No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Analysis of Idiom Translation Strategies from English into Lithuanian
Abstract
In this article the translation of English idioms into Lithuanian and difficulties that translator meets will be analyzed. The aim of the article is to compare English and Lithuanian idioms in general, to present the problem of no equivalence in the target language, to look through main translation strategies used in translation of idioms and examine the choice of translation strategies used by R. Kirvaityt÷. The theoretical part is mostly based on M. Baker's, R. Moon's, P. Newmark's and G. Toury's theories. The analytical part is based on two A. Christie's novels Appointment with Death (2001) i and Death on the Nile (1977) ii and their translations made by R. Kirvaityt÷ from English into Lithuanian. Analysis was made of each book separately, however only overview of the most prevailing translation solutions used in all the translations from English into Lithuanian will be discussed in the article. The research has shown that there is a lack of equivalent idioms in Lithuanian language. In addition, the most prevailing translation strategy turned out to be paraphrasing both: stylistic and explanatory, also there were examples of an idiom with the same meaning and form, idiom with the similar meaning but different form and omission.
... dioms are culture-specific expressions which also allow little or no syntactical variation, posing a great challenge to the translator (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992;GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2009;STRAKŠIENE, 2009). However, it might be possible to translate them from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL). ...
... To begin with, idioms are non-compositional. They cannot be understood based on the attribution of isolated meanings to each of their components (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992;GRANT;BAUER, 2004;LEAH, 2012;MOON, 1998;RIVA;CAMACHO, 2010;STRAKŠIENE, 2009). Furthermore, falling under the concept of institutionalization, which concerns the degree a certain community is able to recognize a particular phrase (GRANT;BAUER, 2004;MOON, 1998;RIVA;CAMACHO, 2010), idioms are institutionalized because the more they have been constantly spoken by a considerable amount of people from linguistic communities over a determined period of time, the more they wind up being widely committed to the collective memory of speakers. ...
... Furthermore, idioms are regarded as culture-specific, allowing little or no syntactical variation and thus posing a great challenge to the subtitles translator (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992, GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2009STRAKŠIENE, 2009). In the translation realm, the translator wished for in these current times is the cultural mediator, whose role is to interpret "expressions, intentions, perceptions, and expectations of each cultural group to the other" so as to establish and balance communication between them (TAFT, 1981apud KATAN, 1999. ...
This study investigates how six idioms from the TV Series Bates Motel, Season 01, Episode 06 (BMS01E06) are translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in the official subtitles following one of Baker’s (1992) idioms translation suggestions: paraphrase. Specifically, it analyzes the meaning of such idioms in the English context compared to their meaning rendered in the BP context. The results point out that: i) the idioms may highlight the inexistence of English-Portuguese one-to-one idioms; ii) the figurativeness of the English idioms is found in different lexical items in BP paraphrases; iii) the subtitling technical constraints of time, space and presentation have been fulfilled in all cases analyzed. The conclusion reached is that culture-specific idioms can be translated in a particular context and subtitling translation may link different peoples and cultures.
... Understanding idiomatic expressions is considered to be problematic for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learner. Idioms are often unpredictable in meaning, that is, their meanings cannot always be derived from the literal meanings of the constituent parts (Strakšiene, 2009). Many idiomatic phrases appear to be decomposable or analyzable, with the meanings of their parts contributing independently to their overall figurative meaning. ...
... In addition, even though idioms are considered to be one of the -hardest and most interesting parts of the English vocabulary‖ they can be culturallyrestricted (Strakšiene, 2009) meaning that it can be -valid only within a particular culture‖ (Webster"s Third New International Dictionary, 2002).Culture plays an important role in the course of the idiom interpretation. It, therefore, requires enhancing cross-cultural awareness and needs openminded understanding of the culture of the second language from different aspects. ...
... There are three sub-classes of idioms according to Fernando (1996: 35) cited in Strakšiene (2009) and Shojaei (2012): ...
Idioms are an important part of acquiring a language and often indicate proficient learner. English idioms are a part of the cultural elements of the language which should be mastered by EFL learners. By developing a clear understanding of figurative language, such as idiomatic expressions, students can further comprehend texts that contain metaphorical and lexical meanings beyond the basic word level. However, learners with cultural literacy and language weakness are often challenged by idioms. There are several different ways to improve learners' idiom comprehension. The present article investigates what types of innovative teaching approaches and methods can be used when teaching idiomatic expressions to learners of English. It suggests that idioms need to be learned so increasing the learners' awareness of these unique words and phrases can help them learn to identify and interpret them with greater success.
... Understanding idiomatic expressions is considered to be problematic for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Idioms are often unpredictable in meaning, that is, their meanings cannot always be derived from the literal meanings of the constituent parts (Strakšiene, 2009). Many idiomatic phrases appear to be decomposable or analyzable, with the meanings of their parts contributing independently to their overall figurative meaning. ...
... In addition, even though idioms are considered to be one of the "hardest and most interesting parts of the English vocabulary" they can be culturallyrestricted (Strakšiene, 2009) meaning that it can be "valid only within a particular culture" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary, 2002). Culture plays an important role in the course of the idiom interpretation. ...
... There are three sub-classes of idioms according to Fernando (1996:35) cited in Strakšiene (2009) and Shojaei (2012): ...
Idioms are an important part of acquiring a language and often indicate a proficient learner. English idioms are a part of the cultural elements of the language which should be mastered by EFL learners. By developing a clear understanding of figurative language, such as idiomatic expressions, students can further comprehend texts that contain metaphorical and lexical meanings beyond the basic word level. However, learners with cultural literacy and language weakness are often challenged by idioms. There are several different ways to improve learners' idiom comprehension. The present paper investigates what types of innovative teaching approaches and methods can be used when teaching idiomatic expressions to learners of English. It suggests that idioms need to be learned so increasing the learners' awareness of these unique words and phrases can help them learn to identify and interpret them with greater success.
