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'Who's in Charge?': Proposals to Clarify Gubernatorial Inability to Govern and Succession

July 2010

Authors:

As New York moves through a period of turmoil in the Governor’s office, it is appropriate to consider the New York Constitution’s requirements for Gubernatorial succession. Under Article IV, section 5 of the New York Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor assumes power upon the death or resignation of the Governor. However, the Lieutenant Governor also assumes power when the Governor is “absent from the state” and remains in power until the Governor’s return. Since 1982, there have been studies performed by the New York state Law Revision Commission to address concerns over the meaning of this phrase among many other issues, such as inability to govern, or filling the vacancy of the Office of Lieutenant Governor.This article provides proposals to remedy the possible confusion that could arise from gubernatorial succession and would promote stability in uncertain times.

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Article

La Créolité, vingt ans après

April 2012 · Caliban

Jean Bernabé

About twenty years after the publication of the essay In Praise of Creoleness, it was necessary to come back to the concept that constitutes its main theme, even if it meant revisiting, or even revising, in a self-critical perspective, some of its ideological and political implications. Beyond the semantic value of the word "creole" and analysis of the modes and processes of linguistic ... [Show full abstract] creolization, this article aims at containing the various potential risks, among which, for instance, that of communitarianism which may follow from an unduly essentialist sense of the term, the sharing of ancestors then appearing as both the optimal definition of Creoleness and the antidote to the communitarian reduction.

Article

The Braided Hair Death God

December 2002

Lus Lopes

Introduction Death was an omnipresent event in the Maya lowlands. This fact is dramatically reflected in the manifold death gods and supernaturals in maya myths. Several forms of death supernaturals appear, especially in Codex Style ceramics, and they represent distinct aspects of death and disease. Grube and Nahm [1] identify several such frightning creatures in their seminal census of Xibalba. ... [Show full abstract] In this short note I describe one particular form of god A that seems exclusively associated with the myth of the "baby jaguar". This god has some unique iconographic features that seem to be the main subject of his name phrase. II. Iconography The vases I will be focusing on in this note are all Codex Style and correspond to the Late Classic Period in style. These originate almost exclusively in the Nakbe-El Mirador basin. They depict what is commonly called the "sacrifice of the baby jaguar". The central event seems to center around some action performed on a half human, half jaguar baby c

Conference Paper

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Pitch accent, eyebrows and context - Effects on the exhaustivity of answers?

April 2012

We describe an interpretation study on the effect of accentua-tion, eyebrow movement and context on the exhaustive inter-pretation of answers. Our material consists of video record-ings of nine German speakers who read dialogues with embed-ded question-answer pairs in which the answer constituted the pragmatic focus of the utterance. For the dialogues we var-ied the context regarding ... [Show full abstract] (un)certainty and (non-)exhaustivity of the answer. The material was presented to 45 subjects, the focus interpretation was tested by presenting pictures showing the (non-)exhaustive reading. In the current analysis we con-centrate on a coordination of two noun phrases functioning as focus constituents. When using the pictures showing the non-exhaustive reading, our data show that the influence of the au-diovisual prosody is less evident than the contextual influence.

Chapter

Expansive Simple Arabic Sentence Parsing Using NooJ Platform: 12th International Conference, NooJ 20...

January 2019 · Communications in Computer and Information Science

All Arabic sentences, both verbal and nominal, share the same main structure, which consists of two required components: the predicate and the subject, and two optional components: the head and the complement. Simple sentences are based on most basic noun phrases (simple nouns), and can be expanded in the predicate, the subject, or the complement. The expansion leads to compound parts rather than ... [Show full abstract] simple ones. The aim of this work is to merge our two previous parsers [2, 3], and to extend the merged parser, at the noun phrase level, to be able to parse the expansive simple sentences. Hence, we have implemented a set of syntactic grammars modeling Arabic noun phrase structures. These grammars are enriched by the agreement constraints of the noun phrase components. Using our enhanced and extended grammar, we have parsed syntactically several sentences, we have recognized both nominal and verbal expansive sentences, and we have generated their possible syntactic trees regardless of the sentence’ components order. The results were satisfactory.

