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The effect of humic acids on the availability of phosphorus fertilizers in alkaline soils

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Abstract

The effect of humic acids on transformation of phosphorus fertilizer was studied in an alkaline soil. Soil P was fractionated following 4 and 15 days incubation after humic acids were applied with phosphorus fertilizer to the soil. The availability of phosphate in the soil and total phosphorus in plants were determined at earing stage and at maturity in a pot experiment, and wheat yield was examined in a field trial. Addition of humic acids to soil with P fertilizer significantly increased the amount of water soluble phosphate, strongly retarded the formation of occluded phosphate and increased P uptake and yield by 25%.

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... It is additionally thought that the addition of a humic substance to soil-solubilized P from phosphorites gradually increased the soil's phosphorus availability (X. J. Wang et al., 1995). The addition of humic acids and P fertilizer to soil substantially increased the amount of water-soluble phosphate and significantly delayed the formation of inaccessible forms (X. ...
... The addition of humic acids and P fertilizer to soil substantially increased the amount of water-soluble phosphate and significantly delayed the formation of inaccessible forms (X. J. Wang et al., 1995). Sagar et al., (2023) noticed that an increase in humic substance levels led to an increase in total P content, which was aided by the application of P fertilizers and humic substances. ...
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Chelation of Zn with humic acid could enhance plant growth by doubling the influence of both humic acid substances. This study examined the effects of zinc-chelated humic acid on maize seedling's growth and nutrient concentrations in soil and plants in a 30-day pot experiment. Chelated zinc with humic acid was applied through two different methods: foliar and soil. Zn-HA was applied through soil application at the time of sowing @ of 10 and 20 kg ha-1 , whereas 0.2% zinc chelated humic acid, sole humic acid and zinc sulfate were applied through foliar application method after the interval of fourteen and twenty one days. A completely randomized design (CRD) distributed treatments with three replications. Studies showed that increasing levels of zinc-chelated humic acid in the soil were associated with improved plant height, fresh weight, air-dry weight, and oven-dry weight. The highest results for plant fresh weight (5.19 g), plant air-dry weight (0.56 g), and plant oven-dry weight (0.35 g) were found in the treatment with Zn-HA at 20 kg ha-1. The soil application of Zn-HA led to increased plant phosphorus (P) levels (0.21%), as well as higher soil total zinc (5.45 mg kg-1) and soil total potassium (K) (81.2 mg kg-1) when compared to both foliar application and the control group. The foliar application resulted in increased plant zinc (Zn) at 0.0084% and potassium (K) at 0.85% as compared to soil application. Applying Zn-HA @20 kg ha-1 via soil application is recommended for achieving maximum plant weight and height, and nutrient availability.
... However, a decrease in Mollisols could occur because organic products in these types of soils reduce P absorption in competition with phosphorus adhering to the surface of humic acid, which behaves as a chelating agent, such as ethylenediamine, o-Hydroxyphenylecetic (EDDHA) [38,40]. These results agree with those of Wang et al. [41], who reported that the accumulation of HA in soil with P fertilizer significantly increases the amount of water-soluble phosphate, steadily retarding the foundation of occluded phosphate and improving P uptake and yield. However, Cimrin and Yilmaz [42] observed that the application of humic acid did not increase the P content a lettuce plant. ...
... The increase of the K content among the soils could be because FAs release the fixed K and make it available for plants. Moreover, FAs may expand the clayey soil and release K [41]. These results are in line with those of Imbufe et al. [43] , who observed that the application of humic acid and K fertilizer significantly increased the K content with 100 ppm of humic acid and 300 kg/ha K fertilizer. ...
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Fulvic acids (FAs) improve the structure and fertility of soils with varying textures and also play a crucial role in increasing crop production. The pot experiment was carried out using wheat grown on three soils with a silty clay, sandy loam, and clay loam texture, respectively. The soils were treated with FAs derived from plant and mineral materials. Plant-derived solid (PSFA), mineral-derived liquid (NLFA), and plant-derived liquid (PLFA) were applied at a rate of 2.5, 5, and 5 g kg −1 and control applied at 0 g kg −1. The results showed that in treated soils, the heavy fraction C was higher by 10%-60%, and the light fraction C increased by 30%-60%. Similarly, the available N content significantly increased in treated soils by 30%-70% and the available K content increased by 20%-45%, while P content significantly increased by 80%-90% in Aridisols and Vertisols and decreased by 60%-70% in Mollisols. In contrast, for P, the organic-inorganic compounds were greater in Aridisols and Vertisols and lower in Mollisols. However, organic-inorganic composites decreased in Vertisols relative to the other two soils. Further results showed that PSFA and NLFA accelerated the plant growth parameters in Mollisols and Aridisols, respectively. Our study demonstrates that the application of PSFA and NLFA had a positive effect on the physical and chemical properties and plant growth characteristics of Mollisol and Vertisol soils. Moreover, the application of solid-state FA yields better results in Mollisols. However, liquid FA increases the nutrient availability and the effects on the chemical, biological, and physical properties of Aridisol and Vertisol soils.
... Under sandy soil conditions, peanuts may need P, K and micronutrient fertilizers to improve pod production and quality (Ali and Mowafy, 2003). Wang et al. (1995) reported that the addition of humic acids to the soil with P fertilizer increased significantly the amount of water soluble phosphate and strongly retarded the formation of occluded phosphate and increased P uptake by 25%. Application of 10 kg humic acid ha -1 as potassium humate along with 75 per cent of the recommended dose of N fertilizer found to increase the crude protein content and mineral nutrition (P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of amaranthus (Bama and Selvakumari, 2001). ...
... Also, the relative increases of Fe, Mn and Zn uptake in peanut straw were followed order: T7 > T6 > T5> T3 > T4 > T2 in both seasons respectively compared with control (T1) for Fe, Mn and Zn uptake in straw. These results are agreement by Wang et al. (1995) From the present study, it could be concluded that peanut plant grown on sandy soil should receive either two sprays of 250 and 500 ppm ascorbic acid solution at 25 and 50 days from sowing along with the addition of 500 kg fed -1 gypsum in combination with humic acid for raising the yield quantity and quality of peanut. *** *** ns ** *** *** ns ns ns ns ns ns LSD. 5% ...
... The impact of biostimulants and recycled fertilizers on soil P availability, P fertilizer availability, and soil P turnover One main result regarding BS application to the soil is the higher CAL-P content in the case of the application of humic acids while other BSs did not influence the CAL-P content. Previous studies underlined this result by achieving a higher P availability when humic acids are applied together with fertilizers (Wang et al., 1995;Du et al., 2013). Humic acids can directly act against P adsorption onto minerals to the soil by competing with P for binding sites, by the dissolution of bound P, and by the inhibition of P precipitation (Du et al., 2013;Perassi and Borgnino, 2014;Gerke, 2021). ...
