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Geospatial Web service client
Abstract
This Geospatial Web Service Client (GWSC) provides an interoperable way of accessing geospatial Web service, especially those from Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), for integrating and analyzing distributed heterogeneous Earth science data. GWSC utilizes the geospatial interoperability and Web service standards developed by OGC, ISO, W3C, and GRID communities to enable in service discovery, invocation, negotiation, selection and composition. GWSC is in conformity with OGC Catalog Service for Web (CSW) specification to play a "directory" role that permits the registry, discovery and access of geospatial information resources that distribute on the Internet, such as services, data sets, data descriptions and their associations. By implementing the latest protocols of OGC Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Coverage Service (WCS), GWSC provides a single point of entry to the access of OGC compliant data services around the world to request any subsets of a multi-dimensional and multi-temporal geospatial data for a specific geographic region. It provides the capabilities to handle all details of different protocols internally so that users don't need to know the low level details of how to find and access these data. GWSC also can access tool-like Web services, such as Web Image Classification Service (WICS) and Web Coordinates Transformation Service (WCTS), to produce value-added data products. Moreover, in order for developing user's own more complex processing workflow that is used for further geospatial visualization and analysis, GWSC supports to build, instantiate, execute and register Web service chain.
... III. BUILDING DESKTOP-LIKE GEONAS Multiple-Protocol Geospatial Client (MPGC) [10] ...
... Multiple-Protocol Geospatial Client (MPGC) [10], the predecessor of GeOnAS, was widely installed by GeoBrain project partners and users. However, it was not easily to deploy and upgrade according to their feedback. ...
As one of key components of Web 2.0 architecture, Ajax brings web applications with more responsive, interactive, intuitive and dynamic features. With its rich combination of technologies, Ajax provides a strong foundation for the development of geospatial web applications. An Ajax-enabled and desktop-like online geospatial analysis system is built to provide Geosciences community an easy web access to Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards compliant geospatial data, information and services from multiple sources. In this system, Ajax-enabled Graphic User Interface (GUI) components, Servlet calling and web service invocations are integrated and implemented to create a better web experience for the end users. Ajax helps this data-rich and service-centric geospatial web application be increasingly used.
... The interoperability and flexibility of GeOnAS is ensured through adoption of recognized standards (e.g. W3C, ISO, OASIS and OGC) and Java, XSD, XML, JSP, Ajax, J2EE (Zhao et al, 2005). This geospatial Web portal offers an interactive entry point to search, retrieve, visualize, and analyze geospatial data in the context of location and time, and to leverage geospatial resources across the network to foster new insights and better decision making. ...
The geospatial Web portal is the gateway to combining news, information, data, and applications from the geosciences community. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Software as a Service, Rich Internet Application, and other emerging Web standards and technologies have revolutionized the implementation of Web portals. The GeoBrain project is developing a comprehensive Web service-oriented geospatial portal, the GeoBrain Online Analysis System (GeOnAS). This data-rich and service-centric geospatial portal provides easy, fast, and federated Web access to geospatial data, information, and services compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium standards from multiple sources. It offers standards-based geospatial data discovery, retrieval, visualization and analysis to facilitate geosciences research and education around the world, and to help decision-makers and analysts work more efficiently and effectively within an SOA runtime environment. Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) also brings more responsive, interactive, and dynamic features to this Web portal and creates a better Web experience to its end users in the confines of a modern browser. Chapter Preview
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2. Overview
This section reviews the progress and applications of SOA, OGC Web services, Ajax, and the Geospatial Web portal.
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... The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), a non-profit, international standards organization with contributors from both the private industry sector and academia, has also taken the lead in developing web service standards for publishing geospatial data and operations. The open standards that OGC defines for geospatial data and services, such as Web Coverage Service (WCS), Web Feature Service (WFS), Web Map Service (WMS), and Catalog Service for Web (CSW) are being increasingly adopted by the GIS developers (Zhao et al., 2005). Another standard developed by OGC is the Web Processing Service (WPS), which was officially adopted in 2007 (OGC, 2007). ...