... dioms are culture-specific expressions which also allow little or no syntactical variation, posing a great challenge to the translator (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992;GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2009;STRAKŠIENE, 2009). However, it might be possible to translate them from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL). ...
... To begin with, idioms are non-compositional. They cannot be understood based on the attribution of isolated meanings to each of their components (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992;GRANT;BAUER, 2004;LEAH, 2012;MOON, 1998;RIVA;CAMACHO, 2010;STRAKŠIENE, 2009). Furthermore, falling under the concept of institutionalization, which concerns the degree a certain community is able to recognize a particular phrase (GRANT;BAUER, 2004;MOON, 1998;RIVA;CAMACHO, 2010), idioms are institutionalized because the more they have been constantly spoken by a considerable amount of people from linguistic communities over a determined period of time, the more they wind up being widely committed to the collective memory of speakers. ...
... Furthermore, idioms are regarded as culture-specific, allowing little or no syntactical variation and thus posing a great challenge to the subtitles translator (ADELNIA; DASTJERDI, 2011;BAKER, 1992, GEORGAKOPOULOU, 2009STRAKŠIENE, 2009). In the translation realm, the translator wished for in these current times is the cultural mediator, whose role is to interpret "expressions, intentions, perceptions, and expectations of each cultural group to the other" so as to establish and balance communication between them (TAFT, 1981apud KATAN, 1999. ...
This study investigates how six idioms from the TV Series Bates Motel, Season 01, Episode 06 (BMS01E06) are translated from English into Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in the official subtitles following one of Baker's (1992) idioms translation suggestions: paraphrase. Specifically, it analyzes the meaning of such idioms in the English context compared to their meaning rendered in the BP context. The results point out that: i) the idioms may highlight the inexistence of English-Portuguese one-to-one idioms; ii) the figurativeness of the English idioms is found in different lexical items in BP paraphrases; iii) the subtitling technical constraints of time, space and presentation have been fulfilled in all cases analyzed. The conclusion reached is that culture-specific idioms can be translated in a particular context and subtitling translation may link different peoples and cultures. Resumo: Este artigo investiga como seis expressões idiomáticas (EIs) da Série de TV Bates Motel, Temporada 01, Episódio 06 (BMT01E06) são traduzidas da Língua Inglesa (LI) para o Português Brasileiro (PB) nas legendas oficiais seguindo uma das sugestões de tradução de EIs de Baker (1992), paráfrase. Especificamente, analisa-se o sentido dessas EIs no contexto de LI comparando com as paráfrases no contexto do PB. Os resultados apontam que: i) as EIs sinalizam a possível inexistência de expressões similares entre LI e PB; ii) o sentido figurativo das EIs em LI é encontrado em diferentes itens lexicais nas paráfrases em PB; iii) os aspectos técnicos de legendagem (tempo, espaço, apresentação) são seguidos nos casos analisados. Conclui-se que EIs culturais podem ser traduzidas em contexto particular e que a tradução de legendas pode conectar diferentes povos e culturas. Palavras-chave: Tradução de expressões idiomáticas. Legendagem oficial. Série de tevê Bates Motel.
... However, in the study by Neshkovska (2018) using the strategy of similar meaning and form was absent due to the huge cultural and linguistic differences between source and target language in the study. According to Strakšienė (2009), one of factors that are indicative of the uniqueness of a culture and language is idioms. As a result, their translation, require a complete understanding of the source and target language. ...
... The selected translators are well established and translated profusely in the Iran context. According to Strakšienė (2009), for a task as delicate as translation, a complete understanding of both source and target language is necessary. As it was mentioned, the least frequently used strategy was "paraphrasing." ...
The present study aimed at examining the repertoire of strategies employed by Iranian translators in the task of translating idioms in novels. To achieve this aim, the study focused on the novel "Great expectations" written by Charles Dickens. The strategies proposed by Mona baker (1992) were the selected framework for the analysis. The results of the descriptive statistics helped the researchers to answer two research questions in this study mostly related to the types of strategies used and their frequencies. According to the findings, the least frequently used strategy was "paraphrase," with a percentage of 4.28%, and the most frequently used one was " using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form" with a percentage of 68.57%. The findings of this study will help educators in providing a comprehensive map of strategies used by Iranian translators in their task of translation across different fields of study.
... It requires enhancing cross-cultural awareness and needs open-minded understanding of the second language culture from different aspects. According to Straksiene, M. (2009) one of the main problems that face translator in translating idioms is the lack of equivalence on the idiom level. All languages have idioms but it is not easy to find an equivalent in the TL that corresponds to the idiom in the ST in both form and meaning. ...
The study aims to shed light on the main challenges encounter universities students in translating idiomatic expressions from English into Arabic and to discuss some translation strategies, which can help students in translating idiomatic expressions from English into Arabic. Therefore, to meet the objectives of this study the researcher used a test consisted of (10) idiomatic expressions for collecting the data of this study. The study is based on descriptive analytical approach. The test is corrected and the results have been analyzed in figures. The main findings of the study is that students of English language really find considerable difficulties in guessing the appropriate meaning of idiomatic expressions. As well, Students’ familiarity with English language idioms is somehow low and their ability to interpret idioms is limited, also translating idioms require mastering their situational occurrences and using the suitable techniques to avoid word-to-word translation and non-equivalence. The researcher also recommends that students need to be exposed more to idiomatic expressions in schools and universities, in order to extend their knowledge.As well as to be familiar with the different idiomatic expressions, moreover, Students should always show on and practice idioms to enrich their English language vocabulary and knowledge.
... Idioms and cultural expressions contain culture-specific items that may in some cases be difficult to translate. Also, Strakšiene (2009) claimed that one of the translator's main problems when translating idioms is this lack of equivalence in the idiomatic level. ...
