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A Generic Measure of Relationship Satisfaction
Abstract
The variety of interpersonal relationships in contemporary society necessitates the development of brief, reliable measures of satisfaction that are applicable to many types of close relationships. This article describes the development of such a measure. In Study I, the 7-item Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) was administered to 125 subjects who reported themselves to be "in love." Analyses revealed a unifactorial scale structure, substantial factor loadings, and moderate intercorrelations among the items. The scale correlated significantly with measures of love, sexual attitudes, self-disclosure, commitment, and investment in a relationship. In Study II, the scale was administered to 57 couples in ongoing relationships. Analyses supported a single factor, alpha reliability of .86, and correlations with relevant relationship measures. The scale correlated .80 with a longer criterion measure, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), and both scales were effective (with a subsample) in discriminating couples who stayed together from couples who broke up. The RAS is a brief, psychometrically sound, generic measure of relationship satisfaction.
... RAS is a reliable, brief, and cost-effective measurement of relationship satisfaction (Hendrick, 1988). Relationship satisfaction is one of the main areas of relationship assessment. ...
... It is appropriate for use with any person in an intimate relationship, such as married people, cohabiting couples, engaged couples, or dating couples. The short form of the scale makes it more effective in clinical locations and for online administration (Hendrick, 1988). The RAS was found to have adequate reliability and validity (Hendrick, 1988). ...
... The short form of the scale makes it more effective in clinical locations and for online administration (Hendrick, 1988). The RAS was found to have adequate reliability and validity (Hendrick, 1988). The most recent Cronbach's alpha of RAS was 0.82 (Maroufizadeh et al., 2018). ...
The purpose of this study is to identify the predictive factors that encourage mother-infant bonding in pregnant women in the city of Jazan (Saudi Arabia). This is a descriptive cross-section study with 255 pregnant women who filled in the Mother-Infant Bonding Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Relationship Assessment Scale. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The main results showed that pregnant women are generally geared toward a high level of bonding with their infants (3.34±2.080). Regression analysis indicated that a significant portion of the variance in the level of mother-infant bonding among pregnant women was attributed to spousal support, planned pregnancy, and working status. The three variables accounted for 28.6% of the variance in raising mother-infant bonding. This study demonstrated the significance of spousal support and planned pregnancy in the lives of pregnant women. As a result, spousal support during a planned pregnancy may affect feelings and behaviors toward the fetus that are more affectionate, caring, and concerned. Therefore, attention to these factors should be considered in planning to improve mother-infant bonding.
... Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. All women willing to participate received the questionnaire package covering demographics, health issues and psychosocial factors in addition to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox et al., 1987) and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (Hendrick, 1988) by regular mail including a pre-paid envelope for easy return. Consent forms and questionnaires were available in ten different languages (Norwegian, English, Arabic, Lithuanian, Pashto, Polish, Somali, Tamil, Turkish and Urdu). ...
... The variables examined were age, gestational week (GW) at inclusion, marital status, nationality, level of education, family income, the experience of having enough sleep (yes/no), hours of sleep per night, complications during current pregnancy (yes/no), previous mental illness and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (Hendrick, 1988). RAS is a 7-item scale of relationship satisfaction. ...
... The scale uses a five-point Likert scale, and the total score ranges from 7 to 35. Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction (Hendrick, 1988). Vaughn and Baier (1999) report a Cronbach's alpha of α = 0.86. ...
Aim/objective:
To estimate the prevalence and assess the strength of associations between antenatal depressive symptoms and selected possible predictive factors among women attending antenatal care for the first time at the Child Health Centre.
Background:
Evidence suggests that antenatal depression is a health problem as prevalent as postpartum depression. Antenatal depressive symptoms may persist into the postpartum period and potentially disturb the attachment between mother and family.
Design:
Cross-sectional.
Methods:
A sample of 228 women who participated in the New Families research programme answering a questionnaire at Week 28 of pregnancy were included. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used as outcome measure. Prevalence was estimated, and backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations with somatic, psychiatric and social factors. STROBE checklist was followed.
Results:
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample was 17.9%. Women reporting not sleeping enough had significantly higher odds of having depressive symptoms. Pregnant women with high relationship satisfaction were less likely to have depressive symptoms. Neither maternal age, education, previous depression, coming from a non-Nordic country nor having complications during pregnancy were statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms.
Conclusions:
High prevalence of depressive symptoms may also be present in low-risk populations. Sleep and relationship satisfaction are topics that need to be addressed during pregnancy.
Relevance to clinical practice:
The prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample of low-risk pregnant women indicates that health personnel needs to be aware of depressive symptoms among women with no risk indicators. Identifying predictive factors associated with depressive symptoms may help midwives, public health nurses and general practitioners support parents. Our results indicate a potential need for screening for depressive symptoms in pregnancy and underscore the importance of involving partners in antenatal care.
Patient/public contribution:
Parents and health personnel participated in designing the New Family research programme.
... Berdasarkan penjelasan dari (Tim, 2008) Kepuasan berarti perihal (yang bersifat) puas, kesenangan, kelegaan dan sebagainya, dikejarnya untuk dirinya meskipun dengan segala pengorbanan, keinginan itu hanya ditujukan kepada kebutuhan jasmani. Hendrick (1988), menyatakan bahwa kepuasan hubungan adalah penilaian subjektif dari masing-masing pasangan dalam hubungan yang sedang dijalani saat ini. Kepuasan dalam suatu hubungan dialami ketika sebuah tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari hubungan tersebut tercapai. ...
... Menurut Stinnet et al (1984), kepuasan hubungan romantis adalah dukungan emosional yang diberikan secara utuh yang dirasakan seseorang sehingga pasangan merasa yang diharapkan dari hubungan tersebut dapat terpenuhi dengan baik. Hendrick (1988) menyatakan bahwa terdapat tiga komponen kepuasan hubungan romantis, yaitu cinta dimana seseorang yang menjalin hubungan romantis akan muncul rasa cinta, pasangan yang saling mencintai akan memperhatikan dan berusaha memenuhi kebutuhan pasangannya. Kedua ialah masalah, masalah merupakan hal yang alamiah untuk terjadi dan tidak dapat dihindari, terutama dalam suatu hubungan romantis dimana pasangan saling ketergantungan satu sama lain. ...
... kepuasan hubungan romantis dimodifikasi dari penelitian Ursila (2012) dan disusun berdasarkan aspek kepuasan hubungan romantis menurut Hendrick (1988) yaitu cinta (love), masalah-masalah (problems) dan harapan-harapan (expectations). Adapun jumlah aitem skala kepuasan hubungan romantis terdiri dari 7 aitem. ...
Wanita dewasa awal yang sedang menjalin hubungan pacaran jarak jauh akan merasakan kepuasan hubungan romantis saat bersama dengan pasangan secara langsung, namun tidak jarang ada halangan yang membuat untuk menjauh dan menjalin hubungan pacaran jarak jauh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kepuasan hubungan romantis pada wanita dewasa awal yang menjalin hubungan pacaran jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 78 responden yang sedang menjalin hubungan pacaran jarak jauh. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji dekriptif. Hasil uji dekriptif diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel kepuasan hubungan romantis memiliki kategori tinggi dan aspek cinta memiliki kategori sangat tinggi. Hasil analisis diketahui bahwa subyek dalam penelitian ini memiliki kombinasi kognisi, emosi dan perilaku yang dapat menunjukan rasa cinta kepada pasangan walaupun terkendala jarak dan ruang.
... en "Manía" y .84 para la escala "Ágape" (Hendrick y Hendrick, 1986 La escala de satisfacción (RAS), evalúa la satisfacción con la relación de pareja (Hendrick, 1988;Hendrick, Dicke y Hendrick, 1998). Está formada por 7 ítems con una escala de respuesta nominal donde A implica desacuerdo con la afirmación señalada por el ítem y E conformidad. ...
