![Photo 1 (A) RHS shaved site 72 h (D3) and 14 days (D14) post shaving in control rats investigated for the effect of Ocimum oil (Oc) on Cyclophosphamide (Cpd) induced inhibited hair growth. [Grp 1A ) No Cpd, No Oc AE Grp 2A ) I.p Cpd days 1-14, No Oc]. (B) LHS shaved site 72 h (D3) and 14 days (D14) post shaving in control rats investigated for the effect of Ocimum oil (Oc) on Cyclophosphamide (Cpd) induced inhibited hair growth. [Grp lB ) No Cpd, No Oc AE Grp 2B ) I.p Cpd days 1-14, No Oc].](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ejaife-Agbani/publication/229304255/figure/fig1/AS:629858036117504@1527181266807/Photo-1-A-RHS-shaved-site-72-h-D3-and-14-days-D14-post-shaving-in-control-rats_Q320.jpg)
![Photo 2 (A) RHS shaved site 72 h (D3) and 14 days (D14) post-shaving in treated rats investigated for the effect of Ocimum oil (Oc) on Cyclophosphamide (Cpd) induced inhibited hair growth. [Grp 3A ) No Cpd, topical Oc days 114, AE Grp 4A ) I.p Cpd + topical Oc days 1-14)]. (B) LHS shaved site 72 h (D3) and 14 days (D14) post shaving in treated rats investigated for the effect of ocimum oil (Oc) on cyclophosphamide (Cpd) induced inhibited hair growth. [Grp 3B ) No Cpd, topical Oc-RHS (Days 1-14) AE Grp 4B ) I.p Cpd days 1-14, topical Oc-RHS (days 1-14)].](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ejaife-Agbani/publication/229304255/figure/fig3/AS:629858036097024@1527181266945/Photo-2-A-RHS-shaved-site-72-h-D3-and-14-days-D14-post-shaving-in-treated-rats_Q320.jpg)
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A study on the effect of the leaf essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. on cyclophosphamide-induced hair loss
Abstract and Figures
Hair loss is one of the most feared side effects of cancer chemotherapy. This preliminary study investigated the efficacy of the leaf essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn (Ocimum oil) in promoting hair growth in cyclophosphamide-induced hair loss. Shaved sites, ⩾4 cm2, were created on the flanks of 6 groups each of 7 freshly weaned 4-week old rats. Four groups (groups 2, 4, 5 and 6) were treated with 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cpd) intra-peritoneally daily to simulate changes seen in human chemotherapy-induced hair loss. Ocimum oil was administered topically alone (group 3) or in combination with Cpd in groups 2, 4 and 5 for 14 days and in group 6 for 8 days. Group 1 received no test substance. Tissue biopsies were obtained from 2 rats selected at random from each group on treatment day 9 for histological examination. Surviving animals were further observed for 7 days after treatment. Histopathology and gross morphologic observations for hair re-growth at shaved sites revealed active follicular proliferation in Ocimum alone and Cpd + Ocimum oil treated groups. Ocimum oil may, therefore, be capable of enhancing normal hair growth and promoting follicular proliferation in cyclophosphamide-induced hair loss.
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... The hair follicles from the tissues were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using an eyepiece micrometer. The number of follicles in a 1 square mm area was determined [23,24]. ...
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) of Fenugreek Seed Extract (FSE) in a dermatological base for its hair growth activity in alopecia Methods: The optimized SLN formulation of FSE was loaded into neutralized Carbopol 934 gel, and its hair growth efficacy was studied in Wistar rats in terms of hair density and length. Alopecia was induced in the rats by administering cyclophosphamide at a dose of 40 mg/kg for three days. The formulations were applied to the skin for twenty-one days following the induction of the disease. The hair growth in FSE-SLN gel-treated groups were compared with disease control and other treatment groups using qualitative and quantitative assessments. Results: FSE-SLN gel reduced the hair growth completion time comparable to that of the standard (p<0.01). The increase in hair length was significantly (p<0.01) greater in FSE SLN groups compared to groups treated with conventional gels, oils, and marketed formulations, demonstrating the superior hair growth efficacy of the developed FSE SLN. Conclusion: SLNs can enhance the penetration of extract into the skin (stratum corneum) compared to oil and gels, thereby increasing treatment efficiency, targeting the epidermis, and reducing systemic absorption and related side effects. Consequently, the developed nanoformulation can be a substitute for in vivo hair growth activity.
