Well-known and little-known: miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)

Abstract

The family Orthalicidae is well represented in Peru but, like in other families, some species are well-known and others have not been reported on since their original descriptions. In this paper we present new records for well-known species and elucidate the status of several lesser known taxa. Four taxa are described as new: Bostryx chusgonensis sipas, B. fragilis, Scutalus (Scutalus) mariopenai and S. (S.) phaeo­ cheilus altoensis. The following species are recorded as new to the Peruvian malacofauna: Corona pfeifferi, Drymaeus (D.) branneri, and Thaumastus flori. Strophocheilus tenuis Haas, 1955 is now considered synony-mous with Thaumastus (Paeniscutalus) crenellus (Philippi, 1867). Plekocheilus conspicuus Pilsbry, 1932 is now placed in the synonymy of Thaumastus flori (Jousseaume, 1897). Drymaeus tigrinus Da Costa, 1898 is now considered a junior subjective synonym of Drymaeus (D.) strigatus (Sowerby, 1838).

Full text

Well-known and lile-known: miscellaneous notes on Peruvian
Orthalicidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)
A.S.H. Breure & V. Mogollón Avila
Breure, A.S.H. & V. Mogollón Avila. Well-known and lile-known: miscellaneous notes on Peruvian
Orthalicidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora).
Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (3), 15.x.2010: 15-35, gs 1-2, tabs 1-6, plates 1-3.― ISSN 0024-0672.
A.S.H. Breure, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The
Netherlands (Bram.Breure@ncbnaturalis.nl).
V. Mogollón Avila, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Roma 350, Lima 18, Peru (svmogollon@
yahoo.com).
Key words: anatomy; distribution; Bostryx; Bulimulus; Corona; Drymaeus; Naesiotus; Peru; Scutalus; tax-
onomy; Thaumastus.
The family Orthalicidae is well represented in Peru but, like in other families, some species are well-
known and others have not been reported on since their original descriptions. In this paper we present
new records for well-known species and elucidate the status of several lesser known taxa. Four taxa are
described as new: Bostryx chusgonensis sipas, B. fragilis, Scutalus (Scutalus) mariopenai and S. (S.) phaeo
cheilus altoensis. The following species are recorded as new to the Peruvian malacofauna: Corona pfeieri,
Drymaeus (D.) branneri, and Thaumastus ori. Strophocheilus tenuis Haas, 1955 is now considered synony-
mous with Thaumastus (Paeniscutalus) crenellus (Philippi, 1867). Plekocheilus conspicuus Pilsbry, 1932 is
now placed in the synonymy of Thaumastus ori (Jousseaume, 1897). Drymaeus tigrinus Da Costa, 1898
is now considered a junior subjective synonym of Drymaeus (D.) strigatus (Sowerby, 1838).
Introduction
The malacofauna of Peru is rich and very diverse. Ramírez et al. (2003) list 763 spe-
cies (excl. subspecies) of land snails, belonging to 28 families. The family Orthalicidae
(sensu lato) encompasses 442 species in this list, i.e. 58% of the terrestrial malacofauna.
When this gure is compared with those for some other countries in the region, Peru
stands out in its diversity, not only of the Orthalicidae but of land snails in general (g.
1). Like in other faunas, some species are well-known and have been repeatedly re-
ported on; their distributions sometimes extend for several hundreds of kilometres.
Other species have hardly been mentioned aer their original description and may be
very range-restricted. In this paper we present new records for well-known species,
elucidate the status of several lesser known taxa and describe four new taxa.
The following abbreviations are used to refer to museum collections: BMNH – Nat-
ural History Museum, London, UK; FG – private collection of Federico Gutierrez, Lima,
Peru; FML – Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina; FMNH – Field Museum of
Natural History, Chicago, USA; MNCN – Museo Nacional de Ciencas Naturales, Ma-
drid, Spain; MNHN – Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; RMNH –
Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands; SMF – Natur-
Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; VMA – private collection of V.
Mogollón Avila, Lima, Peru.
Other abbreviations: AG, albumen gland; D, shell diameter; DP, distal part of penis;
PP, proximal part of penis; EP, epiphallus; FL, agellum; H, shell height; HA, height of

16 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
aperture; LW, height of last whorl; M, mean; max, maximum; min, minimum; OV, ovi-
duct; P, penis; RM, retractor muscle; RS, receptaculum seminis; s, standard deviation;
SD, spermathecal duct; SOV, spermoviduct; SP, spermatheca; VD, vas deferens; WA,
width of aperture. Measurements were taken following Breure (1974: gs 2-3).
Systematic part
Family Orthalicidae Albers, 1860
Genus Thaumastus Albers, 1860
Thaumastus Albers, 1860: 215.
Subgenus Paeniscutalus Wurtz, 1947
Paeniscutalus Wurtz, 1947: 12.
Thaumastus (Paeniscutalus) crenellus (Philippi, 1867)
Strophocheilus (Microborus) tenuis Haas, 1955: 330, g. 70 (holotype FMNH 51925). Syn. nov.
Fig. 1. Species-area relationships of total numbers of land snails (gray dots) resp. Orthalicidae (black
dots) in selected countries. Number of taxa based on Breure & Borrero, 2008 (Orthalicidae, EC – Ecua-
dor); Borrero & Breure, unpublished data (both, CO – Colombia); Breure, unpublished data (Orthalici-
dae, VE – Venezuela; both, SN – Suriname); Gargominy, 2009 (both, FG – French Guiana); Martínez,
2003 (land snails, Venezuela); Ramírez et al., 2003 (both, PE – Peru); Simone, 2006 (both, BR – Brazil);
Thompson, 2008 (both, CR – Costa Rica, PA – Panama). Regression lines: total land snails R2 = 0.590, non-
signicant (p>0.05); Orthalicidae R2 = 0.725, signicant (p<0.05).

