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Veganism as a Cultural Movement: A Relational Approach
Social Movement Studies
Abstract
Social movement scholars have long studied actors' mobilization into and continued involvement in social movement organizations. A more recent trend in social movement literature concerns cultural activism that takes place primarily outside of social movement organizations. Here I use the vegan movement to explore modes of participation in such diffuse cultural movements. As with many cultural movements, there are more practicing vegans than there are members of vegan movement organizations. Using data from ethnographic interviews with vegans, this article focuses on vegans who are unaffiliated with a vegan movement organization. The sample contains two distinctive groups of vegans – those in the punk subculture and those who were not – and investigates how they defined and practiced veganism differently. Taking a relational approach to the data, I analyze the social networks of these punk and non-punk vegans. Focusing on discourse, support, and network embeddedness, I argue that maintaining participation in the vegan movement depends more upon having supportive social networks than having willpower, motivation, or a collective vegan identity. This study demonstrates how culture and social networks function to provide support for cultural movement participation.
... As a social movement, veganism is currently in the bureaucratising stage, characterised by increased public awareness, co-optation and a shift from grassroots activism to mainstreaming (Jasper, 2008). While this may benefit the vegan movement, it also presents challenges related to commercial interests, where the movement's core values are at risk of being overshadowed by profit-driven motives from corporations who lack genuine alignment with vegan principles (Cherry, 2006). CBT would explain veganism as a response to these issues, unifying participants through a collective identity centred on ethical consumption and its social and environmental impacts (Ahlgrim, 2019). ...
... However, the influence of non-vegan corporations and consumers presents a more complex issue, as nearly half of the respondents feel that non-vegans have a significant impact on aspects such as product development and brand identity. The focus on profit-driven "plant-based" products by corporations can overshadow the movement's original social justice goals, reducing veganism to a market trend rather than a broader critique of animal exploitation and unsustainable consumption (Braunsberger and Flamm, 2019), which could lead to the decline of the movement (Cherry, E. 2006). This argument is drawn from social movement theory, which suggests that veganism is in the bureaucratise phase, characterised by mainstreaming, dilution of ideology and preceding the decline stage (Cherry, E. 2006 Figure 7 illustrates the responses to Question 27, which asks if businesses selling vegan products shape the ideology, perception and narrative of the vegan movement through their marketing campaigns. ...
... The focus on profit-driven "plant-based" products by corporations can overshadow the movement's original social justice goals, reducing veganism to a market trend rather than a broader critique of animal exploitation and unsustainable consumption (Braunsberger and Flamm, 2019), which could lead to the decline of the movement (Cherry, E. 2006). This argument is drawn from social movement theory, which suggests that veganism is in the bureaucratise phase, characterised by mainstreaming, dilution of ideology and preceding the decline stage (Cherry, E. 2006 Figure 7 illustrates the responses to Question 27, which asks if businesses selling vegan products shape the ideology, perception and narrative of the vegan movement through their marketing campaigns. The majority (64.7%) believe that businesses have some influence on the direction of the vegan movement, but they view other factors as more significant. ...
This study investigates veganism's transition from a radical ideology to a mainstream consumer trend. It focuses on the perceptions of vegan consumers in the United Kingdom, specifically examining their views on the branding and marketing of plant-based (PB) meat alternatives. This study explores how consumer identity, socio-psychological factors and product marketing affect purchasing behaviour. Findings reveal a complex relationship between personal beliefs, ethical convictions, and actual purchasing behaviour. The research also highlights mixed attitudes toward the influence of flexitarians and non-vegan groups on the vegan movement's cultural and ideological direction, as well as the interplay between corporations and grassroots activism.
... Felipe da Luz Colomé 7 Além disso, justifica-se a utilização do conceito de conversão, visto que, em consonância com a pesquisa de Herzog (1993), são identificadas similaridades 7 -no presente caso, principalmente relacionada a uma mudança radical da visão de mundo e identidade dos entrevistados -entre a adesão ao veganismo e a conversão religiosa. Nesses termos, não obstante o veganismo não se tratar de uma crença religiosa e poder ser interpretado como uma ideologia 8 (Celka, 2012) ou um movimento cultural difuso (Cherry, 2006), esse conceito é pertinente para pensar a adoção do veganismo como um processo de conversão que implica a adesão a um sistema de valores que passa a moldar diferentes aspectos da vida daqueles que se tornam veganos, com impactos na construção identitária de seus adeptos. ...
... 18 A importância dessas redes de relacionamento para o processo de conversão ao veganismo indica que elas podem contribuir para o contato inicial com as práticas e discursos relacionados ao veganismo. Em consonância com os achados do presente trabalho, a pesquisa de Cherry (2006) também aponta para a importância fundamental das redes de sociabilidade 19 prévias para a adesão ao v.14 -e141286 ...
... Nesse estudo, a autora indica a inserção na subcultura punk como um fator importante na adesão e manutenção do engajamento dos indivíduos no veganismo. Conforme Cherry (2006), as redes de sociabilidade estabelecidas entre os atores inseridos na subcultura punk contribuem para criar um repertório discursivo que auxilia os veganos punks a moldar o seu "mundo social", dando suporte aos seus engajamentos. Destaca-se ainda o fato de que todos os punks veganos entrevistados pela autora eram punks antes de serem veganos. ...
O artigo analisa o processo de conversão ao veganismo. Para isso, com base na adaptação de um modelo de análise de conversão religiosa, discutem-se as diferentes etapas do processo de conversão ao veganismo com base em entrevistas realizadas com adeptos no Brasil e Canadá, atentando para as motivações e valores mobilizados pelos atores e como eles justificam a sua adesão a esse modo de vida. As conclusões apontam que o processo de conversão ao veganismo é fortemente marcado por operações de racionalização e reflexão sobre o sofrimento animal, que são articuladas por sentimentos morais e emoções. Ademais, ele é caracterizado pela politização crescente dos discursos e práticas que integram esse modo de vida.
... Identity politics, a term originating from feminist contexts but extended to other social struggles (Bernstein, 2005), has been discussed about veganism. Furthermore, the concept of lifestyle has been crucial in shaping worldviews within veganism (Cherry, 2006): in social movements' literature, veganism has been often read as a classic example of a lifestyle movement (Bertuzzi, 2017;Haenfler et al., 2012). Being a lifestyle movement makes it more difficult to identify the precise boundaries of who is in and who is out. ...
... Altruistic motivations, such as concerns for animal rights (Cherry, 2006;Wrenn, 2011), climate change (Rosi et al., 2017), future generations (Deckers, 2011), and issues like zoonosis and the spread of pandemics (Singer, 2020), also contribute to the choice of veganism. However, personal motivations, such as improving physical and mental health, remain significant (DaSilva et al., 2020). ...
... In summary, the motivations for embracing a vegan lifestyle are diverse and shape the self-representations of vegans. In light of the different empirical evidence relating to vegan individuals, various typological proposals have been advanced in the literature (Cherry, 2006(Cherry, , 2015Greenebaum, 2012;Larsson et al., 2003). Jessica Greenebaum (2012) proposed one of the most influential. ...
In this article, we examine the expressions of veganism on Facebook, a main social media platform worldwide, through a combination of classic qualitative social science and computational methods. Building on a foundational typology proposed by Jessica Greenebaum, we adopt Weber’s ‘ideal types’ to analyze a broad range of online vegan expressions, using Max Reinert’s algorithm to identify distinct ‘lexical worlds’ of vegan discourses in 200,000 vegan-related messages published over a decade (2010–2020). Our analysis leads to a nuanced typology based on individual versus collective focus and inward versus outward orientation, uncovering four primary functions of social media in veganism: self-documentation and resource sharing, advocacy and education, identity and community formation, and support and mobilization. The research also advances methodological approaches in social media analysis by integrating traditional qualitative insights with computational Big Data techniques.
... Micro and macro theories concerning identity have been central to cross-disciplinary discourse amongst social scientists. Identity theory (IT) (Burke & Stets, 2009;McCall & Simmons, 1966;Stets & Serpe, 2013;Stryker & Burke, 2000) and social identity theory (SIT) (Abrams & Hogg, 2004, 2006Hogg, 2018;Hogg & Ridgeway, 2003;Turner et al., 1987) reside in the parallel yet distinct disciplines of sociology and psychology, respectively. Researchers from both fields have called for a synthesis of IT and SIT in an effort to create a holistic theory of identity in social life. ...
... SIT posits that inter-and intragroup relations drive social identity processes (Abrams & Hogg, 2004, 2006Hogg, 2018;Hogg & Ridgeway, 2003;Turner et al., 1987). Groups are described as 'collective[s] of similar persons all of whom identify with each other, see themselves and each other in similar ways, and hold similar views, all in contrast to members of outgroups' (Stets & Burke, 2000, p. 228). ...
... We instantiated this through the identity of veganism to test whether IT hypotheses would predict collective identity outcomes. Veganism was selected since it is not only an individual consumption choice but also connects to larger sociocultural practices (e.g., activism, politics, social movements) (Cherry, 2006(Cherry, , 2015Greenebaum, 2012). Thus, veganism constitutes a social category (IT) that also includes collective identity (SIT) via animal rights advocacy. ...
... One of the characteristic elements of this movement is adopting a plant-based diet (Cherry, 2006;Gheihman, 2021), where individuals must relearn how to eat and cook while moving away from hegemonic culinary norms. Although people from various social classes choose this lifestyle (Giacoman et al., 2021), veganism is often perceived as a practice associated with the elite (Greenebaum, 2018). ...