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Introduction Phosphorus recovery from waste streams is a global concern due to open nutrient cycles. However, the reliability and efficiency of recycled P fertilizers are often low. Biostimulants (BS), as a potential enhancer of P availability in soil, could help to overcome current barriers using recycled P fertilizers. For this, a deeper understanding of the influence of BSs on soil P turnover and the interaction of BSs with plants is needed. Methods We conducted an incubation and a pot trial with maize in which we testednon-microbial (humic acids and plant extracts) and microbial BSs (microbial consortia) in combination with two recycled fertilizers for their impact on soil P turnover, plant available P, and plant growth. Results and discussion BSs could not stimulate P turnover processes (phosphatase activity, microbial biomass P) and had a minor impact on calcium acetate-lactate extractable P (CAL-P) in the incubation trial. Even though stimulation of microbial P turnover by the microbial consortium and humic acids in combination with the sewage sludge ash could be identified in the plant trial with maize, this was not reflected in the plant performance and soil P turnover processes. Concerning the recycled P fertilizers, the CAL-P content in soil was not a reliable predictor of plant performance with both products resulting in competitive plant growth and P uptake. While this study questions the reliability of BSs, it also highlights the necessity toimprove our understanding and distinguish the mechanisms of P mobilization in soil and the stimulation of plant P acquisition to optimize future usage.
... Humic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids, are crucial in promoting plant growth and improving nutrient absorption, a phenomenon that has been extensively documented over the years (Pujola et al., 1992;Aleshin et al., 1994;Wang et al., 1995;Adani et al., 1998;Turkmen et al., 2005;Sensoy et al., 2013b;Demir et al., 2015;Ekincialp et al., 2016;Tahir et al., 2022). One of the key mechanisms through which humic acids (HA) exert their beneficial effects is their ability to chelate heavy metals, thereby mitigating their uptake by plants. ...
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Biostimulants play a pivotal role in sustainable vegetable production by enhancing yield, quality, and stress tolerance. These substances, which include humic acids, amino acids, seaweed extracts, and beneficial microorganisms, improve plant growth and resilience against biotic and abiotic stressors. Sustainable vegetable farming practices aim to reduce environmental impacts while ensuring food security, and biostimulants align well with these objectives. They enhance nutrient uptake, promote soil health, and support integrated pest management, ultimately leading to increased productivity. This chapter discusses the mechanisms through which biostimulants exert their effects, including increased photosynthetic activity and improved antioxidant enzyme activity. Future research should explore optimal combinations of biostimulants for specific crops, particularly under stress conditions. Additionally, integrating microalgae with traditional fertilizers has shown promise in boosting vegetable productivity while reducing chemical inputs. The application of biostimulants is essential in addressing the challenges posed by climate change and resource depletion, making them crucial for the future of sustainable agriculture. Ultimately, advancing the understanding of biostimulants will contribute to more resilient, productive, and environmentally friendly vegetable production systems.
... During later stages of incubation period, highest significant availability of phosphate was reflected by EHA at flowering (48.8%) as well as harvesting (43.4%) stage in comparing with control justified the effects of root exudates on microbial activity and nutrient availability in rhizosphere soil (Norton et al., 2009) raised the level of phosphate in mustard soil (Wang et al., 1995). CHA showed significant highest availability of phosphate upto flowering stage justified the findings of Tuba arjemend et al. (2015), but counteract the results framed by Jones et al. (2007). ...
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The influence of organic matter visa -vis humic acids on availability of nutrient status and its impact on cultivation of rice (Variety MTU 1010) followed by mustard (Variety B-9), were studied in Typic Fluvaquent soil under Old Alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. Important physical and chemical properties of the soil texture sandy clay loam, bulk density 1.34 Mg m-3 , oxidizable organic carbon 1.16 g 100 g-1 , pH 6.34, total nitrogen 0.14 g 100 g-1 , available phosphorus 25.90 kg ha-1 , available potash 127.40 kg ha-1 , available sulphate 39.56 kg ha-1 , respectively. The C:N ratio of the added FYM, Commercial and FYM extracted humic acid were 32.11, 32.61 and 13.53, respectively. Soils received recommended doses of fertilizers for cultivation of paddy (N:P2O5:K2O :: 60:30:30) followed by mustard (N:P2O5:K2O :: 80:40:40) along with FYM at 5.0 and 2.5 t ha-1 , Commercial humic acid at 0.5, 0.25 kg ha-1 and FYM extracted humic acid at 0.5 and 0.25 kg ha-1 , respectively as per treatment combinations. The experiment was undertaken by following the Randomized Block Design (RBD). Rhizosphere soil (0-15 cm) and plant samples were collected periodically and analysed for C/N ratio, available phosphate, potash and sulphur in soil and total P, K and S in plant with their integral effect on crop growth. At panicle initiation and branching stages of paddy and mustard, highest content of available phosphate, potash and sulphur was recorded and which gradually decrease towards harvesting stage. FYM extracted humic acid resulted highest availability of phosphate, potash and sulphur whereas Commercial humic acid enhanced the content of potash in soil, which signified uptake of phosphorus, potash and sulphur within plants resulted qualitative enrichment through biometric parameters and yield of paddy and mustard. ARTICLE INFO
... Similar results to the results of our study were detected by other researchers. Wang et al. [23] reported that when humic acid was applied to the soil together with P, P fixation was inhibited, and available P concentration was increased and also product yield increased together with the increased uptake of P by plant. Moreno et al. [5] reported that OM in soil formed compounds with Ca in soil and thus increased available P in soil, which increased plant nutrient content. ...
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This research was a one-year study to investigate how increasing rates of humic acid affect the nutrient elements [Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu)] of olive trees (Olea europaea) of 14 years old found in a private cultivation land located in Bozköy of Geyikli, Çanakkale (Latitude 35 S 431667, Longitude 4409876) in 2018. The humic acid used was a suspension of 15% humic and fulvic acid, which was a commercial product (Blackjak SC, pH 4-6). Different concentrations of humic acid [0 (control), 50, 100, 200, 400 mL tree-1] were applied directly to soil of 20-30 cm depth under canopy projection of trees after dissolving in 10 L of water in April. A randomized block design with four replicates and five doses was adopted on 20 trees. 200 leaf samples were taken in December from annual shoot tips as reciprocal leaf couples and nutrient element analyses were carried out. The macronutrient elements N and P significantly increased upon all humic acid applications. However, the changes in the elements K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn were insignificant in all applications. Humic acid at all concentrations decreased copper in leaves. As a result, addition to routine farmer fertilization, humic acid application at the rate of 50 ml tree-1 was determined to be the sufficient dose for olive trees. Moreover, this mentioned dose is considered to be the most economical dose besides being the most suitable one.
