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The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research
Abstract
Defining entrepreneurship research
... The creation of value is the ultimate goal of entrepreneurial activities, and some intend to generate monetary value or profit while others are designed to create social values (Kang & Uhlenbruk, 2006;Venkataraman, 1997). The notion of 'value', however, is highly unique, subjective, and context-dependent, varying significantly across different entrepreneurial fields (Ardichvili, Cardozo, & Ray, 2003;Baron, 2006). ...
... The present study applies the conceptual frameworks of Venkataraman (1997) and McKenzie, Ugbah, and Smothers (2007) to examine the products developed by academic entrepreneurs in the field of entrepreneurship. Venkataraman (1997) argues that entrepreneurship extends beyond the boundaries of the business field. ...
... The present study applies the conceptual frameworks of Venkataraman (1997) and McKenzie, Ugbah, and Smothers (2007) to examine the products developed by academic entrepreneurs in the field of entrepreneurship. Venkataraman (1997) argues that entrepreneurship extends beyond the boundaries of the business field. Thus, expanding entrepreneurial studies to encompass other fields, like CALL, should not be seen as creating a territory of the 'field of entrepreneurship' that is separate from the 'sister fields in the business school'. ...
Despite numerous entrepreneurial products and services capitalizing on the opportunities afforded by CALL, there is a noticeable lack of entrepreneurial perspectives and analyses in CALL-related literature. This study explores four CALL academic entrepreneurs and the CALL products they developed. It aims to identify the distinctive products generated, the target customer base, and the entrepreneurial goals of the academic entrepreneurs. The study highlights that CALL products are highly contextual and are influenced by personal experiences, interests, and professional expertise. The study's findings were utilized to create a CALL entrepreneurial products model. These findings have the potential to inform future research in this area and offer valuable guidance to policymakers and stakeholders seeking to support and foster the development of CALL academic entrepreneurship in diverse settings.
... Firm founders are alert to opportunities (Kirzner, 1979) and engage in active search for them (Baron, 2006;Baron & Ensley, 2006). This recognition process is influenced by the founders' prior knowledge and prior experience (Shane, 2000;Venkataraman, 1997). The current literature typically investigates opportunity recognition at the time of firm founding (Gruber, 2010;Gruber et al., 2012Gruber et al., , 2013. ...
... It is not just having any prior technical experience that influences the recognition of digital opportunities. The nature of this prior technical experience plays a key role since entrepreneurs recognize opportunities related to information they already possess (Venkataraman, 1997). In his seminal work, Shane (2000) demonstrates this by comparing the opportunities discovered by various founders in response to the same new technology. ...
We analyze the continuing role of prior technical experience of top-management team (TMT) members for opportunity recognition beyond the initial market entry choice in young ventures. We are drawing on and extending the theory of opportunity recognition by studying continuing opportunity recognition and by distinguishing the roles of founders and joining TMT members. Specifically, we investigate the recognition of digital opportunities by young ventures initially focused on a non-digital offering for a sample of 6672 firms. First, our study shows that founders’ prior technical experience influences opportunity recognition beyond the time of founding. Second, whereas founders contribute to opportunity recognition with both general and specialized prior knowledge, joining TMT members have a narrower role because for them just specialized prior knowledge is relevant. We contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by providing a more nuanced understanding of the role of prior knowledge for opportunity recognition.
... Podría decirse, que además de reconocer una oportunidad comercial, el proyecto de investigación comienza una transición hacia la creación de un negocio. Es importante aclarar que el reconocimiento de estas oportunidades comerciales no siempre es posible, ya que son necesarias una serie de habilidades administrativas, como la planificación empresarial, los procesos de comercialización, la administración del personal, entre otros (Venkataraman, 1997). Esta situación ha llevado a los investigadores a determinar que estos proyectos presentan un amplio conocimiento técnico del Know-How, pero en muchas ocasiones carecen de habilidades inherentes a la constitución de una empresa comercial que genere ganancias. ...
This article discusses findings from a review of entrepreneurial leadership research, which was motivated by an identifiable lack of (i) systematic reviews of the literature and (ii) conceptual clarity in relation to the topic. Accordingly, the first part of the article presents a systematic review of the literature and discusses how the extant research pertains to entrepreneurship and leadership studies. Findings from the review are organized into 8 key themes, which overall highlights a problem of fragmentation and certain other tensions in the existing literature. Building on this, the second part of the article attempts to conceptually integrate the literature via the notion of ‘strategic interfaces’. The article thus argues in favour of understanding entrepreneurial leadership at the intersections of strategic actors whose roles and actions are consequential for organizations. Existing research on entrepreneurial leadership is discussed in terms of a framework for strategic interfaces, and future research opportunities are identified. Overall, this article contributes by comprehensively reviewing entrepreneurial leadership research that has been published in high-quality journals, outlining the conceptual contours of this body of work, and utilizing the notion of ‘strategic interfaces’ to conceptually integrate the literature and suggest ways forward for entrepreneurial leadership research.