... Veganism is expressed in a new classification of edible and inedible foods, excluding from the diet foods commonly consumed in omnivorous cuisine, such as meat, milk and cheese (Cherry, 2006). These new classifications lead to new daily eating and consumption practices, redefining a new lifestyle (Twine, 2017(Twine, , 2018Giacoman et al., 2023b). ...
Introduction
Veganism is a movement that avoids consuming animal products. This lifestyle is commonly represented as elitist despite the broad range of people who follow it. Using Bourdieu's taste theory, this study analyzes how personal culinary tastes of different social classes generate favorable (or unfavorable) dispositions to adopting veganism.
Methods
We analyzed 73 biographical interviews with 40 young vegans in three different waves.
Results
The findings reveal that all social classes exhibit favorable dispositions towards veganism. In upper-class individuals, dispositions to embrace healthy and exotic food facilitate the adoption of new flavors and reflexivity in eating practices. Conversely, lower-class individuals have traditional meatless culinary practices rooted in their restricted budget, facilitating the transition to a plant-based diet.
Discussion
These results demonstrate the relevance of social class in understanding the diversity of vegan practices, and they contribute to breaking stereotypes around this movement.
... In addition, they can help vegans to increase their social well-being and provide a supportive atmosphere to sustain their way of life (Maurer, 2002). Through vegan networks and events, people with similar values and opinions can come together and feel part of a larger community (Cherry, 2006). ...
... Thus, social aspects of a vegan-friendly destination are considered indispensable. This is also highlighted by authors such as Cherry (2006), who remarks that individuals can be supported in their vegan lifestyle thanks to social and cultural networks. Such networks can be developed via social events including festivals and other gatherings. ...
... hiçbir ürünü kullanmamaktadırlar. Etik veganlık insanların beslenme alışkanlıklarından ve yaşam tarzlarından hayvansal ürünlerin çıkarılmasına odaklandığı için, veganlık çoğunlukla hayvan hakları hareketinin ana hedefi veya yöntemi olarak görülmektedir17 . Bu sayede yumuşak açık pembe et elde etmek için buzağıların dar alanlarda tutulması ve yeni doğan buzağının 40 kg iken bu şekilde 180 kg'a ulaştırılması 18 , tavuk kanatlarının kafeslere takılmasından dolayı kesilmesi, hayvanların birbirlerini gagalamalarını engellemek için gagalarının bir kısmının kesilmesi, yumurta üretiminde kullanılmayan erkek civcivlerin öldürülmesi, tüylerinin kolay yolunabilmesi amacıyla tavukların canlı şekilde kaynar suya atılması 19,20 kürklerinin zarar görmemesi için yavru fok balıklarının kafalarına vurularak öldürülmesi gibi birçok uygulamanın önüne geçileceği düşünülmektedir.Sağlıklı gıda ürünlerine olan talebin giderek artması 37 , sürdürülebilir bir dünya için ekolojik anlamda su ve gıda eşitliğinin sağlanmaya çalışılması, hayvan haklarının koruması, et endüstrisinin çevreye verdiği zararları önlenmesi ve küresel kıtlığa çözüm bulunması noktasında veganlığın ön plana çıktığı anlaşılmıştır. ...
Yeryüzünde tüketici gereksinimlerinin sonsuz ve insanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilecekleri kaynakların kıt olması, hem günlük hayatta hem de üretim süreçlerinde insanları kaynakları kullanırken daha verimli olmaya zorlarken bu kullanılan kaynakların da gelecek nesiller tarafından kullanılması gerektiği düşüncesi beraberinde gelmektedir. Gelecek kuşaklara kullanılan tüm kaynakların dengeli bir şekilde aktarılması hususunda düşük karbon ayak izi, su tasarrufu, toprak ve arazi kullanımı, enerji tüketimi, kirlilik ve atık yönetimi ve gıda güvenliği gibi nedenlerle veganlık sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda vegan tüketim anlayışı, çevresel etkileri azaltma, doğal kaynakları koruma ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etme konularında büyük bir potansiyele sahip olan gastronomi trendi olarak literatürde yer almaktadır. Toplumların kendilerinden sonra gelen nesillere daha iyi bir gelecek bırakma isteği günümüzde daha bilinçli bir yapıda ilerlemekte ve insanların satın alma ve tüketim alışkanlıkları geleceğin sorumluluğu altında değişime uğramaktadır. İnsanların bu yöndeki satın alma davranışları da yaşam tarzlarını şekillendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda kitabın bu bölümünde vegan yaşam tarzına sahip kişilerin sürdürülebilirlik açısından motivasyon sebepleri açıklanarak vegan yaşam tarzının gıdaların sürdürülebilirliğine etkisi ve veganlığın çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarının sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında değerlendirilmesine yer verilmiştir.
... hiçbir ürünü kullanmamaktadırlar. Etik veganlık insanların beslenme alışkanlıklarından ve yaşam tarzlarından hayvansal ürünlerin çıkarılmasına odaklandığı için, veganlık çoğunlukla hayvan hakları hareketinin ana hedefi veya yöntemi olarak görülmektedir17 . Bu sayede yumuşak açık pembe et elde etmek için buzağıların dar alanlarda tutulması ve yeni doğan buzağının 40 kg iken bu şekilde 180 kg'a ulaştırılması 18 , tavuk kanatlarının kafeslere takılmasından dolayı kesilmesi, hayvanların birbirlerini gagalamalarını engellemek için gagalarının bir kısmının kesilmesi, yumurta üretiminde kullanılmayan erkek civcivlerin öldürülmesi, tüylerinin kolay yolunabilmesi amacıyla tavukların canlı şekilde kaynar suya atılması 19,20 kürklerinin zarar görmemesi için yavru fok balıklarının kafalarına vurularak öldürülmesi gibi birçok uygulamanın önüne geçileceği düşünülmektedir.Sağlıklı gıda ürünlerine olan talebin giderek artması 37 , sürdürülebilir bir dünya için ekolojik anlamda su ve gıda eşitliğinin sağlanmaya çalışılması, hayvan haklarının koruması, et endüstrisinin çevreye verdiği zararları önlenmesi ve küresel kıtlığa çözüm bulunması noktasında veganlığın ön plana çıktığı anlaşılmıştır. ...
Yeryüzünde tüketici gereksinimlerinin sonsuz ve insanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilecekleri kaynakların kıt olması, hem günlük hayatta hem de üretim süreçlerinde insanları kaynakları kullanırken daha verimli olmaya zorlarken bu kullanılan kaynakların da gelecek nesiller tarafından kullanılması gerektiği düşüncesi beraberinde gelmektedir. Gelecek kuşaklara kullanılan tüm kaynakların dengeli bir şekilde aktarılması hususunda düşük karbon ayak izi, su tasarrufu, toprak ve arazi kullanımı, enerji tüketimi, kirlilik ve atık yönetimi ve gıda güvenliği gibi nedenlerle veganlık sürdürülebilirlik açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda vegan tüketim anlayışı, çevresel etkileri azaltma, doğal kaynakları koruma ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etme konularında büyük bir potansiyele sahip olan gastronomi trendi olarak literatürde yer almaktadır. Toplumların kendilerinden sonra gelen nesillere daha iyi bir gelecek bırakma isteği günümüzde daha bilinçli bir yapıda ilerlemekte ve insanların satın alma ve tüketim alışkanlıkları geleceğin sorumluluğu altında değişime uğramaktadır. İnsanların bu yöndeki satın alma davranışları da yaşam tarzlarını şekillendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda kitabın bu bölümünde vegan yaşam tarzına sahip kişilerin sürdürülebilirlik açısından motivasyon sebepleri açıklanarak vegan yaşam tarzının gıdaların sürdürülebilirliğine etkisi ve veganlığın çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarının sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında değerlendirilmesine yer verilmiştir.
... Por otra parte, se identifican dificultades de tipo social, de apoyo familiar y profesional, e incluso de consecución de alimentos, que representan grandes retos para las familias vegetarianas, lo cual hace que se aíslen en el desarrollo de su práctica alimentaria. No obstante, autores como Cherry mencionan la esencialidad de tener redes sociales de apoyo para conservar la práctica del vegetarianismo 28 . También se identifica este aislamiento en cuanto a las prácticas en el ámbito escolar, donde el 40% de los niños reciben formación en casa, lo cual evidencia algunas prácticas alternativas de estilos de vida, adicionales a lo alimentario. ...
Vegetarianism is a growing food practice. This subject has characteristically been a habit for individuals, but it has not commonly been practiced by families. The objective of this study is to identify the difficulties in the food field experienced by families with children under 12 who follow vegetarian diets, based on their lived experience. A qualitative study based on lived experience was carried out to identify these difficulties using a semi-structured interview, which was answered by both the caregivers and some children. Sixteen families were interviewed, from which the analysis categories of “social and professional support” and “food alternatives” were derived. As a result of “social and professional support,” segmentation and exclusion were identified for having this type of diet, especially towards children; judgments regarding the upbringing of vegetarian infants come from family members and outsiders; and there is also little support from health personnel. In relation to “vegetarian alternatives,” families perceive it as a challenge to get their children to eat food that has been prepared at home and that provides the required nutrients. They generally cook everything at home, especially food for their children. There is also difficulty with vegetarian options because some are considered high-cost. It is concluded that having a vegetarian diet can cause segmentation and that it becomes more complex when families with children are involved.
... Vegans and vegetarians are one example of a community whose views of justice inform their daily choices; consumption is one of the primary ways of expressing veganism as a collective identity (Gheiman 2021). Partly due to their lack of power in party politics, vegans essentially choose consumption as the arena to exert their influence (Cherry 2006). ...