GRASS is a well-known geographic information system developed more than 30 years ago. As one of the earliest GIS systems, GRASS has currently survived mainly as free, open-source desktop GIS software, with users primarily limited to the research community or among programmers who use it to create customized functions. To allow average GIS end users to continue taking advantage of this widely-used software, we developed a GRASS Web Application Software System (GWASS), a distributed, web-based, multi-tiered Geospatial Information System (GIS) built on top of the GeoBrain web service, a project sponsored by NASA using the latest service oriented architecture (SOA). This SOA enabled system offers an effective and practical alternative to current commercial desktop GIS solutions. With GWASS, all geospatial processing and analyses are conducted by the server, so users are not required to install any software at the client side, which reduces the cost of access for users. The only resource needed to use GWASS is an access to the Internet, and anyone who knows how to use a web browser can operate the system. The SOA framework is revitalizing the GRASS as a new means to bring powerful geospatial analysis and resources to more users with concurrent access.
... For example, the KEPLER scientific workflow system offers a Web Service composition and execution framework for distributed environmental modelling (Jägery et al., 2005). While Zhao and colleagues entirely achieve composition using BPEL ( Zhao et al., 2005), Tanasescu and others combine WSMO and IRS III for composing Semantic GWS ( Tanasescu et al., 2006). A similar approach has been used by Liping and others, who combine OWL-S and BPEL ( Liping et al., 2006). ...
Geospatial Web Services (GWS) provide access to geospatial data and expose basic processing functionality using Web Service technology. The complexity of geo-processing tasks necessitates the discovery of basic Web Services and their combination to user-oriented and application-specific service compositions. Semantic heterogeneity has been identified as a core problem that hinders the full exploitation of GWS. Current discovery and composition approaches do not address these problems. This paper presents an analysis of the use of Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), a state-of-the-art composition approach, and highlight its major limitations in discovery and in composing GWSs. Semantic Web Services (SWS) discovery and composition using the Web Services Modeling Ontology (WSMO) is proposed as improvement. The costs of this sophisticated approach are elaborated.
... These standards are actively supported by commercial software from ESRI, Leica Geosystems, Intergraph, etc. and open source software like MapServer, GeoServer, degree and more. And Atlas interface as metaphor for accessing Geospatial Data Infrastructure (Aim4GDI) [1], Multiple Protocol Geospatial Client (MPGC) [14], Earth Science Gateway (ESG) [2], etc. research projects have been implemented to access distributed geospatial data sources and perform specific geospatial analysis utilizing these OGC interoperability specifications [4]. The fundamental design principle of GeOnAS is to leverage large amounts of distributed geospatial data and computational resources to support advanced analysis and decision making [5]. ...
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Web Services, Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX), and other new Web technologies have revolutionized the use of geospatial Web applications. The GeoBrain project has built a powerful online extensible and scalable geospatial analysis system based on SOA. This system utilizes Web Services and AJAX to increase the interactive capabilities of user interfaces and improve the user experience. It provides Geosciences community a highly interoperable way of accessing Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web services for geospatial data discovery, retrieval, visualization and analysis. It also leverages Web service standards to enable geospatial services discovery, selection, negotiation and invocation to be used in making more informed decisions.
... GeoBrain provides a multi-protocol geo-information client (MPGC) to users for free. MPGC is an integrated client, providing not only accesses to all virtual and real data/information provided by GeoBrain and all other OGCcompliant providers but also the geospatial modeling/ workflow interfaces, peer-review interfaces, and the collaborative development interfaces [12].Figure 1. GeoBrain Architecture IV. USING GEOBRAIN GeoBrain is being developed to provide a data-enhanced online learning and research environment for remote sensing and Earth science disciplines. ...
GeoBrain is a Web based geospatial information and knowledge system that adopts and implements the newly emerged geospatial Web service technologies. It provides innovative methods in remote sensing education to prepare students with world-view training and experiences, transfer spatial data and information technologies to the professional workforce and society at large, and meet the increasing needs for globalization for remote sensing education and research.
... Interactive Visualizer and Image Classifier for Satellites (IVICS), a free downloadable desktop visualization tool to facilitate selection of training samples from satellite images, has evolved into a general purpose visualization system that supports several common satellite and remote sensing data formats [2]. Multiple-Protocol Geospatial Client (MPGC), the predecessor of GeOnAS, provides an interoperable way of accessing OGC-compatible geospatial Web services for integrating and analyzing distributed heterogeneous Earth science data [3]. However, users must create the proper running environment for these tools on their computers. ...