Given the scarcity of studies looking into EFL student translators' difficulties and strategies revealed in tasks involving translation of English idioms, this study inspected both the translation problems and strategies reported by Saudi university students majoring in English translation when translating English culture-bound expressions and idioms into Arabic. To achieve this aim, the researchers recruited a random sample of 90 Saudi female students to complete a 30-item translation test that required written translation, followed by a short self-devised questionnaire. Validity and reliability for both study instruments were established by test-piloting and translation verification checks. The various translation strategies used by the participants were categorized according to existing strategic processing frameworks developed by Baker (1992) and Newmark (1998). This study revealed how the process of translating English idioms posed some difficulties for most of participating student translators. In particular, two main translation problems were observed: unsuccessful attempts to achieve item equivalence into Arabic, and inadequate knowledge of strategic translation. Moreover, the study reported a variety of five main translation strategies (paraphrasing, partial equivalence, omissions, use of precise English expressions, and total equivalence) being used in the test. Drawing on the study findings, some pedagogical implications and recommendations were presented and discussed.
... Idioms and cultural expressions contain culture-specific items that may in some cases be difficult to translate. Also, Strakšiene (2009) claimed that one of the translator's main problems when translating idioms is this lack of equivalence in the idiomatic level. ...
Given the scarcity of studies looking into EFL student translators’ difficulties and strategies revealed in tasks involving translation of English idioms, this study inspected both the translation problems and strategies reported by Saudi university students majoring in English translation when translating English culture-bound expressions and idioms into Arabic. To achieve this aim, the researchers recruited a random sample of 90 Saudi female students to complete a 30-item translation test that required written translation, followed by a short self-devised questionnaire. Validity and reliability for both study instruments were established by test-piloting and translation verification checks. The various translation strategies used by the participants were categorized according to existing strategic processing frameworks developed by Baker (1992) and Newmark (1998). This study revealed how the process of translating English idioms posed some difficulties for most of participating student translators. In particular, two main translation problems were observed: unsuccessful attempts to achieve item equivalence into Arabic, and inadequate knowledge of strategic translation. Moreover, the study reported a variety of five main translation strategies (paraphrasing, partial equivalence, omissions, use of precise English expressions, and total equivalence) being used in the test. Drawing on the study findings, some pedagogical implications and recommendations were presented and discussed.
... The rationale of the present study The rationale of the study was to find out the strategies for translating idiomatic expressions from the Urdu language to English. Strakšien (2009) examines the Translation of English sayings into Lithuanian and the challenges experienced by the interpreter. The reason for this article is to analyze English and Lithuanian figures of speech as a general rule, to introduce the issue of no proportionality in the objective language, to look at the primary Translation methodologies utilized in phrase Translation, and to inspect R. Kirvaityt's decision of Translation techniques. ...
Translating idioms might turn out to be the most complicated task for an interpreter in the deciphering process. A translator should perceive, comprehend, and dissect the informal articulations before choosing the most proper procedure to move a colloquial articulation from a source text in one language into an objective text in another language. The present study aims to find out, describe, and analyze Urdu mahawary (idiomatic expressions) in two short stories, "Overcoat" and "Anandi," to ace out the translation strategies when this short story is translated from Urdu into English. Mona Baker's model of idiom translation strategy was implemented to find out the barriers to translating idioms into selected short stories (Afsany) of Ghulam Abbas. According to the study findings, the researchers discovered that translation by paraphrase is the most commonly used strategy (63/122). According to Baker's (2001), reliable affirmation paraphrasing is the most well-known strategy for translating idioms when equality can't be found in the objective language. Translation by paraphrasing is the most incessant technique used to decipher expressions because the same figures of speech in Urdu are not accessible. This study will be important for the understudies, educators, and researchers inspired by translation studies.
... While translating idiomatic from one language to another, translators face multiple issues at stylistic, cultural and even religious level (Smadi, 2015:124). Straksiene (2009) claims that although translator faces many problems but the most important of these problems in the translation of idioms and the issue of equivalence at idiomlevel. There is no language without an idiom but it is never an easy task to find exact equivalent in the target language that can be claimed as full equivalent to the idiom in the source language both in meaning and form. ...
... (10) Jerry leaving his dirty dishes in the sink for days became a bone of contention between him and his roommate. (11) We've fought for so long that we've forgotten what the bone of contention is. ...
... Learning these figurative expressions is considered to be problematic for learners. The meanings of idioms can not always be derived from the literal meanings of their words (Strakšiene, 2009). "Many idiomatic phrases appear to be decomposable or analyzable, with the meanings of their parts contributing independently to their overall figurative meaning" (Asri and Rochmawati, 2017, p. 47). ...
This study investigated the strategies and difficulties of learning English idioms among university students. The
sample consisted of one hundred and twenty-nine students enrolled in the second semester of the academic year
2020/2021. The researcher prepared a questionnaire to identify the strategies employed by students to facilitate
learning idioms and to explore the difficulties that faced them during their learning. The results showed that the
participants had difficulty to learn idioms. They also revealed that the most common used strategies were
predicting the meaning of the idioms, translating them to the first language, guessing the meaning of idiomatic
expressions from the context, depending on verbal and visual information, and looking up unfamiliar idioms in
the dictionary. The researcher gave some pedagogical implications and recommendations about learning idioms
for further studies.
Keywords: Idiomatic expressions, figurative meaning, learning strategies, learning difficulties, innovative
learning strategies
... They may perform in different discourse within the text or interactions. In this case, Fernando (1996) classified three main characters performed by idiomatic expressions: 'ideational, interpersonal and relational' (as cited in Strakšienė, 2009). The very first one indicates content that consists of an action (e.g., pull an invisible string). ...