... La satisfacción es un índice de calidad de la relación. En nuestro estudio se ha valorado a través de la escala R.A.S. (Hendrick, 1988(Hendrick, , 1990) y de la subescala del D.A.S. (Spanier, 1976). Si bien ambas medidas muestran una elevada convergencia r=.80 (Marsha y Matyaski Baier, 1999), existen algunas diferencias entre ellas: ...
... Los ítems se refieren a una relación amorosa específica, responda a las preguntas teniendo presente a su pareja. Escala de satisfacción (Hendrick, 1988) ESCALA DE SATISFACCIÓN (Hendrick, S., 1988) Por favor, para cada una de las siguientes afirmaciones, rodea la letra que mejor describe tu relación en función del continuo que aparece debajo. (Spanier, G., 1976) La mayoría de las personas muestran algún tipo de desacuerdos en sus relaciones. ...
The research focuses on the adult couple relationship from the theoretical framework of attachment theory. Our objective has been, firstly, to study the influence of attachment style, loving attitudes and interaction dynamics, on the quality and
satisfaction of the couple relationship. Secondly, we wanted to deepen the
effect that the characteristic mental model of each attachment style has on the type of
cognitive, emotional and behavioral response that a person displays in their
intimate interactions, and consequently, in their quality. Thus, we combine the world of the clinic (specifically, cognitive-behavioral therapy) with the attachment theory, in an integrating model that enriches both theories and we consider that represents an advance in the practical application of affective bonds.
... Bu anlamda çiftin ilişkisi, yaşadıkları zorlayıcı duygular nedeniyle duygusal veya fiziksel yakınlıktan kaçınmayı içerebilir. (Hendrick, 1988) ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında bulguların değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan model uyum indeksleri, χ 2 /df < 5 (Schumacker ve Lomax, 2004); .95 ...
... The scale (Hendrick, 1988) assesses MS with seven items (7-point Likerttype). There are also seven to forty-nine possible scores. ...
The purpose was to examine the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the association between focus on child and marital satisfaction. One hundred fifty-nine married dyads completed Focus on Child Subscale of Family Genogram Interview, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Relationship Assessment Scale, and Demographic Information Form. Findings of the Common Fate Mediation Model indicated that focus on child and experiential avoidance explained 55% of the variance in marital satisfaction. Experiential avoidance has fully mediated the association between focus on the child and marital satisfaction- we delineated the results in the light of literature.
... The RAS is a seven-item self-report scale that measures general relationship satisfaction (Hendrick, 1988). Respondents rate each item along a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Low satisfaction to 5 = High satisfaction) with greater total scores representing greater relationship satisfaction (range 7 to 35). ...
... Items include 'How well does your partner meet your needs?' and 'In general, how satisfied are you with your relationship?'. The scale has demonstrated sound psychometric properties (Hendrick, 1988 ...
PTSD is a significant issue for a substantial proportion of Australian ex-service personnel. In addition to the functional impact on individuals, PTSD can have a significant impact on intimate partner relationships. Research has demonstrated that practicing compassion and self-compassion may be an important component of psychological therapy for survivors of trauma, while also demonstrating benefits to intimate relationships. This pilot study aimed to investigate the utility of a Compassionate Mind Training intervention for ex-service personnel with PTSD and their partners. An uncontrolled, within-subjects, longitudinal design was utilised with assessment at pre-intervention, post-intervention and three-month follow-up. Twenty-four participants attended 12 bi-weekly group sessions. Self-report measures of compassion, quality of life, and psychological symptoms were administered at each time point. Findings demonstrated a significant reduction in fears of compassion and PTSD symptoms for ex-service personnel at three-month follow-up, and a reduction in depressive symptoms and increase in quality-of-life and social safeness post-intervention. Additionally, significant reductions in anxiety, stress, external shame and self-criticism at three-month follow-up were found, and couples reported significant increases in relationship satisfaction. Findings from this pilot study demonstrate promising outcomes, warranting further investigation in a larger randomised controlled trial of Compassionate Mind Training for ex-service personnel and their partners.
... Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984;Spanier, 1976 (Hendrick, 1988) Employee: ...
... Scores coded for this construct represents one's evaluation of the overall quality of the intimate relationship. Examples of the coded measurements include the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984;Spanier, 1976), Relationship Satisfaction Scale (Wilcove, 2005), Marital Satisfaction Inventory (Whisman et al., 2009), Couple Satisfaction Scale (Funk & Rogge, 2007, and Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988). ...
Workers who are exposed to severe situations such as death, harassment, and others' suffering at work are vulnerable to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and severe distress. This distress may extend to their intimate partners, despite their lack of firsthand experience with the traumatic stressors. Although theory and empirical research suggest that employees' traumatic distress can transmit to their partners, the magnitude of these effects and when, how, and why intimate partners develop secondary traumatic symptoms and distress are not as clear. Drawing from crossover theory as an organizing framework (Westman, 2001), our meta-analysis of 276 articles indicates that the relationship between employee PTSD/distress and spouse PTSD/distress is as strong as the relationship between employee trauma exposure and employee PTSD/distress (ρ = .26), suggesting that workers' PTSD/distress is as distressing for partners as the traumatic stressors are for workers encountering them firsthand. Our moderation tests further revealed that the trauma-exposed workers' vulnerability to traumatic stress symptoms was stronger in military than in nonmilitary settings, whereas the extent to which their symptoms crossover to their intimate partners did not vary across occupations. Mediation tests suggest that traumatic stress crossover is partially explained by the worsened quality of the couple's relationship (e.g., increased social support burden and undermining), consistent with the crossover via couple interaction explanation in crossover theory. On the other hand, there was mixed support for the mediating role of the partner's empathy, indicating further research and clarification are needed. Implications for crossover theory and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
... Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendricks, 1988) was used to access the commitment between youth. The Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988) is a relationship-based scale that gives us a brief measure of global relationship satisfaction. It consists of seven items, designed to measure general relationship satisfaction. ...
The purpose of the current research was to explore the relationship between emotional investment, commitment, and quality of life in pre-marital relationships in youth. The cross-sectional survey design was used. In total, 150 men and women participated in the research. Investment Model Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, Quality-of-Life Scale, and Pre-marital Sexual Permissive Scale were used to assess the study variables. Findings revealed that men demand women to engage more in sexual relationships as a marital requisite which is why most male partners convince their female partner to have sex as a commitment to marriage. Furthermore, emotionally satisfying relationships promote positivity and vice versa impacting academic achievement whilst promoting anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem among both men and women. Also, women have more negative mental health in their pre-marital relationships as compared to men. Researchers also found that care, happiness, and empathy in the relationship have positive effects on mental health of young adults. This research will enable young adults and marital counselors alike in dealing with the complexities of premarital relationships.
... First was about the general information; second included their family life experiences post-partum; third section consisted of an adapted relationship assessment tool ( Figure 1). The tool consisted of 10 questions and was formulated by merging questions from three different scales including (1) Women's Experiencing Battering (WEB) [25], (2) Hit-Insert-Threaten-Scream (HITS) [26], and (3) Relationship Assessment Tool (RAT) [27][28][29]. The fourth section evaluated depression by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) [30]. ...
Postpartum depression is a psychological condition that deteriorates a mother’s cognitive health and overall family functioning. This survey-based cross-sectional study was done on postpartum mothers between 15-40 years of age to determine the epidemiology of postpartum depression in Pakistan. Edinburg postnatal depression scale (EPDS) and an adapted relationship assessment tool were used to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression. A total of n=103 responses were collected from different regions of Pakistan. Univariate and Bivariate analyses, Pearson Correlation Tests, and Binary Logistic Regression Analyses were applied to investigate the predictors. Postpartum depression was found in 67.96 % of the participating women and EPDS was found to be the most reliable tool to evaluate postpartum depression.
... Others focus primarily on the unexpected negative emotions experienced after sex or post-coital dysphoria by both women (Schweitzer et al., 2015) and men (Maczkowiack and Schweitzer, 2019). Other instruments are used to measure a broader experience outside of the period immediately following orgasm, for example, the Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988) or the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (Meston and Trapnell, 2005). ...
Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Male Postcoital Affect Scale (MPAS), which was developed to assess positive postcoital feelings in men.
Methods:
After a pilot study, we validated our scale on a sample of American heterosexual men, who answered our questionnaire on the internet through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We tested the reliability using internal consistency. The validity was examined by assessing content, face and construct validity by testing the association between our scale, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale and other instruments.
Results:
A total of 484 volunteers were included in the study. Cronbach's α for the scale was 0.83. Our scale was negatively correlated with Attachment Avoidance, r(482) = -.36, p < .001) and Perceived Stress Scale, r(482) = -.18, p<0.001, and positively correlated with sexual satisfaction, r(482) = .18, p <0.001.
Conclusion:
The Male Postcoital Affect Scale is a reliable and valid tool to assess positive postcoital feelings in men.
... Five items from the Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988) were included in the survey. The original scale was designed to measure the quality of romantic relationships. ...
Phone use during face-to-face interactions has become increasingly common in adolescents’ social lives, but the mechanisms through which the behavior is associated with adolescents’ socioemotional wellbeing remain understudied. Drawing on the frameworks of digital social multitasking (DSMT) and digital stress, this study examined whether and how three types of digital stress (availability stress, connection overload, and fear of missing out) mediated the association between phone use in friendships and socioemotional wellbeing (depressive symptoms and friendship quality) among adolescents. A sample of 517 adolescents (Mage = 14.83, SD = 1.93) completed an online survey. Results showed that phone use during face-to-face interactions with a friend (i.e., DSMT) had an indirect relationship with greater depressive symptoms through all three types of digital stress. It also had an indirect relationship with better friendship quality via fear of missing out. The paths involving connection overload was moderated by the seriousness of the face-to-face interactions—in more serious interactions, DSMT had an indirect relationship with depressive symptoms, but not friendship quality; in less serious interactions, DSMT had an indirect relationship with friendship quality, but not depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... The Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988) was used to evaluate global relationship satisfaction. The RAS contains 7 items rated on a 5-point rating scale ranging from 1 = low to 5 = high. ...
Past research has revealed positive effects of stress communication by oneself and by the partner on relationship satisfaction. However, the mechanisms through which stress communication by oneself and by the partner influence relationship satisfaction have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of one's own and the partner's stress communication on relationship satisfaction and the mediating roles of one's own and the partner's communication satisfaction in these associations. A total of 227 unmarried heterosexual couples were recruited. An actor-partner interdependence mediation model was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. The results showed that the actor effects of stress communication on relationship satisfaction were mediated by the actor effects of communication satisfaction. Moreover, the indirect effect of male stress communication on female relationship satisfaction through female communication satisfaction was found to be significant. These findings provide insights into the mechanism through which stress communication influences relationship satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... These distortions that occur during the contact process negatively effect the relationships that are extremely important for human beings, who are social creatures. It is stated that individuals experience low relationship satisfaction if their subjective evaluations of the relationships they live are negative, and high relationship satisfaction if they are positive (Hendrick, 1988). In this case, it is thought that individuals using contact disturbances will experience negative relationship experiences and this will negatively effect relationship satisfaction. ...
The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between internet addiction, relationship satisfaction, and Gestalt contact styles among university students. A sample from a university in Turkey was recruited, which included 373 university students (271 females, 72.7%), aged 15-55. We administered and assessed the Gestalt Contact Disturbances Scale, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, and the Relationship Assessment Scale. The relations were explored using Pearson’s correlation and path analysis. Results indicated that contact, dependent contact, final contact, and full contact has significantly effect relationship satisfaction. Also, contact, full contact, relationship satisfaction has significantly effect internet addiction. Dependent contact and final contact has no significant effect on internet addiction. The results provided a perspective on expanding the literature of Gestalt therapy and internet addiction. We have provided some suggestions for Gestalt therapists and counselors.
... At each time point, relationship satisfaction was assessed with five items from the Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988), which were slightly modified to include the time frame of "this past week" (e.g., "this past week, how much did you love your partner"). The five items retained were those assumed a priori to be most likely to fluctuate over time. ...
Research indicates that preoccupation with secrets takes a toll on mental health. There is also some evidence to suggest that keeping secrets from one's romantic partner may harm the relationship as it implies a lack of trust that one's partner will be supportive. Two 4‐wave longitudinal surveys of 609 adults (34.3% men, 65.4% women; Mage = 36.4) keeping a secret from their romantic partner was used to assess the lagged effect of preoccupation with the secret on subsequent relationship satisfaction, trust, and emotional intimacy as well as the reverse. Cross‐lagged panel modeling with random intercepts indicated that whereas individuals in poorer relationships were more preoccupied with their secrets, there was no evidence for cross‐lagged effects. The findings suggest that secrecy may be a symptom—not a cause—of a dissatisfying, distrustful and distant relationship.
... Es ist jedoch schwierig zu beurteilen, welche Merkmale mit welchem Gewicht in die Formel für Beziehungsqualität eingehen sollen. Dies war auch der Grund dafür, dass sich ein anderer Ansatz, der Relationship-Satisfaction-Ansatz (Hendrick 1988) durchgesetzt hat. Nach diesem müsste die pairfam-Stichprobe etwas unattraktiver sein. ...
Der Band befasst sich mit der ganzen Bandbreite an fachlich diversen Themen und gibt einen Überblick über den empirischen Forschungsstand aus der Perspektive der verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen. Das Bestreben hierbei ist es, zum einen eine möglichst breite (wissenschaftliche) Öffentlichkeit zu erreichen und das Bewusstsein für ein Thema zu erhöhen, welches im Alltag große Wirkungsmacht entfalten kann. Dabei handelt es sich bei physischer Attraktivität um einen häufig unterschätzen Faktor des Sozialen. Das Buch schließt die wissenschaftliche Lücke bezüglich der systematischen Aufarbeitung der quantitativ empirischen Forschung zur Wirkung physischer Attraktivität, damit es einen – für die wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit zugänglichen – „Grundkanon“ der bestehenden Forschung gibt, der Andere zur Replikation und zum kritischen Diskurs anhalten soll.
The book covers a wide range of topics and provides an overview of the empirical state of research from the perspective of different disciplines. The aim is to reach a broad (scientific) audience on the one hand, and on the other to raise awareness of a topic that can have a significant impact on everyday life. Physical attractiveness is an often underestimated social factor. The book closes the scientific gap of a systematic treatment of quantitative empirical research on the effects of physical attractiveness, so that a "basic canon" of existing research is available - accessible to the scientific public - which should stimulate others to replicate and to engage in critical discourse.
... Secondary outcomes after 4-6 weeks post-intervention included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [32,33], General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) [34,35], Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) [36,37], Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) [38,39], Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) [40][41][42], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [43,44], and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS) [45][46][47]. ...
Background:
Women with perinatal depression and their children are at increased risk of poor health outcomes. There is a need to implement non-stigmatizing interventions into existing health systems which reduce psychosocial distress during pregnancy and prevent perinatal depression. We adapted the WHO-endorsed Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) to be delivered universally to all women attending routine online pregnancy schools in Istanbul, Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention.
Methods:
This mixed-methods study incorporated a two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial and qualitative evaluation of the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted THP - Brief Group version (THP-BGV) to a range of stakeholders. We recruited pregnant women at 12-30 weeks' gestation through pregnancy schools within the University Hospital's catchment area. Women in the intervention arm received five online sessions of the THP-BGV delivered by antenatal nurses. The intervention employed principles of cognitive behaviour therapy to provide psychoeducation, behaviour activation, problem-solving strategies and group support to participants. In the control arm, women received usual care consisting of routine online educational pregnancy classes aided by the antenatal nurses. The women were assessed for depressive symptoms with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at baseline and 4-6 weeks post-intervention and also evaluated for anxiety, perceived social support, partner relationship, level of disability and sleep quality. In-depth interviews were conducted with women and other key stakeholders.