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
17
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, Rio Cañete valley, Magdalena [2300 m, 12°29’27’S 075°54’42’W],
leg. V. Mogollón Avila, 8.xii.2008 (RMNH 114275/11, VMA 0096/13).
Remarks.― Strophocheilus (Microborus) tenuis Haas, 1955 is here considered a junior
subjective synonym of Thaumastus crenellus (Philippi, 1867). The protoconch sculpture
consists of waving, partly broken axial wrinkles, more compact on the last part of the
protoconch. This is totally unlike any Strophocheilidae, the family in which this taxon
is currently classied. The type locality of S. tenuis, Dept. Ancash, Yungay [2500 m,
09°08’40’S 077°44’37’W], is well in range with the known occurrences of T. crenellus
(Breure, 1978: 34). The new record extends the distribution ca. 90 km further south-
ward.
Subgenus Thaumastus Albers, 1860
Thaumastus (T.) ori (Jousseaume, 1897)
(gs 15-20)
Dryptus ori Jousseaume, 1897: 265 (lectotype MNHN 22474).
Plekocheilus conspicuus Pilsbry, 1932: 390, pl. 27 gs 4-5 (holotype ANSP 141959).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Piura, Prov. Ayabaca, Inia, leg. local people, x.2005 (FG/1, VMA
0178/3); Ibidem, x.2006 (VMA 0179/10); Ibidem, x.2007 (VMA 0180/5).
Remarks.― This is the rst Peruvian record of this southern Ecuadorian species,
described from Machala. While gures 15-16 shows typical Thaumastus ori, there is in
the material notably variation in the shape of the aperture (gs 17-20), resembling T.
hartwegi (Pfeier, 1846). Comparison with the holotype (BMNH 1975126) shows that
the laer species has a less swollen last whorl. Further investigation may prove these
taxa to be conspecic.
Pilsbry (1932) described Plekocheilus conspicuus from Peru, Dept. Tumbes, near Bel-
lavista and Huasimal. He tentatively referred the new taxon to Plekocheilus, based on
the structure of the columella and colour paern. The gured type resembles closely
some specimens from Ayabaca, which is adjacent to the type locality of P. conspicuus.
We consider now this taxon to be a junior subjective synonym of Thaumastus ori.
Genus Bostryx Troschel, 1847
Bostryx Troschel, 1847: 49.
Bostryx anomphalus Pilsbry, 1944
Bostryx (Peronaeus) anomphalus Pilsbry, 1944: 123, pl. 11 g. 7 (holotype ANSP 180002a).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Ancash, Catzcal [09°54’43’S 077°49’40’W, 1041 m], V. Mogollón Avila
leg., 25.x.2007 (RMNH 114043/19, VMA 0005/7); Dept. Piura, El Alto [04°14’37’S 081°12’21’W, 250 m,
leg. V. Mogollón Avila, 24.xii.2005 (RMNH 114065/3, VMA 0030/4).
Remarks.― This is a variable species in its colour paern, some specimens being
uniformly whitish, others with axial streaks of various shades of brown at irregular