This paper makes an effort to investigate the obstacles in nonequivalence at the idiomatic and expressional level and then presents some certain factors to face such difficulties in Animal Farm novel (1945) by George Orwell and its translation by Amir Amirshahi (1969). The researchers in the current study try by analyzing six certain strategies as using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning and form, similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language, translation by paraphrase, translation by the omission of a play on idiomatic expression and translation by the omission of entire idiomatic expression (Baker, 2011). Moreover, the present research is a descriptive, non-judgmental, comparative and corpus-based analysis of English-Persian parallel study. The findings demonstrate the fact that the practical ways in the translation of idiomatic expressions presented by Baker (2011) are applicable, and the most useable strategy is using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning but dissimilar form at 35.96%.
... This strand of studies examines how textual elements on wordorder and sentence-order levels are transformed in translation. The following list surveys some items of concern: loanwords (Miliūnaitė 2004), lexical gaps, especially those arising from morphological asymmetries (Cvilikaitė 2007), lexical pseudo-equivalents in the translations of Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary and Wurtzel's Prosac Nation (Stankevičienė 2002), cohesive devices (Buitkienė 2010), infinitive and infinitival constructions (Bernotaitė 2005), semantic inadequacies and compensatory lexical measures (Končius and Nausėda 2006), translation shifts on grammatical, lexical and pragmatic levels of the text (Baranauskienė and Kriščiūnaitė 2008), contrastive analysis of extenders in English-Lithuanian pairs across several text types, including prose (Ruzaitė 2010), idioms in the translations of Agatha Christie's Appointment with Death (2001) and Death on the Nile (1977) (Strakšienė 2009), noun-incorporating constructions in the translations of Charles Dickens' David Copperfield and Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms (Žukauskienė and Roikienė 2006), denominal verbs in the translation of Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Roikienė and Narmontienė 2008), misinterpretations of the function of word order in the English translation of Balys Sruoga's Dievų miškas (Petronienė 2007). All these small-scale studies of typological character register stylistic preferences and differences between English and Lithuanian with respect to some lexical item or grammatical category. ...
The current article surveys the scope and the major assumptions of domestic critical discourse on literary translation from English into Lithuanian since 1990. The market conditions have changed enormously since Lithuania moved to a market-free economy and chose a democratic ruling system, thus affecting all the spheres of culture, including literary and translation production. Critical evaluation of quality, adequacy, norms and other related issues of literary translation does not seem to keep pace with a rapid production of literary translation. Since the publication of a textbook on translation by Armalytė and Pažūsis (1990), no other fundamental work has been published in this area. The current review of critical discourse on literary translation includes two major sources of periodical literature – that is, academic papers in scholarly magazines and critical reviews in newspapers and magazines targeting wider readership. The major aim of this review is to identify the potentials and limits of national critical discourse by examining topic areas, critical standards applied to the evaluation of actual translations, and some metadiscoursal issues.
... However, the study showed that idioms translated by applying the literal strategy were not understandable by the target language reader, the case which means that this strategy failed. Furthermore, a study by Strakšienė (2009) discussed the strategies of translating idioms and highlighted the difficulties that translators face when translating idioms from English into Lithuanian. To examine strategies of translating idioms, the researcher used two books by Agatha Christie, analyzing each novel separately to compare the translation of idioms into Lithuanian. ...
... Baker (1992: 68) admits the complexity of translating idioms that contain culture-specific items, saying, "It is not the specific items an expression contains but rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific context which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. " In her comparative study of idioms in English and Lithuanian, Straksiene (2009) found that "there is a lack of equivalent idioms in Lithuanian language" (13). Saeed (2004) showed how two unrelated languages "can differ in their assessment of speech situations…" (267). ...
This study endeavors to explore the problems that Translation trainees’ mother culture poses when translating culture-specific idioms. The study used a translation task that comprises 20 culture-specific English idioms which incorporate lexical entities that can have negative connotations in the Arabic culture. The task was distributed to 40 randomly selected translation trainees, senior undergraduate translation students at the Department of Arabic and Translation, College of Languages, Sana’a University. Findings of the study show that the trainees’ mother culture had a considerable impact on the translation process. This impact exhibited itself in many forms, the most prominent of which is the tendency to offer a culturally-driven judgment of the content of the idiom instead of translating the idiom itself. The paper delineates the various forms of cultural interference as seen in the trainees’ renditions of the idioms in the study.
... The results were consistent with the 'language experience' view of figurative development and questioned the hypothesis that idioms were learned as giant lexical units. Straksiene (2009) analyzed the idiom translation strategies from English to Lithuanian. He also analyzed the difficulties he had faced in his research. ...