... Due to their potential benefit on skin, there are many research and studies conducted to broaden the application of OG plant and extract especially in cosmetic applications. In the previous study, the efficacy of the leaf essential oil of O. gratissimum were investigated in promoting hair growth in cyclophosphamide-induced hair loss (Orafidiya et al., 2004). Moreover, the ability of OG essential oil in increasing vascular permeability also may be one of the factors that contribute to its wound healing property as shown in the study conducted by Orafidiya and Fakoya (Orafidiya et al., 2005). ...
In the last few decades, several nanoparticles technologies of actives delivery systems have emerged in the formulation of personal care products. The purpose of this study is to formulate the nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract (OGNLC) and to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the OGNLC formulation. Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction (UAE) method are used in this study to obtain O. gratissimum extract with the determination of the TPC, while melt emulsification homogenization conjoined with ultrasonic homogenization method are used to prepare OGNLC samples. Two types of surfactants (Tween 80 and soy lecithin) are incorporated in the formulation to form OGNLC with various compositions (%) to determine the best formulation. The effect of varying compositions of surfactants in OGNLC samples on the mean particle size (MPS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of OGNLC are characterized. The best formulation also was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, and the encapsulation efficiency are determined. The stability of OGNLC particle size was also assessed after 30 days of exposure under low and room temperature (4°C, 25°C). An optimal OGNLC consists of 2.0% O. gratissimum extract, 2.0% GMS, 10.0% VCO, and varying surfactant compositions of 2.0% of Tween 80, and 1.0% of soy lecithin by a mean particle size of 155.73 ± 1.53 nm, a PDI value of 0.203 ± 0.007, zeta potential of |−37.2| ± 0.95 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (%) of 95.70% ± 6.256%. The stability assessment of OGNLC showed that the obtained formulation is at least stable for more than 30 days. This study concludes that the composition of surfactants are important factors affecting the size and stability of the OGNLC. This is the first study to report on the synthesis of nanostructured lipid carrier loaded with O. gratissimum .
... Keratinocytes considered a first affected cite for environmental or xenobiotic damaging effects. This can be attributable to the normal feature that up to 90% from total HFs are in a rapid growth process and the high blood flow rate around hair bulbs contributes to a strong bioavailability of many drugs at these locations 13,14 . ...
Hair is the human body’s major esthetic display component, especially in cultural and social interactions.Hair loss is yet sometimes transient and the patient restore hair growth but have harmful effect on thepsychology of the patient. Throughout this research, the potency of topical pentoxifylline (PTX) instimulating regrowth in hair loss caused by cyclophosphamide was established. The study was performedby treated with PTX topically in male Swiss albino rats. The animals divided into seven groups with sixanimals in each group. To induce alopecia Cyclophosphamide used at a dose of (125 mg/kg) intraperitoneal.Macroscopically pentoxifylline (PTX) treated groups displayed new hair growth. Strong follicularproliferation was demonstrated by histopathology and gross morphological observations of hair growth inshaved areas. The blood biochemical cytokine assay revealed a down regulation of pro inflammatory TH1cytokines TNF-? and INF-g, in addition there is up regulation of TH2 cytokine IL-13. In the study showedan efficient efficacy on the treatment of alopecia induced by cyclophosphamide.
... Keratinocytes are responsible for the proliferative phase and are also one of the main targets of the toxic effect of environmental or xenobiotic agents. As the rate of blood flow around the hair bulbs rises during the growth stage, it can result in a good bioavailability of many drugs in these sites(Orafidiya et al., 2004), having beneficial consequences or not, depending on the pharmacological effect of the substance. ...
Temos o prazer de lançar o SEGUNDO livro internacional voltado a área do desenvolvimento do ano de 2023, que tem como título Development and its applications in scientific knowledge , essa obra é editada pela Seven Publicações Ltda, tendo a composição de diversos capítulos voltados ao desenvolvimento e disseminação do conhecimento nas diversas áreas do desenvolvimento.
... Nardostachys jatamansi digunakan sebagai promotor pertumbuhan rambut yang dapat meningkatkan kilauan rambut (Thorat, Jadhav dan Kadam, 2009). Minyak atsiri dari Ocimum grafissimum memiliki kemampuan yang dapat mengurangi efek samping dari siklofosfamid dengan menyebabkan proliferasi folikel sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan rambut (Orafidiya et al., 2004). Centella asiatica memiliki kemampuan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan rambut dengan memodulasi folikel sel papilla dermal (Saansoomchai et al., 2018). ...