Results:
Of the 99 consecutive women referred to the pregnancy schools, 91 (91.9%) were eligible and 88 (88.8%) consented to participate in the study and were randomized. Eighty-two (83%) completed the final assessments. Our main findings were that this preventive group intervention was feasible to be integrated into routine antenatal educational classes and it was valued by the women and delivery-agents. While the study was not powered to detect differences between intervention and control conditions, we found small trends towards reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms favoring the intervention arm. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusions:
Given the paucity of preventive interventions for perinatal depression in low and middle-income countries, a fully powered definitive randomized controlled trial of this feasible and acceptable intervention should be conducted.
Trial registration:
The study was registered at Clinical Trails.gov ( NCT04819711 ) (Registration Date: 29/03/2021).
... Es ist jedoch schwierig zu beurteilen, welche Merkmale mit welchem Gewicht in die Formel für Beziehungsqualität eingehen sollen. Dies war auch der Grund dafür, dass sich ein anderer Ansatz, der Relationship-Satisfaction-Ansatz (Hendrick 1988) durchgesetzt hat. Nach diesem müsste die pairfam-Stichprobe etwas unattraktiver sein. ...
Die Wettbewerbsvorteile attraktiver Menschen in den unterschiedlichsten Lebensbereichen sind über fünf grundlegende Mechanismen vermittelt: Den Attractiveness Consensus, den Attractiveness Attention Boost, den Attractiveness Stereotype, den Attractiveness Glamour Effect und den Attractiveness Treatment Advantage. Diese Mechanismen werden im Beitrag vorgestellt und diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden außerdem Handlungssituationen und -kontexte besprochen, in denen sich die positiven Wirkungen physischer Attraktivität nicht voll entfalten können und sich teilweise sogar in ihr Gegenteil verkehren. Es handelt sich dabei um den Attractiveness Frog Pond Effect, die Beauty Penalty, das Ugliness Premium und den Beauty is Beastly Effect. Der Beitrag schließt mit einigen grundsätzlichen normativen und politischen Betrachtungen zum Attractiveness Competition Advantage
... The scale is composed of seven items and it is a 7-point Likert-type scale. Hendrick (1988) conducted a factor analysis and found out that RSS had a one-factor construct, which accounted for 46% of the total variance, and it was clear that itemtotal correlation varied between .57 and .76. ...
The present study includes a revision of the Romantic Relationship Assessment Scale (RRAS; Kılınçer and Tuzgöl Dost, 2013). Personal Information Form, RRAS, and Relationship Satisfaction Scale (RSS) were used as data collection tools. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed on the RRAS. As a result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a structure consisting of 28 items and five sub-dimensions was obtained. When the first and second-level CFA results are evaluated together, it was seen that five sub-dimensions consisting of 28 items were supported. In order to provide evidence for the validity of the scale, its relationship with the RSS was examined. The results revealed a negative and statistically significant correlation between the revised form of RRAS and RSS. In addition, the reliability of the scale was examined in terms of internal consistency, and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient values of the dimensions were found to vary between .78 and .92.
... The Relationship Assessment Scale. The Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) 5,6 in the Polish translation by Monfort et al. 29 was completed by participants in the reference sample and validation sample 1. The RAS consists of 7 items assessing global relationship satisfaction (e.g., "How much do you love your partner?"). ...
The current article reports data from three Polish samples to examine the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) with respect to its unidimensionality, invariance across countries, gender, formal and informal relationships, degree of precision (or information) across latent levels of relationship satisfaction, and the functioning of individual items. The analyses of the data from the reference sample ( n = 733) confirmed a clear 1-factor structure of the RAS-PL and good internal consistency. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance for countries (Poland, Hungary, USA), gender (women and men) and relationship types (formal and informal relationships) were achieved. Item Response Theory Analysis (IRT) suggested that the RAS-PL assesses relationship satisfaction most reliably at low to average levels. Analyses of the data from validation samples ( n = 203 and n = 209) confirmed the convergent and divergent validity by weak, medium, and large correlations of the RAS-PL with measures of other theoretically related constructs. Concurrent criterion validity was demonstrated by a strong positive correlation between the RAS-PL and the intent to continue the current relationship. This investigation provides considerable psychometric information about the items and scale of the RAS-PL.
... Relationship Satisfaction Scale. The Relationship Satisfaction Scale was developed by Hendrick (1988). The scale is a 7-point Likert-type scale consisting of 7 items in total. ...
The aim of the study was to examine whether the romantic relationship satisfaction of emerging adults is predicted by their self-control levels and interpersonal relationship styles. The study group consisted of 293 individuals between the ages of 18-30 years. The Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Scale was used to measure relationship satisfaction, the Self-Control Scale was used to measure self-control behaviors patterns, and the Interpersonal Style Scale was used to measure negative communication styles. Findings revealed that romantic relationship satisfaction is predicted by self-control and interpersonal style. Positive and significant relationships were found between the reformative and experiential sub-dimensions of the Self-Control Scale and relationship satisfaction. A negative significant relationship was found between the avoidant style sub-dimension of the Interpersonal Style Scale and relationship satisfaction. The findings are discussed in the context of the current literature and various suggestions are presented.
... The second identified type of subjective assessments focuses on evaluating the perception of human-robot relationships. When addressing dyadic interactions, authors used validated metrics for assessing relationship satisfaction [47], friendship [15,41,89], interpersonal closeness [6,103], interpersonal attraction [87] and positive and negative affect [31]. The relationship between a human and a robot does not nec-essarily have to mimic or match human-robot relationships. ...
During the past two decades, robots have been increasingly deployed in games. Researchers use games to better understand human-robot interaction and, in turn, the inclusion of social robots during gameplay creates new opportunities for novel game experiences. The contributions from social robotics and games communities cover a large spectrum of research questions using a wide variety of scenarios. In this article, we present the first comprehensive survey of the deployment of robots in games. We organise our findings according to four dimensions: (1) the societal impact of robots in games, (2) games as a research platform, (3) social interactions in games, and (4) game scenarios and materials. We discuss some significant research achievements and potential research avenues for the gaming and social robotics communities. This article describes the state of the art of the research on robots in games in the hope that it will assist researchers to contextualise their work in the field, to adhere to best practices and to identify future areas of research and multidisciplinary collaboration.
... Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988; adapted to Hungarian by Martos et al., 2014). The Hungarian version of the RAS (RAS-H) is an eight-item Likert-type scale that provides a measure of overall relationship satisfaction. ...
The present study explored sex differences in the predictors of relationship satisfaction (dyadic coping, love, sexual motivation, having children). A total of 465 Hungarian participants (319 women and 146 men) with a mean age of 33.6 years completed an online test battery comprising four self-report measures. The results revealed that women’s relationship satisfaction had more significant predictors than men’s, and half of the common predictors showed significant sex differences. Men’s satisfaction was positively predicted by the Intimacy and Passion components of love, while it was negatively predicted by Negative Dyadic Coping and by having at least one child. Besides Intimacy and Passion, two common predictors across sexes, women’s satisfaction was also positively predicted by the Commitment component of love, and also by successful coping with dyadic stress. By contrast, negative predictors were having sex as a means of coping with emotional problems (Sex as Coping), the individual aspect of dyadic coping (One’s Own Dyadic Coping), and Negative Dyadic coping. The findings are discussed in both bio-psychological and social constructionist approaches.
... Furthermore, the SHIP model incorporates (when possible) empirically validated measures to operationalize core therapeutic components of the model that enable researchers to test its utility. For example, measures that address these components include the sexual self-esteem subscale of the Sexuality Scale (Snell & Papini, 1989), the Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988), and the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (Miner et al., 2007). These empirically validated measures were chosen due to their brevity and ease of use in clinical assessments and practice. ...