ABSTRACT
SOCCER IS THE WORLD’S MOST POPULAR FORM OF SPORT, BEING PLAYED IN EVERY NATION WITHOUT EXCEPTION. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THIS FIELD AS THEY ARE THE UNSEPERATABLE PART OF SOCCER. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE STRATEGIES USED IN THE TRANSLATION OF SOCCER IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS FROM ENGLISH TO PERSIAN BASED ON THE MODEL PURPOSED BY BAKER (1992). THIS STUDY WAS AN ATTEMPT TO FIND OUT WHICH STRATEGIES WERE USED MOST/LEAST FREQUENTLY IN TRANSLATION OF SOCCER IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS. TO DO THIS, 200 ENGLISH SOCCER IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WERE RANDOMLY EXTRACTED FROM 3 SPORTS WEBSITES AND 96 OF THEM (SINCE ONLY FOR THESE 96 IDIOMS PERSIAN EQUIVALENTS WERE AVAILABLE IN ALL THE FOUR ENGLISH-TO-PERSIAN DICTIONARIES APPLIED) WERE USED AS SAMPLE DATA BASED ON PURPOSIVE SAMPLING. TO ANALYZE THE DATA OF THE STUDY, BAKER’S (1992) MODEL WAS EMPLOYED. THE FINDINGS REVEALED THAT STRATEGY 2, ‘USING AN IDIOM OF SIMILAR MEANING BUT DISSIMILAR FORM’ WAS USED MOST FREQUENTLY BY THE FOUR TRANSLATORS AND STRATEGY 5, ‘TRANSLATING BY OMISSION’ WAS USED LEAST FREQUENTLY BY THEM. EACH TRANSLATOR USED THE STRATEGIES DIFFERENTLY. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE NOT OBSERVED AMONG THE TRANSLATORS IN THE APPLICATION OF STRATEGIES 1(USING AN IDIOM OF SIMILAR MEANING AND FORM), 2 (USING AN IDIOM OF SIMILAR MEANING BUT DISSIMILAR FORM) AND 3(BORROWING THE SOURCE LANGUAGE IDIOM) BUT WERE OBSERVED IN THE APPLICATION OF STRATEGY 4(TRANSLATION BY PARAPHRASE). THE THIRD LEVEL OF INTER TRANSLATOR CONSISTENCY WAS ALSO OBSERVED TO BE MOST FREQUENT (42 TIMES, 43.8%) MEANING THAT 42 TIMES THREE TRANSLATORS HAD USED A COMMON STRATEGY. THE FINDINGS OF THE PRESENT STUDY WERE IN LINE WITH THOSE REPORTED BY RASHIDI AND MAVADDAT (2014). STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND WRITERS WITHIN THE REALM OF SPORT COULD BE POSSIBLE USERS OF THE FINDINGS OF THE PRESENT STUDY.
KEYWORDS: SOCCER, IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS, TRANSLATION, TRANSLATION STRATEGIES.
... A large number of idioms cause translation difficulties as they have a flavour of national culture and should be regarded as culture specific (Strakšienė, 2009;Yang, 2012, Shojaei, 2012. Therefore, the above presented Example 4 is looked upon as a culture specific item illustrating the omission of the Lithuanian idiom "su galva" meaning "intelligence, knowledge, thought" (DLKŽ, 2011) instead of selecting an English equivalent, this expression is replaced by a word "resourceful". ...
The goal of surtitling as a mode of audiovisual translation (AVT) is to help the opera-goers to overcome language barriers faced in opera production. Modern technologies have made opera production more audience-friendly introducing new languages and works in opera houses worldwide. However, this relatively new field of research has not been investigated in Lithuania. Hence, this study aims at the analysis of surtitling as a new field of research highlighting technical and translation issues as well as complexity and obstacles that are encountered when producing this kind of translation. Even though subtitling and surtitling hold a number of similarities as two modes of language transfer when translating different types of audiovisual media, there are differences in their production process likewise technical difficulties to be dealt with. As illustration of multiple nature of opera surtitling, a contemporary opera performance Have a Good Day! is chosen. The modern opera, revealing inner lives, secret thoughts and wishes of cashiers in a shopping centre, includes a number of culture-specific items that are grouped according to Davies’s classification of translation strategies. Not only culture-specific items are studied, but also particular means like entries for different parts of chorus and vocal lines that interlace at the same time preserving syllabic number and rhyme pattern in libretto translation are thoroughly considered in the research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.26.12422
... For more about English idioms see Strakšienė (2009, pp.13-19). ...
The difficulties that the translator meets while translating English idioms into Russian language will be analyzed in this article. The aim of the article is to present the problem of equivalence in the target language, to look through main translation strategies used in translation of idioms and examine the choice of translation strategies used by V. Kotkina. The theoretical part is mostly based on Shansky's, Vinogradov's, Senina's and Recker's theories. There is a short review of English idioms, which were discussed in the previous article, based on Baker's, Toury's and other English scholars' theories. The analytical part is based on A. Christie's novel 4.50 from Paddington and its translation made by V. Kotkina from English into Russian. Analysis provides a general overview of the most prevailing translation solutions used in the translation from English into Russian. The research has shown that even though there are a number of exact equivalents in the target language, still there is a lack of equivalent idioms in Russian language. In addition, the most prevailing translation strategy turned out to be translation by description according to Vinogradov, also there were examples of translation by applying exact equivalents and partial equivalents in the target language. Introduction Phraseological units represent quite a large part of linguistics. Very often they reflect the peculiarities of the culture of the language they belong to; moreover they reflect history of that nation, their attitude towards world, stereotypes they believe in, etc. Furthermore, phraseological units usually are formed from national sayings, prejudices, and cultural traditions. Russian language as well as English is very reach of phraseologisms. They are used in various styles of language such as literature, colloquial style and publicistic style. The purposes of the article are to overview Russian phraseologisms and analyze translation peculiarities from English into Russian language as there is a lack of information on translation problems from idiomatic point of view. This research may help other translators cope with arising problems of equivalence in the target language and encourage them to look mo closely at various translation strategies suggested for translation of idioms.
Migration waves based on economic, social, and political reasons, which are becoming increasingly common today, bring people with different cultural structures and life experiences together in a short time. Schools, which are one of the institutions reflecting the structure of societies, have turned into multicultural environments with students from different languages, religions, ethnicities, and social classes with population mobility in the world. Like culture, language has evolved, been learned, and been transmitted over time. Through language, which gives identity to cultural groups, we convey the feelings and thoughts that we have acquired under the influence of the culture we are in. Language has been thought of as a reflection of a culture. For this reason, foreign language teaching in multicultural educational settings is crucial for students to get to know both their own culture and other cultures. This research aims to describe the role and benefits of multiculturalism in foreign language teaching by reviewing the related literature. It has been known that by permitting diversity in class, providing equitable chances for students, and demanding change and innovation in the teaching and learning process, multiculturalism brings a new perspective to foreign language teaching. Emphasizing the inseparability between culture and language, the related literature has concluded that multiculturalism can be easily integrated into the foreign language teaching proces s and have a positive effect on students' language learning success,motivation, and attitude toward different cultures.
