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Potencial de Taro e Inhame como Matéria-Prima

Authors:
  • NGO Raizes

Abstract

Por ocasião da I Simpósio Nacional sobre as Culturas do Inhame e do Cará (Cereda, 2001), uma das decisões mais importantes foi a questão da uniformização das denominações regionais para taro e inhame, com o alinhamento com as denominações internacionais. Essa proposta foi aceita pelo plenário e gerou uma publicação justificando a necessidade desta medida, que poderia ser considerada antipática por abolir um nome tradicional brasileiro (Cará), mas foi extremamente importante por melhorar a troca de informações e facilitar a avaliação da estatística brasileira sobre as duas culturas. Um ano depois já foi possível constatar que houve por parte dos pesquisadores e extensionistas um esforço real de adaptação. No mesmo encontro foram apresentados dados sobre os valores nutricionais, mostrando que taro e inhame são calóricos, mas não mais calórico que a batata e outras hortaliças de raízes e tubérculos. O encontro mostrou que há disponibilidade de implementação de técnicas agrícolas para melhorar a produtividades, mas o consumo destes cultivos não aponta para aumentos significativos, pois em nível mundial apenas a batata apresenta demanda crescente. Entre os mercados visados foi citado o de exportação, onde o taro e o inhame podem ser valorizados como produtos étnicos (Cereda, 2002). As informações sobre produção no mundo pouco mudaram neste intervalo de tempo. Chandra (2000) chama a atenção de que esses cultivos têm sido considerados apenas como produtos de subsistência. O autor cita ainda a produção e consumo mundial comparados ao de batata (Tabela 1 e 2). Tabela 1. Produção mundial de inhame e taro, comparado ao de batata (1998). Produção x 10 3 toneladas Continentes Inhame Taro Batata África 28 939 4 484 8 935 América Central 485 23 27 672 América do Sul 487 4 13 339 Ásia 243 1 818 98 347 Oceania 222 285 1 757 Europa 2 * 145 581 Total 30 378 6 614 295 632 * produção não significativa ou nula. Fonte: FAO – Production Yearbook (1988) citado por Chandra (2000) Entre os continentes destaca-se a África como produtora e consumidora de taro e inhame. A Tabela 2 mostra que a África consome um total de 181 kg/ha/ano em cultivos de raízes, sendo a mandioca a maior, com 115 kg/ha/ano. O segundo lugar é ocupado pelo inhame com 39 kg/ha/ano. Por outro lado, apenas 20% da produção mundial de batata é produzida nos trópicos, mas o consumo é de 10 kg/ha/ano. Portanto considera-se que a maior produção e consumo de cultivos de raízes se encontram na África. A Ásia é o segundo maior produtor de inhame e taro, seguida pela Oceania. A Europa produz 2 mil toneladas de inhame, concentrados em seus meses de verão, já que o inhame é um cultivo de ciclo curto. Essa produção se destina a atender seu próprio mercado de pessoas de origem estrangeira radicadas no país. Mesmo considerando a importância social dos cultivos de raízes nas regiões tropicais, é impossível desconsiderar a penetração da batata nestes países, onde não é autóctone e que em valores nutricionais pouco acrescenta a dieta de seus habitantes.
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