... Plant nutrients like P are complexed by HA's chelating process, increasing their availability to plants. According to Wang et al. (1995), adding HA to fertilizer applications increased the amount of water-soluble P in the soil, which might boost plant uptake of P. Sharma et al. (2013) found that HA application improves soil microbial phosphatase activity, which in turn promotes soil P solubilization. HA also reduces the sorption of soil phosphate ions while boosting their desorption, which raises the concentration of P in the soil solution (Zhu et al., 2018). ...
... Özetle bitki besin maddelerinin ve hümik asit birlikte uygulanmasının tohumun çimlenmesini, bitki kuru ağırlığını, bitkinin besin elementleri içeriğini, bitki besin elementlerinin alımlarını artırdığı, verim öğeleri üzerine olumlu etki yaptığı ve buna bağlı olarak da tane veriminin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir (Wang, 1995;Sözüdoğru ve ark., 1996;Valdrighi ve ark., 1996;Adani ve ark., 1998;Erdal ve ark., 2000). ...
... However, this process may likely be impaired under stressful conditions. To date, the impacts of increased in ambient temperature on soil P availability is still uncertain in tropical alkaline soils, which are inherently deficient in available P due to high P-sorption (Wang, Wang, and Li 1995). Additionally, increased in evapo-transpiration and high temperature condition may aggravate for P deficiency due to depleted soil moisture regimes (Garg, Burman, and Kathju 2004). ...
Article
Evaluating the impacts of high temperature-mediated changes in soil-plant systems is crucial in sustaining the productivity of heat-sensitive crops like chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Currently, the impact of a high temperature environment on soil processes and crop nutrition, particularly phosphorus (P), remains uncertain in tropical alkaline soils. Therefore, an open-top chamber-based experiment with ambient temperature [a(Temp)] and elevated temperature [e(Temp)] (+2 °C over ambient) aimed to investigate the impacts of high temperature environment on plant physiology, soil-plant P dynamics, and yield of chickpea in a moderately-alkaline Vertisol of sub-tropical climate. The e(Temp) reduced Olsen-P (available-P) and NaHCO3-Pi at the flowering stage by 12% and 32%, respectively, as compared to a(Temp) treatment. The e(Temp) treatment markedly reduced KMnO4-oxidizable carbon (-25% to 42%), but did not alter water-soluble carbon. Alkaline phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were reduced under the e(Temp) treatment, while acid phosphatase activity remained unchanged. The elevated temperature had a significant impact on chlorophyll-b content (+18%), stomatal conductance (+5%), transpiration rate (+8%), and photosynthetic rate (-22%). The e(Temp) treatment did not alter total P uptake rather altered its distribution in grain (-16%) and stover (+17%) parts, resulting in a lower internal P use efficiency (-12%) and P harvest index (+15%). The e(Temp) treatment caused 12% yield loss compared to a(Temp) treatment. Therefore, this is concluded that retardation in P-mineralization along with terminal heat stress could impair P nutrition, physiological activity, and yield of chickpea.
... Such technique minimizes the risk of over-fertilization and consequent P runoff (Gebbers and Adamchuk, 2010;Young et al., 2021). (5) Application of humic acid (HA), a natural organic matter found in soil, to increase P uptake efficiency by plants (Wang et al., 1995;Yang et al., 2019). This, in turn, reduces the excessive need for P fertilization. ...
... Interestingly, improvements in phosphorus absorption were observed even in treatments devoid of phosphorus application, due to the employment of biochar. Analogous results have been reported for alternative crops, such as wheat [42,43]. Increased phosphorus absorption in treatments involving biochar may be ascribed to enhancements in the root system, as evidenced by an increase in root length and volume, as well as an augmentation in the length and density of root hairs. ...
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This research, conducted in the wheat fields of West Mashhad, Iran, explores the synergistic effects of nano-technology and biochar on wheat cultivation and greenhouse gas emission. There is a growing global interest in recent years to decrease air pollution through augmentation of greenhouse gas emission. Moreover, this study investigated using a factorial experiment and various levels of phosphorus and biochar treatments, the study aimed to understand the dynamics of their combined influence on wheat's nutrient absorption and soil health. The results indicate that phosphorus fertilizer, particularly at full recommended doses, significantly enhances soil phosphorus content. This impact is further amplified when integrated with biochar, suggesting a collaborative relationship that is beneficial for both soil and crop health. The study also highlighted shifts in soil enzymatic activity: alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels are inversely related to phosphorus application but increase with biochar treatments. Given these findings, the research underscores the potential for refining wheat cultivation techniques. The paper suggests that more comprehensive studies and the integration of modern agricultural technologies could lead to more sustainable wheat cultivation strategies while optimizing yield and soil quality.
... The overall role of humic acid as an organic compound, alongside phosphorus fertilizer in escalating plant biomass production, could potentially explain the heightened phosphorus absorption. This hypothesis aligns with the findings of [48,49]. ...
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Our research conducted in an area characterized by alkaline, lime-abundant soils investigated the potential of utilizing phosphorus fertilizer and humic acid to enhance phosphorus absorption in sugarcane crops. The results indicated that the application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the total and bioavailable phosphorus in the rhizospheric soil, despite observing a decrease in phosphatase enzyme activity. An important observation was the considerable growth of active carbon, a crucial soil health indicator, under the influence of humic acid treatments. The findings also demonstrated an enhancement in phosphorus absorption by sugarcane due to the synergistic application of humic acid and phosphorus fertilizer at both harvest periods. Interestingly, humic acid treatments, when applied through immersion, were found to be more effective than soil applications, implying a greater impact on root absorption processes. The findings underline the potential of integrating humic acid into sugarcane cultivation for better phosphorus absorption. Our study offers valuable insights for improved soil management strategies, and could potentially pave the way towards more sustainable agricultural practices. However, we also recommend further investigation into alternative methods of humic acid application and its usage at different stages of plant growth. Such exploration could provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential benefits and most effective utilization of humic acid in agriculture, especially in regions with similar soil characteristics as West Azarbaijan, Iran
... Da Silva et al. (2021) menyatakan bahwa asam humat dapat menstimulasi sistem akar dengan meningkatkan jumlah dan panjang akar lateral dan rambut akar sehingga akar lebih dapat mengeksplorasi tanah yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan keterserapan unsur hara oleh tanaman. Dilaporkan pula bahwa penambahan asam humat ke dalam tanah bersamaan dengan pupuk P secara signifikan meningkatkan jumlah fosfat yang larut dalam air, sangat menghambat pembentukan fosfat yang terjerap dan meningkatkan serapan dan hasil P sebesar 25% (Wang et al., 1995) Berbeda dengan hasil analisis N-total, peningkatan P-total media tanam jika dibandingkan dengan analisis sebelum percobaan meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini diduga karena sampel yang diambil untuk uji P-total dengan kondisi tanaman masih dalam fase generatif awal (135 HST), sehingga tanaman belum mengalokasikan P dengan optimal seperti pada fase reproduktif atau fase generatif, dimana pada fase awal generatif unsur P masih tersimpan dalam media tanam dengan jumlah yang cukup tinggi. ...