This manuscript presents a conceptual model-the Sexual Health and Integrative Pleasure (SHIP) Model-for the clinical assessment and intervention of sexual health concerns. The model was developed by a group of couple/marital family therapy and psychologists who specialize in the treatment of sexual problems. The model consists of five philosophical foundations (systems framework, intersectionality, biopsychosocial model, lifespan approach, and empiricism) and five core therapeutic components (sexual literacy, sexual adaptation and resilience, relational intimacy, pleasure-oriented positive sexuality, and multidisciplinary care). We define each foundation and component, and compare and contrast the SHIP model with other existing sexual health models. Finally, we demonstrate how the SHIP model was used to provide individual and couple therapy with a cis/heterosexual couple in a university-based sexual health clinic and make recommendations for additional clinical applications of the model.
... Satisfaction with friends. The Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988) is a 7-item measure originally designed to evaluate romantic relationship satisfaction. This scale is unidimensional and can be modified to evaluate satisfaction in nonromantic relationships. ...
The main goal of this study was to investigate direct and indirect effects of attachment to parents on the formation of friendships, satisfaction with friends, and loneliness over the transition to college. Social anxiety and gender were tested as a possible mediator and moderator respectively. A total of 210 college freshmen at a large university in Spain participated in at a baseline assessment and a six-month follow-up assessment. Results demonstrated indirect effects of attachment to parents on ease forming friendships, satisfaction with friends, and loneliness through social anxiety, and a direct effect of attachment to loneliness. Gender did not play a moderating role. Taken together, these results suggest that programs to support the development of healthy social relationships across the college transition may be particularly beneficial for youth with challenges in familial relationships, and that screening for social anxiety may identify those students who would particularly benefit from support.
... Relationship Satisfaction. Relationship satisfaction was assessed using the Relationship Assessment Scale (Hendrick, 1988), which assessed participants' overall happiness with their current relationship at each wave of data collection. Relationship satisfaction was assessed with seven items, such as "In general, how satisfied are you with your relationship?" ...
Extant research has demonstrated that higher mean (average) levels of social support often produce robust relational benefits. However, partners may not maintain the same level of support across time, resulting in potential fluctuations (i.e., within-person variations across time) in support. Despite the theorizing and initial research on fluctuations in relationship-relevant thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, little is known about (a) who is most likely to fluctuate in support and (b) the degree to which fluctuations, in combination with and beyond mean levels, impact relationships across time. The current preregistered research examined two dyadic longitudinal samples of first-time parents undergoing the transition to parenthood, a chronically stressful time that often entails the provision and receipt of support involving one's partner. Across both studies, we found that individuals who reported greater mental health problems, more situational stress, and more destructive dispositional attributes tended to report lower mean levels and higher fluctuations in provided and received support at subsequent assessments. Moreover, we found that greater fluctuations in perceptions and observations of support predicted decreases in relationship satisfaction over time, above and beyond the effect of mean levels. Implications for theory and studying nonlinear effects in relationships are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Romantic partners routinely regulate each other’s emotions; this phenomenon is known as extrinsic emotion regulation. Previous research investigating emotion regulation in couples has typically examined self-report of emotion regulation from only one member of the couple. It is therefore unclear how much romantic partners agree on which emotion regulation strategies their partner uses and whether this agreement or the unique perspective of each person is the stronger predictor of relationship quality. In the current study (N=395 romantic couples), we applied a bifactor model to assess the extent to which extrinsic emotion regulation processes (expressive suppression, downward social comparison, humor, distraction, direct action, reappraisal, receptive listening, and valuing) related to relationship quality, comparing: a) the unique perspective of the regulator, b) the unique perspective of the target, and c) the shared perspective (consensus) between the target and regulator. The results indicated that it is the target’s, rather than the regulator’s perspective of emotion regulation that predicts the relationship quality of both members of the romantic couple. Overall, these findings suggest that it is not what the regulator thinks they do to regulate their romantic partner’s emotions that relates to relationship quality, but rather the target’s perceptions of the regulation attempt.
Bu çalışmanın amacı evli bireylerin evlilik doyum düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik Evlilik Doyumu Ölçeği’nin (EDÖ) geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin test edilmesidir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini incelemek amacıyla ilk olarak 357 (%82.9 kadın, %17.1 erkek) evli bireyle Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), ardından 163 (85 kadın, 78 erkek) evli bireyle Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliği Yaşam Doyum Ölçeği (YDÖ) ile incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliği iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve 47 katılımcı ile iki hafta ara ile yapılan test-tekrar test güvenirliği ile hesaplanmıştır. AFA sonucunda tek boyutlu toplam 12 maddeden (1=Hiç Katılmıyorum, 7=Tamamen Katılıyorum) oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin YDÖ ile anlamlı, pozitif yönlü ve güçlü bir korelasyonunun (r=.70) olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa katsayısı .99, test-tekrar test güvenirliği ise .92 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, EDÖ’nün evli bireylerin evlilik doyum düzeylerini belirlemede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.
Background:
The current study is based on the established association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and self-compassion, and CSA and sexual functioning, with an overall goal to better understand how self-compassion explains the association between CSA and sexual functioning.
Aim:
The current study examined the role of self-compassion as a potential mediator, and relationship satisfaction as a potential moderator, in the association between CSA and sexual functioning among a nonclinical sample of men and women.
Methods:
Participants completed an online survey assessing CSA, self-compassion, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction. The sample consisted of 914 individuals, of whom 582 reported currently being in a romantic relationship and were included in the current analysis. The majority of the sample was female (n = 534, 91.8%), with a mean age of 31.85 years (SD, 9.76).
Outcomes:
Self-compassion mediated the link between CSA and sexual dysfunction, and relationship satisfaction moderated this same link.
Results:
Results indicate that self-compassion mediated the association between CSA and sexual functioning. In addition, there was a significant 2-way interaction between CSA and intimate relationship satisfaction predicting sexual functioning. Specifically, CSA was negatively associated with sexual functioning only when there were low levels of relationship satisfaction, whereas in the presence of average and high intimate relationship satisfaction, the association between CSA and sexual functioning was nonsignificant.
Clinical implications:
Findings from the current study suggest that clinicians working with CSA survivors should take into account survivors' self-compassion and relational functioning when engaging in therapeutic work around their sexual dysfunction.
Strengths and limitations:
The study included a nonclinical sample of individuals and used self-report measures, which are highly subjective and increase the possibility of social desirability biases. Additional research should be conducted among clinical samples and among couples to explore this model from a dyadic perspective.
Conclusion:
Our results highlight the importance of self-compassion and relationship satisfaction when considering sexual dysfunction following CSA.
Gastronomik kimlik bir bölgenin kimliğini tanımlayan bir araç olarak çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu
kimlik bir dizi faktör tarafından belirlenmektedir. Çevresel unsurlar, kültür, mevcut tarım ürünlerinin
varlığı, iklim, moda ve trendler gibi faktörlerin etkileşimiyle oluşmaktadır. Tüm unsurlar bir araya
gelerek gastronomik kimliği oluşturmaktadır. Gastronomik kimlik bir destinasyonun zenginliğini ve
çekiciliğini artırmakta ve markalaşmasında önemli bir unsur olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yerel lezzetleri
deneyimlemek, bir destinasyonu ziyaret eden turistler için de önemli bir motivasyon kaynağı olmaktadır.
Bu nedenle bu çalışma destinasyonlar için gastronomik kimliğin önemi, turistler açısından deneyim ve
motivasyon kaynağı arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koymaya amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada
öncelikle gastronomik kimlik kavramına değinilmiş ve bu kavramın motivasyon ve deneyim arasındaki
ilişkisi ele alınarak kavramsal bir model oluşturulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gastronomik Kimlik, Gastronomik Deneyim, Gastronomik Motivasyon
From the lens of Bowen's systemic family theory, this study employed the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) to investigate the mediating effect fear of intimacy has on the association between self-differentiating and both partners’ relationship satisfaction. One hundred and forty-four non-clinical married couples ( N = 288) in enduring relationships were recruited. Results for actor effects revealed two mediating paths whereby, among both partners, self-differentiation was associated with their relationship satisfaction via fear of intimacy. Partner effect revealed that wives’ higher self-differentiation was associated with their lower fear of intimacy, which was linked, in turn, to husbands’ higher relationship satisfaction; unlike husbands’ fear of intimacy, which had no effect. Our results support Bowen's theoretical assumptions positing that self-differentiation indicates the ability for intimacy, which affects couple relationship satisfaction. Interestingly, the results highlight the role of the wives’ capability to establish intimate relationships on the husbands’ relationship satisfaction.
