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Vision and Challenges for Realizing the Internet of Things

Authors:
Harald Sundmaeker at Institut für angewandte Systemtechnik Bremen GmbH
Harald Sundmaeker
Patrick Guillemin at European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Patrick Guillemin
  • European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Peter Friess at The Institute For Desirable Being
Peter Friess
  • The Institute For Desirable Being
Sylvie Woelfflé at European Commission
Sylvie Woelfflé
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Abstract

Foreword by Peter Friess & Gérald Santuci: It goes without saying that we are very content to publish this Clusterbook and to leave it today to your hands. The Cluster of European Research projects on the Internet of Things – CERP-IoT – comprises around 30 major research initiatives, platforms and networks work-ing in the field of identification technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification and in what could become tomorrow an Internet-connected and inter-connected world of objects. The book in front of you reports to you about the research and innovation issues at stake and demonstrates approaches and examples of possible solutions. If you take a closer look you will realise that the Cluster reflects exactly the ongoing developments towards a future Internet of Things – growing use of Identification technologies, massive deployment of simple and smart devices, increasing connection between objects and systems. Of course, many developments are less directly derived from the core research area but contribute significantly in creating the “big picture” and the paradigm change. We are also conscious to maintain Europe’s strong position in these fields and the result being achieved, but at the same time to understand the challenges ahead as a global endeavour with our international partners. As it regards international co-operation, the cluster is committed to increasing the number of common activities with the existing international partners and to looking for various stakeholders in other countries. However, we are just at the beginning and, following the prognostics which predict 50 to 100 billion devices to be connected by 2020, the true research work starts now. The European Commission is decided to implement its Internet of Things policy for supporting an economic revival and providing better life to its citizens, and it has just selected from the last call for proposals several new Internet of Things research projects as part of the 7th Framework Programme on European Research. We wish you now a pleasant and enjoyable reading and would ask you to stay connected with us for the future. Special thanks are expressed to Harald Sundmaeker and his team who did a remarkable effort in assembling this Clusterbook.
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... be a product or equipment; in intelligent environments, it can refer to a tree, room, or building; in health systems, it can be an equipment that collects patient data. Taking into account this set of things that can be connected to the Internet, an IoT environment can be deployed in different domains such as healthcare, transportation and logistics, agriculture, security and home automation [1][2][3]. ...
... POX Controller: https:// github. com/ noxre po/ pox.3 Ryu Controller: https:// ryu-sdn. ...
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Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2024
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... By integrating smart sensors, RFID tags, and IoT-enabled devices, warehouses can automate labor-intensive tasks such as inventory counts, stock placement, and replenishment orders. This automation reduces the need for manual intervention and minimizes errors that can result from human oversight (Sundmaeker et al., 2018). In turn, automated processes enable faster decision-making and greater accuracy, which contributes to smoother operations and reduced downtime in warehouse activities. ...
IoT-driven Smart Warehouses with Computer Vision for Enhancing Inventory Accuracy and Reducing Discrepancies in Automated Systems
Research
Full-text available
  • Nov 2024
The increasing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and advanced computer vision systems is transforming inventory management in automated warehouses. This review explores how the integration of IoT and computer vision can enhance inventory accuracy and reduce discrepancies, which are critical challenges in modern supply chain operations. IoT-driven smart warehouses utilize interconnected devices such as sensors, RFID tags, and IoT gateways to provide real-time monitoring, tracking, and data transmission of inventory items. When paired with computer vision, which enables automated product recognition, counting, and anomaly detection, these systems can significantly improve operational efficiency and decision-making processes. This paper reviews key IoT components and their applications in smart warehouses, highlighting the role of computer vision in minimizing discrepancies and ensuring accurate inventory counts. We also examine case studies of IoT and computer vision integration in various industries, showcasing their combined potential to address challenges such as miscounts, misplaced items, and human error. Despite the benefits, this review also addresses challenges related to system integration, data management, and scalability. By analyzing current research and technological trends, this paper presents recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of IoT and computer vision in inventory management and identifies opportunities for future innovations. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative impact of IoT and computer vision on the warehousing sector, outlining how these technologies can lead to more accurate, efficient, and reliable inventory systems in the era of automation.
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Article
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... For perishable goods, IoT sensors can monitor temperature and humidity to maintain optimal storage conditions, minimizing spoilage. Automated alerts for low stock levels also streamline the replenishment process, reducing the need for manual checks and preventing excess inventory (Sundmaeker et al., 2010). ...
