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Fathers' Motivation for Involvement with Their Children: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Abstract
) The degree to which fathers' motivation for involvement with their preschool children was intrinsic versus extrinsic was examined in a sample of 205 French-speaking fathers. Links between fathers' motivation and fathers' perceptions of support from partners, fathers' sense of competence in parenting, fathers' involvement in parenting, and fathers' satisfaction in their performance of the parental role were investigated. Structural equation modeling revealed a father's perceptions that his partner has confidence in his parenting ability were related to both feelings of competence in parenting and to his motivation, which in turn was related to his involvement and to his satisfaction in his performance of the parental role. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Full Text (7247 words) Copyright Men's Studies Press Winter 2007 [Headnote] The degree to which fathers' motivation for involvement with their preschool children was intrinsic versus extrinsic was examined in a sample of 205 French-speaking fathers. Links between fathers' motivation and fathers' perceptions of support from partners, fathers' sense of competence in parenting, fathers' involvement in parenting, and fathers' satisfaction in their performance of the parental role were investigated. Structural equation modeling revealed a father's perceptions that his partner has confidence in his parenting ability were related to both feelings of competence in parenting and to his motivation, which in turn was related to his involvement and to his satisfaction in his performance of the parental role. Although many men seek a father-child relationship characterized by more nurturance and intimacy than they experienced with their own fathers (Palkowitz, 2002), a significant number of absent and uninvolved fathers do not assume responsibility for their children (Parke, 2002; Silverstein, 2002). A large body of research has examined the determinants of father involvement (Marsiglio, Amato, Day, & Lamb, 2000). Lamb (1997), for example, identified motivation, skills and confidence, social support, and supportive policies as facilitating men's involvement with their children. This study examined the associations between fathers' perceptions of support from partners, fathers' sense of competence in parenting, fathers' motivation for involvement with their children, fathers' involvement in parenting, and fathers' satisfaction in their performance of the parental role. A number of scholars have emphasized the need for interation of theory and empirical findings in this Held (e.g., Marsiglio et al., 2000; Rane & McBride, 2000). Because the study of father involvement lies at the confluence of many disciplines, it has been enriched by a variety of theoretical models.
... On the other hand, we uncovered a number of intrinsic resources that fathers drew upon to fulfill their parenting responsibilities, such as a strong sense of determination to be involved with their children and their own growth mindset toward fathering. This is consistent with studies that have linked fathers' intrinsic motivations for involvement with higher levels of parenting competence, higher levels of satisfaction with the fathering role, and father involvement (Bouchard et al., 2007). ...
In comparison to resident fathers, non-resident fathers face formidable challenges in maintaining a consistent presence in their children’s lives. Such challenges tend to exist on multiple contextual levels--intrapersonal, interpersonal, neighborhood, community, cultural, and societal. We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with a sample of eight participants who identified as an African American, biological, non-resident father to at least one child, ages 5–17. We explored barriers and facilitators to their involvement on five contextual levels—self, co-parenting, family, social/community, and societal. We employed a phenomenological methodology which revealed numerous barriers to involvement with children, including the father’s own personal lived experiences, conflictual co-parenting and family dynamics, engagement in the street lifestyle, and challenges with parenting across multiple households. Findings also revealed several supports to involvement with children, including the father’s determination to be involved and growth mindset toward fathering, positive and supportive co-parenting relationships, family support, and fatherhood programs. The results of this study are intended to provide contextually-based insights for service providers that can be translated into service delivery and applied to programs that focus on eliminating barriers and increasing supports to father involvement, thereby improving child well-being and enhancing family functioning.
... İdeal baba katılım performansının, çocukların ve babaların bireysel ihtiyaçlarını göz önünde bulundurarak karşılıklı sevgi, saygı ve memnuniyetten oluştuğu şeklinde bir çıkarım mevcuttur (Palkovitz, 2012). Zaman içinse, çocuklarıyla daha fazla zaman geçirdikçe babaların çocukları ile ilişkilerinin gelişmeye devam etmesi (Cerniglia, Cimino ve Ballarotto, 2014) ve yeterliliklerinin artması (Bouchard, Lee, Asgary ve Pelletier, 2007;Cannon, Schoppe-Sullivan, Mangelsdorf, Brown ve Sokolowski, 2008;Pekel-Uludağlı, 2019) göz önüne alındığında, geçirilen nitelikli zaman artışının olumlu baba katılımı ile ilişkili olduğu söylenebilmektedir. ...
