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Australian Fisheries Resources
Abstract
“Australian Fisheries Resources” is the most comprehensive reference on the marine and freshwater species taken in commercial and recreational fisheries in Australian waters. It was produced by the Bureau of Resource Sciences, Department of Primary Industries and Energy, Australia, more than 350 contributors from all parts of Australia helped put the information together and peer review it.
Chapter 1: The book begins with an overview of Australia’s fisheries resources, industries, products, markets, management and research.
Chapter 2: Australia’s fisheries resources rely on many diverse habitats for their feeding, breeding, movements and growth. The habitat that sustains these resources ranges from deep oceans to coral reefs, shallow coastal waters, and rivers and lakes.
Chapter 3: Fish are harvested in Australian waters with a wide range of gear, including hook and line, nets and traps.
Chapter 4: The catch must be processed, bearing in mind both fish quality and marketing.
Chapter 5: More than 140 species are taken in quantities greater than 100 tonnes or valued at more than A$1 million. Their distribution, breeding, growth, feeding, harvesting and management are all important aspects of their sustainability as resources. This chapter provides technically accurate details where they are known, and also describes the gaps in our knowledge.
Chapter 6: Species that are taken in quantities less than 100 tonnes or valued at less than A$1 million are described in this chapter.
Glossary and summary table: Explanations of technical terms and a quick reference guide to all of the species are provided in the final chapter.
... This species is widely distributed in temperate latitudes of the southern hemisphere (Edgar 2008), including southern Australia. Barracouta was an historically important fishery species in Tasmania, with a large commercial troll fishery operating in the 1960s and 1970s when catches ranged between 600 and 1600 t per year (Kailola et al. 1993). Market demand for barracouta is assumed to have declined substantially in the mid-1970s, such that current catches are considered unlikely to reflect biomass. ...
... Barracouta is a moderately productive species, which matures at a young age (Hurst et al. 2012), is highly fecund (Yemane et al. 2008) but grows to a large size (Edgar 2008) and lives longer than 10 years (Hurst et al. 2012). Targeted effort for Barracouta declined substantially from the mid-1970s onwards, in concert with putatively reduced market demand (Kailola et al. 1993). This means that impacts on stock structure and recruitment dynamics during the time period assessed here are presumably minor relative to historic impacts (prior to 1995/96). ...
... Eastern Australian Salmon constitute a single well-mixed stock in southeast Australian waters, traveling great distances among states (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania) (Stewart et al. 2011). Juveniles (4 -6 cm fork length) appear in shallow Tasmanian waters between January and September (Kailola et al. 1993). The Tasmanian Scalefish Fishery predominantly catches subadults. ...
... Barramundi is a broadcast spawner and lay pelagic eggs (Garrett, 1987;Kailola et al., 1993). The eggs and larvae tolerate a restricted range of salinity and temperature than the adults (Blaber et al., 2008). ...
... moluccensis) is near threatened due to low fecundity (Graham & Daley, 2011). The true gummy shark, Mustelus antarcticus, is a southern species restricted in range southwards of Newcastle, New South Wales, located approximately 2600 km south of the Cairns region (Kailola et al., 1993). Gummy shark fisheries in southern Australia have historically been reported as sustainable (Walker, 1998) based solely on biomass of M. antarcticus (Petrolo et al., 2021). ...
Flake and shark samples were purchased from outlets in several coastal Australian regions and genetically barcoded using the CO1 gene to investigate labelling reliability and species‐specific sources of ambiguously labelled fillets. Of the 41 shark fillet samples obtained, 23 yielded high‐quality CO1 sequences of sharks, out of which 57% (n=13) were labelled ambiguously (misleading) and 35% (n=8) incorrectly. In contrast, barramundi fillets, which are widely available and sought‐after in Australian markets, were shown to be accurately labelled. Species identified from shark samples, including the shortfin mako (n=3) and the scalloped hammerhead (n=1), are assessed by the IUCN as Endangered and Critically Endangered, respectively, with several others classified as Vulnerable and Near Threatened. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Electrophoretic studies on western king prawns have demonstrated genetic differences among populations sampled in WA, the Gulf of Carpentaria and South Australia (Richardson 1982). This species generally only forms high level stocks in areas associated with the hypersaline waters of marine embayments (Kailola et al. 1993), which are likely to be largely independent of each other in terms of dynamics. The populations of western king prawns in Shark Bay and Exmouth Gulf thus function as independent, self-sustaining stocks, with distinct adult and juvenile habitats and independent variations in recruitment and abundance. ...