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Chapter
Full-text available
  • Sep 2024
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... At that time, a Coke vending machine at Carnegie Mellon University in the United States was able to report inventory and temperature, becoming the first connected device [1]. In 1999, Professor Ashton proposed the concept of the "Internet of Things" [2,3]. After decades of development, the Internet of Things has become an important basic technology in the fields of smart grids, smart cities, smart medical care, internet of vehicles, and smart transportation [4]. ...
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Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2024
  • SENSORS-BASEL
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Article
Full-text available
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... IoT sensors, for example, can track the state of commodities in transit, thereby ensuring that perishable items are kept at the right temperature and so minimising waste and damage (Chukwudebe et al., 2021). IoT-driven data analytics also lets businesses proactively manage supply chain interruptions and precisely estimate demand (Sundmaeker et al., 2010, De Vass et al., 2020. IoT has strategic relevance in supply chain management since businesses are spending more and more on IoT solutions to acquire a competitive edge on the worldwide market (Aljabhan, 2022). ...
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Preprint
Full-text available
  • Oct 2024
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising industries by enhancing connectivity among people, systems, and objects. With IoT device numbers predicted to rise from 9.7 billion in 2020 to 29 billion by 2030, its integration into supply chain management is increasingly critical, improving transparency, efficiency, and decision-making. This study focuses on evaluating the impact of IoT on supply chain efficiency within five Nigerian companies, a region where IoT's potential remains largely untapped due to infrastructural and technological challenges.Methods: The research employed a quantitative methodology, with purposive sampling used to select 50 participants across the 5 selected companies, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of IoT's influence across diverse sectors. A structured questionnaire was administered online to 10 senior managers from each selected company, collecting data on IoT adoption levels, applications, and impacts on supply chain performance. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 27, employing descriptive analysis and regression and correlation tests to examine the relationship between IoT adoption and supply chain metrics.Results: The analysis revealed a significant adoption rate of 74.4% across the companies, with notable enhancements in supply chain metrics. Specifically, a negative correlation coefficient of -0.345 was observed between IoT adoption and lead time, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.053). Inventory turnover showed marked improvement, with 60% of companies reporting increased efficiency in inventory management. Order accuracy saw substantial improvements, with 17 out of 43 respondents (39.5%) rating it as significantly enhanced. Despite these positive trends, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and high implementation costs were significant barriers, affecting the full realization of IoT benefits.Conclusion and Recommendations: The study concludes that while IoT adoption shows promise in enhancing supply chain operations in Nigeria, the benefits are unevenly realized, largely influenced by existing infrastructural deficits and high initial costs. Recommendations include enhancing digital infrastructure, developing supportive regulatory frameworks, and implementing pilot projects to better integrate IoT solutions tailored to specific operational needs. Investing in local expertise and fostering public-private partnerships are also critical for overcoming barriers to IoT adoption and leveraging its full potential for supply chain enhancement in Nigeria.
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Chapter
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... However, the term "Internet of Things" did not become widely used until the early 2000s. The evolution of wireless communication technologies, miniaturization of sensors, and advancements in data processing capabilities were crucial for the proliferation of IoT applications [1][2][3]. After almost 20 years of development, a growing number of academics, business leaders, and government representatives tend to think that the Internet of Things is a crucial technology for raising our standard of living and living environments. ...
IOT Architecture and its Integration with Mechatronics
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  • Oct 2024
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IoT Brief History
Chapter
  • Dec 2023
Although the initial experiments have taken place in the 1980s, it is difficult to date the birth of the Internet of Things (IoT) as it emerged as the innovative result of the combination of various technology domains into an entirely new field. Historically, IoT has been primarily seen as the incorporation of stand-alone electrical and electronic devices within a truly open and flexible emerging network, namely the Internet. Beyond the initial demonstration of the spectacular connections of a coffee machine or a fridge, the breadth and impact of the IoT have become more and more apparent as new supporting technologies, particularly in support of device connectivity, were developed, consolidated, and, for the most successful, standardized. In the early 2000s, the potential of IoT, not only as a disruptive technology but also as a large business domain, has become clear rapidly. Ever since, the history of IoT has been enriched by the creation of a vast range of applications in many different business domains, including their consolidation into more and more complex, life-changing systems. The history of IoT is that of a great success, which can be measured by the place that IoT has taken in the global technology ecosystem where a growing majority of humans live now. To a certain extent, IoT has become so pervasive that it is sometimes no longer perceived as separate from mainstream technology as devices have become a part of our daily lives. From this standpoint, the future of IoT will probably be a continuation of this gradual fusion, supported by the development of new technologies increasing the global intelligence of the devices and outlining an extended relationship between humans and machines. The history of IoT is not over.