... Vegan leather is a recent innovation in the realm of sustainable fashion, crafted by repurposing leftovers or cultivating biological cells [47]. The term "vegan" inherently refers to food or products that are sourced without the use of animals and do not entail the exploitation or harm of animals [48]. The production of plant-based vegan leather begins with the careful selection of plant materials such as pineapple leaves [49]. ...
The leather industry, grounded in ancient practices, utilizes animal skins composed of collagen protein polymer as materials. This versatile animal-based material is crucial for crafting items like shoes, clothing, and car interiors. While animal-based leather has faced criticisms for environmental challenges in the production process, including wastewater and solid waste generation, as well as concerns about animal ethics, it holds numerous merits compared to synthetic leather and plant-based vegan leather. This paper reviews the advantages of animal-based leather and its potential medical application. The widespread use of animal leather reveals that, despite the passage of time, it remains an important material for humans. The benefits of animal-based leather, in comparison to synthetic leather and plant-based vegan leather, encompass biodegradability, biocompatibility, natural feel and aesthetics, breathability, durability, and longevity. Animal-based leather has been utilized in various medical applications, including pharmaceuticals, sensors, and medical implants.
These advantages could make animal-based leather more suitable for manufacturing medical implants compared to alternatives. Therefore, this paper suggests further development of medical equipment and materials based on animal-based leather to promote human health.
... O aumento considerável do número de adeptos ao veganismo nos últimos anos tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de estudos acadêmicos com análises interdisciplinares sobre o tema. Vários autores defendem que o veganismo é um movimento social cujo alcance pode ser verificado em muitos países (CHERRY, 2006;VALENÇA;CARBONAI, 2014;PEREIRA, 2019). Entre as suas principais motivações, encontram-se as discussões ideológicas, éticas, estéticas e ecológicas. ...
Resumo: A preocupação da sociedade acerca dos direitos dos animais, a interação entre saúde e meio ambiente, assim como o bem-estar pessoal estão entre os principais motivos que explicam o crescimento do veganismo como prática alimentar contemporânea. Apesar de estar presente nos espaços construídos pelos movimentos sociais, essa temática ainda é pouco explorada no meio científico, especialmente no campo da Geografia. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como o veganismo vem sendo estudado pela Geografia, além de identificar as principais teorias utilizadas e temáticas tangenciadas. Como metodologia, adotou-se a análise bibliométrica para averiguar objetivamente a contribuição do conhecimento científico acerca do tema. Foram pesquisados artigos científicos em três bases de dados, a partir da busca das palavras-chave "veganismo e geografia". Após filtragens, foram selecionados 14 artigos, cujas características foram tabeladas e analisadas. Dentro da Geografia, as áreas mais centrais nas investigações sobre o veganismo foram: Geografia Humana, Geografia da Alimentação e Geografia Econômica. Devido à importância do tema para questões ambientais e de sustentabilidade, reforça-se a necessidade de se desenvolver mais estudos sobre o veganismo, na busca por respostas eficazes às demandas cada vez mais urgentes do antropoceno. Abstract: Society's concern about animal rights, the interaction between health and the environment, as well as personal well-being are among the main reasons that explain the growth of veganism as a contemporary food practice. Despite being present in social movements, this theme is still less explored by science, especially Geography. This paper aims to analyze how veganism has been studied by Geography, besides identifying the main theories used and tangent themes. As a methodology, bibliometric analysis was carried out to objectively verify the contribution of scientific knowledge on the subject. We searched scientific papers in three databases, applying the keywords "veganism and geography". After filtering, 14 articles were selected, whose attributes were tabulated and analyzed. Within geography, the most central areas in veganism investigations are Human Geography, Food Geography, and Economic Geography. Due to the importance of the theme for environmental and sustainability issues, we reinforce the need to develop more studies on veganism to find more effective responses to the increasingly urgent demands of the Anthropocene. GEOGRAFÍA Y VEGANISMO: UM ESTUDIO BIBLIOMÉTRICO Resumen: La preocupación de la sociedad por los derechos de los animales, la interacción entre salud y medio ambiente, así como el bienestar personal se encuentran entre las principales razones que explican el crecimiento del veganismo como práctica dietética contemporánea. A pesar de estar presente en los espacios construidos por los movimientos sociales, este tema aún es poco explorado en el mundo científico, especialmente en el campo de la Geografía. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo el veganismo ha sido estudiado por la Geografía, además de identificar las principales teorías utilizadas y temas relacionados. Como metodología se adoptó el análisis bibliométrico para investigar objetivamente el aporte del conocimiento científico sobre el tema. Se buscaron artículos científicos en tres bases de datos, utilizando las palabras clave "veganismo y geografía". Luego del filtrado se seleccionaron 14 artículos, cuyas características fueron tabuladas y analizadas. Dentro de la Geografía, las áreas más centrales en las investigaciones sobre el veganismo fueron: Geografía Humana, Geografía de los Alimentos y Geografía Económica. Debido a la importancia del tema para las cuestiones ambientales y de sostenibilidad, se refuerza la necesidad de desarrollar más estudios sobre el veganismo, en la búsqueda de respuestas efectivas a las demandas cada vez más urgentes del antropoceno.
... While contemporary vegetarianism is a relatively modern phenomenon in 20th-century Western cultures, emphasizing antianthropocentrism and anti-speciesism (Wrenn, 2019;Kalte, 2021;Gheihman, 2021;Cherry, 2006;Ophélie, 2016), its roots in China are deep-seated, intertwined with Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This philosophical and healthoriented heritage has seen vegetarianism woven into the fabric of Chinese dietary practices (Simoons, 2014;He, 2013). ...
The shift to a vegetarian diet has multiple benefits, including the promotion of public health, sustainability, and animal welfare. Despite these advantages, vegetarian food choices often provoke controversy, particularly on social media platforms. On International Vegetarian Day 2021, renowned Chinese actress Zhang Jingchu endorsed a documentary titled “Vegetarian” on Weibo, igniting widespread discussion among Chinese netizens. Considering China’s deep cultural and practical roots in vegetarianism, the predominantly negative response to the documentary was surprising. This study employs frame analysis to dissect the portrayal of vegetarianism in the documentary, utilizing topic modeling based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation and sentiment analysis to examine over 26,000 related comments. Our findings indicate that the documentary predominantly utilizes health and ethical frames to represent vegetarianism, with a greater emphasis on ethical considerations. Topic modeling of the comments uncovered 14 topics that reflect netizens’ dissatisfaction with various facets of the vegetarian advocacy presented in the documentary. Moreover, the comments reveal three primary strategies netizens use to justify meat consumption and alleviate cognitive dissonance: rationalization of meat eating, skepticism towards vegetarianism, and resistance to the advocacy message of “Vegetarian”. The results imply that for vegetarian advocacy to be more effective, it should align with local everyday concerns, food culture, and the current stage of social development.
... A 2006 relational study concluded that veganism is a "diffuse" cultural movement in which social networks play an enormous role in sustaining a vegan lifestyle and thus the vegan movement as such; it is not a solitary practice [71]. Furthermore, veganism is context-specific [5] and subject to intersecting social dynamics such as gender, ethnicity, sexuality, or religion [72]. ...
This article explores the factors influencing the choice of general practitioners (GPs) and their role in the health care of vegans in Austria. The number of people identifying as vegan is on the rise, and GPs are increasingly confronted with vegan patients. A qualitative method was chosen for this study, and 14 semi-structured interviews with vegans were conducted between April 2022 and July 2022. Participants were recruited primarily through vegan social media groups. In their experiences with health care, vegans felt treated unequally or sometimes incorrectly. The experiences described highlight that participants felt that most GPs were biased against their veganism. Information exchange among vegans primarily takes place online and through publications of vegan associations, while GPs play a minor role in information provision. As the number of vegans grows, an appreciative way of communicating between GPs and vegan patients ought to be promoted. Voluntary interdisciplinary nutritional training, collaboration of the medical field with support organizations, provision of evidence-based information, and collaboration with dietitians and nutritionists could enrich the care of patients with a vegan diet.
... For Vilela (2017), both boycotts and buycotts (intentional buying of brands that make commitments considered more ethical than conventional brands), actions considered as activism, can be considered "central elements" in the lifestyle of vegetarians (and vegans in 7 particular), in that "(...) constitute a first way to materialize ideas and values of animal abolitionism and, for this very reason, become significant tools of action and political expression" (Vilela, 2017, p. 353). According to Cherry (2006), veganism and vegetarianism can be seen as a new form of cultural activism that occurs independently and apart from a formal organization of social movement. It's what Monticelli and Della Porta (2019) called "individualized collective action," and what Portilho (2020) calls "second-generation food activism." ...
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the role of human values and pro-environmental, vegetarian and activist behaviors in the formation of, here called, Expanded Sustainable Behavior. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework was divided into five parts: Theory of Planned Behavior; Schwartz's Theory of Values; pro-environmental behavior; behavioral profile of vegetarians, and consumers as activists. Based on the theoretical framework, a framework was created based on the 10 hypotheses outlined in the study. Method/design/approach: This is a survey carried out with 211 vegetarians and their variations. Data collection occurred through the application of a self-administered questionnaire, using non-probabilistic, cross-sectional sampling. Regarding the analysis, descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques were used. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that the values of self-transcendence and conservation do not influence pro-environmental attitudes. However, the values of self-enhancement and openness to change influence pro-environmental attitudes: the first in a negative way and the second in a positive way. Furthermore, pro-environmental behavior is formed by attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, being in line with what the TCP suggests. Regarding Expanded Sustainable Behavior, it was observed that pro-environmental behavior does not lead to vegetarian behavior. On the other hand, activism is positively influenced by pro-environmental and vegetarian behaviors. Research implications: Based on the knowledge developed and presented in this study, it is expected to stimulate empirical research that analyzes sustainable behavior in its different dimensions, with its multiple influences, in addition to expanding the discussion on issues of sustainability and conscious consumption. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature as it proposes the concept of Expanded Sustainable Behavior which emerges from the chain of pro-environmental, vegetarian, and activist behaviors, as well as their connections and mutual influences. Thus, the study signals that it is possible to expand the analysis of sustainable behavior and study it with a diverse number of variables, covering both personal and collective dimensions.