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Aplikasi senyawa organik yang mengandung asam humat dan pupuk hayati dilaporkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi media tanam, meningkatkan hasil tanaman, serta mengurangi dosis pupuk anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi senyawa organik yang mengandung asam humat, asam fulvat, dan pupuk hayati terhadap N-total dan P-total pada media tanam, serta hasil buah pada tanaman stroberi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kasa kebun stroberi di Cisarua, Kecamatan Lembang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tujuh perlakuan. Perlakuan percobaan terdiri dari senyawa organik yang mengandung 2% asam humat dengan dosis 0,9 kg/ha, senyawa organik yang mengandung 1% asam fulvat 1 l/ha, pupuk hayati Bion Up 3 l/ha, berbagai kombinasi asam humat, asam fulvat dan pupuk hayati, pada masing-masing perlakuan ditambahkan pupuk NPK 16:16:16 sebanyak 125 kg/ha, serta perlakuan kontrol berupa pupuk NPK 125 kg/ha. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan kombinasi asam humat, asam fulvat, pupuk hayati, dan pupuk NPK memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam meningkatkan N-total (1,27%) dan P-total (5,88%) media tanam, serta bobot buah stroberi per tanaman (34,97 g) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.
... It has been reported that both humic acid (HA) and FA can inhibit the precipitation of P with heavy metals and enhance the P availability to plants [16][17][18]. Wang et al. [19] have reported that HAs can turn highly insoluble phosphates into highly available P, contributing to plant growth. In 2019, Yang et al. have analyzed the chemical and structural features of phosphate mineral transformation induced by synthetic HA. ...
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To improve the availability of inorganic phosphorus (P) in soil, we investigated the role of three macromolecular organic acids (MOAs), including fulvic acid (FA), polyaspartic acid (PA), and tannic acid (TA), in reducing the fixation of inorganic P fertilizer in the soil. AlPO4, FePO4, and Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O crystals were chosen as insoluble phosphate representatives in the soil to simulate the solubilization process of inorganic P by MOAs. The microstructural and physicochemical properties of AlPO4, FePO4, and Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after treatment of MOAs. In addition, the amounts of leached P and fixed inorganic P in Inceptisols and Alfisols affected by MOAs combined with superphosphate (SP) fertilizer were determined by soil leaching experiments. The presence of the three MOAs significantly increased the concentration of leached P and reduced the contents of insoluble inorganic phosphate formed with iron, aluminum, and calcium fixed in the soil, in which PA combined with SP had the most significant effect. Furthermore, the less inorganic P fixation in the combination treatment of MOAs and SP resulted in a greater wheat yield and P uptake. Therefore, MOAs could be a synergistic material for increasing P fertilizer utilization.
... Humic acids were added to an alkaline soil with phosphate fertilizer to wheat grown in field trials. It was observed that phosphate uptake and yield were increased by 25% (Wang et al., 1995). Humic Acid (HA) is the active constituent of organic humus, which can play a very important role in soil conditioning and plant growth, (Bendetti et al., 1996). ...
... Humic substances derived from leonardite are considered brown-black polymeric acids that exhibit both hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics and bind to soil mineral surfaces (Adani et al., 2006). Humic acid can be considered a natural soil conditioner because it contains high concentrations of trace minerals and has a greater effect on soil with alkaline pH and lower cation exchange capacity (Chen, 1996;Wang et al., 1995). ...
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This chapter reviews the use of biostimulants in turfgrass management. It first identifies the different types of biostimulants that can be used for turfgrass, focusing on phytohormones, biopolymers, protein hydrolysates and other nitrogen-containing compounds, botanical and synthetic bioactive compounds. The chapter also highlights the possibility of using humic substances, organics, inorganics/minerals, biologicals/microbials, soil surfactants and other naturally derived or synthetic bioactive compounds.
... phenols and carboxyls) have a higher electrical affinity with the surfaces of soil minerals (Fe and Al oxides), thus they are able to i) displace or desorb phosphates bound to minerals, ii) create cation bridges by changing the surface charges of minerals and iii) expand their surface area by occupying most of the mineral binding sites ( Figure 5). This possibility of interaction with the mineral fraction of the soil makes it widely tested as a blocker of P fixation in soils and several works can be found in the literature (Wang et al. 1995;Mayhew 2004;Cimrin & Yilmaz 2005;Quan-Xian et al. 2008;Rosa et al 2020;Purwanto et al. 2021;Jing et al. 2022). ...
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Brazilian agriculture has grown considerably in the last three decades, making the country one of the greatest agricultural powers in the world. All this growth demands a large amount of fertilizer. P is a rare and non-renewable resource, so it is important to use it with quality and sustainability. Brazil is a great importer of fertilizers, about 75% of what is consumed comes from outside the country. Adding knowledge is fundamental, so it becomes necessary for agribusiness professionals to know about the fertilizer chain. To know the available sources, the manufacturing process, the performance of these materials in the field, and to learn about new technologies that can be used to optimize the use of P.
... Humic acids were added to an alkaline soil with phosphate fertilizer to wheat grown in field trials. It was observed that phosphate uptake and yield were increased by 25% (Wang et al., 1995). Humic Acid (HA) is the active constituent of organic humus, which can play a very important role in soil conditioning and plant growth, (Bendetti et al., 1996). ...
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The present work was carried out at experimental farm, faculty of agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt, during 2020 and 2021 summer seasons, to study response of two soybean (Giza 111 and Giza 22) cultivars to mineral fertilization (NPK); mineral fertilizer at rates 50%, 75% and 100% of the recommended dose of N, P and K (RDF) and humic acid (HA) at rates 0, 6 and 12 kg HA/fed, as soil application. The results indicated that Giza 22 surpassed Giza 111 in seeds yield/feddan (feddan = 4200 m 2), biological yield/feddan and 100-seed weight in both seasons, respectively, as well as oil percentage in first season only and protein percentage in second season only. While Giza 111 surpassed Giza 22 in plant height, number of branches per plant and seeds yield per plant in both seasons, as well as the protein percentage in first season only and oil percentage in second season only. Application recommended dose of mineral fertilization (NPK) at rate 100% led to a significant increase in all traits under study. Using highest level of humic acid, which is 12 kg per feddan (feddan = 4200 m 2), led to a significant increase in all studied traits in this respect. Concerning the interaction between cultivars and mineral fertilization, data focus a significant effect on the characteristics of plant height (cm), seed yield per feddan in both seasons, oil and protein ratio, 100-seeds weight in the first season only, farther biological yield per feddan in the second season only. While the interaction between cultivars and humic acid showed a significant effect on the characteristics of plan t height (cm), seed yield per feddan, biological yield per feddan in both seasons, protein percentage, of 100-seed weight in the first season only, and the number of branches per plant in the second season only. Here too, the interaction between mineral fertilization and humic acid also showed a significant effect on the characteristics of seed yield per feddan, biological yield per feddan, weight of 100 seeds, protein percentage in both seasons, plant height and seed yield per plant in the first season only, and the percentage of oil in the seed in the second season only. Finally, the interaction between the three study factors, cultivars, mineral fertilization and humic acid, had a significant effect on the characteristics of the biological yield per feddan in both seasons, seed yield per feddan, weight of 100 seeds in the second season only, while plant height and seed yield per plant in the first season only, respectively .