The emotional experiences you have with a romantic partner shape how satisfied you are in your relationship. Engaging in attempts to make a romantic partner feel better is linked with better relationship outcomes. However, it is not yet clear which specific processes people use to regulate their partners’ emotions, nor which processes are most strongly linked with relationship satisfaction. In the current study of 277 individuals (55% female), we tested the extent to which eight extrinsic emotion regulation processes (expressive suppression, downward social comparison, humor, distraction, direct action, reappraisal, receptive listening, and valuing) predict relationship satisfaction. Six of the eight processes showed significant positive correlations with relationship satisfaction, with the strongest associations for valuing (r = .43), humor (r = .33), and receptive listening (r = .27). Relative weights were significant only for valuing, humor, and receptive listening, suggesting that these are the most important predictors of relationship satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic regulation processes and the potential importance of motives for regulation.
Namen naše raziskave je bil preveriti, kako samospoštovanje, zadovoljstvo s partnerskim odnosom in anksiozna navezanost napovedujejo različne dimenzije ljubosumja ter ljubosumje na Facebooku. Prav tako smo želeli preučiti še interakcijo med anksiozno navezanostjo in trajanjem partnerskega odnosa pri napovedovanju različnih vidikov ljubosumja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 139 udeležencev, ki so izpolnili vprašalnike samospoštovanja, zadovoljstva s partnerskim odnosom, navezanosti v bližnjih odnosih in ljubosumja. Rezultati kažejo, da le anksiozna navezanost statistično pomembno napoveduje vse vidike ljubosumja. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je interakcija med anksiozno navezanostjo in trajanjem partnerskega odnosa statistično pomembna le v primeru napovedovanja vedenjskega ljubosumja in ljubosumja na Facebooku. Dobljeni rezultati so bili le delno v skladu z zastavljenimi hipotezami. Izpostavljene so tudi pomanjkljivosti raziskave ter možnosti za nadaljnje raziskovanje.
Research suggests that COVID-19-related restrictions affected individuals’ ability to engage in relationship maintenance behaviors and have led to poorer romantic relationship quality. Poor relationship quality may be especially problematic for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and otherwise non-heterosexual or-cisgender (LGBTQ+) college students, who often lack family support and are at greater risk for mental health issues. We used a social exchange theory lens to examine correlates of relationship satisfaction for LGBTQ+ college students during the early months of the pandemic. The analytic sample consists of 175 LGBTQ+ students ( M age = 20.5) who completed an online survey and reported being in a romantic relationship. Our findings demonstrate that LGBTQ+ students with more supportive partners were more satisfied with their relationships. These results can inform clinicians how to better support LGBTQ+ college couples when they experience relationship stress.
This research aims to examine emotional differences in romantic relationships. The relational screening model used this research. The population of this research consists of adult individuals living in Istanbul. The sample of the study consists of 600 adult individuals selected by random sampling method among these individuals. This study used the Demographic Information Form, Relationship Rating Scale, and Mood State Adjective Pairs List as data collection tools. Significant differences between the Relationship Rating Scale and the Mood State Adjective Pairs List were found between meaningful relationships and gender variables. In addition, it was determined that the Mood Pairs List Relationship Evaluation Scale predicted significantly, and Mood Pairs List Relationship Evaluation Scale explained 97.1% of the total variance. According to beta coefficient values, it was found that the variable that describes the effect of relationship satisfaction the most is Joyful-Sad.
In clinical practice, there is a need for a measurement tool that can support the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). The present study investigates the psychometric properties of the Turkish Version of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), the first scale developed for PTSD and CPTSD diagnosis purposes. The sample for this study comprised 395 participants recruited from the clinical sample (n = 112) and community (n = 283). After identifying the best fitting model, correlations between factors and criterion variables were calculated to examine the concurrent and convergent validity of ITQ scales. Criterion variables to examine concurrent validity comprised PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), The Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Participants were primarily female (61.0%, n = 241) with a mean age of 32.43 years (SD = 10.14). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) findings of our study indicated that Two-Factor Second-Order Model, Each Measured by Three First-Order Factors (Six first-order and two second-order factors), is congruent with previous studies. Cronbach’s alpha was satisfactory for both PTSD (α = .910) and Disturbances in Self-Organization (α = .867) scales. The correlations between ITQ and the IES-R, RAS, ERQ, CSES, and SDS supported the concurrent and convergent validity of the scale. The study results demonstrated that the Turkish version of the scale is valid and reliable and can be used in research and clinical practice.
Zusammenfassung. Kurze diagnostische Instrumente zur Erfassung von Beziehungsqualität sind für den klinischen Alltag notwendig, wie z. B. die sieben Items umfassende Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale (ADAS; dt.: Fragebogen zur Beziehungszufriedenheit – Kurzform, FBZ-K). Ziel ist es, die psychometrische Qualität der FBZ-K zu untersuchen und mit den Daten der ADAS zu vergleichen. Für den Vergleich wurden in einer ersten Studie 422 Mütter rekrutiert. In einer zweiten Studie wurden Daten von 424 Eltern (223 Mütter, 201 Väter) verwendet, die im Rahmen einer Langzeitstudie über 10 Jahre zu sechs Messzeitpunkten untersucht wurden. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte der FBZ-K entsprachen denen der ADAS. Die interne Konsistenz mit α = .84 und die 1-Jahres-Retest-Reliabilität mit r = .75 sind gut, die Konstrukt- und prognostische Validität zur Vorhersage von Scheidung kann als in hohem Maße als gegeben gelten. Die FBZ-K kann daher als Screening-Instrument in epidemiologischen Studien und in der klinischen Praxis zur Eingangsmessung und Prozessforschung empfohlen werden.
Despite the clear existing theoretical links, ours is the first direct systematic series of studies investigating a potential negative association between Honesty-Humility and general dishonesty in romantic relationships. Eleven preregistered online studies with community samples were run (total N = 5,677). For a first test of our hypothesis, we conducted a series of seven cross-sectional studies based on self-reports; these studies used different methodological approaches to assess relationship-based dishonesty (i.e., closed-ended self-report scales, scenarios, and direct frequency measures). This was followed by one diary study and three studies that base their assessment on more behavioral measurements of relationship-based dishonesty (e.g., a dice roll task and an anagram task). In line with our hypothesis, all studies reliably revealed that participants higher in Honesty-Humility reported less relationship-based dishonesty. The classification of the found results to past research and the general relevance of the Honesty-Humility factor for romantic relationships are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
The purpose of this research was to thoroughly study the psychometric properties of the Love Bank Inventory (LBI) with married participants. The LBI is a 21-item Likert-type English survey developed to measure romantic love for a partner. Two studies were conducted with independent data sets (Study 1: n = 143; Study 2: n = 142) that represented 22- to 62-year-old heterosexual, nondyadic married respondents with multicultural citizenship. The results of the two studies provide support for (a) a single-factor model, (b) convergent validity with a positive correlation with the statement about romantic love (rs = .67 - .68) and construct criterion validity with a positive correlation with the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (r = .76 - .80), (c) internal consistency of LBI statements (? = .95 - .96,), and (d) test-retest reliability (r = .88). These two studies provide support for the use of the LBI as a free tool to assess romantic love in marriage education development and applied settings.