18 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
intervals. Several specimens show a faint paern of two or three spiral bands on the
last whorl, the broadest around the shell base and one or two above the periphery. The
upper whorls are whitish, bluish or in some specimens roseate. Hitherto, the northern-
most limit of this species is Dept. Cajamarca (Breure & Neubert, 2008).
Bostryx ceroplasta (Pilsbry, 1896)
Bulimulus (Bostryx) ceroplasta Pilsbry, 1896: 159, pl. 50 gs 38-39 (lectotype ANSP 25468).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. La Libertad, Chagual [07°50’S 077°38’W, 1275 m], leg. V. Mogollón
Avila, 20.viii.1994 (RMNH 114052/5, VMA 0049/11); Dept. Amazonas, Balsas, leg. V. Mogollón Avila,
6.iv.2005 (RMNH 114066/5, VMA 0013/14).
Remarks.― The shells are, as Pilsbry calls them, ‘waxen white’. Some specimens
have the apex coloured, corneous or with a yellow hue.
Bostryx chusgonensis sipas subspec. nov.
(gs 21-22)
Type material examined.― Peru, Dept. Amazonas, Shipasbamba [05°54’25’S 078°02’35’W, 1360 m], leg.
L. Angulo, xii.2001. Holotype RMNH 114059, paratypes RMNH 114060/3 + 4 juv., VMA 0033/9.
Diagnosis.― Characterized by its small size (13 mm), spindle-shape, whitish colour
and smooth surface.
Description.― Shell up to 13.4 mm, three times as long as wide, rimate, spindle-
shaped, with slightly convex sides, rather thin. Colour uniformly greyish-whitish or
with axial streaks of light to dark-brown, the upper whorls somewhat darker; a dark
band around the rimate umbilicus. Surface hardly shining, with incrassate growth stri-
ae. Protoconch smooth. Whorls 6.5, hardly convex; suture slightly impressed. Aperture
elongate-ovate, margins somewhat converging; 1.59 times as long as wide, 0.25 times the
total height. Peristome simple, whitish. Columellar margin straight, hardly expanded;
no parietal callus.
Dimension of holotype: H 13.5 D 4.7 HA 5.2 WA 3.2 LW 8.39; 6.5 whorls.
Remarks.― This new subspecies diers from Bostryx c. chusgonensis Wey rauch, 1960
by (1) being larger (up to 13.4 vs. 11.4 mm), (2) the less impressed suture, (3) in streaked
specimens, the axial streaks continuing till the base of the shell. According to Weyrauch
(1960a: 30) a ribbed form and a colour form with small brownish dots occur in the nom-
inate subspecies. These forms have not been observed in our specimens. The nominate
taxon was described from Dept. La Libertad, Río Chusgon area, at 1550-1900 m. The new
material extends the range ca. 180 km more northward within the drainage system of the
Río Marañon; the new taxon is separated by mountain ranges from the nominate sub-
species.
Etymology.― (Quechua) sipas, young woman; referring to the spindle-shaped shell
and to the type locality, Shipasbamba. The epithet is used as a noun in apposition.

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
19
Bostryx edmundi Breure & Neubert, 2008
Bostryx edmundi Breure & Neubert, 2008: 324, gs 11-16 (holotype SMF 162195a ― recte 331475).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, Magdalena [2300 m, 12°29’27’S 075°54’42’W], leg. V. Mogollón
Avila, 8.xii.2005 (RMNH 114050/10).
Remarks.― The number of the holotype should be corrected to SMF 331475 (R.
Janssen, pers. comm.). Additional material of this species has been found about 5 km
north of the type locality, Yacca. There are no dierences between the specimens from
this locality and the type locality.
Bostryx elatus (Philippi, 1869)
Bulimus elatus Philippi, 1869: 33.
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Huancavelica, Mejorada [ca. 3000 m, 12°30’S 074°49’W], leg. J.J. Bravo
(RMNH 114053/16, VMA 0048/2).
Remarks.― This species was originally described from ‘Pichicna, 2 leagues from
Icucha […] between Mayoc and Huanta’. This points to a region between Mayoc in
Dept. Huancavelica, 2200 m, 12°48’40’S 074°23’07’W and, most probably Huanta
[mis
spelling for Huantana], 3000 m,
13°46’01’S 073°37’13’W in Dept. Apu-
rimac. Haas (1955) reported on speci-
mens collected near Mayoc and Locroja
[3700 m, 12°41’S 074°26’W] in Dept.
Huancavelica and added Palmira [2300
m, 13°35’19’S 073°11’25’W] in Dept.
Apurimac. The new locality is ca. 55 km
NW Mayoc. Dimensions of the material, see table 1.
Haas (1955) also noted that the colour paern varied more in the specimens from
near Mayoc and Locroja. The variety in paerns, from uniformly greyish-white to
uniformly streaked at irregular intervals, is also observed in our material. The aber-
rant paern noted by Haas, viz. streaks with ‘lateral, triangular appendages that tend
to be arranged in spiral rows’ has been observed in a single shell from the series ex-
amined.
Bostryx fragilis spec. nov.
(gs 23-25)
Type material examined.― Peru, Dept. Tumbes, Quebrada Santa Maria [03°40’53’S 080°26’10’W, 25 m],
leg. V. Mogollón Avila, 25.i.2004 Holotype RMNH 114063, paratypes RMNH 114064/7, VMA 0020/22);
Ibidem, Quebrada Charán [03°39’00’S 080°36’02’W], Caleta La Cruz, 10 m, leg. V. Mogollón Avila & K.
Valdivia Pérez, 23.i.2004 (paratypes VMA 0021/8, 0023/3).
Diagnosis.― A Bostryx species characterized by the whitish lines on the thin, trans-
lucent shell, the tawny-brownish upper whorls and the prominent last whorl.
Table 1. Dimensions in Bostryx elatus (n = 10).
H D HA WA LW W
M 18,4 6,3 4,9 3,26 7,8 8,5
s 0,84 0,23 0,29 0,16 0,37 0,51
max 19,7 6,7 5,2 3,4 8,3 9,8
min 16,9 6 4,3 3 7,3 8,1

