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Interactive 2D–3D Digital Maps for the support of emergency teams during rescue operations
Abstract
SHARE, a EU-funded 6 th Framework Program project, addresses the need of emergency teams for multimodal communication and for decision support with a prototype advanced mobile service based on Push-to-Share technology. The SHARE system provides emergency workers with on-site, on-line details of operational history and current operational status as well as access to pertinent supporting information, in particular information concerning the environment of the incident. The SHARE system will incorporate an enhanced Tele Atlas 2D-3D digital map, including details on buildings and roads above and beyond those represented in basic digital road maps. The SHARE system will log communications and other multimedia data generated during the operation and store it in an ontology-based Knowledge Base, which makes possible the integration of the spatial information of digital maps with multimedia and operational information from external databases. In the final phase of the SHARE project, the system will implement a 2D-3D digital map enhanced with voice, image, text and video information. The map will be fully interactive, permitting emergency workers with mobile end devices such as PDAs and tablet PCs to query the system using a multimodal interface and retrieve information as well as to enter new information as the operation unfolds.
... Color is frequently used to represent categories and other important information, and thus rely on human perception to detect patterns for visual analysis, or to identify the difference between categories for precise comparison tasks (e.g., Dall'Acqua, Çöltekin, and Noetzli 2013). Successfully executing such tasks is essential for map-based decision-making; and while some of these decisions might be viewed as trivial (everyday navigation), some can be life threatening (e.g., sea navigation, emergency, and rescue operations) or costly (e.g., climate change mitigation decisions) (Sheppard et al. 2008;Vande Velde et al. 2009). ...
The spatial distance (gap) between map symbols can have a great impact on their discriminability, however, there is little empirical evidence to establish spatial and attribute thresholds. In this paper, we examine the effect of the spatial gap in discriminability of color hue and value, that is, we conducted an online study to obtain performance metrics; then an eye-tracking study to understand participants’ strategies and cognitive processes. Participants completed two experimental tasks (compare two areas and decide if their color is the same; and compare three areas and rank them from the lightest to the darkest). The color distances and the spatial distances were strictly controlled for the compared areas. Our analyses confirmed that, overall, increasing the gap between colors has a consistent negative impact on the ability to differentiate them with both sequential and qualitative schemes. Furthermore, we observed that sequential schemes require larger color distances than qualitative schemes for discriminability. Finally, our results suggested that for qualitative colors, the largest tested color distance ∆E00 = 10 yields considerably higher levels of accuracy in color discrimination (even when the spatial gap between the two colors is large), thus we recommend ∆E00 = 10 to practicing cartographers and other information visualization designers.
... This video processing support is just one component of the complex mobile system SHARE [1] which has been designed for rescue forces with integrating multiple modes of interaction. Ontology services play an important role in the SHARE philosophy to establish connection between the different input channels (map data [2], deployment structure, audio/visual/text messages) regarding the rescue scenario. In this way, it becomes possible for the rescue team to access operative information based on a very wide basis through a retrieval client [3]. ...
In this paper we present a metadata scheme for the content description of thermal videos captured during rescue operations. The formal description is provided in terms of an XML Schema, thus the content description files have XML format. The schema was designed to provide highly detailed description possibilities for the movie scene. The scheme description, which is implemented in full compatibility with the MPEG-7 standard, provides fast and simple integration capabilities for database applications, and supports video/image indexing and retrieval for further use. It has been already tested that the proposed schema can be conceptualized in ontology services, which have other input besides video analysis.
This paper describes ongoing work and research perspectives for integrating cartographic presentations into decision-support
systems for crisis management and resource planning in emergency situations. The spatial visualizations shall improve the
communication and analysis of the situation at different decision levels. The information has to be adequately prepared and
presented according to the user’s role, position and utilized device. The outstanding characteristics of the presented solution
are (1) a context-dependent selection and visualization of data through location-based services and (2) a visualization of
the situation at different perspectives. This reduces the amount of presented data and improves the understanding of the user’s
current environment. The paper describes an application prototype designed for the European project SHARE and outlines perspectives
by introducing time as another information dimension.
This paper presents the EU project SHARE which is developing a mobile service architecture to support large-scale rescue operations with multimedia communication and information services. The task of planning and controlling large-scale rescue operations requires flexible and robust tools which help the rescue forces to do their search and rescue work with maximum efficiency. Today the main channels of communication are analog radio and paper text forms. The SHARE system introduces an advanced multimedia communication and information system to the highly mobile working environment which supports well established command hierarchies of the rescue organizations. Different operation scenarios for mobile networks using WiMAX, WLAN or UMTS are discussed regarding their usability for large-scale rescue operations.
. The paper is a overview of the major qualitative spatial representation and reasoning techniques. We survey the main aspects of the representation of qualitative knowledge including ontological aspects, topology, distance, orientation and shape. We also consider qualitative spatial reasoning including reasoning about spatial change. Finally there is a discussion of theoretical results and a glimpse of future work. The paper is a revised and condensed version of [33, 34]. Keywords: Qualitative Spatial Reasoning, Ontology. The text is in a slightly di erent format from the FI format. Cohn & Hazarika/ QSR: An Overview 3 1. Introduction Qualitative Reasoning is concerned not only with capturing the everyday common-sense knowledge of the physical world, but also the myriad equations used by engineers and scientists to explain complex physical phenomenon while creating quantitative models [180]. The principal goal of Qualitative Reasoning is to make explicit this knowledge, s...
Recent work in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is exploring the use of formal ontologies as a way of specifying content-specific agreements for the sharing and reuse of knowledge among software entities. We take an engineering perspective on the development of such ontologies. Formal ontologies are viewed as designed artifacts, formulated for specific purposes and evaluated against objective design criteria. We describe the role of ontologies in supporting knowledge sharing activities, and then present a set of criteria to guide the development of ontologies for these purposes. We show how these criteria are applied in case studies from the design of ontologies for engineering mathematics and bibliographic data. Selected design decisions are discussed, and alternative representation choices are evaluated against the design criteria.
Time is one of the most relevant topics in AI. It plays a major role in several areas, ranging from logical foundations to applications of knowledge-based systems. In this paper, we survey a wide range of research in temporal representation and reasoning, without committing ourselves to the point of view of any specific application. The organization of the paper follows the commonly recognized division of the field in two main subfields: reasoning about actions and change, and reasoning about temporal constraints. We give an overview of the basic issues, approaches, and results in these two areas, and outline relevant recent developments. Furthermore, we briefly analyze the major emerging trends in temporal representation and reasoning as well as the relationships with other well-established areas, such as temporal databases and logic programming.
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eines
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