... As a consequence, veganism as a cultural movement can be interpreted as an overarching ideology that does not only include a certain type of diet, but "work as a catalyst to make the connections among various stances revolving around ethics, environmental sustainability [...]", as Ulusoy states (2015, p. 419). In line with this, research has already demonstrated close associations between veganism and other movements such as environmentalism movements (Cherry, 2006). For instance, the global environmental movement Fridays for Future, whose goal it is to pressure policymakers into taking severe actions against the progressive global warming (Who We Are, n.d.), is also supportive of a vegan lifestyle. ...
In the current article, we explore and compare the moral-foundations-profile of vegetarians, vegans, and meat eaters and investigate how it is related to real-world behavior. Results of two surveys demonstrate a link between eating behavior, moral foundations, environmental behavior, and feminist ideals. We demonstrate that vegans place greater value on individualizing foundations (i.e., Harm and Fairness) and meat eaters on binding foundations (i.e., Authority and Loyalty), while vegetarians fall in between these poles. In addition, we observed that in other behavioral domains requiring moral assessment (e.g., sustainable behavior, fair trade shopping), people act in accordance with the moral foundations matching their dietary choice as well. We propose that the psychological basis of diet choice is embedded in the broader framework of moral foundations theory and that eating behavior is not a psychologically encapsulated domain but intertwined with other domains of moral behavior.
... Vegan leather, a leather-like material made from plant sources, is one such innovation. Vegan, by definition, means food or commodities that are not derived from animals and which do not involve exploiting or endangering animals ("Vegan Leather: What It Is and Why It Belongs in Your Closet | PETA", n.d.) (Cherry 2006). The vegan movement has popped up as a significant area in the textile as well as fashion industry (Seo and Suh 2019). ...
The textile industry is the only one which has utilised all kinds of resources available in nature, and the evolution of textile materials has drastically hampered nature as well. Leather and fur are a few of the classic examples of materials derived from animals that have attracted dialogues about animal rights and ethical sourcing. To substitute animal-based leather, numerous materials have been manufactured synthetically and semi-synthetically. This review article discusses various types of leather, viz., bovine leather, poromerics, leatherette, plant-based vegan leather, and the sustainable alternatives available in the market as well as at the inductive research phase. The article is a comprehensive review of the leather and its commercially available alternatives along with their marketing strategy, and technical details. The article also compiles insight into the processing, and the components of vegan leather and the environmental issues related to them. The sustainability and circularity of processing in manufacturing vegan leather have also been discussed, with biodegradability as the focal point.
... Previous studies of sustainable lifestyle movements show that constructing coherent self-identity (Lorenzen 2012), accessing tangible tips for lifestyle change (Spiteri 2021), having supportive communities (Cherry 2015;Spiteri 2021), and participating through interpersonal connections (Cherry 2006;Kim-Marriott 2021;Pedersen 2017) as important factors of movements' recruitment and maintenance. Several recent studies about the zero waste movement on social media focus on descriptive summaries of specific types of activities in Instagram zero waste communities (Spiteri 2021), frequently mentioned actions related to packaging waste under the #zerowaste hashtag on Twitter (Ganczewski and Jemielniak 2022), and the trend of female-dominant users' promotional activities under #zerowaste hashtag on Instagram (Ramjaun 2021). ...
... Por su parte, Elisabeth Cherry (2006) investiga la importancia del apoyo entre activistas y de las redes que se crean en el interior de los movimientos, así como sus repercusiones en la consolidación de comunidades activistas más sólidas y con convicciones éticas más fuertes y duraderas en el tiempo. Otras aproximaciones, como la de Taylor (2005), aportan información relevante en torno a los valores y prácticas de las activistas antiespecistas, en este caso en relación a la ciencia. ...
En esta investigación se examinan los contenidos audiovisuales sobre violencia hacia
los animales considerados de granja que han resultado efectivos a una muestra de doce personas veganas y activistas por la liberación animal en el Estado español, concretamente en las ciudades de Madrid y Barcelona. La muestra se caracteriza por la amplia diversidad interna de las personas entrevistadas (en cuanto a edad, identidad cultural e identidad de género, entre otras). Con el eje situado en el nivel de violencia explícita y a partir de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales se han rastreado i) los contenidos visuales y audiovisuales influyentes para los activistas en sus procesos de adopción del veganismo y de involucramiento en el activismo antiespecista y ii) qué imágenes y videos han demostrado ser más efectivos en su trabajo activista. La principal conclusión es que la eficacia de la violencia explícita en las imágenes varía según el contexto de la persona receptora pero existe un potencial de uso relevante para ella, que queda demostrado por las experiencias de la muestra entrevistada para este trabajo.
... It is also important to note that there are many factors affecting what and how people eat, including economic, political, environmental, affective, and embodied ones (see Arppe 2011;Carolan 2016;Cherry 2006;Clay et al. 2020;Hayes-Conroy and Hayes-Conroy 2008;Hayes-Conroy and Hayes-Conroy 2013;Lonkila and Kaljonen 2021;Oliver 2021). While these are all vital subjects of analysis, this article focuses specifically on the relationship between plant-based counterparts to animal products and the historical dialectic between consumer motivations across different eras and the technological innovations in plant-based protein manipulation that responded to and shaped consumers' sensorial desires. ...
Industrial animal agriculture is a significant driver of climate change, habitat loss, and the ongoing extinction crisis, all of which will continue to accelerate as global demand for animal products grows. Plant-based alternatives to animal products, which have existed for over a thousand years, offer a potential solution to this problem, as the intersection of recent technological innovation and shifting capital investment trends have ushered in a new era of alternative proteins that are redefining food categories like meat, eggs, and milk. To better understand these evolving food forms, their attendant technologies, and the opportunities they afford for ameliorating the impacts of industrial animal farming, this article provides a genealogy of plant-based alternative proteins, with a particular focus on the current era and the role that design principles like biomimicry and skeuomorphism play in reproducing the organoleptic properties (the sensorial, experiential aspects) of animal products. Comparing the alternative protein market to other markets in which more sustainable foods and energy have failed to displace their environmentally destructive counterparts, it concludes by considering if whether creating novel new protein forms, rather than imitating conventional animal products, may afford a more promising path toward transformation of the food system.
... Bireysel olarak da ekoloji merkezli, sürdürülebilir yaşam biçimlerinin çeşitlenmesi ve yaygınlaşması da söz konusu. İnsanların yaşam ve beslenme tarzlarından tüm hayvansal gıdaları ve diğer hayvan sömürüsüne dayalı ürünleri çıkardığı kültürel bir hareket olan veganlık (Cherry, 2006) bu trendlerden biri. Benzer şekilde hayvanların öldürülmesine karşı olan, kendisini hayvanların da yaşama hakkı olduğu bir doğada tanımlayan ve bu nedenle et tüketimini reddeden insanların benimsediği yaşam biçimi olan vejetaryenlik (Ruby, 2012) de öne çıkan alternatifler arasında. ...
ÖZ:Nihayetinde insanların refahına yönelen, ancak kısıtlı ve ayrıcalıklı kitlelere fayda sağlamaktan öteye gidemeyen yönetsel çalışmalara yeni bakışlar gerekli. Dünyada insan nüfusunun yedi milyarı aşması ile yaşanan aşırı kaynak tüketimi, küresel ısınma, biyoçeşitliliğin yitimi ve türlerin kırımı gibi krizlerin aşılabilmesi için yönetim çalışmalarına alternatifler getirilmelidir. Değer odaklı bir süreç olması beklenen inovasyona post-hümanist bir yaklaşım, ihtiyaç duyulan yeni bakışlar setine bir alternatif olarak dahil edilebilir. Bu çalışma, insan odaklı inovasyonun da ötesine geçerek post-hümanist bir anlayışla doğa, insan ve teknolojinin ortak varoluşunu önemseyen bir inovasyona odaklanıyor. İnovasyon sürecinin tüm canlıların yaşama hakkını koruyacak ve garanti altına alacak yaklaşımlarla yürütülmesine yönelik değerlerin geliştirilmesi ve yerleştirilmesi olarak post-hümanist inovasyon, hem insanların hem de insan haricindeki tüm canlıların maruz kaldığı sömürü mekanizmaları görünür kılabilir ve bunları durduracak önerilerin sunulmasına yardımcı olabilir. Biz de, post-hümanist inovasyonun kapsamını ve yönetsel yaklaşımlardaki muhtemel dönüştürücü etkilerini ele aldık. Yapay zeka kullanarak gelişen ve inovasyona dayalı büyüyen bir sektör olan gig ekonomi üzerinden post-hümanist inovasyona olan gereksinimi ortaya koyduk. Bunun için de pandemi döneminde hak ihlallerinin yoğun olarak gözlemlenmekte olduğu moto kuryeli teslimat sektörüne odaklandık. Gig ekonominin insan, doğa ve teknoloji arasındaki dengesiz ilişkileri teşvik edici olmasına mercek tutarak, teknoloji odaklı inovasyondan post-hümanist inovasyona geçişte değerler önerdik.