Idioms are difficult to translate because of their unpredictable meaning and grammar. This study focuses on the strategies of translating idioms in Christie's novel 'The Murder on the Links' into Arabic. The aim of this study is to examine the strategies used by the translator when translating idioms into Arabic and examine the impacts of using these strategies when deducing the meanings of the idioms translated into Arabic. The theoretical part is based on Baker's strategies for translating idioms. In this study, a qualitative-analytical approach is adopted to analyse the strategies used in translating idioms. The analytical part is based on the novel 'The Murder on The Links' by Christie and the Arabic translation by Elbaradei. The data of the study consists of 90 idioms from the novel 'The Murder on The Links'. The results of the study showed that the translator adopted four strategies in translating idioms from English into Arabic, namely using an idiom with an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, using an idiom with an idiom of similar meaning and form, paraphrasing and omission. Although previous studies have shown that paraphrasing was the most common strategy, this study showed that the strategy of translating an idiom with an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form was the most commonly used strategy when translating idioms from English into Arabic. The results also showed that when deducing the meaning of idioms translated into Arabic, most idioms were explicitly rendered.
The present study sought to investigate the idiomatic expressions in a literary Text based on Baker's (19992) model. More specifically, this study is conducted to find strategies for translating idioms into the English language. It also highlighted if Baker's strategies were distributed equally through English translation. More importantly, the shortcomings of the idiom translations were presented. The corpus is composed of Moradi Kermani's The Date Palm as Source Text (ST), with the English translation as Target Text (TT) by Croskery (2017). Based on the received data, "translation by paraphrase" strategies have been used in many cases and frequently by the translator. This strategy is most commonly used in translating idioms when the translator cannot find any equivalents for the source idiom. The least frequent strategies related to "using an idiom of similar meaning and form" that translator attempts to find an expression in the target language which is equivalent to the source language both in terms of meaning as well as lexical items.
Phraseotranslation: Problems, Methods, Concepts The aim of the article is to signal the difficulties and problems that appear when phraseology is translated. The author presents the process of phraseotranslation and selected methods and concepts that are used in translating various polylexical phraseological structures. Furthermore, she analyses the very idea of phraseotranslation as a scholarly term and in relation to the interdisciplinary field of research. An effective translation implies equivalent messages in two different linguistic codes, which becomes extremely difficult in case of phraseology. The multiple-word structures entrenched in natural languages are therefore a major challenge in the process of translation and can be a prominent difficulty even for professional translators.
beside their literal meanings, Allãh expressions have acquired over time a number of non-literal meanings that have become accessible to speakers as conventionalized meanings. The present study highlights that Allãh expressions can be used as devices to achieve certain conversational purposes such as holding the floor, changing the topic, closing a turn or ending a conversation. It is a conversation analysis study concerned with investigating the function of Allãh expressions; it aims at exploring what function these expressions may achieve in Arabic everyday interaction.
The translation of sport idiomatic expressions from English into Arabic represents a difficult task for the translators. This difficult task increases when such expressions are decontextualized.
This study aims to pinpoint the impact of context in helping translators to provide appropriate translations for such idioms with regard to idiom types, game types and the translators’ familiarity with these idioms.
The study hypothesizes that the context is indispensable in translating idioms as cultural bound expressions and that familiarity with them, the type of games and the type of idioms also positively affects their appropriate translations.
Theoretically, the study presents a literature review and theoretical background on translation, idioms and their types, functions, restrictions, strategies of their translation, and a brief account of the impact of context in translating them.
Practically, the data used for analysis comprise 30 sport idiomatic expressions which are carefully selected from 10 different familiar and less familiar types of games. The selection of these expressions depends on the types of idioms according to Moon’s model (1998) of whether they are transparent, semi-transparent, or opaque ones, with some modification of her model. These expressions are given to 10 teachers from the Department of Translation, College of Arts, University of Mosul, in the first semester of the academic year 2019, in the form of three tests with an interval of one week between each test: decontextualized, in a sport context, and in everyday language context respectively. The subjects are asked to do the translations on their own and without resorting to dictionaries, i.e. to depend on their own ability, on their background cultural knowledge and their familiarity with these idioms to infer the meaning.
Chief among the findings of the study are that context positively affects the translation of sport idiomatic expressions and that more appropriate translations are provided within the context, whether it is sport or non-sport, rather than without it. Also the type of game within context rather than the type of idiom is more effective in providing such appropriate translations. The study also reveals that familiarity with these idiomatic expressions helps to infer their meanings within context and hence translating them appropriately.
Proverbs are very important in every language and culture. However, translators sometimes mistranslate them. Thus, this study sheds light on the translation quality assessment of proverbs. These proverbs are collected from One thousand and one English proverbs translated into Arabic by Omar Jabak. This study aims at pointing out the most frequently used strategies for translating proverbs, and investigating how far Na Pham's error analysis model is appropriate for the description and assessment of the strategies used in translating these proverbs. Na Pham's error analysis model is used to identify comprehension, linguistic and translation errors. Moreover, this study aims at detecting the most common errors under each strategy used. The findings of this study show that Na Pham's error analysis model is appropriate for the assessment. It also reveals that there are certain types of errors which are committed more often than others. In addition, it uncovers that the types of errors detected when translating proverbs using partial equivalence and paraphrasing are very similar. Comprehension errors, giving an inaccurate meaning, and distorting the meaning are the most frequently detected errors when translating proverbs using partial equivalents and paraphrasing. On the other hand, wrong lexical choice and too-literal translation are the most frequently detected errors when using literal translation. Finally, this study suggests solutions for improving the quality of Arabic translations of proverbs. In addition, some recommendations for further studies are suggested.
beside their literal meanings, Allãh expressions have acquired over time a number of non-literal meanings that have become accessible to speakers as conventionalized meanings. The present study highlights that Allãh expressions can be used as devices to achieve certain conversational purposes such as holding the floor, changing the topic, closing a turn or ending a conversation. It is a conversation analysis study concerned with investigating the function of Allãh expressions; it aims at exploring what function these expressions may achieve in Arabic everyday interaction.
