Consider of Micro-Current's effect to variation of Facial Wrinkle trend, Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Abstract

Beauty is one of the important today's people concerns; the facial wrinkles are including problems of beauty. Today, new non-invasive treatments such as using micro currents in treatment of wrinkles and skin renewal have been used. This study is aimed to determine the effect of Micro-Current in the treatment of facial wrinkles. in this before and after clinical trial, thirty women with three requirements; 1.having less than 45 years of age 2.wrinkles and 3.no skin problems have participated. The cases were treated with micro current for twenty minutes on their face areas, for thirty consecutive sessions. Photos were taken from patients faces at the beginning, end and one month after treatment. Three independent blinded reviewers have rated wrinkles in photos. Also patients have evaluated their treatment. The best results belonged to forehead 18.37% in first step (before and after treatment) and 21.18% in second step (after treatment and one month later) and the lowest rate in treatment belonged to nose and mouth region; 7.61% in first step and 5.85% in second step . Micro current, recovers facial wrinkles, this recovery was better in the frontal area comparing the nose and mouth. Also comparing the scores of photos, immediately after treatment and one month later shows that not only the effect of treatment has been stable but also the started recovery procedure has been continued after treatment. Treatment satisfaction among patients was over 70%.

Full text

Life Science Journal 2012;9(3) http://www.lifesciencesite.com
1184
Consider of Micro-Current's effect to variation of Facial Wrinkle trend, Randomized Clinical Trial
Study.
Fatemeh Saniee 1, Hamid Reza Ghafarian Shirazi 2, 3, Khosroo Khademi Kalantari4, Parviz Yazdanpanah5,
Asghar Reza Soltani6, Nader Dabiri7, Nazanin Ghafarian Shirazi4, Farzad Karimpour1.
1- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. Yasuj, I.R. Iran
2- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, I.R.Iran
3- School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
4- MA. Yerevan State Linguistic after V. Brusov, Yerevan, Armenia.
Gshr3@yahoo.com
Abstract: Beauty is one of the important today’s people concerns; the facial wrinkles are including
problems of beauty. Today, new non-invasive treatments such as using micro currents in treatment of
wrinkles and skin renewal have been used. This study is aimed to determine the effect of Micro-Current in
the treatment of facial wrinkles. in this before and after clinical trial, thirty women with three requirements;
1.having less than 45 years of age 2.wrinkles and 3.no skin problems have participated. The cases were
treated with micro current for twenty minutes on their face areas, for thirty consecutive sessions. Photos
were taken from patients faces at the beginning, end and one month after treatment. Three independent
blinded reviewers have rated wrinkles in photos. Also patients have evaluated their treatment. The best
results belonged to forehead 18.37% in first step (before and after treatment) and 21.18% in second step
( after treatment and one month later) and the lowest rate in treatment belonged to nose and mouth region;
7.61% in first step and 5.85% in second step . Micro current, recovers facial wrinkles, this recovery was
better in the frontal area comparing the nose and mouth. Also comparing the scores of photos, immediately
after treatment and one month later shows that not only the effect of treatment has been stable but also the
started recovery procedure has been continued after treatment. Treatment satisfaction among patients was
over 70%.
[Saniee F. Ghafarian Shirazi H.R. . Khademi Kalantari K. Yazdanpanah P. Soltani A.R. Dabiri N.
Ghafarian Shirazi N, Karinpour F. Consider of Micro-Current's effect to variation of Facial Wrinkle
trend. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):1184-1189]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 166
Keywords: skin, beauty, Facial, Wrinkle, Micro-Current
1. Introduction
Beauty is one of most common concerns
among human, especially women. Facial
wrinkles are one of beauty problems which is
produced due to aging or some other factors such
as stress, improper diet, smoking, sun damage,
fat culmination, and harmful inflammation, and
is accelerated due to some other factors including
gravity, broking of Collagen and Elastin
constitutive materials caused by sunshine, air
pollution, smoking, and not to exercise, and
signs of aging begin to appear. Passing time, the
thin epidermis and connect tissue become weak ,
facial muscular firmness diminishes, epidermis
begin to loose and dropping, natural fold change
to cheek , neck , and chin unnatural fat, small
vessels tights and blood circulation decreases
and lead to decrease of facial brightness (1,2).
There are many therapeutic methods to
remove and reduce facial wrinkles and for
rejuvenation which can be divided into three
group of invasive, semi-invasive, and non –
invasive methods.
The invasive methods such as facelift treatment or
the cosmetic surgery are intended to remove facial
wrinkles. These methods require hospitalization, and
besides being expensive and having long recovery
period and may cause side effects.
Among semi -invasive methods ,there is use of
laser to skin exfoliation , which requires special care
after treatment and long recovery period, it also cause
respective problems , costs , and side effects(3).
Injection of botulunim toxin also known as Botox
is another semi invasive method to remove facial
wrinkles. The method may have many dangers
associated with misuse, but under supervision of
practitioner and use of healthy Botox the side effects
reduce. Also the treatment effects are not long
standing.
Non-invasive methods include preservative
creams, booster creams, and anti wrinkles creams.
These are contain of, antioxidant, preservatives, or
booster ingredients such as vitamin A, hydroxy acid,
α-lipoic acid, Q-10 coenzyme, cu peptides, growth
factors, So y Isoflavones, Tea extract, vitamin C,