ABSTRACT: There are calls for innovative perspectives that promote human welfare in the field of management studies. However, these calls tend to prioritize human welfare over nature and technology.
In this paper, as an alternative, we propose the post-humanist approach to innovation, which offers to consider the excessive resource consumption, the misuse of technology, the global warming, the loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species, which are exacerbated with the global human population exceeding seven billion. By going beyond human-centred innovation, this paper considers the relationship between nature, humans and technology with a post-humanist understanding and attaches importance to the coexistence paradigm. Post-humanist innovation that decentred human interests may make the exploitation of all life forms, nature and technology visible and help develop the precautions to prevent such exploitation. We discuss the scope of post-humanist innovation and its possible transformative effects on management approaches. We demonstrate the need for post-humanist innovation by examining the gig economy, a growing industry which is driven by artificial intelligence (AI) led innovation. To this end, we bring our focus closer to the AI led courier delivery industry, and problematise the exploitation that was observed in the sector during the Covid-19 pandemic. Exploring how the gig economy promotes an imbalanced relationship between human beings, nature, and technology, we propose values and pathways for effective transition from technology-oriented innovation to post-humanist innovation. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Background & Purpose: Post-humanism is a philosophical approach arising from the inadequacies of anthropocentric humanism. It is an alternative born with the recognition that humanism alone cannot prevent crises which arise from developments in technology, environmental and climate change. To address the asymmetrical power relations, in favour of humans, between humans, nature, and technology, the post-humanist approach is developed. Post-humanism, which has multiple variants and definitions, has an egalitarian version, which accepts all living things in nature as equal and adopts the principle of coexistence among them and new technology such as artificial intelligence. The inability of humanist and anti-humanist perspectives to develop an understanding that will fully balance the relations between humans, nature and technology strengthens the need for post-humanism that transcends the dialectical relationship between humanism and anti-humanism that has been going on for centuries.
... [14,21,49]]. This geographical dominance, which could be due to multiple causes beyond the scope of this article (e.g., greater number of researchers, potential for research funding, availability of technology, and trajectory of veganism), is a major constraint to advancing knowledge on VEG, given that both human-animal relationships and food consumption are strongly influenced by cultural factors [281,282]. Accordingly, several criticisms have emerged, claiming that research on VEG is racially biased and strongly appropriated by Western culture [165]. ...
Meat production and consumption are sources of animal cruelty, responsible for several environmental problems and human health diseases, and contribute to social inequality. Vegetarianism and veganism (VEG) are two alternatives that align with calls for a transition to more ethical, sustainable, and healthier lifestyles. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review of 307 quantitative studies on VEG (from 1978 to 2023), collected from the Web of Science in the categories of psychology, behavioral science, social science, and consumer behavior. For a holistic view of the literature and to capture its multiple angles, we articulated our objectives by responding to the variables of “WHEN,” “WHERE,” “WHO,” “WHAT,” “WHY,” “WHICH,” and “HOW” (6W1H) regarding the VEG research. Our review highlighted that quantitative research on VEG has experienced exponential growth with an unbalanced geographical focus, accompanied by an increasing richness but also great complexity in the understating of the VEG phenomenon. The systematic literature review found different approaches from which the authors studied VEG while identifying methodological limitations. Additionally, our research provided a systematic view of factors studied on VEG and the variables associated with VEG-related behavior change. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature in the field of VEG by mapping the most recent trends and gaps in research, clarifying existing findings, and suggesting directions for future research.
... In recent decades the political sustainability of pluralism has been challenged by phenomena like the advancement of medicine and bioethical dilemmas (Turner, 2004), the management of immigration (multiculturalism) (Tempelman, 1999;Parekh, 2002), new dietary habits (e.g. veganism) (Cherry, 2006)1. In this article we want to point to the existence of a new challenge for pluralism in liberal democracies deriving from information and communication technologies, in particular from the current "Internet of platforms". ...
According to Berlin, Rawls and Arendt, a democratic system should be characterised by a public language through which to communicate. However, digital platforms lead to individuals closing themselves off in echo chambers and filter bubbles. In this paper we attempt to model some scenarios in order to determine the potential consequences of the development of digital platforms on democratic pluralism. The driving forces are the polarisation on the Internet and the possible role of liberal democratic institutions in promoting "reasonable" pluralism. In the final section, we suggest five possible actions that could mitigate the problem of online polarisation.
... "Human-Food Practices" (Khot and Mueller, 2019) range from food production, growing, shopping, eating, and cooking to food disposal and are studied from a range of perspectives (Comber et al., 2014) such as social identity (Fischler, 1988), choice and ethics (Kaplan and Thompson, 2019), and shifting culture (e.g. (Cherry, 2006),). This resulted in a variety of design spaces that were explored through different interventions and design approaches. ...
Over the last three years, COVID-19, with its lockdowns, social restrictions, and work from home structures, had a significant influence on our daily lives. The resulting changes in technology practices are likely to be explored in the years ahead. We will contribute to this exploration by looking specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on everyday food practices and the role of involved technology. To explore food practices and technology use, we conducted a qualitative interview study with 16 interviewees and delved into the underlying influencing factors behind them. Thereby we can better understand potential behavioral changes and technology usage by people to design not only for future pandemics and exceptional situations but to also for non-pandemic times.
Research suggests that citizens are increasingly turning to the market to express their political beliefs and values. Termed ‘political consumerism’, such behaviour can take a variety of forms—including boycotts and buycotts. While recent research has uncovered many of the sociodemographic and attitudinal correlates of political consumer behaviour, other individual differences, such as those rooted in personality, have been less studied. Drawing on a sample of more than 2500 voting-aged Canadians, we consider the relationship between individual differences in personality traits and political consumerism (boycotting and buycotting). Results reveal that, even after controlling for other known correlates such as age, gender, education, income, ideology, and political interest, differences in personality matter. We show that this is the case for both general and antagonistic traits.
Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip teorinėje plotmėje kito „subkultūros“ samprata nuo neformalias jaunimo subkultūras akademiniame tyrimų lauke įteisinusios Birmingemo mokyklos laikų (8-ojo dešimt. vidurio) iki šių dienų postmodernistinių teorinių implikacijų. Tekste pristatomi didžiausią įtaką subkultūrų tyrimams padarę antropologų, etnologų ir sociologų darbai, aptariamos pagrindinės autorių idėjos. Empirinėje straipsnio dalyje susitelkiama į „subkultūros“ ir „subkultūros nario“ sampratų vartoseną ir joms teikiamas reikšmes Lietuvos pankų subkultūroje.
O veganismo vem ganhando destaque como um tipo de ativismo que propõe ressignificar a relação entre humanos e animais. Este estudo buscou compreender como a influência social pode interferir no comportamento de compra de alimentos de consumidores veganos na sociedade hipermoderna. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e caráter descritivo, com a utilização de entrevistas e documentos para coletar os dados que foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os principais achados indicam que os veganos são mais motivados por informações veiculadas na mídia do que pelas pessoas do seu círculo social. Os amigos exercem uma influência maior no comportamento de compra do que os familiares. Os veganos encontram dificuldades ao aderir a esse estilo de vida, sobretudo, nas relações com amigos e familiares. A internet é o principal meio de acesso à informação e os influenciadores digitais são importantes líderes de opinião. Os veganos acreditam no respeito e empatia como forma de minimizar conflitos nas relações interpessoais, melhorar o entendimento dos outros a respeito do veganismo e aproximá-los desse estilo de vida.
The article aims to understand the controversial process of categorization at work in debates about the meaning of “veganism” by focusing on one of the key sites for building contemporary public knowledge: Wikipedia. First, we suggest how the contested definition of “veganism” is the result of the interweaving of two orders of frames which support and reinforce each other in the process of identity work underlying this particular social category. Particularly, we show how the framing of vegan identity as a food practice is, in fact, inseparable from its framing as a journalistic and scientific category in the media field. Second, drawing on the concept of “identity refusal”, we suggest how the particular categorization of veganism can be understood through the analysis of the argumentative procedures at work in debates about it focused on describing something that is not done.
In this chapter, I focus on young people’s interest in veganism. Veganism is defined as a daily commitment not to participate in the exploitation of animals (Larue & Giroux, Le véganisme: “Que sais-je?” n° 4068. Presses Universitaires de France, 2017). How does this individual action relate to more collective forms of political action? To understand this phenomenon, I draw on my dissertation fieldwork to bridge structural, relational and cultural theories in the sociology of political participation. While structural approaches focus on the political and organizational context, relational approaches emphasize the role of relationships, and cultural approaches value the role of ideas, identity and emotions. I argue that understanding contemporary animal rights activism means understanding the back-and-forth between structure, ideas and identity, and between individual and collective action. In other words, it means capturing the ebb and flow of lifestyles and activism over the life course, especially among younger members of the movement. Finally, I argue for a redefinition of the boundaries of political participation. This redefinition should include the family sphere.
Research shows that veganism is associated with many benefits, including those related to physical health and the environment. However, veganism also comes with disadvantages, such as stigma. Stigma refers to the process by which individuals are negatively labeled based on certain characteristics, identities, or statuses that they possess, and as a result, are negatively treated and evaluated by others. For vegans, stigma results from being identified as a member of the vegan social category and can be traced to culturally shared assumptions about what vegans do, who they are, how they think, and with whom they associate. In this chapter, I detail these sources of vegan stigma and highlight the consequences (and mechanisms producing such consequences) that may influence vegans’ (and non-vegans’) daily lives. I also discuss the methodological and empirical gaps in this area of study, outlining several promising areas for future research on the topic.