... Quality of mushroom depends upon the phosphorus availability (Beyer and Muthersbaugh, 1996). The HA considered to increase the uptake of nutrients like P, Ca, and Mg making it more mobile and available to plant root system (Wang et al., 1997). ...
... Para destacar este efeito, COSTA et al. (2013) O efeito de substâncias húmicas sobre a disponibilidade de fósforo também é relatado sob condições alcalinas do solo. Os ácidos húmicos e seus derivados melhoraram a disponibilidade de fósforo devido a seu efeito benéfico sobre os íons Ca2+ ativos de ligação MOSA et al., 2016;WANG et al., 1995). ...
... super phosphate fertilizer in amount of organic phosphorus in soil (mg P kg -1 soil ( during different time incubation we can be arrangement type of organic acids in this study for all concentrations and time of incubation according to ability decreasing amount of organic phosphorus and increasing amount of mineral phosphorus as follow Humic acid > Citric acid >Oxalic acid >Malic acid >Acetic acid >Lactic acid >only fertilizer. Table(4) shows that to increasing significant (P<0.01,0.05)in amount of organic acid in soil with increasing of incubation time ,where decreased from 72.94 mg P kg -1 soil after 14 days from incubation to 61.06mg P kg -1 soil at time incubation 70 days .The amount of organic phosphorus 70.01,67.20 ...
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This study was conducted to evaluation the role of the organic acids in the phosphorus fractions in silty clay loam texture. The laboratoryexperiment was conducted by adding the organic acids (Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid , Malic acid ,Acetic acid and Lactic acid )to the fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer with 100 kg h-1 level with concentrations (0,15,30,45 and60)mg L-1,except Humic acid (500,1000,1500 and 2000) mg L-1.The soil was incubated at 30 C for 14,28,42,56 and 70 days period and the keep of field capacity about of incubation period during the daily weight.Amount of available ,mineral ,organic and total phosphorus after each incubated period were measured. The results showed that theaddition of organic acids of Humic acid ,Citric acid ,Oxalic acid and Malic acid were caused to increaseamount of available ,mineral ,organic and constant of total phosphorus in fertilized soil with conc. super phosphate fertilizer and increased its amount with increasing of organic acid concentration and better of Humic acid 2000mg L-1 significanton all the treatments .The results of the study that theaddition of organic acids were caused to increase amount of available and mineral phosphorus with increasing of incubation period and constant amount of total phosphorus and decreasing of organic phosphorus amount and available for only soil and only fertilizer treatment during increasing of incubation period .The organic acids can be arranged according to its ability toincrease the availabilityof the phosphorus as follow : Humic acid> Citric acid> Oxalic acid> Malic acid> Acetic acid>Lactic acid >control..
... Similarly, the simultaneous application of HA and mineral P fertilizer on top of a calcareous soil in a column experiment, in a similar dosage as used in our pot experiment, was found to increase the distance of downward P movement and water-extractable ortho-P (Du et al. 2013). In another study with calcareous soil, a similar effect was found after application of pelletized P fertilizer treated with HA (Wang, Wang, and Li 1995). Furthermore, in a series of calcareous soils with a varying Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) content and P loading, watersoluble ortho-P was found to be positively related to the SOC content (Regelink et al. 2015). ...
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Humic substances are increasingly used as biostimulants in agriculture because of their supposed effects on nutrient uptake and crop yield. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) addition with and without fertilization (N, P, K, S, and Ca) on (i) grass yield (Poa trivialis) and nutrient uptake and (ii) composition of soil porewater and 0.01 M CaCl2 soil extracts. Therefore, a pot experiment was performed using a loamy soil and a non-calcareous sandy soil. Fertilization increased N and P uptake and grass yield but there was no effect of FA or HA application (200 mg C kg⁻¹ soil) regardless of whether N or P was the growth limiting nutrient. Nutrient availability was assessed in soil pore water samples extracted by centrifugating moist soil and by 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of oven-dried soil. HA and FA had no effect on the availability of NO3 or ortho-P, neither in soil porewater nor in 0.01 M CaCl2 soil extracts. Fertilization led to an increase in 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable ortho-P but, remarkably, to a decrease in ortho-P and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) concentrations in soil pore water samples. This discrepancy was explained by the higher ionic strength of pore water in the fertilized soils, which caused the pH to drop by 0.2 to 0.4 units and thereby stimulated adsorption of ortho-P and DOC to reactive soil minerals. Such salt-induced effects do not occur in 0.01 M CaCl2 soil extracts where the ionic strength is nearly constant.
... This shows the possibility of positive interaction between CaP and HS in increasing P availability, through nutrients chelation and gradual release by HS. In agreement with these results, other reports show the positive effect of humic acid applications in phosphorus fertilization [28,29] and, even more noteworthy, in calcareous soils [30][31][32]. ...
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Nowadays, the use of biostimulants to reduce agrochemical input is a major trend in agriculture. In this work, we report on calcium phosphate particles (CaP) recovered from the circular economy, combined with natural humic substances (HSs), to produce a plant biostimulant. CaPs were obtained by the thermal treatment of Salmo salar bones and were subsequently functionalized with HSs by soaking in a HS water solution. The obtained materials were characterized, showing that the functionalization with HS did not sort any effect on the bulk physicochemical properties of CaP, with the exception of the surface charge that was found to get more negative. Finally, the effect of the materials on nutrient uptake and translocation in the early stages of development (up to 20 days) of two model species of interest for horticulture, Valerianella locusta and Diplotaxis tenuifolia, was assessed. Both species exhibited a similar tendency to accumulate Ca and P in hypogeal tissues, but showed different reactions to the treatments in terms of translocation to the leaves. CaP and CaP–HS treatments lead to an increase of P accumulation in the leaves of D. tenuifolia, while the treatment with HS was found to increase only the concentration of Ca in V. locusta leaves. A low biostimulating effect on both plants’ growth was observed, and was mainly scribed to the low concentration of HS in the tested materials. In the end, the obtained material showed promising results in virtue of its potential to elicit phosphorous uptake and foliar translocation by plants.