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vitamin E, or collagen. However the
effectiveness of the creams has not been proved
yet.
In recent years, the use of micro current has
been proposed which enjoys many advantages
including: being non –invasive, inexpensive,
and having no side effects. It is also argued to be
effective in removing facial wrinkles, skin
dropping and reducing facial surface spots. It
also has been proved that micro currents are very
effective in improving of malunion or nonunion
bone fractures and curing of resistant ulcers and
bed sore .This occurs due to activation of
collation system in skin layers. Collagen is a
group of naturally occurring proteins found in
animals. They are made from fishia strings,
making up about 40% of the whole-body protein
content. Collagen protects brain nerve system
and provides good tensile strength .It also leads
to sore recovery through a complex process.
During maturation and ulcer recovery, collagen
is arranged in line with tensile lines and the
unneeded cells are removed by fagositosis,
thereby the ulcer recovers (10). Micro current is
an electric current delivered at a rate of 1
microampere which equals 1 millionth of an
ampere .They are harmless and have recovery
effects on damaged tissues and enjoy capacity of
toxic trapping. They made blood circulation
faster and lead to stimulation of collagen
production. Several studies have proven benefits
of micro currents for recovery of persistent and
chronic ulcers (12).Micro currents are at low
level and patient feel comfortable.
Stimulator current above 20 mille ampere,
stimulate and contract the muscles leading to
strength and firmness of damaged muscles.
Common electrodes such as TENS and EMS are
reliable and nonallergic. These currents can be
used as interferential with sine and square waves ,
and are more effective because they allow a
deeper and softer penetration (13).Currents'
effect lead to increase of the amount of ATP in
cells (14) , increase of cell protein duplication
and DNA transcription (15) , horn cell growth
and duplication , increase of blood flow,
exchange of oxygen , ions , antioxidants , and
nutrients among epidermal , subcutaneous and
fat layers , and subcutaneous and lymph
capillaries .This lead to release of energy in
tissues and stop decreasing elasticity and protein
degradation which had been caused by intake of
free radicals and to increases collagen I ,II
production. (17) By contracting the old and
unhealthy collagens, these changes lead to
firmness and toning of facial skin.
It seems that the ability of micro currents in
resurfacing of thin layer of skin, filling wrinkles and
lifting dropping skin is related to stimulation of cells
growth and tissues revivals. (18). This study aims to
determine the effect of micro current on removing
and reducing patient's facial folds and wrinkles.
2. Material and Methods
In this before and after clinical trial, every
volunteer participated in the research after being
informed about the trial and it was conducted in
second half of 2010. Sampling was as available goal
– oriented sample with volume of 15
subjects .Regarding to a similar study (21-19),
limitation of the research, and because of some
consideration like possible fail due to time period,
and respective problems, 30 women were participate
in the research. At the first, at the end and one month
after treatment, in the same conditions, photos were
taken from areas of right /left eye pro files, forehead
front, nasolabial, and eyes feet views. The photos
were taken using Canon 5D camera with lens 24105
macro while the participant was sitting in a free mode
relying on her head back on chair. The treatment
process was as follows: first the person washed her
face with soap and water, and then lied on bed and
every half of her face was treated for 10 minutes.
Facial areas going under treatment include
forehead around eyes, nasolabial area, cheeks and
chin. The treatment method is as follow: a positive
electrode is fixed and the negative one is sliding.
These movements are repeated five times for each
point. These electrodes are thin with a tip covered
with cotton that are wetted with water to be
conductive. For every case, treatment proceeds for 30
consecutive sessions except for vacations, Thursdays
and Fridays .The used apparatus A6 is made in China
with CE license from England and Europe and
United states. The current used in the study are
square micro pulse between 70-80 Hertz with
amperage range of 0-640 microampere. At the end of
the treatment, the consent assessment form about
treatment effectiveness, health care center quality
staff services and treatment environment was filled
by the patients. The questionnaire was prepared using
standard form (25) and enjoyed acceptable validity
and reliability. At the end of the plan all photos were
numbered and each photo was graded between 0-10
by two dermatologists and one plastic surgery
specialist b y size numbers and depth of folds. The
referee was blind on which one is before or after
photo and about the related person. The assessment
method enjoys acceptable validity and reliability (26).
Inclusion Criteria: being below 45 years old,
having facial wrinkles, being free of skin problems
diagnosed by dermatologist.