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Establishing meaningful connections: the use of Concept Maps as a learning tool

December 2015

The constant changes in health professions, and the need for future practitioners to remain competetent means that students should be taught using meaningful and integrated learning strategies. Among the different strategies that help students retain information, develop critical thinking and reason to solve several difficulties; concept maps have been addressed as one such relevant approach. ... [Show full abstract] They are described as an organised hierarchical representation of mental understandings, linking a set of relevant concepts using verbs or phrases that give sense to the map. In this short communication the authors intend to discuss the current use and benefits of concept maps within health professions education, along with what constitutes an effective concept map and how it should be introduced to students.

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TEXTGRAMMATIK UND SATZGRAMMATIK: GEMEINSAME UND UNTERSCHIEDLICHE AUFGABEN? Aus Anlaß von Harald Wein...

January 1997 · Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (PBB)

Werner Abraham

Suite a la grammaire textuelle de la langue allemande de Harald Weinrich, cet article developpe et illustre la these selon laquelle la grammaire textuelle, en ce qui concerne l'etendue des fonctions discursives theme et rheme constitutives du texte, peut etre reduite a la grammaire de phrase et plus particulierement a l'ensemble accent de phrase et syntaxe de phrase

Article

Graham Wilcock

September 2000

Graham Wilcock

As HPSG is head-driven, with clear semantic heads, semantic head-driven generation should be simple. We adapt van Noord's Prolog generator for use with an HPSG grammar in ProFIT. However, quantifiers and context factors are difficult to include in headdriven generation. We must adopt recent theoretical proposals for lexicalized scoping and context. With these revisions, head-driven generation ... [Show full abstract] with HPSG is not so simple, but it is possible. 1 Introduction A natural approach to generation with Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag, 1994) is to use a head-driven algorithm. HPSG is headdriven not only syntactically, but also semantically. While the Head Feature Principle requires identity of major syntactic features between a phrase and its syntactic head daughter, the Semantics Principle (in various formulations) requires identity of major semantic features between a phrase and its semantic head daughter. Since the semantic head is very clearly defined in HPSG, semantic ...

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Distinguishing between the aspectual categories '(a)telic', '(im)perfective' and '(non)bounded'

January 2007 · Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics

Renaat Declerck

The linguistic literature often makes use of the terms '(im)perfective', '(a)telic' and/or '(non)bounded' (as well as other terms like 'terminative', 'conclusive', etc.). However, there is a lot of confusion about the definitions as well as the applicability and relevance of these concepts. In this article we aim to resolve this confusion. We will argue that, at least in English, these ... [Show full abstract] distinctions are a matter of 'grammatical aspect', 'ontological (lexical) aspect' and 'actualization aspect', respectively. We will define these categories carefully and show the relevance of each of them by identifying the level of analysis on which they are operative. The three aspectual categories all somehow have to do with the presence or absence of reference to a terminal point of a situation type or of the actualization of a situation on some linguistic level. On the morphological level, there is grammatical aspect (signalled by the verb form), which involves the distinction between perfective and imperfective aspect. In English this distinction happens to coincide with the distinction between nonprogressive and progressive aspect, respectively, because progressive aspect is the only kind of imperfective aspect that can be expressed by a special verb form. On the level of the conceptualization of situation types there is the distinction between telic and atelic situation-templates (which are verbs, verb phrases or larger predicate constituents) and between telic and atelic situation types. On the level of reference to actualization of situations there is the distinction between bounded and nonbounded clauses and between bounded and nonbounded actualizations of situations. The article shows not only how the three aspectual categories should be kept apart but also how they interact to constitute the aspectual interpretation of a sentence.

