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Organic farming in Poland
... These were revised in Poland in1998 to meet EU standards. A proposal to introduce state regulation of organic production was proposed in 2000 (Metera 2000). Estonia, on the other hand, has had regulation of organic production since 1997, although these were not harmonised with EU-regulations until 2001 (Mikk 2000). ...
... The organic agriculture movement started in the 1980s. It is reported to be largely motivated by, and responding to, growing public awareness of ecological issues (Metera 2000). Organic products were offered in Warsaw shops as early as 1989. ...
... Some of the products from certified organic production are sold as conventional products, while at the same time shopkeepers are said to be seeking stable supplies of organic products such as fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products and bread. (Metera 2000). ...
... De consumptie van biologische producten is in Polen nog zeer gering (Metera, 2002). Een doorslaggevende factor is vooralsnog het lage inkomensniveau dat weinig ruimte laat voor de aankoop van milieuvriendelijke producten die duurder zijn. ...
... Pogingen om via de grootwinkelbedrijven biologische producten te verkopen zijn tot nu toe weinig succesvol geweest. Overigens wordt wel hoop geput uit een meningspeiling in 1998 onder de Poolse consumenten (Metera, 2002 ). Volgens deze peiling zouden 40% van de consumenten bereid zijn biologische producten te kopen wanneer deze beschikbaar zijn in de winkel waar ze normaal boodschappen doen. ...
... De groei van het aantal winkels dat biologische producten verkoopt is dus laag. Deze winkels bieden overigens wel een breed assortiment Poolse en geïmporteerde verse en verwerkte biologische producten (Metera, 2002). ...
Dit rapport geeft inzicht in de concurrentiekracht van de biologische landbouwsector in Mid-den- en Oost-Europa. Daarbij is vooral gekeken naar de landen waarvan de concurrentiekracht het grootst wordt geacht: Hongarije, Polen en de Tsjechische Republiek. Er wordt een be-schrijving gegeven van de ontwikkelingen in zowel aanbod als vraag in de betreffende landen, waarbij het niet alleen gaat om de primaire productie maar ook de verwerking en distributie.
... În anul 1999 a fost introdus, de către Ministerul Agriculturii, Regulamentul privind subvenţiile directe pentru fermele ecologice, fapt care a contribuit la dezvoltarea rapidă a acestui sector în Polonia. Odată cu aderarea Poloniei la Uniunea Europeana, în anul 2004, sistemul legislativ s-a modificat iar programele de agro-mediu din cadrul Politicii Agricole Comune au generat interesul crescut pentru conversie la agricultura ecologică (Metera 2005, 3-12); g) în România prima asociaţie a producătorilor agricoli ecologici a fost înfiinţată în anul 1997 sub denumirea de " Asociaţia Biottera " , iar în anul următor ia fiinţă Asociaţia Română pentru Agricultură Durabilă, asociaţie fondată de cercetători ştiinţifici, cadre universitare având ca scop promovarea sistemelor de agricultură durabilă. Cadrul tehnic şi organizatoric în care se produc, prepară, importă/exportă şi/sau se comercializează produse agroalimentare ecologice în România este reglementat din punct de vedere legislativ încă din anul 2000 când Guvernul adoptă Ordonanţa de Urgenţă a Guvernului nr. ...
În condiţiile economico - sociale actuale, profund influenţate de criza economică,
producţia durabilă şi sustenabilă, reducerea dependenţei faţă de resurse energetice
neregenerabile, protecţia mediului, adaptarea la schimbările climatice şi dezvoltarea
rurală, reprezintă unele dintre cele mai importante obiective strategice ale Uniunii
Europene.
Această lucrare a fost realizată în cadrul proiectului POSDRU 159/1.5/S/133675 „Inovare şi dezvoltare în
structurarea şi reprezentarea cunoaşterii prin burse doctorale şi posdoctorale (IDSRC- doc posdoc)”, cofinanţat
de Uniunea Europeană şi Guvernul României din Fondul Social European prin Programul Operaţional
Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013.
... Organic farming emerged in Poland in 1980 under the influence of experts from Demeter Association. In 1989 the Ekoland association was established, becoming in 1990 full member in the IFOAM (Metera 2005). ...