20 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Description.― Shell up to 18.9 mm, two times as long as wide, narrowly perforate,
elongate, with hardly convex sides, fragile. Colour whitish on a translucent back-
ground, the upper whorls becoming gradually tawny-brown towards the apex. Surface
slightly shining, the incrassate growth striae overlaid on the last whorls by whitish, low,
axial costulae, which are partly forked and do not always cover the whole whorl, but
may end in between the sutures or shell base. Upper whorls with ne, interrupted spi-
ral threads. Protoconch with wrinkles, mostly broken into granules and crossed by
nely incised spiral lines. Whorls 6.8, hardly convex, suture slightly impressed. Aper-
ture elongate-subovate, 1.61 times as long as wide, 0.40 times the total height. Peristome
thin, simple. Columellar margin nearly straight, very narrowly dilated above.
Dimension of holotype: H 18.0 D 8.7
HA 7.3 WA 4.5 LW 11.3; 6.8 whorls. See
also table 2.
Remarks.― Closely allied to Bostryx
juana (Cousin, 1887) from which it diers
by (1) being smaller, (2) slightly more
slender and (3) lacking the tawny-brown
spiral bands. This novelty further resem-
bles B. alausiensis (Cousin, 1887), also de-
scribed from southern Ecuador (see Breure, 2008). It diers by being (1) smaller, (2) stout-
er, and (3) having a larger aperture. Finally, it may be compared to B. delicatulus (Philippi,
1867) from which it diers by (1) being stouter, (2) the brownish upper whorls and (3) the
simple peristome.
There is a morphological resemblance between the species mentioned above and
some Bulimulus species occurring in the same region, e.g. B. inconspicuus Haas, 1949, both
in general shell shape and - supercially - also in protoconch sculpture. The relationships
and phylogeography of these two genera in this region warrant further study.
Etymology.― The epithet refers to the thin shell; (Latin) fragilis, fragile. The epithet
is to be used as an adjective.
Bostryx granulatus Breure & Neubert, 2008
Bostryx granulatus Breure & Neubert, 2008: 325, gs 17-19 (holotype SMF 162178).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, Yauyos [3100 m, 12°27’44’S 075°55’20’W], leg. V. Mogollón Avi-
la, 8.xii.2005 (topotypes RMNH 114040/5, 114041/5, VMA 0026/7).
Remarks.― The topotypes collected show that the granulation, which is visible in
fresh collected specimens, fades away when the shells are bleached; otherwise these
specimens are characteristic. It may be noted that smaller specimens may also be com-
pared to Bostryx superbus Weyrauch, 1967, a species living at higher altitudes in the same
Río Cañete valley. B. granulatus, however, may be distinguished by the slightly expanded
base of the lip, the more slender shell shape and the granulation on the last whorl.
Bostryx longispira Weyrauch, 1960
Bostryx (Pseudoperonaeus) longispira Weyrauch, 1960b: 128, pl. 11 gs 4-5 (holotype SMF 162112).
Table 2. Dimensions in Bostryx fragilis spec. nov.
(n
= 7).
H D HA WA LW W
M 17,7 8,8 7,1 4,4 10,7 6,8
s 0,64 0,41 0,55 0,35 0,85 0,16
max 18,9 9,2 8,2 5 11,9 7,1
min 16,9 8 6,6 4 9,2 6,6

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
21
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, Magdalena, leg. V. Mogollón Avila, 8.xii.2005 (RMNH 114051/15,
VMA 0009/230).
Remarks.― This species appears to be locally abundant.
Bostryx turritus (Broderip, 1832)
(g. 9)
Bulinus turritus Broderip in Broderip & Sowerby, 1832: 106.
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Ancash, Catzcal [1050 m, 09°54’43’S 077°49’40’W], leg. V. Mogollón
Avila, 25.x.2007 (RMNH 114058/13; VMA 0004/8); Ibidem, 970-1300 m, V. Mogollón Avila, 25.i.2009
(VMA 0137/17).
Animal.― Living animal whitish-grey throughout, the black eye-retractors shin-
ing through the tentacles and the dorsal side of the body (g. 9).
Remarks.― This species was known from Dept. La Libertad, Trujillo (Pilsbry,
1896) and Ancash, Pariacoto (Haas, 1955). Recently, Ramírez (2004) reported it from
Dept. Lima, Cerro Pasamayo and Salinas de Huacho. She also refers to unpublished
data by Weyrauch, who collected the species at Cerro Campana, 14 km N Trujillo
[07°58’54’S 079°06’24’W] (selected as type locality by Ramírez) and in Dept. Cajamar-
ca, near Chilete. Breure (1978) reported the species from the same department near
Magdalena.
Zilch (1953) reports B. t. turritus
(H/D = 3.25) from Dept. La Libertad,
Hacienda El Casa Grande (probably
near 07°40’S 078°40’W), and described
B. t. tamboensis (H/D = 2.87) from the
same locality, albeit from dierent ele-
vations (1500 m resp. 1000 m). Accord-
ing to Haas (1955) – reporting a locality at 1360 m – his shells ‘are slightly more slen-
der than the typical form’. The specimens from Catzcal show a variation in H/D from
2.84 to 3.18 (mean 3.00; n = 7; see also table 3). It is possible that this variation can also
be found in the populations at the localities in La Libertad, in which case B. t. tamboen
sis should be considered a synonym of the nominate taxon.
Genus Bulimulus Leach, 1814
Bulimulus Leach, 1814: 42.
Bulimulus inconspicuus Haas, 1949
Bulimulus (Bulimulus) inconspicuus Haas, 1949: 236, g. 50a (holotype FMNH 30038).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Loreto, Iquitos, leg. G. Montalván Naranjos, iii.2004 (RMNH 114042/2,
VMA 0043/9); Ibidem, near Laguna Quistococha, leg. G. Montalván Naranjos, 15.vii.2009 (VMA 0186/6);
Ibidem, 23.xii.2009 (VMA 0190/1).
Table 3. Dimensions in Bostryx turritus (n = 7).
H D HA WA LW W
M 21,3 7,1 5,3 3,3 8,5 9
s 0,7 0,18 0,22 0,09 0,46 0,66
max 22,3 7,4 5,5 3,4 9,2 10,1
min 20,5 6,9 4,9 3,2 7,8 8,1