Article

Conformity to Christ

February 2013 · Theology

Morna Hooker

Following Paul’s experience on the Damascus Road, his life was drastically changed. Although he continued to maintain his loyalty to Israel’s God and the Scriptures, he now believed himself to be commissioned to preach the gospel to the Gentiles. At the heart of his theology lay his relationship with Christ – summed up in the phrase ‘in Christ’ – a relationship shared by all Christians, who must ... [Show full abstract] be ‘shaped’ by the gospel – conformed to the pattern of self-giving, death and resurrection seen in Christ – not simply in baptism but in their daily lives. Paul’s hope for the future envisages its final fulfilment.

Chapter

Moving to the Hill: Senate Ratification

January 2006

Maynard W. Glitman

The Senate Majority Leader, Senator Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia, had made it clear that the senate would not simply “rubber stamp” any treaty. In subjecting the INF Treaty to detailed scrutiny, the senate was carrying out its constitutional duties in a responsible manner. The specific remedies that it requested and which necessitated an additional post-signature negotiating session with the ... [Show full abstract] Soviets are another question. In any event, it became apparent early on in the hearings process that some senators were going to “put their mark” on this document, as was their duty. However, once the Senate had openly raised doubts about the accuracy of the administration’s contention that U.S. and Soviet negotiators shared the same understanding of the meaning of specific words and phrases in the treaty, the senate’s concern became a self-fulfilling prophecy. The public raising of such doubts by the legislative branch made it imperative that the United States obtain Soviet reconfirmation, lest the meaning of the treaty be cast into question as a result of the expressed doubts and loopholes thereby opened.

Chapter

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Layers, levels and contexts in Functional Discourse Grammar

February 2008

Jan Rijkhoff

This contribution has three main goals. Firstly, so as to be able to accom-modate classifying modifiers, I will propose a revised model of the noun phrase, which consists of five concentric layers of modification rather than four, as it did in the previous model (section 2).2 It will also be claimed that discourse-referential modifiers, which are specified at the Interpersonal Level, only relate ... [Show full abstract] to the status of the referent in the world of discourse (Rijkhoff fc. a; Rijkhoff and Seibt 2005). That is to say, attitudinal modifi-ers of the kind proposed in Hengeveld (2004b) (see also Hengeveld this volume; Butler this volume) are not deemed to have their own slot in the layered model of the noun phrase defended here. Secondly, I will propose some modifications regarding the contextual component with special attention to noun phrases and argue that external reality (the “context of situation”) needs to be represented by a separate component and that each component of the FDG model constitutes a differ-ent kind of context (section 3). A single rule will be proposed to capture the influence of any contextual factor on the form, function or meaning of a linguistic expression. Section 4, finally, argues that in the current FDG model the Interperson-al Level in the grammatical component contains elements that actually belong to the external component (or “E-context”) and proposes alternative schemas for the NP and the clause without variables for Speaker and Ad-dressee. In this proposal the descriptive modifiers (i.e. classifying, qualify-ing, quantifying, and localizing modifiers) are specified at the Representa-tional Level (“language as carrier of content”). The Interpersonal Level is regarded as that part of the grammatical component that is concerned with “language as exchange” and accommodates three layers of modification, one for things or events, one for propositions, and one for clauses.

Article

Ahab and Saul (1 Kgs 22.1-38)

May 2019 · Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

Daewook Kim

There are similarities between the stories of Ahab in the Book of Kings and those of Saul in the Book of Samuel which appear when examining the repetition of phrases, similar motifs, and parallel plots. The linguistic links between 1 Kings 20, 21, and 22.1-38 indicate that the stories of Ahab are juxtaposed. These similarities and juxtaposition have an effect on the interpretation of 1 Kgs ... [Show full abstract] 22.1-38; it is suggested that Ahab’s death in 1 Kgs 22.1-38 represents YHWH’s judgment on Ahab’s two sins illustrated in 1 Kings 20 and 21, which constitutes a considerable parallel to Saul’s two sins. Furthermore, the parallelism between Ahab’s inquiry in 1 Kgs 22.1-38 and Saul’s necromancy in 1 Sam. 28.3-25 reveals that Ahab’s inquiry is condemned as syncretistic Yahwism, whereas the importance of YHWH’s words is highlighted.