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots show remarkable abilities across applications. Despite a growing literature, their capability in the field of entrepreneurship is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to empirically evaluate and compare capabilities of five major AI chatbots—GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Gemini 1.0, Llama 2, and Claude—in the context of entrepreneurship theory, using a benchmark entrepreneurship test. In particular, the performance of the chatbots on a set of multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, and essay questions related to entrepreneurship is assessed. The results indicate that GPT-4 delivers the strongest overall performance. Meanwhile, Llama 2 offers precise responses with a significantly lower word count compared to the GPT models. Although chatbots do not always provide correct or precise answers to questions or complex prompts, they still prove to be valuable analytical tools for entrepreneurs. While the study offers compelling insights into chatbots’ grasp of entrepreneurship concepts, the findings are somewhat limited by the scarce availability of data.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India were found to play a pivotal role in the socio-economic advancement bringing out both the economic and non-economic benefits to individuals, to the economy and more over to the society. Government’s initiatives in increasing the number of women entrepreneurs and creating favourable conditions for them to succeed is essential to improve the economic opportunities and thereby enjoy better standard of living. Purpose of the study was to identify how far the motivational factors have influenced women entrepreneurs to succeed in their business. A descriptive study was conducted among the women entrepreneurs of micro, small and medium enterprises in the highly literate state of India, that is Kerala, using sample survey. The study provides a futuristic view to make strategic decisions regarding women entrepreneurship, which lead to economic development.
Este relato apresenta a experiência de um projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, que propôs, desenvolveu e executou um plano de educação empreendedora com cerca de 30 artesãs indígenas Potiguara, residentes em aldeias no município de Baía da Traição, na Paraíba. Essas mulheres produzem artesanato de alto valor cultural, como biojóias e peças de decoração, preservando a biodiversidade e suas tradições ancestrais. Inicialmente, elas demonstraram desconfiança em relação à coordenadora, à equipe e às ações da Universidade, devido a pesquisas anteriores sem benefícios concretos. Gradualmente, entretanto, a aproximação emergiu a partir de visitas às feiras de artesanato e ao Território Indígena Potiguara, estabelecendo um diálogo mais aberto. A observação não participante revelou a dificuldade dessas mulheres em manter-se financeiramente apenas com o artesanato. Problemas relacionados à divulgação, à ausência de pontos fixos ou virtuais de venda, à falta de capacitação em gestão, à limitada escolaridade, à indisponibilidade de tempo para formações e à carência de lideranças femininas efetivas dificultam sua inserção sólida no mercado. Além disso, a distância, os custos de capacitação e o individualismo competitivo também influenciam o cenário. Ao final do projeto, as artesãs convidaram-nos a ministrar uma formação sobre vendas, consolidando uma relação de respeito e aprendizagem mútua. A proposta contemplou princípios associados aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas, especialmente o 1(erradicação da pobreza), o 5 (igualdade de gênero), o 8 (trabalho decente e crescimento econômico) e o 10 (redução das desigualdades).
To better understand the microfoundations of institutional entrepreneurship, we introduce entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as a mechanism to explain why some organizations engage in institutional entrepreneurship while others do not. Although it is clear that ESE is critical to understanding entrepreneurship, we lack an understanding of how ESE affects institutions. Drawing on novel survey data on Flemish work-integration social enterprises which are exposed to a significant policy reform, we find that organizations with CEOs who exhibit high ESE are more likely to engage in political tactics to actively shape their institutional environment, and that this effect is amplified for firms that have more resources, reputation and connections in the field. These findings provide a better understanding of the cognitive microfoundations of institutions, complement existing research on conditions enabling institutional entrepreneurship and provide guidance for practice.
Psychology can be distinguished from other behavioral sciences by its emphasis on the behavior of the individual person. Behavior, in turn, is influenced by the way in which the external world is represented in the mind, and by the individual's exercise of choice. The article examines the possibility that relatively enduring attributes of the person might affect entrepreneurial activity, describes the social cognitive processes Involved in constructing representations of the external environment, and suggests which motivational variables affect behavioral choices. Although past research on “the psychology of the entrepreneur” has not been productive, a psychological approach based on persons, process, and choice holds promise for the future.
This paper relates quality and uncertainty. The existence of goods of many grades poses interesting and important problems for the theory of markets. On the one hand, the interaction of quality differences and uncertainty may explain important institutions of the labor market. On the other hand, this paper presents a struggling attempt to give structure to the statement: “Business in under-developed countries is difficult”; in particular, a structure is given for determining the economic costs of dishonesty. Additional applications of the theory include comments on the structure of money markets, on the notion of “insurability,” on the liquidity of durables, and on brand-name goods.