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Pupils also use language to live: a defence of a linguistic approach to language study for the classroom
... Subsequent translanguaging studies also advocate transforming language-based inequalities in society more broadly (e.g., Creese & Blackledge, 2015). Meanwhile, translanguaging builds on and expands the notion of languaging, which emphasises our innate ability to use language dynamically to make sense of, and interact with, the world (Doughty, 1972). Translanguaging adds another dimension to languaging, that is, challenging existing political and ethical issues. ...
The research field of English as a lingua franca (ELF) is concerned with global communication among English users, in which English is most often a part, not the whole, of their communicative repertoires. The notion of English as multilingua franca (EMF) repositions English within multilingualism to foreground multilingual situations, influences, and practices inherent in global encounters (Jenkins, 2015). This paper attempts to further the theoretical development of EMF in light of the theories du jour in applied linguistics, namely the ‘trans-’ theories of translanguaging and transmodal, transcultural communication. A review and integration of literature on these areas makes clear more similarities than differences between EMF and ‘trans-’ theories, which together highlight the limited role of any named language, mode, or culture in both online and offline interactions at a global scale. It is hoped that beyond any ideologically fixed construct, future research in the ELF field explores how English users collaboratively (or uncollaboratively) take advantage of wider multilingual, multimodal, and multicultural resources while engaging in translingual, transmodal, and transcultural practices.
... Translanguaging is defined as "the fluid and dynamic practices [and theories] that transcend the boundaries between named languages, language varieties, and language and other semiotic systems" (Li, 2018, p. 9). Having its roots in bilingual education research (Williams, 1994) and developing itself around educational and social issues (e.g., Creese & Blackledge, 2015), translanguaging connects with the more traditional term languaging i.e., the dynamic use of language to make sense of the world (e.g., Doughty, 1972). Compared to code-switching, whose research has a longer tradition (e.g., Gumperz, 1964), translanguaging deemphasises the explicit awareness of the different codes involved in interaction and emphasises their permeability for interaction. ...
This paper addresses the nuanced distinctions between multi-, inter-, and trans- terms in relation to the research field of ELF. The terms to be discussed in this paper are multilingualism, multilanguaging, multicultural, multimodality, intercultural communication, interculturality, translanguaging, transcultural communication, and transmodality.
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