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Comparing Domestic Abuse in Same Sex and Heterosexual Relationships

Authors:
Catherine Donovan at University of Sunderland
Catherine Donovan
Marianne Hester at University of Bristol
Marianne Hester
Jonathan Holmes
Jonathan Holmes
Jonathan Holmes
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Melanie McCarry at University of Strathclyde
Melanie McCarry
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... Em pesquisa realizada no Reino Unido, por exemplo, ficou evidenciado que a violência doméstica ocorre em um entre quatro casais LGBTQIA+, não ficando muito aquém das estatísticas para casais cishéteronormativos (Cf. Donovan et al., 2006). Segundo a 10ª edição da pesquisa Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra a Mulher, 68% das mulheres brasileiras vítimas de violência doméstica ou familiar relataram que o agressor era homem, sendo que 30% delas preferiram não identificar o sexo de quem as agrediu (DataSenado, 2023, p. 18). ...
... Os dados encontrados na análise desses processos jurídicos do TJMG coincidem com uma pesquisa realizada pelas Universidades de Bristol e Sunderland na qual constatou-se que em relacionamentos lésbicos a prevalência é de violência psicológica, principalmente como mecanismo de controle da sexualidade da parceira (Donovan et al., 2006) e também com os dados coletados por Osório, Sani & Soeiro (2020) em Portugal. Então, da mesma forma, os autores brasileiros descobriram que "esses relacionamentos violentos também se caracterizam pela diminuição da autoestima da parceira ('eu vou arranjar alguém, mas você não'), pela utilização de termos pejorativos ('puta', 'louca'), pelo monitoramento de redes sociais, por humilhações e pelo medo que causa autocensura e vigilância sobre seus próprios atos" (Moura; Ramos, 2022. ...
DISCRIMINAÇÃO POR APARÊNCIA (LOOKISM) DE MULHERES NO LOCAL DE TRABALHO: REGULAMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Chapter
Full-text available
  • Dec 2024
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como a discriminação por aparência de mulheres é abordada pelo sistema legal brasileiro. Tal objetivo visa responder à seguinte problematização de pesquisa: Será que a discriminação no emprego com base na aparência pessoal pode ser ilegal no Brasil? E o favorecimento da beleza física de um trabalhador (a) pode ser uma ferramenta de marketing legítima?
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... Heterosexual abused women are more likely than nonabused women to suffer from physical health complaints, such as headache, backache, sexually transmitted diseases, other gynecological problems, and digestive problems (Campbell et al., 2002;Coker et al., 2002), as well as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and anxiety (Dokkedahl et al., 2022;Lagdon et al., 2014). Adverse effects have also been recorded with less researched groups such as heterosexual male victims (Orzeck et al., 2010;Randle & Graham, 2011) and victims in same sex couples (Donovan et al., 2006). ...
Subtle or Covert Abuse Within Intimate Partner Relationships: A Scoping Review
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2024
  • TRAUMA VIOLENCE ABUS
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health problem enacted with varying degrees of severity, leading to mental and physical damage. Despite the acknowledgment that perpetration can be enacted in a subtle or covert way, there is a paucity of literature defining and describing such subtle abuse. Consequently, understanding about the behaviors and impacts of subtle abuse is limited, and there is a potential inability by therapists to recognize it in their clients. This scoping review sought to identify and synthesize the literature around subtle or covert abuse (SCA) in intimate adult relationships to clarify the concept, with the aim to aid professional recognition. PsychINFO (EBSCO), MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsychArticles (EBSCO), Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and EThOS were searched using relevant search terms. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria by containing a description or definition of abuse based on primary research with adults in intimate partner relationships. Findings were synthesized using descriptive content analysis under four headings: (a) Descriptions and groupings of SCA behaviors, (b) The impact of SCA on victims, (c) Underlying theories of SCA, and (d) Recognition by professionals. This review suggests that SCA may be the most damaging of all abuses.
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... Open access DSVA is also higher for younger adults, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people, [8][9][10][11] and people with long-term illness, disability or mental health problems. 12 13 The UK does not currently routinely collect data on perpetrators; however, studies have found that the prevalence of DSVA perpetration ranges from 11.6% to 80.0% depending on country, gender and definition of DSVA. ...