This paper explores the translation of idioms across a set of languages (viz. English, Arabic, French, Kurdish, Persian and Turkish), applying Baker's (1992/2011) strategies for translating idioms. The study first examines Baker's strategies as to whether they can be considered a practical model to extrapolate in rendering idioms across languages. Secondly, given the type of strategies employed, the study attempts to find out whether idioms can be treated as a culture-specific or universal phenomenon. The results show that Baker's strategies require modification to be considered a practical model, and that idioms generally carry properties of the culture in which they emerge.
The purpose of this study is to cast light on the pragmatic shifts in translating Islamic expressions from Arabic into English. This study investigates presupposition and deixis shifts in translating Islamic expressions. Qualitative and quantitative instruments were used in the data collection. The study sample consisted of (30) senior students from the Department of English Language and Literature at the School of Languages in the University of Jordan /Aqaba. Participants were given (9) Islamic expressions to translate from Arabic into English. The findings of the study revealed that participants resorted to pragmatic shifts when employing the translation strategies of omission, addition, and substitution. Moreover, the findings showed that pragmatic shifts such as presupposition and deixis shifts sometimes change the intended meaning of the original text. Using pragmatic shifts by translators might sometimes cause distortion in translating the intended meaning of the source text. This study will explore the main causes of using pragmatic shifts amongst translation students when translating Islamic expressions.
This study aimed at identifying the English idioms as well as fixed expressions used by Agatha Christie in her novel, Appointment with Death, and how they was translated into Arabic by Omar Abdulaziz Ameen. The study principally aimed to highlight the strategies used by the translator to overcome the problem of no equivalence in the target language. Baker's strategies for translating idioms (1992) formed the basis of the theoretical part of the study. The analytical part comprised Agatha Christie's novel, Appointment with Death (2001) and the translation of the novel by Ameen from English into Arabic. The study concentrated on the most dominant translation solutions when translating idioms from English into Arabic. A lack of equivalent idioms in the Arabic language was one of the outcomes of this study. Further investigations showed that the most prevailing translation strategy used by the translator encompassed paraphrasing. The translated version highlighted the challenges of switching between different cultural, conceptual and linguistic frames of reference.
Proverbially, NCIS deserves special attention. This American series, which follows a team from the Naval Criminal Investigation Services, features a foreign character (agent Ziva David) that uses proverbs and idioms profusely but inappropriately. These awkward utterances are so prominent and frequent that they have been named “Zivaisms” by the fans. The purpose of this study is to show the importance of this phenomenon in the TV programme and to what extent this proverb and idiom twisting habit can be viewed as a strategy from the series makers, and not just a mere idiosyncrasy from Ziva. To do so, I shall begin by separating and defining from a neutral point of view the notions of “proverb” and “idiom”. I shall also discuss the different categories of “proverb-twisting” and propose a simple classification. These preliminaries will help avoid confusion while analysing the corpus, which is composed of Zivaisms on the one hand, and on the other hand, of the “standard” sayings that have been misused by Ziva. The analysis of some Zivaisms will then allow to reveal their function and purpose, thus unveiling a more global scheme. Finally, the difficulties generated by such Zivaisms will be broached, such as the ways to translate them and their surprising but actual translation in the French version of the TV programme
The paper explores the notion of translating idioms and idiomatic expressions in the literary context. Drawing on the current research in phraseology and translation studies, the authors first define and confront crucial terms used in German, Slavonic and Anglophone tradition. Subsequently, a translational perspective on multiword idiomatic expressions is discussed in more detail. Not only does the paper summarize and compare various scholarly approaches to translating idioms, but it also outlines the criteria and specific strategies for transferring idioms from the source to the target language. Considering the outlined theoretical perspectives, the paper then brings forward a thorough analysis of translating idiomatic expressions within the scope of Hans Fallada’s novel Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frißt by comparing the German source text with its Slovak translation. The research suggests that in addition to other translation strategies, compensation is a significant constituent in preserving or altering the stylistic dominants of the source text. © 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved.
In translator training, the process of planning and implementing the teaching process and the design of teaching materials should be dynamic and flexible. With the future purpose to design teaching materials for idiom translation, this study proposes to explore those characteristics of idioms which might cause difficulties when translating them and some of the various classifications of idioms. Some of the relevant factors which might determine the appropriateness and acceptability of idiom translation and some of the translation strategies recommended in the specialized literature will also be presented. We proposed to analyse the idiom-translating solutions and strategies which the literary translator of the novel “A Game of Thrones” chose while translating it into Hungarian. Our aim is to decide whether the novel can be an appropriate source for authentic teaching material. We chose this novel mainly because it has recently become very popular among students, it is rich in idioms, and we believe that different aspects of idiom typology and different strategies used in idiom translation can be exemplified, demonstrated, and practised with the help of different tasks based on the original text and its Hungarian translation.
Abstract
In a study involving two languages: French and Arabic, this thesis examines the patterns and meanings of Arabic religious expressions as a code alternation practice in Algerian television interviews. It is concerned with investigating what participants may accomplish by selecting Arabic over French in some points of interaction to deploy religious expressions in their utterances. It also aims at exploring what the function is that these expressions may achieve for the organization of talk-in-interaction. Based on their manifestation in the participants’ utterances, the current study identifies four categories of the use of religious expressions in Algerian media talk where they appear as: transition words to switch to Arabic to keep going on in interaction; in adjacency pairs as a result of a reciprocal invocation between participants; devices to hold the floor and continue turns in interaction; and finally, signals for closing turns and shifting topics where a speakership change or a move to a new topic is possible.
Keywords: conversation analysis, code alternation, code-switching, transfer, religious expressions, turn constructional unit, transition relevance place.
