Content uploaded by Martin Christopher
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Martin Christopher on Apr 08, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Supply Chain Risk Management: Outlining an Agenda for Future Research
International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications
Abstract and Figures
In recent years the issue of supply chain risk has been pushed to the fore, initially by fears related to possible disruptions from the much publicised “millennium bug”. Y2K passed seemingly without incident, though the widespread disruptions caused by fuel protests and then Foot and Mouth Disease in the UK, and by terrorist attacks on the USA have underlined the vulnerability of modern supply chains. Despite increasing awareness among practitioners, the concepts of supply chain vulnerability and its managerial counterpart supply chain risk management are still in their infancy. This paper seeks to identify an agenda for future research and to that end the authors go on to clarify the concept of supply chain risk management and to provide a working definition. The existing literature on supply chain vulnerability and risk management is reviewed and compared with findings from exploratory interviews undertaken to discover practitioners' perceptions of supply chain risk and current supply chain risk management strategies.
Figures - uploaded by Martin Christopher
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Martin Christopher
Content may be subject to copyright.
... The growing susceptibility of supply chains to disruptions-ranging from natural disasters and pandemics to supplier bankruptcies and geopolitical tensions-has driven the evolution of structured SCRM approaches (Ho et al., 2015;Lochan et al., 2021). Foundational models such as the risk matrix, fault tree analysis, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) have been widely employed in procurement planning to identify vulnerabilities at the supplier, process, and network levels (Jüttner et al., 2003). In the retail context, these models are essential due to high product variety, fluctuating demand, short life cycles, and the reliance on just-in-time inventory strategies (Namdar et al., 2017). ...
... Despite higher transaction and coordination costs, multi-sourcing has been associated with superior supply risk performance metrics such as lower lead-time volatility, fewer stockouts, and greater supplier competition (Ho et al., 2015). Advanced data analytics tools and digital procurement platforms have further supported the management of multi-supplier portfolios through performance tracking and automated risk scoring (Jüttner et al., 2003). Scholars also note that dual sourcing is highly effective in balancing risk and cost when demand variability is moderate and suppliers differ in lead times or geographical exposure (Giannakis & Papadopoulos, 2016). ...
This systematic literature review investigates the multidimensional strategies employed in managing procurement risks within retail supply chains, emphasizing how modern retail environments are reshaping sourcing practices, risk modeling, and supplier relationship management. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the study identified, screened, and reviewed a total of 98 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2024. The objective was to synthesize current academic and practical developments related to procurement risk, with a focus on themes such as sourcing flexibility, digital transformation, disruption response mechanisms, supplier performance measurement, and sustainability compliance. The analysis reveals a substantial evolution from traditional cost-driven procurement practices to resilience-centric models designed to mitigate the complex risks faced by globally distributed, high-velocity retail supply chains. Among the most significant findings is the widespread adoption of multi-sourcing, dual sourcing, and just-in-case inventory strategies, particularly in response to global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the integration of digital technologies—including artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, blockchain, and the Internet of Things—has enabled procurement functions to transition from reactive to proactive risk management approaches, facilitating real-time supplier performance tracking and enhanced cross-tier visibility. The study also highlights a shift toward relational contracting and collaborative supplier partnerships, which are increasingly recognized as critical enablers of continuity, compliance, and shared risk responsibility. Despite these advancements, the review identifies persistent research gaps, including a lack of standardized supplier agility metrics, insufficient modeling of Tier-2 and Tier-3 supplier risk, and fragmentation in the application of procurement risk modeling frameworks across sectors. By consolidating diverse strands of literature, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of retail procurement risk management and outlines future research opportunities aimed at strengthening procurement resilience, technological integration, and sustainability in global retail ecosystems.
... These often appear early but are not always tracked. The Risk-Management Resilience Framework provides tools for identifying early signals [31], while the Kraljic Matrix helps evaluate staffing partners based on risk and dependency [32]. For instance, using long-term sourcing channels reduces exposure during peak seasons, while evaluating staffing agencies by responsiveness improves reliability. ...