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Exclusions Criteria: If any case of
complication happens the patient is referred to
the practitioner and then leaves out the study.
During the study patient should avoid anti-
wrinkle cream or any other wrinkle therapy.
Data analysis: To describe data central and
dispersion indices and for data analysis the
paired student's t- test were used. To assess the
improvement rate or treatment effectiveness on
each stage and area we used ratio of difference of
before/after wrinkles scores to before score on that
stage and area.
Ethics consideration: The aim of the study was
explained for the volunteers and they were informed.
The micro current is in common use in physiotherapy
and their harmlessness has been confirmed. The
unanimous photos were coded and evaluated by the
referees. The confidentiality of collected information
was observed and patients feel comfortable and didn't
incur any expenditure.
Table 1: Compare Wricle Scores of Patients faces area In the first stage( Before and after treatment) and
second stage( After treatment and one month later) of trteatment.
P
Value
The recovery
rate
After
mean±SD
Before
mean±SD
Number
Stage of
Treatment
Face Area
Row
0.0001
18.37%
1.55± 3.20
1.80± 3.92
25
Stage 1
Forehead
1
0
.0001
21.18%
1.68± 2.53
1.59± 3.21
19
Stage 2
2
0.0001
18.09%
1.49± 3.08
1.56± 3.76
25
Stage 1
Half the right
eye
3
0.0001
10.29%
1.32± 2.79
1.58± 3.11
19
Stage 2
4
0.001
13.48%
1.54± 3.08
1.58± 3.56
25
Stage 1
Half the left eye
5
0.028
7.31%
1.46± 2
.79
1.67± 3.01
19
Stage 2
6
0.032
7.61%
1.38± 3.40
1.41± 3.68
25
Stage 1
Mouth and nose
7
0.104
5.85%
1.40± 3.22
1.43± 3.42
19
Stage 2
8
0.001
11.11%
1.69± 3.52
1.77± 3.96
25
Stage 1
The eyes front
the face
9
0.055
8.42%
1.64± 3.37
1.70± 3.68
19
Stag
e 2
10
0.0001
7.12%
1.69± 3.52
1.77± 3.79
25
Stage 1
Face area
(Totally)
11
0.021
5.86%
1.64± 3.37
1.70± 3.58
19
Stage 2
12
Table 2: Patients satisfaction of their treatment results and treatment center factors
very
satisfaction %
Not very
satisfact
ion %
Mean±SD
Discution
Row
63
37
3.95±1.05
Your satisfaction about decreasing the depth
of wrinkles
1
50
50
3.60
±1.04
Your satisfaction about reduce the length of
wrinkles
2
56
44
3.85±0.74
Your satisfaction about diminish wrinkles
away
3
63
37
3.90±0
.91
Your satisfaction about loss of skin spot
4
48
52
3.45±1.36
Your satisfaction about skin tightness
5
69
31
3.95±0.83
Your satisfaction about lighting skin
6
43
57
3.35±0.87
Your satisfaction, about loss of acne and
acne scars on the skin
7
4
0
60
3.35
±0.87
Your satisfaction about the loss of scar
8
54
46
3.95±0.82
Your satisfaction about closing the pores on
your face
9
89
11
4.30
±0.73
Your satisfaction about soften of your skin
10
79
21
4.2±0.76
Your satisfaction about Fluoresce of your
skin
11
41
59
3.35±0.74
Your satisfaction about rejuvenating
12