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NFCSocial: social networking in mobility through IMS and NFC
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Mar 2009
In our article, we present NFCSocial, a mobile application prototype which uses the near field communication (NFC) technology to ease the update of presence information on federated communication systems and social networks. We discuss some technical choices we made in order to use contextual information retrieved via NFC in our application and to connect to an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) network using a converged HTTP/SIP Java application server.
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Measuring and avoiding the bullwhip effect: A control theoretic approach
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2003
  • EUR J OPER RES
An important contributory factor to the bullwhip effect (i.e. the variance amplification of order quantities observed in supply chains) is the replenishment rule used by supply chain members. First the bullwhip effect induced by the use of different forecasting methods in order-up-to replenishment policies is analysed. Variance amplification is quantified and we prove that the bullwhip effect is guaranteed in the order-up-to model irrespective of the forecasting method used. Thus, when production is inflexible and significant costs are incurred by frequently switching production quantities up and down, order-up-to policies may no longer be desirable or even achievable. In the second part of the paper a general decision rule is introduced that avoids variance amplification and succeeds in generating smooth ordering patterns, even when demand has to be forecasted. The methodology is based on control systems engineering and allows important insights to be gained about the dynamic behaviour of replenishment rules.
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MobiPETS-GRID Context-aware Mobile Service Provisioning Framework Deploying Enhanced Personalisation and Privacy and Security Technologies
Article
  • Jan 2006
The ambient lifestyle is characterised by interaction with your immediate environment no matter what kind of mobile and wireless sensor, service and network technology is behind it. The ambient user explicitly expects individual and seamless cooperation with those technologies depending on his current situation and context. Implicitly he requires transparent but inherent secure communications and trustworthy transactions. This paper introduces a context-aware mobile service provisioning framework to meet and fulfil the expectations of both the mobile users and service providers by deploying enhanced personalisation and privacy and security technologies following the multilateral security concept. Therefore, the domain oriented architecture is devided mainly into the user's trust domain and the service domain as the paper describes in detail. This approach is underpinned by (1) a user-centric Java Card enabled authentication and authorisation against your personal knowledge management system and (2) an event-driven and agent-based management of particular user tasks based on semantic cooperative reasoning.
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Flexible Generation of Pervasive Web Services Using OSGi Declarative Services and OWL Ontologies
Conference Paper
  • Jan 2009
There is a growing trend to deploy Web services in pervasive computing environments. Implementing Web services on networked, embedded devices leads to a set of challenges, including productivity of development, efficiency of Web services, and handling of variability and dependencies of hardware and software platforms. To address these challenges, we developed a Web service compiler called Limbo, in which Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies are used to make the Limbo compiler aware of its compilation context such as device hardware and software details, platform dependencies, and resource/power consumption. The ontologies are used to configure Limbo for generating resource-efficient Web service code.The architecture of Limbo follows the Blackboard architectural style and Limbo is implemented using the OSGi declarative services component model. The component model provides high flexibility for adding new compilation features. A number of evaluations show that the Limbo compiler is successful in terms of performance, completeness, and usability.
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SWRL: A semantic web rule language combining oWL and ruleML
Article
  • Jan 2007
This document contains a proposal for a Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) based on a combination of the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of the OWL Web Ontology Language with the Unary/Binary Datalog RuleML sublanguages of the Rule Markup Language. SWRL includes a high-level abstract syntax for Horn-like rules in both the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of OWL. A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide the formal meaning for OWL ontologies including rules written in this abstract syntax. An XML syntax based on RuleML and the OWL XML Presentation Syntax as well as an RDF concrete syntax based on the OWL RDF/XML exchange syntax are also given, along with several examples. Ce document propose un langage, SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language ou langage de règles du Web sémantique), basé sur une combinaison des sous langages OWL DL et OWL Lite du langage ontologique Web OWL, avec les sous langages Datalog RuleML unaire/binaire du langage Rule Markup Language. SWRL intègre une syntaxe abstraite de haut niveau pour les règles de Horn dans les sous langages OWL DL et OWL Lite de OWL. Un modèle sémantique théorique permettant d'établir la signification formelle des ontologies OWL, y compris des règles rédigées dans cette syntaxe abstraite, est présenté. Une syntaxe XML basée sur RuleML et la syntaxe de présentation de OWL XML, ainsi qu'une syntaxe RDF concrète basée sur la syntaxe d'échange de OWL RDF/XML sont également proposées, avec plusieurs exemples.
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