Hair tonic is a hair care cosmetic that is designed to help overcome the problem of hair loss. Hair tonic can strengthen hair roots and keep the scalp healthy. The use of hair oil before take a bath is a common thing to do to maintain healthy hair. One of the oils that can be used is coconut oil. Coconut oil can retain moisture and hydration, protect hair and compensate for protein loss in hair. The purpose of this literature review is to examine some herbal plants that can be combined with coconut oil to be used as hair tonic for hair growth. The method used is literature study from international and national journals. The results of the article review show that the combination of extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Cuscuta reflexa, Citrullus colocynthis, Nardostachys jatamansi, Ocimum gratissimum with coconut oil can grow hair 9.00 ± 0.36 mm for 30 days on rat, the combination of Centella asiatica with coconut oil can grow hair 3.88 ± 0.16 mm in 30 days on rat, microemulsion coconut oil and rice bran oil grow hair by giving hair length of 12.6 mm in 18 days on rabbit and the combination of Ziziphus jujuba with coconut oil can hair growth of 1.82 ± 0.03 mm within 30 days on rat. Abstrak. Hair tonic merupakan kosmetik perawatan rambut yang dirancang salah satunya untuk membantu mengatasi masalah pada rambut rontok. Hair tonic dapat menguatkan akar rambut dan menjaga kulit kepala agar tetap sehat. Penggunan minyak rambut sebelum mandi merupakan hal yang biasa dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan rambut. Salah satu minyak yang dapat digunakan yaitu coconut oil. Coconut oil dapat meretensi kelembaban dan hidrasi, melindungi rambut serta mengkompensasi kehilangan protein pada rambut. Tujuan kajian pustaka ini yaitu untuk mengkaji beberapa tanaman herbal yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan coconut oil untuk digunakan sebagai hair tonic penumbuh rambut. Metode yang digunakan yaitu studi pustaka dari jurnal internasional dan nasional. Hasil dari kajian artikel menunjukan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Cuscuta reflexa, Citrullus colocynthis, Nardostachys jatamansi, Ocimum gratissimum dengan coconut oil dapat menumbuhkan rambut 9,00 ± 0,36 mm selama 30 hari pada tikus, kombinasi Centella asiatica dengan coconut oil dapat menumbuhkan rambut 3,88 ± 0,16 mm dalam 30 hari pada tikus, mikroemulsi coconut oil dan rice bran oil menumbuhkan rambut dengan memberikan panjang rambut 12,6 mm dalam waktu 18 hari pada kelinci dan kombinasi Ziziphus jujuba dengan coconut oil dapat menumbuhkan rambut 1,82 ± 0,03 mm dalam waktu 30 hari pada tikus.
Alopecia is a common dermatological disorder of patchy hair loss with substantial patient burden. Phytotherapeutic compounds are increasingly used as a source of new therapeutic options. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence on plant species in hair growth and the methodological aspects of in vivo experimental models. The systematic scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA checklist, Joanna Briggs Institute and in accordance with Cochrane. A systematic search was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. In vivo experiments that evaluated hair growth activity using natural substances of plant origin were included. Data collection and analysis: A total of 1,250 studies were identified, of which 175 were included for qualitative synthesis. Of these, 128 used mice, 37 rats, 10 rabbits, 1 guinea pig, and 1 sheep as animal models. The methodologies mapped were: hair growth analysis, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biochemical analysis. Minoxidil and finasteride were the most commonly used positive controls. The studies evaluated plant species (166), algae (11) or isolated substances (31). Overall 152 plant species and 37 isolated substances were identified. This is the first systematic scoping review on methodological aspects of in vivo hair growth activity. We created a checklist to be completed by authors to allow data comparison and reproducibility, facilitate data interpretation by readers and ensure better quality of evidence. This work may become a valuable tool for future research and contribute to significant advances in hair growth studies.
This study involved a comprehensive analysis of phytochemical components of the aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum which revealed ascorbic acid to be the most abundant component, followed by tannins and flavonoids, while alkaloids, phytate, and cardiac glycosides were found in minimal amounts, while the ethanolic extract revealed the high components of ascorbic acid followed by flavonoid then tannin while other components were recorded in minimial amount. The study also evaluated the antibacterial properties of Ocimum gratissimum L. (scent leaf) against bacteria isolated from Kunu-zaki. Gram-negative organisms exhibited sensitivity to Gentamicin, Augmentin, and Ciprofloxacin, but demonstrated resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. In contrast, gram-positive organism displayed sensitivity to Rocephin, Streptomycin, Pefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Zinnacef. Furthermore, the study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous and ethanolic extracts on the isolated bacteria, the ethanolic extract yielded more favorable results, while ciprofloxacin was used as a control.