Bu çalışma baba katılımının potansiyel sosyodemografik öncüllerinin toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden yorumlanması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. 5-6 yaş grubunda çocuğu olan babalardan (n= 377) anket yoluyla, aile ve çalışma durumu değişkenleri, baba katılımı (ve alt boyutlarının) düzeyleri ve toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik tutumları hakkında bilgi alınmıştır. Analizler bağımsız t testi ve ANOVA ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının çocuğun cinsiyetinden etkilenebildiği, çocuk doğum sırası arttığında keyfi meşguliyet boyutu puanının düşebildiği, çocuğun cinsiyetine dair beklentisi olmayan babaların ilgi ve yakınlık puanlarının yüksek olduğu, babaların eğitim düzeyinin yükselmesi ile eşitlikçi tutumun ve baba katılım düzeyinin ayrı ayrı ilişkili olabileceği görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, çalışma durumunun baba katılım boyutlarından bazılarını etkileyebileceği, ancak kazanç düzeyinin etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Eşitlikçilik puanları yüksek olan babaların daha eğitimli ve daha çok kazanan kadınlarla evli olduğu; daha çok kazanan eşlerle evli olan babaların farklı boyutlarda daha katılımcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular yorumlandığında, baba katılımının çocuk cinsiyeti ve sayısı ile ilişkili olabileceği, anne-baba çalışma durumlarından etkilendiği; anneye dair değişkenlerin birçok alt boyutta baba katılımını etkiliyor olabileceği söylenebilmektedir. Bu değişkenler babaların toplumsal cinsiyete dair tutumu ile karşılaştırıldığında, eşitlikçi babaların daha az çocuk yaptığı, farklı alanlarda daha çok katılım gösterdiği ve daha yüksek eğitimli kadınlarla evli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Son olarak, babaların evlenecekleri kişiye yönelik tercihlerinin, temelde babaların cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik tutumlarıyla ilgili olabileceği, annelerin çalışma hayatlarının babaları katılıma yönlendiriyor olabileceği tartışılmıştır. Üretilen bir diğer varsayım ise, daha eşitlikçi yaklaşıma sahip olup daha çok katılım gösterebilecek erkeklerin, kadınlar tarafından seçilebiliyor olduğuna yöneliktir.
... Muitos elementos podem definir a participação paterna no acompanhamento dos filhos. Em estudo sobre a motivação dos pais para se envolverem com os filhos, Bouchard et al. (2007) deixaram claras as relações diretas entre os níveis de envolvimento e a satisfação no desempenho do papel parental, avivando a noção do compromisso e da dedicação parental ao longo da vida. ...
Os compromissos parentais vão além de prover insumos para as condições adequadas de viver, abarcando, inclusive as estratégias de estímulo ao desenvolvimento saudável de crianças e jovens. Neste sentido, a educação para e pelo lazer, realizada de modo intergeracional, se torna elemento fundamental para esse processo. Entretanto, nem todos os pais estão cientes de como contribuir para a aquisição de hábitos saudáveis envolvendo o lazer. Este estudo teve por objetivo oferecer proposições de atividades intergeracionais, pautadas na educação para e pelo lazer, subsidiando e complementando os ditames da paternidade atenta, participativa e compromissada. O estudo teve uma natureza qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, com base em relato de experiência sobre a realização de um curso de formação docente em Sinop/MT, no qual foram propostas as atividades intergeracionais referentes a geocaching, construção de brinquedos e atividades esportivas, como slackline, “basquetão” e “vôlei de lençol”, para serem realizadas na escola, reunindo pais e filhos. Os dados reiteram a importância da valorização do lazer como direito social, difundindo a educação para e pelo lazer como formas de minimizar as barreiras sociais do lazer e ressignificar o papel imprescindível da paternidade participativa na criação de hábitos saudáveis.