... Humic acids with clay minerals also create organic-mineral complexes that improve the soil sorption properties. In sandy soils, humic acids limit nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and calcium leaching and can significantly improve the phosphorus uptake, thus reducing its binding to the soil particles [21]. Moreover, humic acids stimulate the growth and proliferation of beneficial soil microorganisms (e.g., bacteria of the genera Azotobacter and Nitrosomonas) and increase the production of plant enzymes as well as contribute to the formation of chlorophyll, sugars, and amino acids in plants [22]. ...
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The application of various conditioners in agriculture is one of the management practices used to improve soil quality and plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-component conditioner on the selected soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. The effect of a conditioner on a set of soil properties and maize growth and yield was studied in one-year experiments carried out at three study sites, which were under a conventional tillage system. All of the study sites were located on farms in three geographic mezoregions in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region (Midwestern Poland). The studied soils were Haplic Luvisol (Janocin and Kobylnica) and Albic Luvisols (Krukówko) that were composed of sandy loam. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effect of a conditioner Solactiv on the soil and plant properties. The conditioner significantly affected the soil enzyme activities such as dehydrogenase (DHA), fluorescein sodium salt hydrolysis level (FDAH) and carboxymethylcellulose cellulase (CMC—cellulase); wherein the last one increased by about 16–20%. The application of Solactiv also increased the available K content (about 11%) but not the content of the microbial biomass C and N. Total porosity (TP), which was significantly higher in the soil treated with conditioner than in the control soils, increased the available water capacity (AWC) (about 2.2%). The higher AWC in the treated soil indicated the greater contribution of the mesopores in the TP (about 4%). A significantly higher readily available water capacity (RAWC) and small pores available water capacity (SAWC) was determined in the treated soils compared to the controls. Of the plant properties, only plant height, fresh cob biomass (BBCH 87–89) and fresh plant biomass (BBCH 84–85) were significantly increased by the conditioner. The application of Solactiv is considered to be a promising approach for developing sustainable agriculture by improving the soil’s biological activity and water-related properties.
... Quality of mushroom depends upon the phosphorus availability (Beyer and Muthersbaugh, 1996). The HA considered to increase the uptake of nutrients like P, Ca, and Mg making it more mobile and available to plant root system (Wang et al., 1997). ...
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Humic acid (HA) is natural product obtained by plant decomposition. It improves systematic resistance in plants and the shelf life of food products. Oyster mushrooms occupy important place in human food due to their palatability and nutritional enrichment. Little is known about the impacts of HA on mushrooms yield. Therefore, a trial was conducted to study the role of HA improving growth, nutritional and chemical composition of two oyster mushroom strains (Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus sajor-caju). Pure cotton waste amalgamated with five levels of HA, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM/L was used as growth media. The responses of oyster mushroom to HA were recorded in various traits i.e. time to spawn initiation, time to mycelium growth initiation, time to maturity of flushes, time to initiation of pinheads, yield, biological efficiency (BE), minerals (N, P, K, and ascorbic acid, Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Na and Ca), sugars (total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars), proximate, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The HA amalgation notably improved the growth, nutritional and chemical composition of oyster mushroom; however, strains differences were non-significant (>0.05) to various level of HA on dry weight basis TSS ranged from 6 to 6.8°Brix, total sugar was 5.8-11.9%, reducing sugar was 2.6-3%, non-reducing sugar was 9.2-9.6%, ascorbic acid was 35.9-43 mg/100 g, carbohydrates were 68-74%, crude protein was 62-69%, crude fiber was 22-37%, fat contents were 2.5-17%, ash content was 9-11%. These results suggest that HA is an innovative substrate for valuable and high-quality production of the oyster mushroom.
... Combined humic acid as soil application with 37 kgPha -1 exhibited growth and yields and its componants equal to those under the high level of phosphorus+humic acid as soil application . In this concern ,Fu et al (2013) stated that humic acid can improve phosphorus availability in the soil.Similar results were obtained by Wang et al (1995) who reported that added humic acid and some phosphatic fertilizer to plants resulted in increasing P absorption percentage by about 25% higher than no humic acid application , hence the requirement of cutting down on phosphatic fertilizer is needed .In general , the highest value of maize growth and productivity were obtained for maize plants treated with 74 or 37 kg Pha -1 + humicacid as soil application , while the lowest ones were recorded for plants without phosphorus and humic acid application . ...
... The root development can be inhibited by lower phosphates. Wang et al. (2007) reported that humic acids application in an alkaline soils solubilized phosphorus from phosphates and this slowly contributed to the soil's available phosphorus budget. For soil K content, Duplessis and Mackenzie (1983) reported an increase in soil K level with the leonardite, while Ece et al. (2004) showed a decrease in soil K level with the leonardite application. ...
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Turkey is one of the major garlic producing country in the world and the significant amount of Turkey’s production has been made using a garlic variety called Taşköprü garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Kastamonu, Turkey. In order to improve the quality of garlic production, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of leonardite organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer NPK and the mixture of both the leonardite and NPK fertilizers on the soil properties and mean performances of different characters and yield production of Taşköprü garlic. The treatments were: the plots without leonardite and NPK fertilizers (Control), (2) 80 N kg ha-1 + 40 kg ha-1 P2O5 + 100 kg ha-1 K2O (MF), (3) 2.6 ton ha-1 leonardite (Leo1), (4) 6.9 ton ha-1 leonardite (Leo2), (5) 9.7 ton ha-1 leonardite (Leo3), (6) Leo1 + MF, (7) Leo2 + MF and Leo3 + MF. Most soil characteristics and the different characters and yield production of Taşköprü garlic statistically varied between the different fertilizer treatments. The plots with the Leo3MF application showed the highest soil organic C, N, P and K concentrations, and the SOCstock and TNstock, while it had the highest bulb weight, length, equatorial diameter, weight of cloves, width of cloves, length of cloves as well as bulb yield per decare. Of the soil properties, the garlic yield was strongly positively correlated with the soil N concentration, indicating that the applications of leonardite with the different doses or the mixture of leonardite with the mineral fertilizer were resulting in higher soil N concentration and thus having the greatest effect on the garlic yields.
... Indeed, improved performance membrane transporters allow better absorption of soil nutrients [26]. A clear example is represented by phosphorus bioavailability in soils treated with HA and P-fertilizer: HA increases water-soluble phosphate, phosphorus plant uptake and plant biomass, retarding the formation of occluded phosphate [27]. Hence, HA cannot replace mineral fertilizations, but they can provide more productive cropping systems with fewer negative impacts on the environment deriving from the lower application of fertilizers. ...