Trends in outcomes used to measure the effectiveness of UK-based support interventions and services targeted at adults with experience of domestic and sexual violence and abuse: a scoping review
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2024
Objectives In the UK, a range of support services and interventions are available to people who have experienced or perpetrated domestic and sexual violence and abuse (DSVA). However, it is currently not clear which outcomes and outcome measures are used to assess their effectiveness. The objective of this review is to summarise, map and identify trends in outcome measures in evaluations of DSVA services and interventions in the UK. Design Scoping review. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, ASSIA, IBSS, Sociological abstracts and SSCI electronic databases were searched from inception until 21 June 2022. Grey literature sources were identified and searched. Eligibility We included randomised controlled trials, non-randomised comparative studies, pre–post studies and service evaluations, with at least one outcome relating to the effectiveness of the support intervention or service for people who have experienced and/or perpetrated DSVA. Outcomes had to be assessed at baseline and at least one more time point, or compared with a comparison group. Charting methods Outcome measures were extracted, iteratively thematically grouped into categories, domains and subdomains, and trends were explored. Results 80 studies reporting 87 DSVA interventions or services were included. A total of 426 outcome measures were extracted, of which 200 were used more than once. The most commonly reported outcome subdomain was DSVA perpetration. Cessation of abuse according to the Severity of Abuse Grid was the most common individual outcome. Analysis of temporal trends showed that the number of studies and outcomes used has increased since the 1990s. Conclusions Our findings highlight inconsistencies between studies in outcome measurement. The increase in the number of studies and variety of measures suggests that as evaluation of DSVA services and interventions matures, there is an increased need for a core of common, reliable metrics to aid comparability.
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... These mental health problems are often associated with increased minority stress (Mongelli et al., 2019). Further, the scarce studies on DV in LGBT+ persons report comparable or even higher numbers of DV compared to non-LGBT+ persons (Badenes-Ribera et al., 2015;Callan et al., 2020;Donovan et al., 2006;Edwards et al., 2015;Russell, 2020). This vulnerability for the exposure to DV can be explained either by general and/or specific risk factors, the latter being related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and possibly associated minority stress (Callan et al., 2020;Russell, 2020). ...
Psychological Distress and Domestic Violence Under COVID-19 Lockdown in LGBT+ Persons in Belgium, Germany, and Portugal
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2024
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide issued lockdown and social-distancing measures, which triggers psychological distress and may increase the occurrence of domestic violence (DV). We examined the role of the LGBT+ status in the relationship between risk factors of DV and its occurrence during the pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n = 5,148), an online self-report questionnaire was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of participants living in Belgium, Germany, and Portugal between March and June 2020. Participants were sampled through national media, social media, and snowballing procedures. Results: LGBT+ persons reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, more acute stress symptoms, and more illegal drug use during the first weeks of the lockdown compared to non-LGBT+ persons. DV in LGBT+ persons was not more prevalent than in the non-LGBT under COVID-19 lockdown measures. No significant evidence was found indicating that identifying as LGBT+ itself increases the risk of DV exposure. Conclusion: LGBT+ persons were more at risk of DV compared to non-LGBT+ persons prior to but not during COVID-19 lockdown measures. The increased risk for DV can be linked to socio-demographic characteristics, levels of stress, and illegal drug use which are more prevalent in LGBT+ persons than in non-LGBT+ persons.
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... Arguably the success of the feminist movement in raising awareness of the hetcis public story has unintentionally prohibited an intersectional discussion inclusive of experiences which fall outside of the defining binaries (female/male, feminine/ masculine, and victim/perpetrator) and associated characteristics. This impedes the ability for those outside of this narrative to recognise their own experiences as DVA (Ristock 2002;Donovan et al. 2006;Barnes 2008;Donovan and Hester 2010) and for appropriate support to be provided to those who need it (Donovan and Hester 2015;Ristock 2002). The power of this public story makes it difficult for members of LGBTQ+ communities to recognise their experiences as abuse, to seek help without fear of homo/bi/transphobia, and to receive appropriate support. ...
Honour Crimes
Chapter
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
Honour is a universal concept, but its meaning, value and applications are variable historically and culturally. Also, not a single community, culture or class has the monopoly on defending one’s honour through violence. It has been attributed as an underlying cause of horrific violence, for example, duelling in England, foot binding in China, sati (burning of a widow in her dead husband’s funeral pyre) in India and the honour-based retribution system in the Southern States of the USA. These practices have been eliminated, yet honour crimes such as domestic abuse, sexual, psychological and economic abuse, acid attacks, forced marriage, forced suicide, female genital mutilation and honour killing still occur in many countries.This chapter argues that the notions of honour, dishonour and shame are interconnected and underpin an organised set of social structures called the honour system. The system operates through norms, rules and practices to control the sexuality, body and behaviour of women and girls. The system uses various harmful practices against women and girls who do not conform to the system’s prescribed rules and norms. These practices are categorised as honour crimes.KeywordsHonourHonour crimesHonour killingHonour-based violenceHonour abuse
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... A number of researchers have discussed how bisexuals are minoritized in relation to biphobia (Erickson-Schroth & Mitchell, 2009;Feldman, 2009;Meyer, 2003Meyer, , 2015, which serves as another reason why bisexual lives and experiences were, if not neglected, underexplored, thereby contributing to the further "silencing" or erasure of bisexual voices. The consequences of this invisibility have a strong impact on how bisexuals are treated in socio-cultural domains like media representations, and in socio-legal units including human rights and social services (Donovan, Hester, Holmes, & McCarry, 2006). It is also found that "bisexual people were more prone than lesbian or gay people to experience both physically and emotionally abusive behavior from 'same gender' partners" (Barker et al., 2012, p. 16). Malcolm (2000) has speculated on the likelihood that there might be some mental health practitioners whose prima facie understanding of bisexuality may render them incompetent in providing effective professional help to bisexual individuals; worse, some of them might be carrying a misconception that bisexuality is a "work of the devil." ...