مستخلص
هدف البحث إلى قياس أثر التفاعل بين نمطى الأنشطة القائمة على محفزات الألعاب (الفردية – الجماعية) وشكل تكرارها (ثابتة – متدرجة) في تنمية بعض المهارات المعرفية لدى الأطفال بطيء التعلم، وقد تكونت عينة البحث من (44) طفلاً وطفلة بطيء التعلم بمرحلة الروضة، والذين تتراوح أعمارهم ما بين (5-6) سنوات وأعمارهم الزمنية ما بين (7-8)، وتتراوح درجة ذكائهم ما بين (70-90) في مقياس ستانفورد بنيه للذكاء الصورة الخامسة (محمود أبو النيل وآخرون، 2011)، وقد أعد الباحثان مقياس المهارات المعرفية لبطيء التعلم، واستخدم البحث المنهج التجريبي والتصميم شبه التجريبي وتم تقسيم العينة الى اربعة مجموعات بطريقة عشوائية كل مجموعة (11) طفل وطفلة، واستخدم البحث منصة (Quizizz, Crowdpurr) وتم تصميم الأنشطة وفق شكل التكرار (ثابت ومتغير) وتقديم الأنشطة بشكل كلاسيكي (فردي) وبشكل فريق (جماعي) على مجموعات البحث، وقد أشارت نتائج البحث إلى وجود فرق ذا دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 0.01 بين متوسطي درجات مقياس المهارات المعرفية لبطيء التعلم (المجموعة التي قدمت لها أنشطة فردية باستخدام محفزات الألعاب، والمجموعة التي قدمت لها الأنشطة الجماعية في فرق باستخدام محفزات الألعاب) لصالح المجموعة التي قدمت لها الأنشطة بالنمط الجماعي، كما يوجد فرق ذا دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 0.01 بين متوسطي درجات مقياس المهارات المعرفية لبطيء التعلم (المجموعة التي قدمت لها أنشطة في شكل تكرار ثابت، والمجموعة التي قدمت لها الأنشطة في شكل تكرار متدرج) لصالح المجموعة التي قدمت لها الأنشطة بشكل تكرار ثابت، أما عن تفاعل كل من نمط الأنشطة وشكل التكرار فتوصل البحث إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى 0.01 بين المجموعات التجريبية الأربعة بين متوسطات درجات مقياس المهارات المعرفية للأطفال بطئ التعلم وفقا للترتيب (نمط جماعي وشكل تكرار ثابت – نمط جماعي وشكل تكرار متدرج – نمط فردى وشكل تكرار ثابت – نمط فردى وشكل تكرار متدرج)
الكلمات المفتاحية: الأنشطة التفاعلية الإلكترونية الفردية والجماعية – شكل تكرار الأنشطة ثابتة – شكل تكرار الأنشطة متدرجة - محفزات الألعاب – المهارات المعرفية - بطيء التعلم.
The home math environment is vital for early math development. Yet, there is limited understanding of how parents translated their attitudes towards helping children learn math (HCLM) into actions to influence their young children’s math-related outcomes. Thus, the present study examined whether parents’ perceived competence, value, and pressure about HCLM contributed to young children’s math competence through parents’ interest in HCLM, home math activities, and children’s interest in math. One hundred forty-seven parents were surveyed about their attitudes, practices, and their children’s math interest. Meanwhile, their children were individually tested on applied math problem solving. Results showed that parents’ perceived competence and value about HCLM predicted their interest in HCLM, while parents’ pressure about HCLM predicted children’s math interest. Parents’ interest in HCLM is positively linked to children’s applied math problem solving via children’s math interest. This study shed light on the importance of promoting parents’ positive attitudes towards HCLM.
Cadre de la recherche : Au cours des dernières décennies, le rôle paternel a connu des changements majeurs. Les pères sont plus impliqués dans l’éducation et les soins de leurs enfants. Il importe d’identifier comment les rôles paternels influencent les comportements des pères dans leur quotidien. Cependant, il n’existe actuellement pas d’outil pour mesurer ces rôles dans un contexte québécois. La recherche récente (Lacharité, 2020) suggère également que la perception que les pères ont de leur rôle peut être en lien avec le manque de gratification du rôle de père, le sentiment de compétence parentale et le stress parental, connus comme des facteurs de vulnérabilité, inhérents au fait d’être père.
Objectifs : La présente étude a comme objectif principal de développer un instrument mesurant la perception des pères de leur rôle parental. Cette recherche vise également à examiner les liens entre les rôles paternels et les facteurs de vulnérabilité ordinaire.
Méthodologie : L’Échelle des rôles paternels (ERP) a été développée à partir d’une étude qualitative préliminaire explorant la perception du rôle paternel chez des pères d’enfant d’âge scolaire (Caty, 2020). Pour ce faire, 462 pères québécois ayant au moins un enfant âgé de 0 à 12 ans ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne.
Résultats : Une analyse factorielle exploratoire révèle quatre rôles paternels : le rôle de transmission, de discipline, d’engagement et de stimulation. Des analyses de corrélations de Pearson soulèvent des liens significatifs entre les rôles paternels et les facteurs de vulnérabilité.
Conclusions : Construit à partir de la subjectivité du discours des pères, l’ERP est un instrument de mesure fidèle.
