Likeability v. Competence: The Impossible Choice Faced by Female Politicians, Attenuated by Lawyers

Abstract

The 2008 election highlighted a dilemma often faced by women in the professional world - a double bind between being perceived as competent or as likeable. Both qualities are imperative for success but the incongruity of normative female roles (warm, nurturing) with characteristics perceived necessary for professional success (independence, assertiveness) means that women are either seen as likeable, but incompetent, or as competent, but unlikeable. Wherever you fell along the political spectrum, it is clear that Hillary Clinton’s historic candidacy for the Presidency of the United States followed by Sarah Palin’s candidacy for Vice-President provided a unique lens for considering how gender is viewed in our culture. Of course, Clinton’s loss in the Democratic primary and Palin’s (and McCain’s) loss in the election was determined by multiple factors specific to their personalities and their campaigns. Yet, the election coverage demonstrated what workplace and social science research have shown for years: women face unique constraints when trying to be successful in traditionally masculine domains. Interestingly, lawyers do not seem plagued by this same double bind. After reviewing election coverage and social science research, this Article focuses on research about lawyers demonstrating that, in style and in effectiveness, there is no difference between how female and male lawyers are perceived. In a study of lawyers rating other lawyers in their most recent negotiation, female lawyers were described in terms that were similar to their male colleagues (ethical, confident, and personable) and both were equally likely to be judged as effective in general. In fact, women lawyers were rated more highly in assertiveness than their male counterparts, and yet did not seem to suffer negative consequences for violating feminine proscriptions. This Article examines why lawyers appear to escape the backlash effect and argues that unique features of legal work reduce the perceived incongruity between assertiveness and proscribed feminine behavior thereby attenuating the likelihood of backlash. Finally, the Article concludes by suggesting further advice for how lawyers can deal with the backlash effect in contexts where incongruity is still salient.

Full text

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL LEGAL STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER SERIES
RESEARCH PAPER NO. 10-42
LIKEABILITY V. COMPETENCE: THE IMPOSSIBLE CHOICE
FACED BY FEMALE POLITICIANS, ATTENUATED BY LAWYERS
DUKE JOURNAL OF GENDER LAW & POLICY, VOL. 17, NO. 2, 2010
Andrea Kupfer Schneider
Professor of Law, Marquette University Law School
Catherine H. Tinsley
Associate Professor, The McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University
Sandra I. Cheldelin
Vernon M. and Minni I. Lynch Professor, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University
Emily T. Amanatullah
Assistant Professor, McCombs School of Business, The University of Texas at Austin
(October 2010)
This paper can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper
Collection: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736.
Andrea K. Schneider
Professor of Law
Marquette University Law School
Sensenbrenner Hall
P.O. Box 1881
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736
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Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1691736
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