Wie gut Frauen und Männer aussehen, entscheidet bei der Partnerwahl/während der Datingphase (d. h. vor dem Zustandekommen einer festen Paarbeziehung) maßgeblich darüber, wie sehr sie als Partnerin/Partner begehrt werden und inwiefern andere die Intensivierung einer Datingbeziehung mit ihnen anstreben. Ob ihre physische Attraktivität auch danach, d. h. ab dem Zeitpunkt, wenn sie sich als ein Paar definieren, eine Bedingung für die Qualität ihrer Paarbeziehung ist, wurde bisher hingegen kaum untersucht. Es ist wenig erforscht, inwiefern das Aussehen von Männern und Frauen relevant für die Einstellung sowie das Verhalten gegenüber der Partnerin/dem Partner und letztendlich für die Zufriedenheit mit ihm/ihr ist. In diesem Beitrag wird nach Antworten auf diese Fragen mit Rückblick auf die bisherige Forschung sowie anhand der Daten aus dem Projekt „Physische Attraktivität und Beziehungserfolg“ (Rosar und Yankov, Physische Attraktivität und Beziehungserfolg (ZA6766 Data file Version 1.0.0). GESIS Datenarchiv, https://doi.org/10.4232/1.12683, 2016a) gesucht.
The present study includes a revision of the Romantic Relationship Assessment Scale (RRAS; Kılınçer and Tuzgöl Dost, 2013). Personal Information Form, RRAS, and Relationship Satisfaction Scale (RSS) were used as data collection tools. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed on the RRAS. As a result of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a structure consisting of 28 items and five sub-dimensions was obtained. When the first and second-level CFA results are evaluated together, it was seen that five sub-dimensions consisting of 28 items were supported. In order to provide evidence for the validity of the scale, its relationship with the RSS was examined. The results revealed a negative and statistically significant correlation between the revised form of RRAS and RSS. In addition, the reliability of the scale was examined in terms of internal consistency, and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient values of the dimensions were found to vary between .78 and .92.
Objective: The present study analyzed the effects of the use and perceived usefulness of bereavement rituals and marital satisfaction on perinatal bereavement. Method: 74 Portuguese women who attended a public hospital in Porto - Portugal, after experiencing one or more abortions in 2019, responded to a self-report survey. The effects of ritual utility and marital satisfaction on bereavement experience, as well as interaction effects, were analyzed. Results: With adjustment to bereavement after pregnancy loss as the dependent variable, a negative effect of marital satisfaction (b=.33) and a positive effect of ritual utility (b =.46) were observed. No significant moderation effect was observed. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of addressing bereavement rituals and conjugality in providing emotional support for the loss, with the figure of the nurse being paramount in the contexts of abortion and neonatal loss.
Objective
The present study analyzed the effects of the use and perceived usefulness of bereavement rituals and marital satisfaction on perinatal bereavement.
Method
74 Portuguese women who attended a public hospital in Porto - Portugal, after experiencing one or more abortions in 2019, responded to a self-report survey. The effects of ritual utility and marital satisfaction on bereavement experience, as well as interaction effects, were analyzed.
Results
With adjustment to bereavement after pregnancy loss as the dependent variable, a negative effect of marital satisfaction (b=.33) and a positive effect of ritual utility (b =.46) were observed. No significant moderation effect was observed.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of addressing bereavement rituals and conjugality in providing emotional support for the loss, with the figure of the nurse being paramount in the contexts of abortion and neonatal loss.
DESCRIPTORS:
Abortion; Bereavement; Reproductive Health; Conjugal Relationship; Maternal Bereavement.
Previous studies have shown that power can inhibit sacrifice willingness in romantic relationships. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the role of goal salience and its moderating effects. In Study 1, 172 undergraduates in romantic relationships completed a self-report investigation of power status and current goals. Compared with low-power individuals, high-power individuals were more oriented to self-driven goals, and less attentive to partner-driven goals. In Study 2, 57 couples were primed with self-driven goals (SGP) or partner-driven goals (PGP), and then administered an active and passive sacrifice willingness questionnaire. Results showed significant interaction between power and priming conditions. Compared with SGP condition, high-power individuals expressed higher active sacrifice willingness in PGP condition; low-power individuals expressed higher passive sacrifice willingness in PGP condition. Results confirm that goal salience can moderate the impact of power on sacrifice willingness, and suggest that the differences between active and passive sacrifice should be paid more attention to.
This study aims to test the mediating role of relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality in the relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. The study included a total of 308 participants, 243 women (78.9%) and 65 men (21.1%). The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 60 (mean = 31.10; SD = 7.93). Data were collected through the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), the Perceived Romantic Relationship Quality Scale (PRRQS), and the Partner Phubbing Scale (PPS). Descriptive statistics of the data were calculated, and the relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling. Structural equation analysis indicated that partner phubbing negatively predicted relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality. In addition, relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality positively predicted life satisfaction. The correlation analysis performed before the mediation analysis indicated no significant relationships between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. However, the results of structural equation analysis and bootstrapping showed that perceived romantic relationship quality and relationship satisfaction had a fully mediating role in the relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction. The results of the bootstrap analysis indicate that partner phubbing had a significant indirect effect on life satisfaction through perceived romantic relationship quality and relationship satisfaction. These results reveal that relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality decrease in individuals who are exposed to partner phubbing behaviors, and that decreased relationship satisfaction and romantic relationship quality harm life satisfaction.
Preliminary evidence suggests that communication during and after sexual activity is linked to positive sexual and relational assessments, but the process of communication during sexual activity (i.e., predictors and outcomes of such behavior) has yet to be explicated. As such, the current study puts forth the Communication During Sexual Activity model, which posits that one’s propensity for affectionate communication, sexual self-esteem, and sexual assertiveness predict verbal communication during sexual activity, which in turn is associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction. Within a sample of emerging adults, structural equation modeling revealed that sexual self-esteem and trait affection were positively associated with communication during sexual activity. However, sexual assertiveness did not significantly predict communication during sexual activity. Communication during sexual activity was also positively associated with sexual satisfaction, and indirectly associated with relationship satisfaction through sexual satisfaction. The implications of the findings for future sexual communication research and interventions are addressed.
The aim of the present research was to study the interplay of Attachment Theory and the Two-Track Model of Dementia Grief. To examine the research hypotheses, a cross-sectional study was designed and included 122 participants (Mean age = 72.77) drawn from four groups: spouses of people living with mild to moderate cognitive impairment, spouses of people living with advanced cognitive impairment, widowed spouses of deceased dementia patients, and a control group. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires. Results showed that secure attachment constitutes a significant protective factor with regard to bio-psycho-social symptomatology (Track I) as well as difficulties in the relational bond with the spouse and grief over their deterioration (Track II). The results of the research support integrating attachment-based insights into clinical work with spouses coping with the losses accompanying cognitive decline and the grief processes that are operant in these losses.
LAY SUMMARY
Military family caregivers (MFCs) can experience many health-related challenges associated with caregiving responsibilities. Perceived support from a spouse or partner can influence dyadic satisfaction and health outcomes among those who care for a spouse or partner. This study examined the relations among social support, dyadic satisfaction, and mental (i.e., depressive and anxiety symptoms) and physical (i.e., somatic symptoms) health outcomes in a sample of MFCs. This sample consisted of 104 MFCs who were the spouse or partner of their care recipient. The findings indicate that more support predicted greater dyadic satisfaction and greater dyadic satisfaction predicted fewer anxiety symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering relationship-focused contributors to mental health outcomes.
As individuals are continually exposed to media involving celebrity couples, how do these couples influence romantic relationship processes? The current study explores perceptions of celebrity couple engagement in relationship conflict and how this might predict the conflict tactics used in adult romantic relationships. Specifically, how celebrity couples’ conflict might predict individuals’ engagement in specific conflict tactics was examined. An exploratory survey was implemented and included several measures of relationship conflict, social comparison, conflict tactics, and several other variables. Results indicated associations between perceptions of celebrity couples’ relational conflict and participants’ reported engagement in certain conflict tactics with their current romantic partner. Social comparison moderated the relationship between perceptions of celebrity couples’ relational conflict and participants’ engagement in conflict. Discussion and future directions are further elaborated.
