Chapter

Test Automation

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Abstract

Test automation generally means automated execution of test cases including automated verification of the test results. However, this is a rather narrow view. This term is more usefully taken to refer to any type of tool support of a testing activity. Tools that support testing activities are almost all computer programs that are generally referred to as test tools. The different types of test tools are outlined. Almost any testing activity can be tool‐supported in some way, but this is not to say that the activity can be performed entirely by the tool or automatically. In most cases tool‐supported activities require some manual intervention. The main role of a testing tool is usually to support, not replace, a person's efforts. This article discusses issues associated with most types of tool support for testing, but much of the later sections deal with issues that are most applicable to tool support for test execution automation, the most popular type of test automation.

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The study explores the current state of test automation in software testing organizations by focusing on the views and observations of managers, testers and developers in each organization. The case study was conducted in selected organizational units that develop and test technical software for industrial automation or telecommunication domains. The data was collected with 41 theme-based interviews in each unit. The interview data was analyzed qualitatively by using the grounded theory research method. It was found that although test automation was viewed as beneficial, it was not utilized widely in the companies. The main benefits of test automation were quality improvement, the possibility to execute more tests in less time and fluent reuse of testware. The major disadvantages were the costs associated with developing test automation especially in dynamic customized environments. Such issues as properties of tested products, attitudes of employees, resource limitations, and customers influenced the level of test automation in the case organizations.
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