This study explores how predictive analytics contributes to workforce resilience in Dutch third-party logistics (3PL) operations. Faced with labour shortages, high turnover, and unpredictable demand, 3PL providers are turning to predictive tools to strengthen workforce planning. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines survey data from 75 logistics professionals with case study validation to assess whether predictive analytics improves labour stability, adaptability, and risk mitigation. With a margin of error of ±11.3%, results suggest that higher adoption correlates most strongly with improved workforce stability and structured risk management. Integration success is linked to dashboard use, phased rollouts, and data accuracy. However, issues such as resistance to change, poor forecasting inputs, and fragmented systems continue to limit outcomes. The findings suggest that predictive analytics supports workforce resilience only when paired with strategic alignment and internal readiness. Future research should explore long-term adoption effects, policy interactions, and cross-sector comparisons.
... Initially, supply chain vulnerability was defined as a form of "random disturbance" by Svensson [1], emphasizing the sensitivity and resilience of supply chain systems to both external and internal risks. Subsequent research has further developed this concept, highlighting diverse dimensions that span from identifying risk sources [2] to analyzing systemic consequences [3][4][5].With the acceleration of globalization, supply chain vulnerability has become a critical issue in supply chain management. Identifying the causes of supply chain vulnerability, analyzing its mechanisms, and formulating effective countermeasures are essential for ensuring the stable operation of supply chains. ...
With the deepening implementation of the centralized drug procurement policy in China, procurement efficiency has significantly improved, and the economic burden of medication on the public has been alleviated. Meanwhile, the structure and operational environment of the pharmaceutical supply chain have undergone notable changes. This study analyzes the emerging pharmaceutical supply chain structures under the centralized procurement model, summarizes the causes of pharmaceutical supply chain vulnerability based on previous research, and employs a system dynamics causal model to examine the causal relationships and influence pathways among these factors. The study identifies the vulnerability drivers at key nodes, including active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) suppliers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, public healthcare institutions, and retail pharmacies. Finally, it proposes reasonable strategies for enterprises to address pharmaceutical supply chain vulnerability from both preventive and mitigating perspectives.
... If there is adequate understanding of supply chain management, every other issue can easily be handled and managed considering that supply chain management as a whole is very broad and multifaceted. Martin and Helen (2003) stated that in today's uncertain and turbulent markets, supply chain vulnerability has become an issue of significance for many companies. This is because supply chains become more complex as a result of global sourcing therefore supply chain risk increases. ...
This paper investigates the factors influencing the practice of construction supply chain management (CSCM). A well structure questionnaire survey was administered on the ninety-two construction firms registered with the Bureau of Public Procurement of Oyo State in Southwestern Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. Data were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics of frequency distribution, percentage and mean. Factor analysis was used to explore and detect the underlying relationship among the identified variables with the use of important measures, such as Bartlett’s test of sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling accuracy to test the appropriateness of the factor extraction. Seventeen factors influencing the application of construction supply chain
management practice were identified. Key among them are project’s complexity, lack of understanding of supply chain management, lack of trust inside and outside companies and failure to develop measures for alliance among companies. These factors were categorized into four; customer’s requirement and communication issues, communication and relationship issues,
information and management issues, project particulars and trust issues. It was therefore concluded that issues relating to information through adequate communication and management is the most important category as it forms the basis for other categories. It is thus recommended that timely and adequate sharing of information in form of client’s brief and contract documents should be effectively utilized and managed among the construction stakeholders.
This study examined the impact of digital inputs on global supply‐chain security. Using data from the Asian Development Bank Multiregional Input–Output database, covering 62 countries or regions and 35 industries from 2007 to 2022, digital inputs were found to enhance the level of supply‐chain security significantly. In times of crisis prevention, digital inputs not only improved supply‐chain security but also contributed to a notable recovery effect. Mechanism tests indicated that digital inputs enhanced supply‐chain security mainly by improving information transmission efficiency and increasing both demand‐side and supply‐side information transparency. Heterogeneity analysis indicated that all three mechanisms were significant in the manufacturing sector, but demand‐side information transparency was not significant in the service sector. Further analysis identified post and telecommunications sector as having the greatest positive impact on supply‐chain security.