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2 1
After treatment Before treatment
3
One month later.
Figure 1: Wrinkles, a patient before treatment - after treatment and one month later.
Before treatment after treatment
Figure 2: Significant improvement in treatment acne and infectious acne
Before treatment After treatment
Figure 3: significant improvement in scaring

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3. Results
This study aims to investigate the effects of
micro currents on removing facial wrinkles and
was conducted as a before /after trial study. This
study consists of 30 women residing in Yasuj and
suburbs which last 7 months beginning from 23th
Oct 2010.Due to length of the study, 25 women
completed the therapy period and despite of our
follow up, only 19 women referred for
photography, one month after treatment. Age mean
and standard deviation of patients were 37/5
_+4/6(25-45). Evaluation of wrinkles of forehead
areas, right/left eyes' profiles, eyes front and
nasolabial area and face as a whole, indicated the
significance of the study. The forehead area show
the greatest improvement(%18/37) in the first
stage (before treatment and after completion of the
study) and %21/18 in the second stage (after
treatment one month later).The nasolabial area
constituted 7/61 percent of improvement
(minimum improvement) in the first stage and 5/85
percent in the second stage(table 1).
Also 70% of patients were satisfied with their
treatment results (table 2).
4. Discussions
In this study, the effect of micro currents on
removing and reduction of facial wrinkles after 30
treatment sessions was significant .The
improvement rate was greatest in the forehead area
and was the least in nasolabial area .This was
perhaps due to possibility of more effective use of
the apparatus in the forehead area than the other
areas .On the other hand, the tissue texture of
forehead has more improvement capability. On the
forehead after one month improvement continues
significantly. In the right eye and left eye of the
profile and eyes of the face both of them t
treatment’s affect is significant, But, the second
stage is less effective. Overall, the treatment effect
was significant in both stages.
Also, comparing scores after treatment and
one month later shows that not only effect of
treatment was sustained but also recovery in the
face of the subjects started and has continued.
An important finding in this study was
improvement of scars, acnes (especially infectious
acnes) and skin rashes in the face of subjects.
Limitation: Regarding problems and
limitation of the study and its being novelty in Iran,
there was no chance to compare the results with
studies of domestic ones. The therapy period (30
sessions) and length of every session (equal 40
minutes with preparation of the patient) caused the
slow progress of the research execution.
1-Regarding cultural bound photography of
the intended areas b y a professional photographer
was not possible, so the photos were taken by the
researcher.
Acknowledgment: The study was extracted
from M.A physiotherapy thesis results with
collaboration and support of Yasouj University of
medical science and international branch of Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Science.
We appreciate: Members of the Council on
Medical Ethics, members of Council, faculty
advisors, officials, experts also experts of
collaborating universities, who helped us in
conducting this research. Especially, Dr Stuart
Titus, that helped us in collection of academic
texts and also, patients who were intolerant of
treatment.
Conflict of interest: The authors, certify that
there is no actual or potential conflict of interest in
relation to this article.
Corresponding Author:
Hamid Reza Ghafarian Shirazi
Social Determinants of Health Research Centre
Yasouj University of Medical Sciences,
Yasouj, I.R. Iran
E-mail: gshr3@yahoo.com
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