This study investigates the negative perceptions (veganphobia) held by consumers toward vegan diets and fashion and aims to foster a genuine acceptance of ethical veganism in consumption. The textual data web-crawled Korean online posts, including news articles, blogs, forums, and tweets, containing keywords such as "contradiction," "dilemma," "conflict," "issues," "vegan food" and "vegan fashion" from 2013 to 2021. Data analysis was conducted through text mining, network analysis, and clustering analysis using Python and NodeXL programs. The analysis revealed distinct negative perceptions regarding vegan food. Key issues included the perception of hypocrisy among vegetarians, associations with specific political leanings, conflicts between environmental and animal rights, and contradictions between views on companion animals and livestock. Regarding the vegan fashion industry, the eco-friendliness of material selection and design processes were seen as the pivotal factors shaping negative attitudes. Furthermore, the study identified a shared negative perception regarding vegan food and vegan fashion. This negativity was characterized by confusion and conflicts between animal and environmental rights, biased perceptions linked to specific political affiliations, perceived self-righteousness among vegetarians, and general discomfort toward them. These factors collectively contributed to a broader negative perception of vegan consumption. In conclusion, this study is significant in understanding the complex perceptions and attitudes that consumers hold toward vegan food and fashion. The insights gained from this research can aid in the design of more effective campaign strategies aimed at promoting vegan consumerism, ultimately contributing to a more widespread acceptance of ethical veganism in society.
Alors que le mouvement animaliste se politise en Occident, il reste principalement compris comme un mouvement de promotion du véganisme. Cette vision s’écarte de la volonté d’émancipation animale dont se revendiquent les militants de la cause animale. C’est pourquoi, grâce à une enquête qualitative de trois années réalisée au sein du mouvement animaliste de France et de Belgique francophone, cet article s’est donné pour objectif d’investiguer le “paradoxe animaliste”, c’est-à-dire, le contraste existant entre centralité du véganisme pour le grand public et volonté d’émancipation animale portée par les militants animalistes. À cet égard, l’article présente le mouvement animaliste comme un mouvement social composé de deux cultures militantes au sens de Pleyers (2016), à savoir, la culture véganiste et la culture antispéciste. Il démontre que si la plupart des animalistes sont animés par un désir d’émancipation animale (antispécisme), nombre d’entre eux choisissent de s’inscrire dans une stratégie véganiste. Celle-ci repose sur l’idée que le véganisme est une porte d’entrée pertinente pour mener à une société antispéciste du fait qu’il fait écho à de nombreuses problématiques contemporaines. C’est donc parce que le véganisme représente une alternative solide à différentes crises des sociétés capitalistes modernes qu’il devient l’axe d’action privilégié par les militants de la cause animale. Dès lors, la centralité du véganisme se traduit par une surreprésentativité des véganistes au sein du mouvement animaliste, pourtant porté par des acteurs se revendiquant de l’antispécisme.
Veganism is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. In addition to being viewed as a dietary choice, it is also studied in various disciplines as a cultural movement, lifestyle, or even as a climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy. Due to its complexity, there is a growing interest in studying veganism through sociological lenses. The aim of this research is to provide a systematic overview of the current sociological literature on veganism. This analysis follows the PRISMA systematic literature review protocol and includes academic articles published in English between 2000 and 2022. The study has been organised around 3 main research questions to reveal the scope and intensity of sociological research on veganism, its methodological aspects, and the conceptualisation of veganism. The results suggest an emerging discourse of veganism as a lifestyle movement and the orientation of studies toward qualitative research. A variety of veganism concepts used in the sociological literature indicate the potential of different strands of research.
The research has been handled in order to determine the vegan tourist profile, which is a relatively new market for Turkey, and to reveal the touristic business and type preferences. In this context, a pre-interview was held with 20 Turkish vegans, and the options to be presented in the next step were determined, and then questions were asked to 365 other Turkish vegans about to get the demographic data, and the data related to tourist business preferences, holiday type preferences, and the vegan elements they pay attention to in businesses. One of the most important issues that emerged within the scope of the research is that there is no platform that can allow vegans to search for content or enable them to exchange information with each other. Apart from this, it has been revealed that as long as vegans are not exposed to animal cruelty, they generally see vegan alternatives as sufficient.
The moral and justice dimensions of climate change are uncomfortable and commonly avoided in the conversations of day-to-day UK life. This ‘silence’ impedes the genesis of a public discourse to drive justice-oriented social and political change. Two social realms identified as silence-breaking are social movements and personal relationships, yet the potential of this intersection has yet to be explored. This article applies Goffman’s theories of interaction to a qualitative study of UK-based climate activists to show how silence around climate justice is often a means to avoid relationship conflict, and the ways in which this is negotiated within everyday interactions. Activist participants faced conversational resistance through normative avoidance of climate-related death talk, and from negative environmental activist stereotyping. In efforts to protect relationships while promoting their climate politics, participants backgrounded their activist identity, slowly ‘chipped away’ at climate obstruction through social and sustainable practices, and prioritised humour. Breaking silences required taking relationship risks through radical environmentalist ‘killjoy-talk’: a deliberate, politicised transgression of polite conversation norms. The article reflects on the normativities and loci of power discursively obstructing a moral engagement, and the potential for activists’ practical and discursive strategies to work against these to normalise politicised climate talk.
Küresel iklim değişikliği ve hayvan hakları konusundaki hassasiyetlerin bir uzantısı olarak vegan ve bitki bazlı beslenmeye olan ilginin artmaya başladığı görülmektedir. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de veganizm konusundaki tartışma alanının Twitter’da nasıl yapılandırıldığını; veganların ve hepçillerin anlatılarını hangi temel konular üzerinde inşa ettiğini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada 2022-2023 yılları arasında vegan, veganizm ve veganol anahtar kelimeleri ve hashtag’leriyle paylaşılan 62.742 tweet üzerinde MiniLM-L6 modeli ile öznitelik çıkarımı, UMAP ile boyut indirgeme ve HDBSCAN ile kümeleme işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kelime ağırlıklandırma yöntemiyle kümelerde öne çıkan kelimeler ve rastgele yapılan manuel okumalarla elde edilen bilgiler kullanılarak, veganlar, hepçiller, kararsızlar ve vegan ürün reklamı yapan kullanıcılar olmak üzere dört farklı kesim tarafından 18 konunun tartışıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca #vegan hashtag ağı incelenerek, vegan beslenme eğilimindeki temel motivasyonların sırasıyla hayvan hakları konusundaki endişeler, sağlıklı beslenmeye/yaşama olan ilgi, kilo kontrolü ve son olarak ekolojik kaygılar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: vegan, veganizm, Twitter, kümeleme, konu modelleme.
This study asks why and how a segment of young people have led the emergence of veganism in contemporary South Korea since the mid-2010s, and what this appearance means—especially against the backdrop of the wide interpretation of Korean youth as disillusioned and depoliticized individuals who distrust the possibility of any positive social change. The article argues that the youth-driven Korean veganism has played a role in filling the void of the postdevelopmental, postindustrial, and postliberation era of climate crisis and planetary challenges by working as a broad vision for a good life and meaningful social change. Based on qualitative interviews, textual analysis, and participant observation, the article shows why veganism has worked as a way of alternative survival for vegan youth, how veganism as the source of voice and personal growth has been validated and cultivated by the transnational youth culture, and what has enabled veganism’s solidarity from and coalition with other social movements. The article contributes to diversifying the representation of Korean youth and their agencies beyond the ruins and pessimism of the neoliberalized Korean society.
This article contributes to the literature theorizing military social order, embodiment, and resistance in IR. The military institution is known to resist change, and much research have been devoted to challenges to the gendered order of the military. One area that has received little attention, however, is the reluctance of many militaries in the West to facilitate veganism during service in spite of the increasing demand for vegan food options, diversity, and sustainability. Drawing on research on the military social order and gender theory, I conduct an unpacking of conflicting elements and representations of military and vegan bodies, and theorize this reluctance as institutional resistance. Typically, the military does not offer motivations for its stance – which makes it difficult to detect and counter. As a consequence, vegans are silenced and excluded, not facilitated to enter the military. This is a challenge to increasing attempts at governing sustainability and diversity in the military.
As a continuation of the previous chapter, this chapter foregrounds the social and relational dimensions of veganism, highlighting how men’s close relationships shape their veganism. The chapter explores how vegan men negotiate relationships with friends, relatives, and intimate partners and the gendered nature of these experiences. Vegan men’s intimate relationships are examined through the notion of vegansexuality. The findings suggest that masculinity shapes close relationships in important ways. Relationships with non-vegan male friends and relatives were the most difficult to manage, indicating the significance of eating nonhuman animals in most constructions of masculinity. It is suggested that doing veganism in close relationships can function as a form of everyday activism challenging the hegemony of the meat culture.
The nineteenth-century English working class bears a most peculiar burden and embodies a most peculiar paradox. Like Auden’s academic warriors who spar with “smiles and Christian names,” historians, economists, and sociologists have pushed and prodded early nineteenth-century English working people into procrustean political positions to support or disconfirm Marx’s predictions of revolutionary class conflict erupting from the contradictions of capitalism. A Manichaean concern locks the debate into an impasse. Were early nineteenth-century workers revolutionary or reformist? Was there a class struggle in the industrial revolution? The questions remain unresolved. Yet, surely it is the history of English working peoples that has suffered from this burden of praising or burying Marxism through competing interpretations of their early stories?