Essential oils have been used for centuries by communities all over the world in various areas and for various purposes. These include uses in medicine, flavoring, perfumery, cosmetics, insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides, among others. They are natural and biodegradable substances, generally nontoxic or with low toxicity to humans and other animals. Therefore, constant research in these areas represents an alternative for new and more efficient drugs with less side effects as well as obtaining new products and supplies. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications of essential oils in a variety of human activities with a focus on the most important evidence-based developments in the various fields of knowledge.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical and oral administration of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on the hair growth of BALB/c male mice. The animals had their dorsal area shaved (2 ×2 cm) and they were divided into 6 experimental groups. They received orally saline (OS), finasteride (F), or PSO (OP) for 14 days; or topically saline (TS), minoxidil (M), or PSO (TP) for 7 days. The euthanasia of all of the mice occurred on the 22nd day, and the histological slides from the skin area were analyzed. Lipoperoxidation in the liver was assessed through the TBARS method and was also evaluated by the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). The comet assay and the micronucleus tests were performed for genotoxic/mutagenic safety analyses. A significant increase in the number of hair follicles in the TP group was seen (8.8 ± 0.8) but it was disorganized, with loose dermal collagen. Finasteride presented a significant increase in the levels of the TBARS, SOD, and CAT in the liver, and M increased the DNA damage in the blood and the liver tissues. PSO did not induce any significant changes. In addition, PSO did not induce genotoxic or mutagenic effects. In conclusion, the oral PSO for 14 days acted in the proliferation of the hair follicles, without toxicity signals in the liver.
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Aim: This study was designed to investigate possible synergistic effect of aloe vera gel on the anti-acne properties of Ocimum gratissimum oil and to compare the activities of both agents singly and in combinations with the anti-acne agent Dalacin™ – a 1% Clindamycin phosphate solution.Methods: 84 subjects presenting with clinically significant Acne vulgaris (mainly undergraduates of a University) were randomly assigned into seven groups and treated with different test preparations (2% v/v Ocimum oil lotion containing graded concentrations (0–≈100%) of aloe gel, placebo or control preparations). Samples tested were applied to the face after washing morning and evening. The numbers of inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) were counted prior to application and daily for 4 weeks. The efficacy of the preparations was rated in terms of product activity (1/D), which is the reciprocal value of the number of days taken to achieve 50% reduction in lesion count.Results: The efficacy of the Ocimum oil lotion products increased with increasing aloe gel contents. Products formulated with the undiluted or 50% aloe gels were most active and resolved inflammatory lesions faster than the standard product. The aloe gel alone showed minimal activity. Adverse effect was mild and tolerable.Conclusion: Aloe vera gel enhanced the anti-acne properties of Ocimum oil; the oil or its combination with aloe vera gel is more effective than 1% Clindamycin in the treatment of Acne vulgaris.
Objective
This study was designed to determine the clinically effective concentration and most appropriate base for a topical Ocimum oil formulation in the management of acne vulgaris.
Design and patients
126 subjects, mainly university undergraduates, presenting with acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to treatment with Ocimum oil preparations, a reference product (benzoyl peroxide 10% lotion) or placebo. The test samples were applied in a dose of 0.25cm3 to the face after washing morning and evening. The number of lesions (papules and pustules) was counted prior to application and daily for 4 weeks. The efficacy of the preparations was rated in terms of product activity (DA), which is the reciprocal value of the number of days taken to achieve a 50% reduction in lesion count (D).
Results
Ocimum oil preparations containing 2% oil in alcohol (ethanol) and in a cetomacrogol blend base were more effective and reduced lesions faster than the reference product. Adverse effects reported for the Ocimum oil preparations were minimal and tolerable. The base in which the oil was incorporated exerted considerable influence on the activity of the oil. The DA values were lowest with petrolatum base (oleaginous) and highest with alcohol and cetomacrogol blend bases (hydrophilic).
