of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of different standards like Ampicilline, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol for antibacterial activity and Nystain and Greseofulvin for antifungal activity. The extracts showed antibacterial and antifungal activities comparable with that of standard against the organisms tested. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The phytochemical analyses of the plants were carried out. The microbial activity of the Cassia fistula was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence these plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceutical research activities.

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... The antibacterial potency of Cassia fistula chloroform seed withdrawal was examined against two gram-positive S. aureus, S. pyogens, and two gram-negative bacteria named P. aeruginosa, and E. coli . 34 Yadava reported that by using agar disc diffusion method and determine the zone of inhibition. Crude extract showed antibacterial activity against various strains. ...
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Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most important bacteria that cause nosocomial infection and are resistant to antibiotics. Crude proteins from Cassia fistula and Ricinus communis were isolated to study their medicinal potential against Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Extraction of the crude proteins from plants was done by phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and Tris NaCl buffer by using the roots and seeds of both plants. Antimicrobial activity was checked against bacterial strains by using agar disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. Zones of inhibitions were measured. On well diffusion method, PBS buffer protein extract of C. fistula roots showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 25 mm against B. cereus. Tris NaCl buffer extracts of C. fistula roots and seeds showed zones of inhibition of 12mm and 5mm respectively against S. aureus while Ricinus communis roots showed a zone of 12mm against B. cereus. Because the protein of the plants showed good antimicrobial activity, we can use these plants against various diseases caused by Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
... Alkaloids and flavonoids are considered most potential phytochemicals for fungal growth inhibition. All these compounds have found to have therapeutic and antimicrobial properties and have been proven in past researches [13][14][15][16][17]. In many studies, phytochemicals in the leaves of Cassia fistula were found highly active against Aspergillus terreus [18] and for Rhizopus stolonifer, Pencillium digitatum, Pencillium notatum and Aspergillus niger [19]. ...
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Because of the widespread and uncontrolled use of traditional fungicides, many plant pathogens have become resistant to them, making it more challenging to control most fungal plant diseases with these fungicides. Since the dawn of time, phytochemicals have contributed significantly to human welfare without causing any harm. Therefore, PFT method with different leaf extracts of Cassia fistula (Aqueous, methanol and acetone) and their three concentrations (250µl, 500µl and 1000µl per 15 ml of PDA) was used against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cercospora bataticola, causing fruit rot and leaf spot of beet respectively. Results of this study showed that maximum inhibition (76.8%) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was found with1000µl concentration of methanolic extract of Cassia fistula leaves 3 DAI while maximum inhibition of Cercospora bataticola (68.7%) was found with the same concentration of acetone extract of Cassia fistula leaves 3 DAI. Considerable growth inhibition (68.7%) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and 50.5% of Cercospora bataticola were found with 1000µl concentration of methanolic and acetonic extracts of Cassia fistula leaves respectively 5 DAI. Acetonic extract of Cassia fistula leaves with 1000µl Original Research Article Yadav et al.; IJPSS, 34(22): 441-454, 2022; Article no.IJPSS.90288 442 concentration was also found as a good antifungal for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides which inhibited 64.8% and 54.6% 3 and 5 DAI respectively. However, there was no considerable growth inhibition of both fungal plant pathogens with aqueous extract. The results of present study revealed that methanolic and acetonic leaf extracts of Cassia fistula can be used for fungal plant disease management with further extensive studies.
... When comparing tested bacteria, S. aureus was highly susceptible bacterial strain, while E. coli was less sensitive and P. aeruginosa was totally resistant bacterial strains. The difference in efficacy of these different extracts might be due to the distribution of the active ingredient in plant parts, potency of extracting solvent and inherent resistance of the tested bacteria species (Nayan et al., 2011). The present phyotochemical study of M. stenopetala are similar to those plant extracts that have been reported by possessing strong antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. ...
... In the present study the Cassia fistula bark against acetone extract showed excellent zone of inhibition for tested bacteria. The microbial activity of the Cassia fistula was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites (Nayan, 2011).Table No. 2 shows that a number of secondary metabolites are present in acetone extract as carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, Inulin, protein, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins which are responsible for their microbial activity. In recent years there has been a resurgence of scientific interest in the use of medicinal plants for the development of new phannacotherapeutic agents against different species of microorganisms including the resistance organisms (Hatano, 1999 and Palombo, 2002). ...
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Cassia fistula belongs to family leguminosae. It is a medium sized tree and its different parts are used in Ayurvedic medicine as well as in home remedies for common ailments. The plant is easily available in Haridwar region. The phytoconstituents of a same plant vary from region to region. In the present study bark of Cassia fistula is used. The material was collected (in Haridwar region, India), dried in shade; powdered and extracted successively with different solvents in an increasing order of polarity. Phytochemical investigation was performed using different identification tests. The different extracts were also screened for antimicrobial activity. For which both Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strain were selected. Antimicrobial test was performed by agar well diffusion method. All the tests were performed in a triplicate. The different phytoconstituents present in the bark extract are responsible for such an appreciable activity against selected pathogens.
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