Global supply chains depend on the steady flow of natural resources, which are transformed into raw materials for various industries. Guided by supply chain theories such as Transaction Cost Economics and the Resource‐Based View, firms often design complex supply networks that prioritize cost efficiency, leading them to source raw materials from low‐cost and remote locations. This practice leaves global supply chains vulnerable to significant challenges, including geopolitical tensions, sustainability risks, resource scarcity, transportation disruptions, and security threats. However, the existing literature on supply chain risks primarily focuses on the downstream management of the manufacturing, distribution, and retail tiers of the supply chain. Therefore, using a multidisciplinary systematic literature review, this study fills this gap by developing a ten‐category typology of raw material supply risks. Conceptual development also results in several propositions related to the supply risk categories and their potential interaction. Further, we propose that the commoditization of raw materials and the assumption of their availability exacerbate raw material supply risks, and we discuss the implications of geographical, political, and supply‐tier distances on supply chain risk. This research contributes to the literature by offering a nuanced perspective on raw material supply risks and providing actionable insights for improving supply chain practices.
Supply chain risk management (SCRM) has become an increasingly relevant field of study, driven by operational challenges, global crises, and the increasing complexity of supply chains. Although the number of publications on the topic has increased significantly over the last two decades, empirical research aimed at practical applications is still limited. In this context, the present research aims to select and rank tools for use in SCRM in direct and indirect suppliers of the automotive industry. As a secondary objective, the research aimed to identify which risk management stages (identification, analysis, and assessment) are most relevant for SCRM. Methodologically, the research was conducted in two main stages, the first involving the Delphi method in twenty suppliers (Tier 2) to select and evaluate risk management tools and the second involving the AHP method in an auto parts manufacturer (Tier 1) to rank the tools raised in the previous step. The main results show that the risk identification phase is considered the most relevant in the SCRM process, being prioritized by 56% of the experts. Regarding the tools, the ISO 31010 techniques most suitable for SCRM in suppliers, in order of priority, are FMEA, SWIFT, and cause and consequence analysis, standing out for their ability to identify and prevent failures.
New ways are needed to manage supplier chains effectively. Here, the instrument of a ‘limited life company’ is suggested. It seems to have several benefits.
Conflict minerals is a media term used to describe minerals that are mined in a war zone and sold illegally to finance the efforts of armed militias. One of the last regulations signed by Governor Schwarzenegger before he left office in 2010, the Transparency Act requires any company doing business in the state to publicly disclose the policies, processes, and controls that they use to monitor and eliminate slavery and human trafficking in their supply chain. Customers have always made demands on their suppliers to provide more and better information about the products they provide. Sustainability issues are no exception, but over the past few years, these questions have gone from background information to being crucial to how a company scores a response to a request for proposal (RFP). Regardless of size, all companies should at least know the scope of their supply base and where they have points of leverage.
The reported research examined the usefulness of placing risk propensity and risk perception in a more central role in models of risky decision making than has been done previously, Specifically, this article reports on two studies that examined a model in which risk propensity and risk perception mediate the effects of problem framing and outcome history on risky decision-making behavior, Implications of the pattern of results for future research are discussed.
The toy industry faces relentless change and an unpredictable buying public, which creates immense challenges in anticipating best sellers and predicting volume. Like the high-technology industry, toys also suffer from many supply chain ailments including short product life, rapid product turnover, and seasonal demand. Coupled with long supply lines and ongoing political and economic turmoil in Asia, toy makers face an unusually complex set of risks. Managers in many businesses can learn valuable lessons in managing uncertainty from toy makers. This article describes supply chain lessons focused on reducing risk by actively managing both demand and supply variability. These lessons include product variety strategies based on product extensions; rolling mix strategies; leveraged licensing agreements; coordinated outsourcing strategies; and hedging against political and currency risk by producing in many different countries.
Early Supplier Involvement (EIS) i product design has been subject to extensive study in the automotive industry. However, there are limited applications of ESI in other industries. This best practice report describes the successful implementation of ESI in the aerospace industry. The company that is the subject of this study provides vital technology for civilian and military aircraft. By engaging suppliers early in product design, the organization has recognized significant cost savings and enhanced its competitive position. This case provides details about the process for implementing ESI in an engineering-intensive business.