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HPTLC estimation of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium and Chlorzoxazone in Tablet dosage form
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A simple, rapid, reliable and accurate HPTLC method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium and Chlorzoxazone in tablets. The drugs were extracted from (CIP-ZOX). Various aliquots of this sample solution were spotted automatically by means of Camag (Muttenz; Switzerland) Linomat V sample applicator on Merck HPTLC plates (0.2mm thickness) precoated with silica gel 60 F 254 on aluminium sheet as stationary phase prewashed with methanol using Chloroform: Methanol: Ammonia (20:5:0.2v/v/v) as mobile phase. The spots were scanned at =254nm using Camag TLC scanner 3. The R f values of Paracetamol, Diclofenac Sodium and Chlorzoxazone were found to be 0.53, 0.27, and 0.68 respectively. Calibration curves were linear in range of 1000-5000ng per spot. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for Paracetamol, Diclofenac sodium and Chlorzoxazone were found to be 100, 100, 500 and 300, 300, 1500ng per spot respectively. The suitability of this method for quantitative determination of compounds was proved by validation in accordance with requirements of pharmaceutical regulatory standards. The proposed method is valid, simple, sensitive and accurate. Therefore this method can be applied for routine analysis of these drugs in tablet formulation.
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... The three drugs (Figure 1) are official in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 3 . Literature review revealed that the three cited components were simultaneously determined in ternary mixture by HPLC, HPTLC [24][25][26][27][28][29] , and by simultaneous equation methods [30][31] . To our knowledge, chemometric techniques for simultaneous determination of these drugs have not been reported. ...
... Other methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of DIC in binary combination with PAR or CHZ that include spectrophotometry [23][24][25], densitometry [26], voltammetry [27], and HPLC-UV [28,29]. Some methods were reported for the simultaneous determination of ternary combination of the three drugs based on densitometry [30,31] and HPLC-UV [32,33]. ...
Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and validate simple, accurate, and precise spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium (DIC), paracetamol (PAR), and chlorzoxazone (CHZ) in ternary mixture using chemometric and artificial neural networks (ANN) techniques.Methods: Three chemometric techniques include classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least squares (PLS) in addition to cascade-forward backpropagation ANN (CFBP-ANN) were prepared using the synthetic mixtures containing the three drugs in methanol. In CLS, PCR, and PLS, the absorbances of the synthetic mixtures in the range 267-295 nm with the intervals Δλ=0.2 nm in their zero-order spectra were selected. Then, calibration or regression was obtained using the absorbance data matrix and concentration data matrix for the prediction of the unknown concentrations of DIC, PAR, and CHZ in their mixtures. In CFBP-ANN, two layers, sigmoid layer with 10 neurons and linear layer were found appropriate for the simultaneous determination of the three drugs in their ternary mixture.Results: The four proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of the three drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and tablets with good percentage recoveries in the range of 98-102%. Relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <1%.Conclusion: The four proposed methods showed simplicity, accuracy, precision, and rapidity making them suitable for quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs in ternary mixtures and pharmaceutical formulation containing them.
Objective of The Study: To determine the effect of myofascial therapy and pelvic relaxation exercise combined with phonophoresis using Diclofenac sodium gel in subjects with myofascial pelvic pain syndrome (MPPS). Background of The Study: Myofascial pain syndrome is a disease that is characterized by hypersensitive point called trigger points found in one or more muscles and connective tissue. Myofascial Pelvic Pain Syndrome (MPPS) is a source of chronic pelvic pain in women. This pain can be continuous or episodic. This study is designed to compare the effects of interventions namely myofascial therapy and pelvic relaxation exercise combined with phonophoresis using Diclofenac sodium in subjects with MPPS. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted among 20 subjects at Faculty of Physiotherapy, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute. Study duration was 4 weeks. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling method. The subjects were selected based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria.Outcome measures included were visual analogue scale (VAS), Pelvic pain impact questionnaire (PPIQ), SF-36 questionnaire. Procedure: 20 female subjects with myofascial pelvic pain syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n=10) subjects were treated with myofascial therapy. Group B (n=10) subjects were treated with pelvic relaxation exercise. Treatments for both the groups were given for 3 days in a week for 4 weeks. Results: On comparing the pre and post values within experimental group, it shows statistically significant improvement on visual analogue scale score (P ≤ 0.05) andPPI questionnaire score (P ≤ 0.05) and also in pre and post test values of experimental groups, it reveals significant difference on short form survey – 36 score (P ≤ 0.05)
Painful muco-skeletal joint disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis are typically treated with a combination of paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and chlorzoxazone. Paracetamol and diclofenac sodium are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while chlorzoxazone is a muscle relaxant. It acts on the central nervous system and the spinal cord to reduce muscle stiffness and spasms as well as increase muscle mobility. The most commonly used pharmaceutical medicine is paracetamol, which comes in a variety of dosage forms such as injection, tablet, capsule, drops, elixirs, suspensions, and suppositories. However, due to toxicity, it may cause mortality in large dosages with extended intake. As a result, more efficient analytical approaches aimed at providing quality control of routinely used medications are required. Numerous analytical methods, both spectroscopic and chromatographic such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography have been established to estimate paracetamol diclofenac sodium and chlorzoxazone in their single-component dosage form. The simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and chlorzoxazone in combined dosage forms has been performed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography techniques. In contrast, there are very few techniques available to estimate paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and chlorzoxazone in combination pharmaceutical dose form till date. This article is an attempt to jut out all the methods developed to estimate the above-mentioned drugs in the single or multi-component dosage form.
An isocratic HPLC method has been developed and validated for estimating paracetamol and diclofenac sodium simultaneously with three skeletal muscle relaxants, namely, methocarbamol, tizanidine hydrochloride and chlorzoxazone in their pure standard mixtures and in different multi-component dosage forms in a single chromatographic run. HPLC separation was achieved on a C18 Inertsil ODS-3V 5 μm column (250 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase mixture containing acetonitrile and 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 adjusted with NaOH) in the proportion of (39.7:60.3, v/v) pumped at 1.2 mL/min flow rate with UV detection at 220 nm. An experimental design was used by applying Plackett-Burman design for screening the most critical predictors affecting the chromatographic separation and Box-Behnken design for optimizing the selected predictors and creating the response surface between the selected predictors and the interested responses. ICH recommendations were applied for validating the proposed method with regard to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, limits of detection and quantitation, and robustness. There are many applications for the optimized method that can be applied for routine estimation of the cited drugs in laboratories of quality control and pharmaceutical industries to save money and time and to reduce material waste and effort.
Two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium could be determined spectrofluorimetrically in their pure forms and different dosage forms using acriflavine reagent. It was found that the quenching of acriflavine fluorescence is going linearly with increasing the concentration over the ranges of 1.0-10.0 μg/mL for both ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium. The proposed method was studied to attain the optimum conditions with maximum sensitivity and precision without harming the environment. A proposal for the reaction mechanism was postulated depending on ion-association complex formation between acriflavine and each of the studied drugs in 1:1 ratio. International council of harmonization (ICH) guidelines were followed to validate the method. The lowest amount that could be detected by the proposed method is 0.28 and 0.48 μg/mL for both ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium, respectively. It was found that no significant difference between the proposed and comparison methods as indicated from the calculated statistical values.
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