22 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Remarks.― Haas (1949) compared this species to Bulimulus transparens (Reeve,
1849), stating that his material was slightly smaller (17 vs. 19 mm shell height). The
type material of B. transparens is in the London museum (BMNH 1975397) and is la-
belled ‘Venezuela’ (Breure, 1978: 147). If this locality is correct, a close relationship as
suggested by Haas seems improbable. Adult specimens of B. inconspicuus can measure
up to 25 mm shell height (RMNH; VMA 0043). The species is characterized by the
corneous-brown upper whorls and the suture, which is bordered by a white line, de-
scending slightly in front.
Genus Naesiotus Albers, 1850
Naesiotus Albers, 1850: 162.
Naesiotus bambamarcaensis Weyrauch, 1960
Naesiotus (Naesiotus) bambamarcaensis Weyrauch, 1960a: 37, pl. 6 g. 38 (holotype SMF 156220).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Cajamarca, Chalamarca [06°29’29’S 078°28’07’W], P. Bustamante leg.,
30.xii.2004 (RMNH 114049/5, VMA 0047/2).
Remarks.― This species was hitherto only known from the type locality, Cerro
Machaipungo near Bambamarca, about
20 km SSW of the new locality Cha-
lamarca. The specimens are slightly
smaller than the holotype and vary in
their dimensions, but otherwise show
the colour paern characteristic for this
species, viz. corneous-brown with a
whitish spiral band at the periphery of
the last whorl. See also table 4.
Naesiotus pilsbryi Weyrauch, 1956
Naesiotus pilsbryi Weyrauch, 1956: 6, pl. 1 g. 4 (holotype SMF 155698).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. La Libertad, Chagual [07°50’S 077°38’W, 1275 m], leg. V. Mogollón
Avila, 20.viii.1994 (topotypes RMNH 114046/9, VMA 0044/8).
Remarks.― This species is known from the type locality only and may be range-
restricted.
Genus Scutalus Albers, 1850
Subgenus Scutalus Albers, 1850
Scutalus Albers, 1850: 160.
Table 4. Dimensions in Naesiotus bambamarcaensis
(n = 5).
H D HA WA LW W
M 14 6,6 5,7 3,4 8,5 6,1
s 0,99 0,27 0,29 0,19 0,36 0,4
max 15,2 6,9 5,9 3,6 8,8 6,5
min 12,5 6,2 5,2 3,1 8 5,6

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
23
Scutalus (Scutalus) phaeocheilus altoensis subspec. nov.
(gs 5, 26)
Type material examined.― Peru, Dept. Piura, El Alto [04º14’37’ S 081º12’21’ W, 250 m], leg. V. Mogollón,
xii.2005, 200-290 m. Holotype RMNH 114045; paratypes RMNH 114044/14, 114069/7; VMA 0027/22,
0034/12.
Diagnosis.― A taxon of Scutalus (S.) characterized by the whitish colour, the sculp-
ture of growth striae and inconspicuous granules on the last whorl, the broadly ex-
panded lip and the orange colour of the aperture inside.
Description.― Shell up to 38.1 mm, 1.71 times as long as wide, deeply perforated,
conical, with slightly convex sides; solid. Colour uniformly (greyish-)whitish, the up-
per whorls somewhat lighter in greyish-white specimens. Surface lustreless, with in-
crassate growth striae and inconspicuous granulation, under a strong lens visible as
spiral rows of shallowly raised, short oblong granules; only in fresh specimens this
granulation may be observed on the third and following whorls. Protoconch pit-retic-
ulate. Whorls 5.8, somewhat convex; suture impressed, crenulated, at the aperture
ascending in front. Aperture large, ovate, in fresh shells orange inside; margins con-
verging; 1.33 times as long as wide, 0.73
times the total height. Peristome broad-
ly expanded and reexed, whitish. Col-
umellar margin straight, broadly ex-
panded and merging into the parietal
callus, which is whitish and thickened
in some specimens.
Dimension of holotype: H 37.2 D 21.4
HA 19.5 WA 14.6 LW 25.9; 5.8 whorls. See
also table 5.
Remarks.― This subspecies diers from Scutalus (S.) p. phaeocheilus (Haas, 1955),
occurring further south in Dept. Lambayeque, by (1) being slightly smaller, (2) having
the lip more broadly expanded and (3) having the aperture dierently coloured (the
nominate taxon has the aperture liver-coloured).
When describing the nominate taxon, Haas already noted the relationship with
Scutalus (S.) proteiformis (Dohrn, 1863). He stated that this species ‘seems to lack the
granules entirely’ (Haas, 1955: 335). According to Pilsbry (1897: 15), who copied the
original description, the ‘granulation [is] conned to the last whorl’. However, S. phaeo
cheilus altoensis is smaller and slightly stouter than S. proteiformis and is also slightly
more granulose than this species, especially visible in fresh specimens. Moreover, S.
proteiformis is said to have the aperture dark brown coloured. Dohrn’s species, which
has not been gured, was mentioned by Weyrauch (1967) from northern Peru without
further information.
Etymology.― The epithet altoensis refers to El Alto, the type locality (g. 5) and
home town of the second author, and is a noun in the genitive case.
Table 5. Dimensions in Scutalus (S.) phaeochilus al
toensis subspec. nov. (n = 9).
H D HA WA LW W
M 36,3 21,2 20,5 15,4 26,5 5,8
s 1,35 0,97 1,12 1,02 1,05 0,1
max 38,1 22,7 22,8 17 28 6
min 34,3 19,9 19,3 14,2 25,1 5,7