Article
Wastewater production is rising all over the world and one of the most difficult problems is the disposal of sewage sludge (SS). It is known that SS contains certain quantities of added-value compounds, such as humic acids (HA) which in turn have beneficial effects on soil quality and plant growth. On the other hand, SS can retain many pollutants, such as heavy metals. The present work aimed to implement an HA alkaline extraction protocol from anaerobic sewage sludge (ASS). Subsequently, the HA were quantified in ASS, in HA extract and in commercial HA, used as a benchmark, which gave results of 12.53%, 26.87% and 77.87% (on dry matter basis), respectively. FESEM and EDX analyses on lyophilized HA extract confirmed that no heavy metals had passed into the extract. Afterwards, in order to allow controlled release of the HA in soils, alginate beads containing the HA extract were created. Finally, a pot experiment in a greenhouse was performed using Chilean lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) treated with alginate-HA extract beads. At the end of the greenhouse experiments, the hypogean dry biomass of the treated plants was significantly higher than for non-treated plants. The relevance of this study relies not only on the exploitation of green chemistry principles, by converting a waste stream into a high-value product, but also on the application of an approach following a circular economy model.
... The ameliorative effect of humic substances on phosphorus availability is also reported under alkaline soil conditions. Humic acids and their derivatives improved phosphorus availability due to their beneficial effect on binding active Ca 2+ ions (El-Ghamry et al., 2009;Mosa et al., 2016;Wang et al., 1995). ...
... The increase in P uptake ascribed to low soil P fixation and or formation of humophospho complexes, which are easily assimilable by the plants [22]. The HA application with P fertilizer significantly increased the amount of watersoluble phosphate and strongly retard the formation of occluded phosphate, and increased P uptake by plants Wang et al. [23]. Xi et al. [7] also observe the stimulatory effect on plant micro and macronutrient uptake due to humic acid application. ...
... Likewise, this case could also result from the phosphor present in humic acid. Similarly, Erdal et al. (2000) and Wang et al. (1995) reported in their study that with increasing humic acid applications useable phosphorus content in the soil also increased. ...
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This study was conducted on the YYU campus area as a field survey, according to the randomized block experimental design carried out in three replicated. The yellow and orange marigold species with humic acids (HA0;0 kg HA da-1, HA1;10 kg HA da-1, HA2;20 kg HA da-1, HA3;40 kg HA da-1) were used. At the end of the experiment, the soil samples taken from the field of study were analyzed organic matter, soil reactions, total salt content, lime content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, natrium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel and lead contents. The increased humic acid applications have influenced pH (P<0.01), lime (P<0.01), organic matter (P<0.05) with phosphorus (P<0.01), iron (P<0.05), zinc (P<0.05) and nickel (P<0.01) contents. The effect variety (V) has been determined on the available of soil iron (P<0.01), zinc (P<0.01), cadmium (P<0.01), nickel (P<0.01), and lead (P<0.01) contents. The interaction of only affected the nickel (P<0.01) and zinc (P<0.01) contents. As a result, humic acid applications have an important and positive effect on many properties of soil.
... Humic acids affect the transformation of phosphorus compounds. Wang et al. (2007) reported that the application of humic acids from lignite in an alkaline soils solubilized phosphorus from phosphates and this slowly contributed to the soil's available phosphorus budget. Humic acids are especially beneficial in freeing up nutrients in the soil so that they are made available to the plants as needed. ...
... There are several reports to show that mineralization of N, P and K from the soil into the root system is increased in the presence of humus substances. Humic substances derived from brown coal (lignite) are a rich source of acidic carboxylic and phenolic groups which can provide reactive sites for cation exchange, bind and sequester phytotoxic elements, increase pH buffering of soils, and promote the penetration and retention of calcium in the soil as well as improve nutrient transport to plants, (Wang et al., 1995). ...
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Mycorrhizal inoculation (M1) produced the greatest number of grains per spike (36.5 in number) and gained the greatest weight of 1000 grains (36.32 g). The percentage of harvest index achieved its maximum value at ha ⁻¹ . The biological yield reached its highest at 34.02%, with a quantitative optimum of 14.12 tons ha ⁻¹ . Furthermore, the application of P2 phosphate fertilizer resulted in the maximum measured weight of 1000 grains (37.50 g), the highest measured number of grains per spike (38.06 grains spike ⁻¹ ), and the highest measured grain yield (5.31 tons). The biological yield was measured at 14.75 tons ha ⁻¹ , representing the highest value. Additionally, the harvest index revealed that this yield was the highest at 36.52%. Furthermore, the introduction of humic acid H2 resulted in the weight of 1000 grains reaching 37.47 g and the number of grains per spike reaching their maximum values. Humic acid H2 produced the maximum grain yield, measuring 5.31 tons ha ⁻¹ , at a rate of 38.67 grain spikes per square hectare. The value of the biological produce reached at 14.55 tons.ha ⁻¹ , while the highest percentage in the harvest index had a 41.56% reduction in its value. The greatest value was produced by the second interaction treatment M1P2. We determined the peak value for the number of grains per surge to be 38.62, with a weight of 39.09 g for 1000 grains. Spike ⁻¹ , and it most significantly increased the grain yield by 5.50 tons.ha ⁻¹ , the biological yield by 14.99 tons.ha ⁻¹ , and the percentage by which it increased the grain yield by the most substantial quantity. The harvest index achieved a value of 36.56%. The triple interaction M1P2H2 demonstrated superior performance by achieving the highest values for grain yield (6.31 tons ha ⁻¹ ) and grain yield per spike (43.95 grains spike ⁻¹ ). Additionally, this treatment yielded the highest value for grain weight (43.95%) and number of grains per spike (43.95%).
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Humic substances (HS) are frequently incorporated into soils to improve soil health and nutrient availability. However, existing literature presents discrepancies regarding the soil-HS interactions and their impact on orthophosphate (inorganic phosphorus (IP)) adsorption, specifically, concerning the influence of soil clay mineralogy on these interactions. This study aims to investigate whether the impact of soluble humic acid (HA) on IP adsorption in semi-arid Mediterranean soils is contingent upon their clay mineralogy. This was tested by constructing IP- adsorption isotherms in the presence and absence of HA of four illite/smectite (I/S) or kaolinitic dominated soils. The results revealed that the addition of HA increased IP adsorption to I/S soils by up to 80%, yet IP did not affect HA adsorption to these soils. This suggests that while HA and IP are adsorbed onto different sites on the I/S clay, HA adsorption probably increases the number of adsorption sites accessible for IP. In contrast, IP and HA adsorption onto the kaolinitic soil was fully competitive: IP reduced HA adsorption and vice versa. It is suggested that new adsorption sites for IP resulted from the HA interactions with the I/S clay planar surfaces. In addition, HA moieties containing cationic (ionized) nitrogen, could possibly interact with clays to increase the number of platelets per tactoid. Unlike I/S clays, kaolinite that possesses low degree of isomorphic substitution, low net negative charge, and high degree of platelets stacking, does not tend to such interactions with HA. Instead, HA will be adsorbed mostly onto the clay edges, competing with IP on adsorption sites.