GeOnAS is an extensible, scalable and powerful online geospatial analysis system based on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA),
and is designed and implemented with the complementary technologies, Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) and Web services,
which greatly increase the interactive capabilities of graphical user interfaces and improve the user experience. It provides
a highly interoperable way of accessing Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) compliant web services for geospatial data discovery,
retrieval, visualization and analysis, and leverages web service standards to enable service discovery, selection, negotiation
and invocation for making more informed decisions.
... At present, Geographical Information System (GIS) software makers have extended the existing Web GIS software, such as ArcIMS9.0 of ESRI, MapXtreme 6.5 of MapInfo, and MapGuide of Autodesk (OGC 2010) to support the web services of OGC. Also some software makers and organizations have developed new systems following those standards; for example, LAITS (laboratory of George Mason University in the USA) supports the Earth Observation Data Service by implementing the WCS, Coordinate Transformation Service, and the Image Classification Service (Zhao et al. 2005). The OGC standards also play an important *Corresponding author. ...
Finding the right spatially aware web service in a heterogeneous distributed environment using criteria such as service type, version, time, space, and scale has become a challenge in the integration of geospatial information services. A new method for retrieving Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Service (OWS) that deals with this challenge using page crawling, link detection, service capability matching, and ontology reasoning, is described in this paper. Its major components are distributed OWS, the OWS search engine, the OWS ontology generator, the ontology-based OWS catalog service, and the ontology-based multi-protocol OWS client. Experimental results show that the execution time of this proposed method equals only 0.26 of that of Nutch's method. In addition, the precision is much higher. Moreover, this proposed method can carry out complex OWS reasoning-based queries. It is being used successfully for the Antarctica multi-protocol OWS portal of the Geo-Information Web Service Portal of the Polar.
Recent advances in open geospatial web service, such as Web Map Service as well as corresponding web ready data processing
service, have led to the generation of large amounts of OGC enabled links on Internet. How to find the correct spatial aware
web service in a heterogeneous distributed environment with some special criteria, such as coincidence of type, version, time,
space and scale has become a “bottleneck” of geospatial web-based applications. In order to improve the accessing precision
of OGC Web Map Service (WMS) on WWW, a new methodology for retrieving WMS based on extended search engine and service capability
match is put forward in this paper. Major components include the WMS search engine, WMS ontology generator, WMS catalogue
service and multi protocol WMS client. Here we proposed the architecture and interaction between these components before focusing
on the service capability match and design of the WMS ontology. The process of WMS link detection, capability matching, ontology
modeling, and automatic registry are reported in this paper. Then the precision and response time of WMS retrieval is evaluated,
results show that the mean execution time during per effective hit of proposed method is 0.44 times than that of traditional
method, moreover, the precision is about 10 times than that of traditional method. WMS ontology record could be generated
by ontology reasoning, registered and served by CSW.
Geospatial science is the science and art of acquiring, archiving, manipulating, analyzing, communicating, modeling with, and utilizing spatially explicit data for understanding physical, chemical, biological, and social systems on the Earth's surface or near the surface. In order to share distributed geospatial resources and facilitate the interoperability, the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), an industry–government–academia consortium, has developed a set of widely accepted Web-based interoperability standards and protocols. Grid is the technology enabling resource sharing and coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations. Geospatial Grid is an extension and application of Grid technology in the geospatial discipline. This paper discusses problems associated with directly using Globus-based Grid technology in the geospatial disciplines, the needs for geospatial Grids, and the features of geospatial Grids. Then, the paper presents a research project that develops and deploys a geospatial Grid through integrating Web-based geospatial interoperability standards and technology developed by OGC with Globus-based Grid technology. The geospatial Grid technology developed by this project makes the interoperable, personalized, on-demand data access and services a reality at large geospatial data archives. Such a technology can significantly reduce problems associated with archiving, manipulating, analyzing, and utilizing large volumes of geospatial data at distributed locations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Web Image Classification Service (WICS) Implementation Specification
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Evans, J. (2003). Web Coverage Service. OpenGIS Project Document: OGC 03-065r6, Open Geospatial Consortium Inc.
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ASPRS 2005 Annual Conference
Baltimore, Maryland ♦ March 7-11, 2005