The paper analyses the manner in which organic agriculture has developed in the emerging countries of the European Union, in particular during the current economic crisis. Organic agriculture represents a continuously expanding sector in the European Union. In the period 2000-2012, the total utilized area for organic production increased by 6.7% per year on the average, reaching approximately 9.6 million hectares, accounting for 5.4% of the total utilized agricultural area in the EU. The emerging nations in the European Union (Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania) have experienced a brisk development pace in terms of the area farmed under the organic system, which expanded to 1,614,226 hectares in the period 2009-2012, representing 17% of the total organic land area of the European Union. Owing to the significant areas farmed under the organic system and to the large number of registered operators, which also correlate with a low development level of the domestic markets for organic agricultural products, the emerging nations of the European Union represent an important source for imports of organic products in the EU.
... Przeprowadzona w 1995 roku kontrola Państwowej Inspekcji Handlowej (PIH) wykazała, Ŝe ponad 50% skontrolowanych produktów została niewłaściwie oznakowana. Pomimo istniejącej regulacji prawnej kwestia, kto moŜe wydawać atest i na podstawie jakich kryteriów pozostawała niejasna [4]. ...
... The Polish government supported the costs of inspection and certification of organic farms from 1998 onwards. Area payments for organic farming (from the second year of conversion on) were introduced in 1999 (Hrabalova et al. 2005; Metera 2005 provided as part of the agri-environmental programme), and the average organic farming payment per hectare supported amounted to €44 (€104) per ha. All in all, 62 (91)% of the organically managed land in Poland was supported in 2003 (2004) (Hrabalova et al. 2005). ...
... Sweden and The Netherlands each rely on a single privately organized organic label (Boström and Klintman 2006; Hofer 2000). In Poland and Hungary, in addition to the labels of farmers' associations, labels of private for-profit certifiers are available (Kovács 2008; Metera 2008). Denmark, Finland, and Spain have the most rigorous state involvement in organic labelling, where not only the organic label, but also the certification process is carried out directly by the state (Dimitri and Oberholzer 2005). ...
The purchase of environmental-labelled goods is an important dimension of sustainable consumption. Existing research on environmental
labels and sustainable consumption has a rather individualistic bias. Organizational and structural determinants have only
recently sparked attention. In this paper, a comparative framework is used to analyse the impact of organizational varieties
of environmental labelling and market supply characteristics on purchases of environmental-labelled goods in 18 European countries.
Focusing on labels for organic food and ecological durables, the plurality of existing labels as well as state involvement
into labelling are used as the central dimensions constituting the organizational varieties. Market structures refer to the
supply of labelled goods and the dominant retailing channels that make up the infrastructure for this dimension of sustainable
consumption. After giving an overview on the underlying theoretical mechanisms of the main determinants, country differences
in the organization of environmental labelling as well as the market structures are outlined. To analyse the effect of these
differences, individual level data of a 2007 Eurobarometer survey on purchases of environmental-labelled goods is combined
with organizational and market structural indicators. Using random intercept regression models and controlling for individual
socio-economic and aggregate market demand-side factors, like average per capita income, share of post-materialists, and level
of generalized trust, only the market supply and retailing structure reveal a robust effect on individual purchases of environmental
friendly labelled goods.
KeywordsSustainable consumption–Organic food–Eco-label–Labelling–Europe
... 898. This law was also supplemented by a number of executive regulations coming into force in 2004 (Metera, 2005). ...
Although, at the time of accession to the EU, organic farming policies formally were equally developed in the Czech Republic and Poland, a closer investigation reveals some variation. This paper takes a policy network perspective to explore the policy differences between these two countries. Common network themes are used to link networks with policy output. It is argued that the capacity of the organic sector and its structural organization, its cohesion, and the relationship between organic interest groups and the government affect the political discourse, and, in consequence, how organic farming policy is elaborated.
It is a full text of my Ph.D thesis realized in the years 1999-2002 in Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) about the effect of farmyard manure on properties and productivity of soils degraded by long-term unbalanced mineral fertilization. The text is in Polish, I added some English titles, subtitles and figure and table's names. I know about some errors made during this study, however I hope it may be useful for some people. Recently I added also full text translated into Spanish.
This study of the politics of food production/consumption in Poland and the Czech Republic brings together food and post-socialist studies. The food stories explored in the paper, relating to packaging, restaurant dining, self-provisioning and the emergence of an organic food sector, open up the politics of everyday life in these significant cases. We show that there are diverse responses to ‘transition’ that are resistant or alternative to dominant narratives of linear progression towards Western ‘normality’. This finding is of wider significance at a time when debates about globalization and sustainability are promoting searches for alternative economic forms and practices.
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