Network analysis is one of the most promising currents, in sociological research, and yet it has never been subjected to a theoretically informed assessment and critique. This article outlines the theoretical presuppositions of network analysis. It also distinguishes between three different (implicit) models in the network literature of the interrelations of social structure, culture, and human agency. It concludes that only a strategy for historical explanation that synthesizes social structural and cultural analysis can adequately explain the formation, reproduction, and transformation of networks themselves. The article sketches the broad contours of such a theoretical synthesis in the conclusion.
Preface Acknowledgments 1. What Is Vegetarianism? And Who Are the Vegetarians? 2. Vegetarian Diets and the Health Professions: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Issues 3. Charting the Contemporary Vegetarian Movement in the Social Movement Field 4. Vegetarianism: Expressions of Ideology in Vegetarian Organizations 5. The Beliefs and Strategies of Vegetarian Movement Leaders 6. Organizational Strategy in Action: Promoting a Vegetarian Collective Identity 7. The Food Industry's Role in Promoting and Gaining Acceptance for Vegetarian Diets
Identifies specific network mechanisms at the individual level and illustrates how different social networks affect recruitment and individual participation in different voluntary organizations and social movement organizations. Socialization functions of social networks create an initial disposition to participate; structural-connection functions generate practical opportunities for involvement; decision-shaping functions affect the ultimate decision to take part. Empirical evidence comes from members of two political organizations active in the solidarity movement and the environmental movement in Switzerland, the Bern Declaration and WWF.
Very little has been written from a sociological perspective about the punk counterculture in the United States. Further, few studies of antiestablishment style cultures deal with their implicit social organization. In this essay I describe and analyze the informal stratification of a local punk community. I based members' positions within the hierarchy on their perceived level of commitment to the scene. Within the group, three categories of punks emerged: hardcore punks, softcore punks, and preppie punks. Another type appeared that was peripheral to the scene, referred to as “spectators.” In discussing each type, I describe their appearance, lifestyle, and attitude and how these factors affected members' positions in the larger scene. I conclude by analyzing the function of each group for the social organization of the scene, and for antiestablishment cultures more generally.
McKay takes us on a vivid journey through the endlessly creative counterworld of punks, ravers, travellers, tribes, squatters and direct-action protesters of every kind.
"The secret history of the last two decades.' Jon Savage
Also CSST Working Paper #87. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/51250/1/484.pdf
Why do social movements take the forms they do? How do activists’ efforts and beliefs interact with the cultural and political contexts in which they work? Why do activists take particular strategic paths, and how do their strategies affect the course and impact of the movement? Social Movements aims to bridge the gap between “political opportunities” theorists who look at the circumstances and effects of social movement efforts and “collective identity theorists” who focus on the reconstruction of meaning and identity through collective action. The volume brings together scholars from a variety of perspectives to consider the intersections of opportunities and identities, structures and cultures, in social movements. Representing a new generation of social movement theory, the contributors build bridges between political opportunities and collective identity paradigms, between analyses of movements’ internal dynamics and their external contexts, between approaches that emphasize structure and those that emphasize culture. They cover a wide range of case studies from both the U.S. and Western Europe as well as from less developed countries. Movements include feminist organizing in the U.S. and India, lesbian/gay movements, revolutionary movements in Burma, the Philippines, and Indonesia, labor campaigns in England and South Africa, civil rights movements, community organizing, political party organizing in Canada, student movements of the left and right, and the Religious Right. Many chapters also pay explicit attention to the dynamics of gender, race, and class in social movements. Combining a variety of perspectives on a wide range of topics, the contributors’ synthetic approach shifts the field of social movements forward in important new directions.
In recent decades the study of social movements, revolution, democratization and other non-routine politics has flourished. And yet research on the topic remains highly fragmented, reflecting the influence of at least three traditional divisions. The first of these reflects the view that various forms of contention are distinct and should be studied independent of others. Separate literatures have developed around the study of social movements, revolutions and industrial conflict. A second approach to the study of political contention denies the possibility of general theory in deference to a grounding in the temporal and spatial particulars of any given episode of contention. The study of contentious politics are left to 'area specialists' and/or historians with a thorough knowledge of the time and place in question. Finally, overlaid on these two divisions are stylized theoretical traditions - structuralist, culturalist, and rationalist - that have developed largely in isolation from one another. This book was first published in 2001.
While numerous studies stress the crucial role of networks for social movement participation, they generally do not specify how networks affect individual behaviors. This article clarifies the role of social networks for individual social movement participation. It argues that networks perform three fundamental functions in the process leading to participation and that they intervene at different moments along this process. First, networks socialize and build individual identities—a socialization function. Second, they offer participation opportunities to individuals who are culturally sensitive to a specific political issue—a structural-connection function. Third, they shape individual preferences before individuals decide to join a move-ment—a decision-shaping function. These network functions allow us to disentangle the mechanisms at work in the process of participation. They also integrate structural and rationalist theories, which are often considered opposing explanations of individual movement participation. This article presents several hypotheses about these network functions, and uses both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (life history) data of participation in the Berne Declaration SMO to examine them.
Illustrates relational approaches to the study of social movements and collective action. Contributors analyse most recent developments in the analysis of the role of networks as facilitators or constraints of individual recruitment, various forms of interorganizational networks, and the relationship between social networks and the political context in which social movements operate. They also relate the growing attention to social networks by social movement analysis to broader theoretical debates. Both quantitative and qualitative network analysis are considered, and attention is paid to the time dimension and the evolution of networks, through both simulation models and empirical data. Empirical chapters cover both contemporary and historical episodes of collective action, in reference to authoritarian as well as progressive, left-libertarian movements. Chapters focusing on individual networks specify different effects of network embeddedness over participation in different types of collective action (Passy, Anheier). Interorganizational relations are explored by looking at leadership dynamics (Diani), the relationship between categorical traits and network position within coalitions (Ansell), and the role of individuals in linking different organizations both synchronically and diachronically (Osa). Network approaches to the political process illustrate shifts in alliance and conflict networks at a time of regime change (Tilly and Wood), the evolution of social networks during protest cycles (Oliver and Myers), and the role of local elites in shaping protest networks in the community (Broadbent). Theoretical chapters discuss network perspectives on social movements in relation to recent theoretical developments in rational choice theory (Gould), cultural analysis (Mische), and the analysis of social mechanisms (McAdam). A radical case is also made for a reorientation of the whole social movement agenda along network lines (Diani).
Illustrates relational approaches to the study of social movements and collective action. Contributors analyse most recent developments in the analysis of the role of networks as facilitators or constraints of individual recruitment, various forms of interorganizational networks, and the relationship between social networks and the political context in which social movements operate. They also relate the growing attention to social networks by social movement analysis to broader theoretical debates. Both quantitative and qualitative network analysis are considered, and attention is paid to the time dimension and the evolution of networks, through both simulation models and empirical data. Empirical chapters cover both contemporary and historical episodes of collective action, in reference to authoritarian as well as progressive, left‐libertarian movements. Chapters focusing on individual networks specify different effects of network embeddedness over participation in different types of collective action (Passy, Anheier). Interorganizational relations are explored by looking at leadership dynamics (Diani), the relationship between categorical traits and network position within coalitions (Ansell), and the role of individuals in linking different organizations both synchronically and diachronically (Osa). Network approaches to the political process illustrate shifts in alliance and conflict networks at a time of regime change (Tilly and Wood), the evolution of social networks during protest cycles (Oliver and Myers), and the role of local elites in shaping protest networks in the community (Broadbent). Theoretical chapters discuss network perspectives on social movements in relation to recent theoretical developments in rational choice theory (Gould), cultural analysis (Mische), and the analysis of social mechanisms (McAdam). A radical case is also made for a reorientation of the whole social movement agenda along network lines (Diani).
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Past examinations of differential recruitment to and the differential growth of social movements have typically sought explanation at a social psychological/motivational level of analysis. That focus has recently been called into question by scholars concerned with the process through which movement organizations expand their ranks and mobilize support for their causes. Yet, as Useem (1975) and Zald and McCarthy (1979) have noted, there has been little systematic research conducted on the details of the influence process. Drawing on data derived from a synthesis of existing research and two primary sources, this paper attempts to shed greater empirical and theoretical light on the movement recruitment process. The findings indicate that differential recruitment is not merely a function of dispositional susceptibility, but is strongly influenced by structural proximity, availability, and affective interaction with movement members. The findings also indicate that a movement organization's network attributes function as an important determinant of its recruitment strategies and growth.
The natural histories and membership characteristics of two protest organizations, both conducting anti-pornography crusades,
were assembled from nonparticipant observation, document research, and structured interviews with active members and other
knowledgeable individuals. p]The protest organizations were found to be structurally integrated with other community organizations,
particularly voluntary associations. The extent and kind of interorganizational alignments were associated with recruitment
patterns, specificity of goals and strategies, member characteristics, orientations and perceptions, and with the success
and duration of the two organizations. The results are interpreted with regard to “multi-organizational fields,” affiliation
career patterns, and the environments and life-cycles of protest organizations.
In dialogue with recent developments in cultural sociology, this chapter looks at the forms of discourse generated by movement activists in response to the multiple relations in which they are involved. Networks are reinterpreted as multiple, cross-cutting sets of social relations sustained by conversational dynamics within social settings. They are at the same time the location for the development of movement solidarities and for the transmission of messages, identity, etc. across movements. The chapter identifies several conversational mechanisms that characterize the process of network construction and reproduction. It also introduces a technique, Galois lattices, to map the complexity of conjunctures of actors and events in a dynamic way.