Contribution : Cette étude contribue à la compréhension de la pluralité des rôles perçus par les pères et des liens entre ces rôles et les facteurs de vulnérabilité pouvant influencer leur expérience.
This chapter reviews recent research concerning the levels, origins. and consequences of paternal involvement. Its focus is restricted to adult lathers in heterosexual two-parent families, as other chapters in this volume consider other important paternal groups. Investigations conducted in the United States provide most of the data discussed here, but some research from other industrial countries is included.
Several themes guide the chapter. Data on fathers' average level of involvement are of great interest to many people, but these assessments vary considerably according to many factors, not least the measures used. Descriptive results on fathers' average levels of involvement are actually far more variable than is generally realized. Nonetheless there is a tendency to think that the question "How involved are U.S. fathers?" should have a simple answer.
Further conceptualization is needed of the origins and sources of paternal involvement. Lamb. Pleck, Charnov, and Levine (1985: Pleck, Lamb, & Levine 1986) proposed a four-factor model for its sources: motivation, skills and self-confidence. social supports. and institutional practices. This framework needs to be integrated with other available models for the determinants of fathering, and with more general theoretical perspectives on parental functioning. Because the construct of paternal involvement called attention to an important dimension of fathers' behavior neglected in prior research and theory. it was an important advance. However, the utility, of the construct in its original. content-free sense now needs to be reconsidered. The critical question is: How good is the evidence that fathers' amount of involvement, without taking into account its content and quality, is consequential for children, mothers, or fathers themselves?
This book assembles 11 of the leading thinkers and researchers in the field of family psychology to create a compendium summarizing both what psychology researchers have learned about the family and where the field should be going next. It evolved after the volume's contributors met with other distinguished family scholars to discuss family influences on child development and to ponder how this knowledge could be used to benefit families and children. This volume includes approaches to the family that feature multiple levels and topics of focal interest to benefit anyone interested in the family. Central topics include mothering, fathering, marriages, family group processes, sibling relations, and families as systems. In addition, three senior authors offer road maps to detect, and suggest (a) challenges in research on parenting, (b) marital and family dynamics, and (c) family systems in the years ahead. In keeping with the theme of how research affects the lives of families outside the university lab settings, this volume includes a chapter on the interface between family research and law. This book closes with a "big picture" analysis and critique of what is known and not known. Psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, and public policymakers interested in the family should especially find this volume of interest.
Fathers and mothers ( n = 120) of preschool-aged children completed 2 measures assessing fathers' behavioral involvement in child care (i.e., the amount of time that the father was the child's primary caregiver and the number of child-care tasks performed). The results reaffirm the findings from previous studies that father's long work hours can be a barrier to greater participation in child care but that mothers' extended work hours serve to increase father participation in child care. Women's perception of their husbands' competence as parents and marital satisfaction also explain fathers' involvement. Fathers' gender role ideology and attitudes about the fathers' role appear important for fathers' involvement in child care, and findings indicate that men's involvement may be more self-determined than previously believed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between perceptions of the parenting alliance, marital quality, and the amount of involvement fathers have in raising their young children. Subjects were 89 predominately White, two-parent families with preschool aged children. Self-report and interview data were collected to measure each parent's participation in three categories of parental involvement (interaction, accessibility, and responsibility), as well as perceptions of the parenting alliance and marital quality. Multiple regression procedures suggested that fathers' perceptions of spouses' confidence in their own parenting, as well as mother's emotional appraisal of their partners' parenting and their shared parenting philosophy were significant predictors of father involvement in child rearing activities. Results are discussed in terms of future research on paternal involvement, as well as for the development of intervention programs designed to facilitate increased levels of father involvement in child rearing.
In order to examine the influence of the father's personality, the infant's temperament, the marital relationship, and the work-family interface on observed father-infant interaction and reports of paternal responsibility during the infancy period, 54 dual-earner and 65 single-earner families were studied. A major goal was to explore whether specific determinants were more successful in predicting fathering in dual-earner as opposed to single-earner families (i.e., contextual specificity) and whether the prediction of fathering differed as a function of developmental period (i.e., developmental specificity). Results indicated that personality characteristics of the father were important in predicting the father's responsibility for child care in single-earner families but not in dual-earner families. The contextual factors of marriage and work were influential in predicting fathering in both dual- and single-earner households. There was no indication that the determinants differentially predicted fathering across the 3-month and 9-month measurement occasions. Results are discussed with regard to the importance of demonstrating empirically that the prediction of fathering may differ as a function of family context or developmental period.