24 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Scutalus (Scutalus) mariopenai spec. nov.
(gs 16-23)
Type material examined.― Peru, Dept. Ancash, Catzcal [09°54’43’S 077°49’40’W], leg. V. Mogollón,
25.x.2007, 1041 m. Holotype RMNH 114055; paratypes RMNH 114056/5+2 juv., 114057/11; VMA
0016/18); Ibidem, leg. J.A. Kostelac, 2.xi.2001 (VMA 0015/16). See g. 7.
Diagnosis.― A species of Scutalus (S.) characterized by the broadly expanded and
callous lip, the ne, punctuate granulation, and the whitish-corneous ground colour,
with four brown spiral bands on the last whorl.
Description.― Shell up to 41.1 mm, 1.65 times as long as wide, umbilicate and
deeply perforated, conical, with slightly convex sides; solid. Ground colour uniformly
whitish-corneous, the upper whorls lighter, with four spiral light chestnut-brown
bands, a small one below the white-lined suture, two broader ones above and below
the periphery (which in some specimens are faintly subdivided into two equally broad
bands)
and a fourth band encircling the umbilicus. Surface lustreless, with growth
striae and spiral lines of ne, punctuate granulation, starting shallowly on the postne-
pionic whorl, but becoming rapidly more conspicuous on the following and fading
away inside the umbilicus. Protoconch pit-reticulate. Whorls 6.3, somewhat convex,
the last whorl saccate; suture impressed, somewhat crenulate, at the aperture ascend-
ing in front. Aperture large, ovate, glossy white inside with the paern visible in
banded specimens; margins converg-
ing; 1.30 times as long as wide, 0.70
times the total height. Peristome broad-
ly expanded and backwardly reexed,
glossy whitish. Columellar margin
straight, broadly expanded and merg-
ing into the rather thick parietal callus.
Dimension of holotype: H 41.1 D
26.2 HA 22.6 WA 17.9 LW 29.6; 6.3
whorls. See also table 6.
Animal.― Living animal whitish- to pale-grey, with a dark-greyish band along
the foot. Tentacles dark-grey near the eye-tips, lighter at the base (gs 10, 13).
Remarks.― This species is closely allied to Scutalus (S.) ortizpuentei Weyrauch,
1967 which was described from Dept. Cajamarca, Río Chancay valley, between Chi-
clayo and Chota, 80 km N Quinden [ca. 06°38’S 079°05’W]. It diers from this species
by (1) being smaller (41 vs. 48 mm shell height), (2) having a smaller aperture, (3) and
the lip more broadly expanded. The faintly visible subdivision of the spiral bands
around the periphery, visible in some specimens, resembles the more pronounced
colour paern in S. ortizpuentei. It may also be compared to S. (S.) cretaceus (Pfeier,
1855) from which it diers (1) by being less elongate, (2) having a stronger sculpture
on the last whorl, (3) having the inside of the aperture whitish coloured; (4) having
the lip more broadly expanded.
Etymology.― Named in honour of Prof. Mario Peña González (Lima), malacolo-
gist and tutor of the second author. The epithet is a noun in the genitive case.
Table 6. Dimensions in Scutalus (S.) mariopenai spec.
nov. (n = 6).
H D HA WA LW W
M 38,9 23,6 21,2 16,3 27,4 6,2
s 1,42 1,51 0,95 0,95 1,24 0,19
max 41,1 26,2 22,6 17,9 29,6 6,5
min 36,7 21,9 20,1 15,3 26 6