... For example, it is protandrous in eastern Australia (Stanger, 1974;Russell, 1988;McPherson, 1997), but gonochoristic in India (Patnaik, 1967(Patnaik, , 1970Gopalakrishnan, 1972) and apparently also in Singapore (Chao et al., 1994). Moreover, E. tetradactylum attains far greater total lengths in Indian waters, i.e. 1800-2000 mm (Gopalakrishnan, 1972;Krishhnamurthy & Jeyaseelan, 1981;Feltes, 1999) than in Australian waters, i.e. ca 1000 mm (Kailola, 1993). ...
Report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture.
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède 1800) of Tamil Nadu, India waters is a data deficient fishery. Except for time series data on landings, no other information on its stock status is available. The present study reconstructed its catch and effort data from 2001 to 2020. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel fishery was estimated using Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA) software based on the catch and effort data from Tamil Nadu, India waters. MSY was computed by CEDA software using an initial proportion (IP) value of 0.4, and the result of MSY from Fox models with normal, log-normal, and gamma error assumptions was 6,035 metric tonnes (MT), 6,371 MT, and 7,110 MT, respectively. The output of normal and log-normal error assumptions was 8,792 MT and 7,195 MT in Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models. The Schaefer-normal model was selected as the best-fitted model based on the high R² result, the strong trends in a residual plot, and other management quantities. The MSY of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel fishery calculated using the Schaefer-normal model was almost equal to the average annual catch (8,229 MT) and greater than the most recent catch (6,927 MT). Data analysis using three surplus production models revealed that the stock was fully exploited and the fishery was overcapitalized. Based on the biological reference points and stock biomass projection, the present study recommends a 30% reduction of current fishing efforts to ensure sustainable fishery of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel in Tamil Nadu waters.
Larval dispersal and connectivity have important implications for fisheries management , especially for species with life cycles influenced by ocean boundary currents. Giant Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) and Blue Swimmer Crab (Portunus armatus) are two estuarine portunid crabs (Family: Portunidae) that support significant commercial and recreational harvest in eastern Australia. Giant Mud Crab migrate to coastal waters to spawn, and while Blue Swimmer Crab spawn primarily within estuaries they occasionally migrate to coastal waters to spawn, followed by larval dispersal in the East Australian Current (EAC). Here, we coupled a high-resolution oceanographic model with a Lagrangian particle tracking framework to simulate larval dispersal and determine the extent of population connectivity in this region. Our simulations indicate broad-scale connectivity (~40-400 km), characterised by high inter-estuary connec-tivity. Overall, our results suggest a north-to-south source-sink structure for both species, with contributions of particles from the north ranging from 51% to 99%. Recruitment to a given estuary is dependent on the proximity of mesoscale oceanographic features of the EAC. Most notably, the EAC separation acts as a barrier to recruitment between spawning and settlement to the north/south of this region. This significantly limits interjurisdictional connectivity for these species, especially Blue Swimmer Crab, likely due to a shorter pelagic larval duration than Giant Mud Crab. Our results provide evidence to inform the assessment and management of these species.
The effects of climate change on the distribution and biology of fisheries species have received substantial attention, but quantitative assessments of changes to taste and aroma determining compounds remain limited—despite sensory quality being a key driver of demand for most harvested species. Utilising the economically important blue swimmer crab ( Portunus armatus ), we tested the effects of temperature and salinity treatments aligned with near-future climate change projections on volatile and non-volatile sensory compounds that determine seafood flavour. Volatile compounds were analysed using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and non-volatiles were identified using liquid chromatography (mass spectrometry analysis). Multivariate analyses revealed that temperature, but not salinity, significantly affected the compositions of both volatile and non-volatile compounds in crab meat following a 30-day exposure period. Univariate analyses highlighted significant reductions in amino acids and amines associated with bitter and sweet organoleptic properties following exposure to elevated temperature. These results imply the potential for climate change to alter taste and aroma determining compounds in seafood, which could affect future harvesting priorities. Assessments of seafood sensory quality under climate change can produce valuable information to help predict shifts in fishing effort for harvested species that form the basis of important global fisheries.
In response to widescale, voluntary uptake of escape gaps by commercial trappers using collapsible netted cylindrical (or “round”) traps targeting blue swimmer crabs, Portunus armatus, in south‐eastern Australia, an observer‐based study was used to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the most common escape gaps across two estuaries responsible for >70% of all harvest. Five observers collected data from 5710 deployments of round traps over 116 days. Among 60% of round traps with escape gaps, 73% were rectangular shaped, and the rest were either circular or square. Catches were dominated by P. armatus (93%), but ~60% were undersized (<65‐mm carapace length; CL). Compared with round traps with no escape gaps, traps with a rectangular design consistently retained fewer undersized P. armatus (by up to 54%); similar to earlier, manipulative experiments. However, unlike previous observations, escape‐gap performance did not significantly improve with increasing catches of P. armatus. Eventual 100% adoption of escape gaps should enable large numbers of undersized P. armatus to escape traps and avoid discarding each year in south‐eastern Australia.
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