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The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of humic substance on the transformation of phosphorus in acid soil, so an experiment was conducted in a lab setting using the same soil (Typic Rhodustalf) collected from the land where the field experiment is expected (Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Tarikere taluk, Karnataka India). Humic substance employed in treatment application was extracted from farm yard manure. The study proven that, in contrast to P fertilizers applied without humic substance, application of humic substance at higher doses along with P fertilizers increased the available P status, saloid-P and organic-P fraction over the course of the incubation period, particularly when rock phosphate combined with humic substance @ 60 mg kg-1. However, compared to P fertilisers without humic substance treatments, significant decrease in in Al-P, Fe-P, reductant soluble P, occluded P and Ca-P was found in Rock phosphate + humic substance @ 60 mg kg-1 with lower P fixation (35.31%) and Rock phosphate + humic substance @ 40 mg kg-1 with P fixation of 37.32%, while the absolute control treatment (60.34%) had the maximum P fixation capacity.
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One of the modern approaches to solving environmental problems of accumulation and deposition of production and consumption waste is the implementation of “green economy” and “closed cycle” economy models. This approach makes it possible to increase the resource utilization rate and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The study of the possibility of joint disposal of waste from various industries, for example agricultural and industrial waste, is promising in this area. The analysis of the current state of work in this direction is carried out, using the example of the possibilities of joint utilization of phosphogypsum and organic waste. A new eco-friendly approach to the utilization of a large-tonnage secondary material resource – phosphogypsum together with organic waste is proposed. Phosphogypsum acts as a matrix for the production of complex organomineral fertilizers and meliorants of complex composition, the introduction of the organic component of fertilizers is carried out in the finished and neutralized liquid phase. Agricultural waste, municipal waste, s ewage sludge can be the raw materials for the organic component. The effectiveness of the complex organomineral fertilizer an d meliorant based on phosphogypsum (90% by weight) and the liquid fertilizer “Rabiol” with the inclusion of a highly selective sorbent based on molecular imprinted polymers to imazamox, a resistant herbicide of the imidazolinone class, is shown.
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Numerous studies have been completed on the science of organic matter and humic substances (HS), including humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA). This chapter discusses that issues related to the regulation of commercial HA and FA products. For soil microorganisms, HS would be utilized as a source of organic carbon and might serve as a functional group of the biosynthesis chains. HS had unique physical and chemical/biochemical properties that influenced living cell metabolism and enzyme activity. Product efficacy data from a range of literature have shown both scientifically and practically that HS, when applied at reasonable rates, are beneficial for soil, crops, and livestock. One of the most important applications of humic products is in the production of organic certified products for people. While the science of HS, HA, and FA is solid, and each has been proven effective for agricultural application, cautions and limitations must be taken into consideration.
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This chapter presents the most important information on low‐rank coal applications in agriculture: whether commercial products manufactured from this material can be applied on the field and provide the intended benefits. For soil and crop applications, dry and liquid humic products can be directly applied or blended with nutrients prior to application. Pelletized humic substance (HS) is an improvement over dry HS of large and medium particulate sizing. Liquid HS is manufactured from dry HS of very small particulate sizing to contain mainly humic acids (HA) and some fulvic acids. Dry soluble HS is to be made into liquid HA prior to their application on the field. The chapter considers the efficacy of the products on soil, crops, and livestock, with all data having been generated from actual projects. It concludes with a cost–benefit study on the overall feasibility of humic products for crop applications.
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Introduction: Fertilizer management is utmost important factor in success of pharmaceutical crops cultivation. Application of biological fertilizers is important in production of these plants. Therefore the use of this type of fertilizers in the production of medicinal plants is expanding and seems to be becoming a global approach. Material and methods: The effect of humic acid and nano-chalate zinc fertilizer on activity of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and essential oil of savory plant was investigated using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design two factors and with four replications in a greenhouse at Zabol University in 2014. The factors were humic acid with four levels (zero, 5.0, 1 and 1.5 mg/L) and nano-chalate zinc fertilizer with four levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 g/L). Results and discussion: The results of variance analysis showed that humic acid, nano zn chelated fertilizer and the interaction of factors had significant effects at 1 % probability level on leaf length, leaf area index, chlorophyll index, essential oil content and zinc conten, phosphorus, catalase enzyme, peroxidase enzyme and superoxidase dismutase enzyme but the interaction of nano zinc chelated and humic acid fertilizers was not significant on plant dry weight. The treatments showed significant effects on chlorophyll index, leaf length and area, enzyme activity of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, zin contentc and percentage of essential oil. At all levels of humic acid, application of nano fertilizer increased the activity rate of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, zinc, phosphorus and essential oil percentage in the application of 1.5 mg/L humic acid and 200 g/L nano fertilizer increased 58, 34, 75, 26 and 77%, respectively. Application of 1.5 mg/L humic acid and 200 g/L of nano fertilizer had the greatest effect on leaf area index (4), plant dry weight (16.15 g), leaf length (3/20 cm), zinc conten (0/950 mg/kg) catalas enzyme (1.88
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Humic acid extracts of soil organic matter had the capacity to complex ferric ions. Methylation studies indicated that non-carboxylic hydroxyl groups present in humic acid are involved in holding iron above pH 4.7.The (humic acid-iron) complex was able to hold phosphate ions against an anion resin. The amount of phosphate held depended on the pH and on the type of resin. It was also found that although the phosphate associated with the (humic acid-iron) complex was nearly all exchangeable with radioactive P32, only a portion of this phosphate was available for plant use.
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A method has been developed for producing active reagents from brown coal and hydrolysis lignin by their oxidation with dilute nitric acid. The products obtained contain up to 30 and 46% respectively of humic acids with active functional groups. Reactions of oxidized and ammoniated coal with mono,- di-, and tricalcium phosphate have also been studied. The variation of the composition and yield of the reaction products with the ratio of the substances taken have been investigated. It has been found that the addition of oxidized coal to mono-, di-, and tricalcium phosphate raised the quantity of the water-soluble PâOâ froms, i.e., this hinders phosphorous fixation in the soil.
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The possibility of the formation of organo-metallic phosphate compounds has been investigated under laboratory conditions by the direct interaction of phosphates with low-ash humic and fulvic acid preparations. It was observed that stable undissociable organo-metallic phosphates were formed only when humic and fulvic acids contained complexed iron or aluminum. These organometallic phosphates possess varying degrees of solubility and mobility. Fulvic acid-metal phosphate compounds because of their relatively higher mobility should have a higher availability to plants.
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In an investigation on the effect of decomposing straw materials on the solubility of precipitated phosphates labelled with P32, it was observed that anaerobic incubation of straw leads to a greater release of phosphate. Fulvic acids from different sources displayed some solvent action on the precipitated phosphates. Complex formation between iron and fulvic acids and the possible formation of soluble fulvic-iron phosphate complexes might be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the mobilization of insoluble phosphates in soils.
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Study on the effect of ammonium nitro‐humus from several materials on fertilizer superphosphate
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Effect of three humic substances on the content of some nutrients in soil
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