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
25
Subgenus Vermiculatus Breure, 1978
Vermiculatus Breure, 1978: 166.
Scutalus (Vermiculatus) macedoi Weyrauch, 1967
Scutalus (Vermiculatus) macedoi Weyrauch, 1967: 398, gs 42-44 (holotype SMF 162070).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, Canta Prov., near Laguna El Viuda [?11°21’45’S 076°38’23’W],
leg. D. Oré, 26.x.2008, 4450 m (RMNH 114061/4, VMA 0002/7).
Remarks.― This species, which was described from Dept. Junín, Capillacocha
[11°10’09’S 076°02’25’W], 4150 m, is now recorded for the rst time from the western
slopes of the Cordillera Occidental. The material has the upper whorls reddish-blue
and the specimens are more slender than those shown in the original gure of
Weyrauch. However, compared to paratypes (RMNH 55449/5), the shell shape is sim-
ilar.
Genus Neopetraeus Martens, 1885
Neopetraeus Martens, 1885: 194.
Neopetraeus liolus (Pilsbry, 1897)
Drymaeus (Neopetraeus) liola Pilsbry, 1897: 22 (holotype ANSP 25724).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Lima, 0.5 km from Churin to Oyón, 10°47’S 076°52’W [2500 m], leg. J.
Hemmen, 9.iii.2004 (RMNH 98108/1).
Remarks.― This species was hitherto only known from Dept. Ancash (Breure, 1978).
Genus Drymaeus Albers, 1850
Subgenus Drymaeus Albers, 1850
Drymaeus Albers, 1850: 155.
Drymaeus (Drymaeus) branneri F. Baker, 1914
(gs 35-36)
Drymaeus branneri F. Baker, 1914: 637, pl. 23 gs 1-4 (holotype ANSP 109308).
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Madre de Dios, Prov. Puerto Maldonado, Quebrada Madama [12°31’S
069°03’W], 175 m, leg. S. Macahuachi Encinas, 22.vii.2009 (VMA 0176/1).
Remarks.― Originally described from Brazil, Rondônia State, above Pôrto Velho
along the Madeira-Mamoré railroad [= ca. 260 km SW Pôrto Velho], this species is now
recorded for the rst time from Peru. The specimen corresponds to the original descrip-
tion given by Baker (1914).

26 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Drymaeus (Drymaeus) cecileae (Moricand, 1858)
(gs 11, 31-32)
Bulimus cecileae Moricand, 1858: 452, pl. 14 g. 4.
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Loreto, near Río Curaray [01°36’S 075°13’W], 150 m, leg. G. Mon-
talván Naranjos, 6.xi.2008, (RMNH 114184/1, VMA 0077/1) at border of a ‘Tahuampa’ (inundated zone).
Animal.― The living animal is brownish-beige throughout, including the tentacles
(g. 11).
Remarks.― This specimen corresponds to the description given by Pilsbry (1898:
230, pl. 42 g. 52). He regarded this taxon as a colour form of Drymaeus (D.) strigatus
(Sowerby, 1838), which, however, has always a lilac band on the inside, bordering the
peristome. While Drymaeus species are known for their intraspecic variation in colour
paern, we here consider D. cecileae as a distinct taxon characterized by the more or less
orange line behind the peristome, visible both on the inside and outside of the shell,
and by being more slender than D. strigatus.
Drymaeus (Drymaeus) eurystomus (Philippi, 1867)
Bulimus eurystomus Philippi, 1867: 68.
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Junín, Chanchamayo Prov., 1000 m, leg. J.J. Bravo (RMNH 114070/2,
VMA 0095/3).
Remarks.― Fulton (1905) was the rst to realize that Bulimus eurystomus Philippi,
1867 and B. hamadryas Philippi, 1867 are synonyms and only dier in colour paern.
The material from the Bravo collection (Mogollón & Breure, 2009) resembles the gures
of Pilsbry (1898: pl. 41 gs 32-33) but diers in lacking the dark spiral band around the
umbilicus.
Drymaeus (Drymaeus) strigatus (Sowerby, 1838)
(gs 8, 12, 33-34)
Bulinus strigatus Sowerby, 1838: pl. 143 g. 95.
Drymaeus tigrinus Da Costa, 1898: 82, pl. 6 g. 6 (lectotype BMNH 1907.11.21.55). Syn. nov.
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Loreto, near Río Arabela [01°36’S 075°14’W], 170 m, leg. G. Montalván
Naranjos, 6.xi.2007 (RMNH 114062/1, VMA 0181/1). See g. 8.
Animal.― The living animal is brownish-beige, slightly darker just above the foot;
the tentacles are whitish at the base and turning light-beige towards the eyes (g. 12).
Remarks.― These specimens t the description presented by Pilsbry (1898: 228),
especially the relatively very convex last whorl. However, they dier in lacking a pur-
ple streak at the inside of the aperture. In that respect they correspond to the lectotype
of Drymaeus tigrinus Da Costa, 1898, described from ‘Ecuador’, which has the inside of
the aperture whitish. Although Pilsbry considers D. strigatus to be ‘excessively variable
in coloration’, he also noted that D. tigrinus seems allied (Pilsbry, 1898). We here con-