In this article it is argued that combining theories of social movements and subcultures provides a way of 'conceptualizing cultural politics'. The focus is on debates that have taken place over the conceptualization of subcultures and social movements as well as the status and viability of cultural politics. Contemporary subcultural theorists are critical of the rigid concepts used by the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) but, it is argued, they provide few feasible alternatives. They also have little to say about the supposed contemporary significance of cultural politics. New social movement (NSM) theorists, on the other hand, have generated conceptual frameworks that recognize the complexity of collective phenomena and have developed an approach which enables us to engage with the controversy over cultural politics. However, they concentrate too narrowly on struggles waged at the level of lifestyle, culture and civil society. The article shows how, like the CCCS, critics of NSM theory rightly question the potency of symbolic challenges and stress the persistent role of material issues and the continued part that conventional political actors, such as the state, play in contemporary social conflicts. Finally, the case of New Age Travellers is used to illuminate these debates in subcultural and social movement studies and to show how elements of each approach can be employed fruitfully in empirical research.
Much empirical work in the social-movements literature has focused on the role of social ties in movement recruitment. Yet these studies have been plagued by a troubling theoretical and empirical imprecision. This imprecision stems from three sources. First, these studies are generally silent on the basic sociological dynamics that account for the reported findings. Second, movement scholars have generally failed to specify and test the precise dimensions of social ties that seem to account for their effects. Finally, most studies fail to acknowledge that individuals are embedded in many relationships that may expose the individual to conflicting pressures. This article seeks to address these shortcomings by means of an elaborated model of recruitment that is then used as a basis for examining the role of social ties in mediating individual recruitment to the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer Project.
This article proposes and argues for the importance of a distinction between "low-" and "high-risk/cost activism" and outlines a model or recruitment to the latter. The model emphasizes the importance of both structural and individual motivational factors in high-risk/cost activism; contending that an intense ideological identification with the values of the movement disposes the individual toward participation, while a prior history of activism and integration into supportive networks acts as the structural "pull" encouraging the individual to make good on his or her strongly held beliefs. The utility of the model is then analyzed in relation to a single instance of high-risk/cost activism: the 1964 Freedom Summer project. Data from project applications for 720 persons who actually went to Mississippi, as well as from 241 "no shows," are used to explain the applicants' chances of participation in terms of various factors. The results of this analysis generally confirm the importance of microstructural fa...
In this classic work of sociology, Doug McAdam presents a political-process model that explains the rise and decline of the black protest movement in the United States. Moving from theoretical concerns to empirical analysis, he focuses on the crucial role of three institutions that foster protest: black churches, black colleges, and Southern chapters of the NAACP. He concludes that political opportunities, a heightened sense of political efficacy, and the development of these three institutions played a central role in shaping the civil rights movement. In his new introduction, McAdam revisits the civil rights struggle in light of recent scholarship on social movement origins and collective action. "[A] first-rate analytical demonstration that the civil rights movement was the culmination of a long process of building institutions in the black community."--Raymond Wolters, Journal of American History "A fresh, rich, and dynamic model to explain the rise and decline of the black insurgency movement in the United States."--James W. Lamare, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Sociologists today are faced with a fundamental dilemma: whether to conceive of the social world as consisting primarily in substances or processes, in static ''things'' or in dynamic, unfolding relations. Rational-actor and norm-based models, diverse holisms and structuralisms, and statistical ''variable'' analyses continue implicitly or explicitly to prefer the former point of view. By contrast, this ''manifesto'' presents an alternative, ''relational'' perspective, first in broad, philosophical outlines, then by exploring its implications for both theory and empirical research. In the closing pages, it ponders some of the difficulties and challenges now facing relational analysis, taking up in turn the issues of boundaries and entities, network dynamics, causality, and normative implications.
Introduction Part I. Theory of Collective Action: 1. The construction of collective action 2. Conflict and change 3. Action and meaning 4. The process of collective identity Part II. Contemporary Collective Action: 5. conflicts of culture 6. Invention of the present 7. The time of difference 8. Roots for today and for tomorrow 9. A search for ethics 10. Information, power, domination Part III. The Field of Collective Action: 11. A society without a centre 12. The political system 13. The state and the distribution of social resources 14. Modernization, crisis, and conflict: the case of Italy Part IV. Acting Collectively: 15. Mobilization and political participation 16. The organization of movements 17. Leadership in social movements 18. Collective action and discourse 19. Forms of action 20. Research on collective action.
Assesses the limitations of the structural paradigm for the investigation of the networkparticipation link, and invokes a greater role for cultural analysis in the identification of recruitment and mobilization mechanisms. This general point is illustrated with reference to three specific 'facts' regarding the origins of protest and contention, conventionally associated with the standard structuralist argument: prior social ties as a basis for movement recruitment; established social settings as the locus of movement emergence; the spread of movements along existing lines of interaction. For each of these cases, the author identifies social mechanisms, which combine structural and cultural elements. Rather than rejecting the formalization and the quest for systematic patterns, to which network concepts and methods have so much contributed in recent years, the author calls for a more dynamic integration of cultural analysis and structuralist research strategies.
This article offers a critique of framing perspectives on collective action discourse and an alternative dialogic approach. The argument set forth is that the latter sees collective action discourse as a joint product of actors' agency and discourse dynamics, including its multivocal nature. Such discourse is a joint product of challengers' rational actions and the constraints of the discursive field. Challengers seek to appropriate and subvert the dominant discourses that legitimate power, creating discursive repertoires. To illustrate this, the contentious actions of English cotton spinners in the 1820s and 1830s are analyzed. The spinners produced a discursive repertoire drawing on mill owners' dominant discourses.
In spite of a growing body of vegetarian literature, there remains a lack of information about how people learn to become vegan. Using qualitative methodology, this research identified a psychological process of how people learn about and adopt veganism. Elements of the process include who I was, catalytic experiences, possible repression of information, an orientation to learn, the decision, learning about veganism, and acquiring a vegan world view. Noteworthy observations include individual and temporal variation in the use of logic and emotion, the centrality of reading, the repression and recollection of undesirable information, and the importance of two types of learning tasks to successful vegans.
Following Tilly, this paper argues that a social movement is what it does as much as why it does it. This approach is particularly important in the case of the animal rights movement, which is often demonized as extremist and violent. Critics of the movement claim that animal activists use letter bombs, arson attacks and threats to intimidate those they see as animal abusers and that violent direct action of this kind is typical of the movement as a whole. The present paper argues that the mainstream animal movement – in the USA, the UK and Australia – is overwhelmingly non-violent and that its core strategies and tactics have two broad aims, namely to gain publicity for the movement and to challenge conventional thinking about how we treat non-human animals. This is achieved primarily by the deployment of the key tactical mechanisms of persuasion, protest, non-cooperation and intervention. These tactics may be deployed collectively or as DIY (Do-It-Yourself) activism which many grassroots animal activists – ‘caring sleuths’ to use Shapiro's apt term – seem to prefer. The paper focuses on demonstrations and pamphleteering as examples of publicity strategies or liberal governance strategies as well as critical governance strategies or interference strategies such as the hunger strike, ethical vegetarianism and undercover surveillance.
Although social movement scholars generally study movement organizations, a great deal of significant collective action occurs in diffuse, noninstitutional contexts. This article uses the straight edge movement to explore the less structured aspects of movement activity and discuss the roles collective identity plays in diffuse movements. The straight edge collective identity promotes individual action within the context of a commitment to a strong identity. This paper shows how a strong collective identity is the foundation of diffuse movements, providing “structure,” a basis for commitment, and guidelines for individualized participation. Finally, the article demonstrates that organizational conceptualizations of social movements fail to capture important avenues of cultural protest.
Over the past decade many analysts of collective action from the political-process and social-constructionist perspectives have sought to bring ideology back into the analysis of social movements through the analysis of framing. Anchored in Go¡man’s frame-analytic perspective and strands of collective behavior, frame analysis has provided a window on how collective actors construct an interpretive schema that underlies mobilization and sustains action. Frame analysis critically highlights processes of signi¢cation as a key dynamic for collective action. However, while it usefully focuses on the ideological problems, its proponents have largely failed to problematize the role of discourse in these processes. While the ideological visions structured by frames are exposed as contested and dynamic, the discourse used in framing is taken to be a generally straight-forward bearer of meanings. In this article, I argue that this referential perspective on discourse both poses problems for the analysis of frames and ignores important semiotic dynamics of the framing process. Drawing on the discourse theory of the Bakhtin Circle and recent work in sociocultural psychology, I propose an alternative framework emphasizing the analysis of discursive repertoires.
Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style
- D Muggleton
Muggleton, D. (2000) Inside Subculture: The Postmodern Meaning of Style (Oxford: Berg).
The Philosophy of Punk: More than Noise
- O Hara
O'Hara, C. (1999) The Philosophy of Punk: More than Noise (San Francisco: AK Press).
are DIY magazines that are usually handwritten and photocopied. Zines cover almost any topic, but many punk zines include interviews with or reviews of bands and shows, political writings, and often discussions of veganism and animal rights. Some punks have made 'cookzines
- Zines
Zines, from the words 'magazine' and 'fanzine', are DIY magazines that are usually handwritten and photocopied. Zines cover almost any topic, but many punk zines include interviews with or reviews of bands and shows, political writings, and often discussions of veganism and animal rights. Some punks have made 'cookzines', which include vegan recipes accompanied by suggested punk albums to listen to while cooking.