Conclusion
A topical preparation containing 2% Ocimum oil in cetomacrogol blend base is well tolerated and more effective in the management of acne vulgaris than benzoyl peroxide 10% lotion.
We introduce cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia (CYP-IA) in C57BL-6 mice as a clinically relevant model for studying the biology of chemotherapy-induced alopecia and for developing anti-alopecia drugs. One injection of CYP to mice with all back skin follicles in anagen VI induces severe alopecia that strikingly reproduces the follicle response, recovery, and histopathology seen in human CYP-IA. CYP dose-dependently induces abnormal follicular melanogenesis and dystrophic anagen or, in more severely damaged follicles, dystrophic catagen. Both dystrophy forms are followed by an extremely shortened telogen phase, but differ in the associated hair loss and in recovery patterns, which determines hair regrowth. This follicular response to CYP can be manipulated pharmacologically: systemic cyclosporine A shifts it toward a mild form of dystrophic anagen, thus retarding CYP-IA and prolonging "primary recovery". Topical dexamethasone, in contrast, forces follicles into dystrophic catagen, which augments CYP-IA, but accelerates the regrowth of normally pigmented hair ("secondary recovery").
Using a murine model that mimics chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in humans particularly well, we show here that in contrast to previously reported CIA-protective effects in neonatal rats, topical calcitriol does not prevent CIA in adolescent mice but enhances the regrowth of normally pigmented hair shafts. When, prior to injecting 1 X 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide i.p., 0.2 microg calcitriol or vehicle alone were administered topically to the back skin of C57BL/6 mice with all hair follicles in anagen, no significant macroscopic differences in the onset and severity of CIA were seen. However, hair shaft regrowth after CIA, which is often retarded and patchy, thus displaying severe and sometimes persistent pigmentation disorders, was significantly accelerated, enhanced, and qualitatively improved in test compared with control mice. Histomorphometric analysis suggests that this is related to the fact that calcitriol-pretreated follicles favor the "dystrophic catagen pathway" of response to chemical injury, ie., a follicular repair strategy allowing for the unusually fast reconstruction of a new, undamaged anagen hair bulb. Thus, it may be unrealistic to expect that topical calcitriol can prevent human CIA, but topical calcitriols may well enhance the regrowth of a normal hair coat.
Several drugs are able to influence hair growth, resulting in hair loss (effluvium) or hypertrichosis. Clinical symptoms are the result of interactions between the drug and various cells important for hair growth, such as follicular keratinocytes, cells of the matrix, and those of connective tissue surrounding the bulb and perifollicular blood vessels. Especially the keratinocytes of the hair follicle are a major target for toxic effects by environmental agents or xenobiotics. One reason for this is that up to 90% of all hair follicles are in a phase of rapid growth, and the high blood flow rate around hair bulbs results in a good bioavailability of many compounds (Orfanos et al. 1976; Zaun 1986). Another reason may be that follicular keratinocytes are capable of much more enzymatic activity in metabolizing exogenous compounds than are other keratinocytes (Wattenberg and Leong 1970). This has been shown by the assessment of enzyme-dependent activities, by histochemical analysis and by immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies that react with cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes (Merk et al. 1984; Wattenberg and Leong 1970).
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology publishes basic and clinical research in cutaneous biology and skin disease.
Es wird über das klinische Bild und den Pathomechanismus der Endoxan-Alopecie berichtet. Auf die Beziehungen zur Alopecia areata und zu anderen temporären Alopecien wird hingewiesen. Ursächliche Bedeutung für die Entstehung der Endoxan-Alopecie wird den unter Endoxan-Einfluß zustande kommenden Stoffwechselstörungen der mitotischaktiven Haarmatrixzellen zugemessen. Der Grad der Dysfermentie der mitotisch-aktiven Haarmatrix ist bestimmend für die eintretenden Folgen, die im einzelnen dargestellt sind.
Anticancer drugs stimulate apoptosis in the hair follicles (HF) and cause hair loss, the most common side effect of chemotherapy. In a mouse model for chemotherapy-induced hair loss, we demonstrate that p53 is essential for this process: in contrast to wild-type mice, p53-deficient mice show neither hair loss nor apoptosis in the HF keratinocytes that maintained active proliferation after cyclophosphamide treatment. HF in p53 mutants are characterized by down-regulation of Fas and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 and by increased expression of Bcl-2. These observations indicate that local pharmacological inhibition of p53 may be useful to prevent chemotherapy-associated hair loss.