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
27
sider both taxa to be synonyms.
Various authors have been quoted for this taxon with varying years of publication.
Breure (1979) erroneously quoted 1833 as the year of Sowerby’s publication. Richardson
(1995) aributed the taxon to Pfeier, 1841, whereas Sowerby’s name is available as in-
dication (Art. 12.2.7 ICZN). We here follow Petit (2009), who has concluded that the
part of Conchological Illustrations in which strigatus was published, appeared in 1838.
Genus Corona Albers, 1850
Corona Albers, 1850: 193.
Corona pfeieri (Hidalgo, 1869)
(gs 2-4, 14, 37-38)
Orthalicus pfeieri Hidalgo, 1869: 412 (syntype MNCN 15.05/3280/1)
Material examined.― Peru, Dept. Loreto, near Río Curaray [01°36’S 075°13’W], 153 m, leg. C. Rivera,
6.xi.2008, on a tree trunk (RMNH 114067/1, VMA 0076/1).
Animal.― Living animal with coarse, orange tubercles on a whitish skin. Tentacles
greyish, with a blue hue near the tips (g. 14).
Genitalia.― Penis proximally slender and subcylindrical, constricted at the base;
median part swollen, pear-shaped, tapering towards the distal part which is subcylin-
drical again. Transition to the epiphallus with a kink, thereaer gradually tapering;
twisted. Vas deferens adhering to and partially inside the penial complex. Flagellum ca.
1/5 the total length of the penial complex.
Internal structure of penial complex with longitudinal folds in proximal part of
penis, changing into a dense tubular network and a widened lumen in the distal part of
the penis. Epiphalus with 3-4 longitudinal folds proximally, transversing into ana-
tosmosing folds more distally. In the specimen dissected, a chitinous spermatophore
was being formed with the shape of agellum and epiphallus, its initial stage inside the
agellum and extending to the distal part of the penis.
Remarks.― This is the rst record of this species from Peru, which was hitherto
only known from Ecuador, where it was described from Prov. Pastaza, Ca nelos.

28 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Figs 2-4. Genitalia of Corona pfeieri (Hidalgo). 2, ventral overview; 3, dorsal view of penial complex;
4,
half-schematic longitudinal section of penial complex. Scale line = 0.5 mm.
2
3 4

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
29
Acknowledgements
We are much indebted to Grace Montalván Naranjos (Iquitos) for her continuous
eorts to collect snails during her work in Amazonian Peru. For assistance during eld
work we like to thank Juan Andrés Kostelac Roca and William Amaro Beltrán (Lima),
Sergio Macahuachi Encinas (Puerto Maldonado) and Carlos Rivera Gonzáles (Iquitos).
Jens Hemmen (Wiesbaden) kindly donated some material to the Leiden museum. Fran-
cisco Borrero (Cincinnati) gave practical help with one of the gures. We also thank
Kees van Achterberg and Ton de Winter (Leiden) for assistance with photographs of
shell details. Jonathan Able (London) and Virgenie Héros (Paris) provided photo-
graphs or information on type material from the collections under their care, for which
we are most grateful. Dolf van Bruggen and Jan van Tol (Leiden) were so kind to criti-
cize an earlier dra of the manuscript, resulting in useful improvements.
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Edited: A.J. de Winter

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
31
56
87
910
12
11
14
13
Fig. 5. Type locality of Scutalus phaeocheilus altoensis subspec. nov., Dept. Piura, El Alto.
Fig. 6. Scutalus mariopenai spec.nov. Specimen aestivating on rock.
Fig. 7. Type locality of Scutalus mariopenai spec. nov., Dept. Ancash, Catzcal.
Fig. 8. Habitat where Drymaeus strigatus was found, near Río Arabela. Photo: G. Montalván.
Fig. 9. Living specimen of Bostryx turritus (Broderip).
Figs 10-13. Scutalus mariopenai spec.nov. Living specimens.
Fig. 11. Living specimen of Drymaeus (D.) cecileae (Moricand).
Fig. 12. Living specimen of Drymaeus strigatus (Sowerby). Photo: G. Montalván.
Fig. 14. Living specimen of Corona pfeieri (Hidalgo). Photo: C. Rivero.

32 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Figs 15-20. Variation in Thaumastus ori (Jousseaume). 15-16, FG, shell height 65.0 mm; 17-18, VMA 0179,
shell height 64.4 mm; 19-20, VMA 0180, shell height 77.6 mm.
Figs 21-22. Bostryx chusgonensis sipas subspec. nov., holotype RMNH 114059, shell height 13.5 mm
Figs 23-25. Bostryx fragilis spec.nov. 23, holotype RMNH 114063, shell height 18.0 mm; 24, paratype
VMA 0021, shell height 17.4 mm; 25, upper whorls showing ne, interrupted spiral lines and proto-
conch sculpture.

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
33
15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22
23 24 25

34 Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
Fig. 26. Scutalus phaeocheilus altoensis subspec. nov., holotype RMNH 114045, shell height 37.2 mm
Figs 27-30. Scutalus mariopenai spec.nov. 27-28, holotype RMNH 114055, shell height 41.1 mm; 29-30,
paratype RMNH 114056.
Figs 31-32. Drymaeus (D.) cecileae (Moricand), RMNH 114184, shell height 21.0 mm.
Figs 33-34. Drymaeus (D.) strigatus (Sowerby), RMNH 114062, shell height 21.7 mm.
Figs 35-36. Drymaeus (D.) branneri F. Baker, VMA 0176, shell height 27.0 mm.
Figs 37-38. Corona pfeieri (Hidalgo), RMNH 114185, shell height 52.2 mm.

Breure & Mogollón Avila. Miscellaneous notes on Peruvian Orthalicidae. Zool. Med. Leiden 84 (2010)
35
26 27 28
29
31 32
33 34
35 36
37 38