In a study involving two languages: French and Arabic, this thesis examines the patterns and meanings of Arabic religious expressions as a code alternation practice in Algerian television interviews. It is concerned with investigating what participants may accomplish by selecting Arabic over French in some points of interaction to deploy religious expressions in their utterances. It also aims at exploring what the function is that these expressions may achieve for the organization of talk-in-interaction. Based on their manifestation in the participants’ utterances, the current study identifies four categories of the use of religious expressions in Algerian media talk where they appear as: transition words to switch to Arabic to keep going on in interaction; in adjacency pairs as a result of a reciprocal invocation between participants; devices to hold the floor and continue turns in interaction; and finally, signals for closing turns and shifting topics where a speakership change or a move to a new topic is possible.
Chengyu ialah subkategori peribahasa Cina yang tersusun daripada empat aksara yang indah dan puitis serta mengungkapkan makna yang tertentu, sama ada secara tersurat ataupun secara tersirat. Makalah ini membincangkan strategi penterjemahan chengyu ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Data kajian melibatkan sejumlah 208 chengyu yang dikutip secara manual daripada novel Jia , karya susastera agung yang dihasilkan oleh sasterawan negara China, Ba Jin pada awal abad ke-20 dan terjemahannya berjudul Keluarga , terbitan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (1995). Kerangka teori yang dipilih secara eklektikmerangkumi definisi penterjemahan Larson (1984), definisi dan pengkategorian chengyu Wu Zhan Kun dan Wang Qin serta strategi penterjemahan chengyu Chen Wen Bo.Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penterjemahan chengyu bersifat dinamik. Didapati bahawa strategi penterjemahan yang diaplikasikan terpengaruh oleh tiga faktor yang utama, iaitu jenis chengyu yang hadir dalam teks sumber, konteks ayat kehadirannya serta kesamaan dan kelainan konsep pemikiran antara bahasa sumber dengan bahasa sasaran. Antara strategi yang dikesan termasuklah strategi terjemahan lambang,terjemahan makna, terjemahan separa, pengguguran, terjemahan pragmatik dan terjemahan literal. Dalam hal ini, strategi terjemahan separa Chen boleh diperluas skopnya untuk dimanfaatkan dalam penterjemahan chengyu yang binaan hadapan mengandungi makna yang berlainan daripada makna binaan belakang. Kajian ini turut menemui dua strategi baharu, iaitu strategi serangkai yang melibatkan gabungan mana-mana dua strategi serta strategi pemberian padanan sejadi. Sesungguhnya, usaha penerokaan makna chengyu secara menyeluruh serta penerapan strategi penterjemahan yang sesuai dan berkesan amat mustahak bagi menjamin ketepatan penyalinan semula makna di samping mengekalkan lambang dan bentuk yang sama ke dalam bahasa sasaran. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/GEMA-2014-1402-06
The purpose of this article is to analyse alliteration in proverbs. These are creations of the collective imaginary or facts of the language belonging to the expressive linguistic area of a specific people. Like other mnemotechnical means such as rhyme or assonance, the alliteration contributes to put out in bold relief the music and the rhythm in proverbs. It also helps to make the ideas whith a moral value more obvious. I have described the structure of the alliteration, especially in arranging the alliterant words. I have also emphasized the effects of using this stylistic means which is frequently used in paremiology.
The purpose of this article is to analyse alliteration in proverbs. These are creations of the collective imaginary or facts of the language belonging to the expressive linguistic area of a specific people. Like other mnemotechnical means such as rhyme or assonance, the alliteration contributes to put out in bold relief the music and the rhythm in proverbs. It also helps to make the ideas whith a moral value more obvious. I have described the structure of the alliteration, especially in arranging the alliterant words. I have also emphasized the effects of using this stylistic means which is frequently used in paremiology.
The new edition of this popular course in translation from French into English offers a challenging practical approach to the acquisition of translation skills, with clear explanations of the theoretical issues involved. A variety of translation issues are considered including: cultural differences register and dialect genre revision and editing. The course now covers texts from a wide range of sources, including: journalism and literature commercial, legal and technical texts songs and recorded interviews. This is essential reading for advanced undergraduates and postgraduate students of French on translation courses. The book will also appeal to wide range of language students and tutors.
This edition has been replaced by a new edition and is no longer available for purchase.
A replacement of the author's well-known book on Translation Theory, In Search of a Theory of Translation (1980), this book makes a case for Descriptive Translation Studies as a scholarly activity as well as a branch of the discipline, having immediate consequences for issues of both a theoretical and applied nature. Methodological discussions are complemented by an assortment of case studies of various scopes and levels, with emphasis on the need to contextualize whatever one sets out to focus on. Part One deals with the position of descriptive studies within TS and justifies the author's choice to devote a whole book to the subject. Part Two gives a detailed rationale for descriptive studies in translation and serves as a framework for the case studies comprising Part Three. Concrete descriptive issues are here tackled within ever growing contexts of a higher level: texts and modes of translational behaviour — in the appropriate cultural setup; textual components — in texts, and through these texts, in cultural constellations. Part Four asks the question: What is knowledge accumulated through descriptive studies performed within one and the same framework likely to yield in terms of theory and practice?
Text Typology and Translation
- A Trosborg
Trosborg, A., ed., 1997. Text Typology and Translation.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins B.V.
Lietuvių kalbos frazeologijos žodynas
- J Paulauskas
Paulauskas, J., 1977. Lietuvių kalbos frazeologijos žodynas. Kaunas:
Šviesa.
Idioms and Idiomaticity
- C Fernando
Fernando, C., 1994. Idioms and Idiomaticity. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
English Idioms and How to Use Them
- J S Mcmordiew
McMordiew, J. S., 1983. English Idioms and How to Use Them.
Moscow: Vyschaja shkola.