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... De hecho, es importante señalar, que en un estudio de Greenfiel et al. (2021) muchos participantes discutieron sobre sus preocupaciones o temores acerca de contraer el VIH. Además, una de las maneras de dominar a la víctima de violencia en parejas LGBT+, se realiza bajo la amenaza de destapar su seropositividad sin su consentimiento en el trabajo, ante su familia o amigos (Donovan et al., 2006). En Cuarto lugar, "Tener que ejercer la prostitución, debido a una situación de vulnerabilidad por ser LGBT+" resultó estadísticamente significativa. ...
Estrés minoritario LGBT+ sin hogar
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2023
Introducción: Los jóvenes LGBT+ corren un riesgo elevado de sinhogarismo, además de padecer estrés de las minorías sexuales. Objetivo: conocer la percepción del estrés en minorías LGTB+ sin hogar en su riesgo de exclusión social. Metodología: modelo de regresión lineal de probabilidad para determinar los efectos marginales de los ítems con la probabilidad de riesgo de exclusión social. Se evalúa la significación de los efectos parciales y la fiabilidad del grado de clasificación a partir del modelo. Resultados: diferentes tipos de estrés minoritario LGBT+ influyen en el riesgo de exclusión social. Conclusiones: investigaciones futuras deben ampliar la muestra LGBT+ para lograr una mejor comprensión de este fenómeno.
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Less than ideal victims: Understanding barriers to Queer men’s recognition of male-perpetrated intimate partner violence through Christie’s ‘Ideal Victim’ framework
Article
  • Oct 2023
Queer men who experience Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) from male romantic partners have long struggled to recognise that they are being abused or to identify themselves as victims. I argue that Nils Christie’s framework of the Ideal Victim can help us to understand the cultural and social dynamics which work to prevent these men from identifying their experiences as forms of victimisation. This paper uses data gathered from interviews with Queer male victims of male-perpetrated IPV to investigate this potential relationship, attempting to find out how the men understood their experiences of violence and abuse in relation to wider cultural norms and images of victimisation. This analysis reveals two key themes. First, within the men’s accounts, the images of the Ideal Victim and Offender are heavily gendered and because of this, the men struggled to relate their own experiences of victimisation to what they perceive to be the heavily feminised figure of the Ideal Victim. Second, within the men’s account, there was a ‘Public Story’ of IPV in which relationship abuse had to be physical, frequent, and all-consuming to be taken seriously. This ‘Public Story’ constrained the men’s ability to understand their partner’s actions as IPV and made them doubt the validity and legitimacy of their own experiences in which emotional manipulation and psychological abuse were often more frequent and devastating than physical assault. From these findings, I argue that there is an urgent need to confront the Public Story of IPV and its related Ideal Victim to craft more inclusive public narratives of relationship abuse in which Queer male victims can find legitimacy and support for their experiences.
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Domestic Violence and Abuse in LGBTQ+ Communities
Chapter
  • Jun 2023
This chapter offers a summary of who lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer communities are; how domestic violence and abuse manifests within lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer communities; and the risk and protective factors associated with domestic violence and abuse in lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer communities. Taking an international perspective, the chapter highlights that domestic violence and abuse within lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer communities is highly prevalent and has significant implications for victim/survivors and wider society. Explanations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer domestic violence and abuse argue that the social and cultural context of the relationship(s) is key to understanding it, yet research in this field is in it’s infancy, particularly in relation to bisexual, trans, and non-binary people. This chapter draws attention to the multifaceted nature of violence and abuse in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer people, noting many challenges in preventing and addressing it. The chapter concludes with a case study of fatal domestic abuse highlighting the need for further research which explores the intersectional factors impacting domestic violence and abuse in lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer communities.KeywordsDomestic violence and abuseLGBTQ+ communitiesIntimate partner violenceSame-sex intimate partner violence
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