Background: Intimate partner relationships foster individuals’ well-being throughout the lifespan. However, dissatisfying or conflict-laden relationships can have a detrimental impact on well-being and relationship quality. The majority of older adults live together with a spouse/partner, and intimate relationships are one of the most important social contexts in their daily lives. Purpose: Expanding on previous research, we examined the role of previous conflict on experiences of loneliness and affect in the daily lives of older partners from a dyadic perspective. Relationship duration and quality, personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), conflict frequency during the measurement period, physical health as well as age were considered as moderators. Study Sample and Data Analysis: We used data from an experience sampling study with 151 older heterosexual couples (302 participants; 65+ years old) reporting on their positive and negative affect, loneliness, and previous experience of relationship conflict 6 times a day for 14 days. Data were analyzed using dyadic multilevel models. Results: For both men and women within couples, previous conflict was associated with an increased experience of negative affect and loneliness and a decreased experience of positive affect. Higher neuroticism predicted less positive and more negative affect following conflict for women and more loneliness for men. Higher relationship satisfaction predicted less increase in negative affect after conflict for female partners. Age, relationship duration, physical health, extraversion, and the number of conflict episodes showed no moderating effects. Conclusions: Our results support the notion that relationship conflict deteriorates emotional well-being in old age and renders older adults lonelier even in the context of intimate partner relationships.
For much of its history, marital therapy has been an orphan child. Though marital distress has long been one of the more common reasons for seeking counseling, services have been provided by several sources including the cleric counselor, the lawyer seeing his or her clients in the midst of divorce, the family practitioner, the psychoanalyst, and the psychologist. Marital counseling developed out of necessity rather than research or theory. In 1929 Abraham and Hannah Stone founded the Marriage Consultation Center in New York, and Paul Popenoe began the American Institute of Family Relations in Los Angeles shortly thereafter. By 1938 a paper on the psychoanalysis of married couples had been published (Oberndorf, 1938). Still, it was not until 1948, with the increase in divorce following World War II, that a text solely on marriage counseling was written (Cuber, 1948). Even by 1960 fewer than 100 articles had been written on marriage counseling, and by 1972 fewer than 30 outcome studies had been reported (Gurman, 1973a, 1973b). The history of marital therapy has been summarized by Prochaska and Prochaska (1978) and Jacobson and Bussod (1983). Marital therapy has undergone a slow evolution indeed.
Presents an "Opener Scale" that measures the tendency to elicit intimate disclosure from others. Data from 740 undergraduates provided evidence for the scale's validity and reliability. In a face-to-face dyadic interaction between strangers in a laboratory study, 55 undergraduate women who scored either high or low on the Opener Scale were paired with other women who scored either high or low on a self-disclosure index. Low disclosers revealed more to high openers than to low openers. However, high disclosers were equally intimate with both types of partner. In a field study with 54 sorority women, acquaintances and friends were more willing to disclose to high openers than to low openers. High openers were more liked than low openers in the latter study only. It is suggested that high openers were able to elicit more disclosure because of their greater receptiveness and attentiveness and use of more follow-up questions. (44 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
The dyadic adjustment scale is critically evaluated by reconsidering the factor structure of the scale and its subscales using a maximum likelihood, confirmatory factor-analysis procedure. A new sample is studied three years later from the same geographical area. High reliability was confirmed for the overall scale. The four subscale factors appear robust and account for 94% of the covariance among the items, although subscale affiliations were not perfectly replicated in the confirmatory factor solution. The findings of the re-evaluation are encouraging, suggesting that confidence in the scale is warranted for subsequent users.
A longitudinal study of 129 graduating university students tested whether relationship continuity could best be predicted by a positive pull model, consisting of love and rewards, or a newly proposed barrier model, consisting of investments and commitment. The barrier model proved to be the best discriminator of whether relationships continued past graduation. Validity of the barrier model was further supported by conceptual distinctions found between Love and Commitment scales and by evidence for the importance of investments to the development of commitment. The combination strategy of scale development and examination of relationships over time produced new scales of Investments and Commitment.
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This study reports on the development of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, a new measure for assessing the quality of marriage and other similar dyads. The 32 item scale is designed for use with either married or unmarried cohabiting couples. Despite widespread criticisms of the concept of adjustment, the study proceeds from the pragmatic position that a new measure, which is theoretically grounded, relevant, valid, and highly reliable, is necessary since marital and dyadic adjustment continue to be researched. This factor analytic study tests a conceptual definition set forth in earlier work and suggests the existence of four empirically verified components of dyadic adjustment which can be used as subscales [dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, dyadic consensus and affectional expression]. Evidence is presented suggesting content, criterion related, and construct validity. High scale reliability is reported. The possibility of item weighting is considered and endorsed as a potential measurement technique, but it is not adopted for the present Dyadic Adjustment Scale. It is concluded that the Dyadic Adjustment Scale represents a significant improvement over other measures of marital adjustment, but a number of troublesome methodological issues remain for future research.
Examined the effect of self-disclosure on marital satisfaction in couples and also introduced attitude similarity as a possible predictor of marital satisfaction. 51 couples (mean age 30.6 yrs) completed 5 test instruments, including a self-disclosure scale, 2 marriage satisfaction scales, an attitude survey, and a demographic questionnaire. Results (1) revealed high reciprocity between spouses on most measures, (2) found a consistent positive relationship between self-disclosure and marital satisfaction, (3) substantiated self-disclosure as a significant predictor of marital satisfaction, and (4) demonstrated that attitude similarity had a strong positive relationship to marital satisfaction. Findings provide a firm basis for self-disclosure and attitude similarity as important predictors of marital satisfaction. (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Developed a 102-item sexual attitudes questionnaire that was completed by 439 female and 374 male undergraduates as part of a larger attitude study. Factor analyses yielded 8 factors on which 74 of the 102 items loaded. ANOVA of the individual items showed that female and male Ss differed on 73 of the 102 items. Females were more responsible, conventional, and idealistic, whereas males were more permissive, instrumental, and control- and power-oriented. The means suggested that females were moderately conservative in sexual attitudes, while males were moderately permissive. Based on the factor analysis, the present authors formed 5 preliminary sexual attitudes scales. Correlations among the summed scale scores indicated that the scales were largely independent of each other. It is suggested that the multidimensional complexity of sexual attitudes and empirical explanations for the continuing gender differences in sexual attitudes should be studied. (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Previous work by the authors and colleagues (1984) extended J. A. Lee's (1973/1976) theory of 6 basic love styles: eros (passionate love); ludus (game-playing love); storge (friendship love); pragma (logical, "shopping list" love); mania (possessive, dependent love); and agape (all-giving, selfless love). In Study 1, 807 undergraduates completed a 42-item rating questionnaire, with 7 items measuring each of the love styles. Six love style scales emerged clearly from factor analysis. Internal reliability was shown for each scale, and the scales had low intercorrelations with each other. Significant relationships were found between love attitudes and several background variables, including gender, ethnicity, previous love experiences, current love status, and self-esteem. Study 2, with 567 Ss, replicated the factor structure, factor loadings, and reliability analyses of the 1st study. The significant relationships between love attitudes and gender, previous love experiences, current love status, and self-esteem were also consistent with the results of Study 1. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
An Opener Scale that measures the tendency to "open up" or elicit intimate disclosure from others is introduced. In a face-to-face dyadic interaction between strangers in a laboratory study, women who scored either high or low on the Opener Scale were paired with other women who scored either high or low on a self-disclosure index. Low disclosers revealed more to high openers than to low openers. However, high disclosers were equally intimate with both types of partner. In a field study, acquaintances and friends were more willing to disclose to high openers than to low openers. Implications of the results for future research on self-disclosure are discussed.
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