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DSISoft--a MATLAB VSP data processing package,
Abstract
DSISoft is a public domain vertical seismic profile processing software package developed at the Geological Survey of Canada. DSISoft runs under MATLAB version 5.0 and above and hence is portable between computer operating systems supported by MATLAB (i.e. Unix, Windows, Macintosh, Linux). The package includes processing modules for reading and writing various standard seismic data formats, performing data editing, sorting, filtering, and other basic processing modules. The processing sequence can be scripted allowing batch processing and easy documentation. A structured format has been developed to ensure future additions to the package are compatible with existing modules. Interactive modules have been created using MATLAB's graphical user interface builder for displaying seismic data, picking first break times, examining frequency spectra, doing f-k filtering, and plotting the trace header information. DSISoft modular design facilitates the incorporation of new processing algorithms as they are developed. This paper gives an overview of the scope of the software and serves as a guide for the addition of new modules.
... It is worth noting that DSISoft (Beaty et al. 2002), developed at the Geological Survey of Canada, is known to be the first free software developed for VSP data processing. The software is written in MATLAB. ...
... Furthermore, the user needs to invoke special plotting functions at every processing step, making quality control (QC) of the sequence a time-consuming and error-prone process. MVSP is free software, developed to complement the work described in Beaty et al. 2002. The package comprises tools with interactive GUIs for loading and editing data in different formats (Segy, SU, Mat, LAS), data processing, comparison, visualization, and interpretation. ...
... In Table 1, the available modules are introduced. Note that the software adapts the DSISoft data structure proposed by Beaty et al. (2002). New interactive loading modules were developed, and new functions were written to help improve the interaction between different modules and to convert datasets from and to the DSI format. ...
Vertical seismic profile is vital tool in subsurface imaging and reservoir characterization. The technique allows geophysicist to infer critical information that cannot be obtained otherwise. MVSP is a Matlab application with user-friendly interface for VSP shot modeling, data processing and interpretation. The software deals with VSP data from loading and preprocessing stage to the final stage of corridor plotting and integration with well and seismic data. Several seismic and signal toolboxes are integrated and modified to suit and enrich the processing and display packages.
We use the software to create a VSP synthetic data. The data is then processed using different available tools. Next, a real data is loaded and fully processed using the software.
In order to value the software processing flow accuracy, the same data is processed using commercial software. Comparison of the processing results showed that the MVSP can process VSP data as efficiently as commercial software currently used in industry and provide similar high quality processed data.
... It is worth noting that DSISoft (Beaty et al. 2002), developed at the Geological Survey of Canada, is known to be the first free software developed for VSP data processing. The software is written in MATLAB. ...
... Furthermore, the user needs to invoke special plotting functions at every processing step, making quality control (QC) of the sequence a time-consuming and error-prone process. MVSP is free software, developed to complement the work described in Beaty et al. 2002. The package comprises tools with interactive GUIs for loading and editing data in different formats (Segy, SU, Mat, LAS), data processing, comparison, visualization, and interpretation. ...
... In Table 1, the available modules are introduced. Note that the software adapts the DSISoft data structure proposed by Beaty et al. (2002). New interactive loading modules were developed, and new functions were written to help improve the interaction between different modules and to convert datasets from and to the DSI format. ...
Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) surveying is a vital tool in subsurface imaging and reservoir characterization. The technique allows geophysicists to infer critical information that cannot be obtained otherwise. MVSP is a new MATLAB tool with a graphical user interface (GUI) for VSP shot modeling, data processing, and interpretation. The software handles VSP data from the loading and preprocessing stages to the final stage of corridor plotting and integration with well and seismic data. Several seismic and signal processing toolboxes are integrated and modified to suit and enrich the processing and display packages. The main motivation behind the development of the software is to provide new geoscientists and students in the geoscience fields with free software that brings together all VSP modules in one easy-to-use package. The software has several modules that allow the user to test, process, compare, visualize, and produce publication-quality results. The software is developed as a stand-alone MATLAB application that requires only MATLAB Compiler Runtime (MCR) to run with full functionality. We present a detailed description of MVSP and use the software to create synthetic VSP data. The data are then processed using different available tools. Next, real data are loaded and fully processed using the software. The data are then integrated with well data for more detailed analysis and interpretation. In order to evaluate the software processing flow accuracy, the same data are processed using commercial software. Comparison of the processing results shows that MVSP is able to process VSP data as efficiently as commercial software packages currently used in industry, and provides similar high-quality processed data.
... To simulate the application of the proposed method to real data, we remove the direct waves in the common-shot gathers of the zero-offset VSP data and then apply the median filter algorithm of 15-points window to obtain the upgoing and downgoing wavefields (Beaty et al., 2002). Figure 8 shows the results of the separation which we use as the observed data for the synthetic experiments of the viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion. ...
The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in reservoirs can be obtained accurately from the data analysis of Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) in terms of the quality‐factor Q. The common methods usually use the downgoing wavefields in VSP data. However, the downgoing wavefields consist of more than 90% energy of the spectrum of the VSP data, making it difficult to estimate the viscoacoustic parameters accurately. Thus, a joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity and quality‐factor is proposed based on the multi‐objective functions and analysis of the difference between the results inverted from the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields. A simple separating step is accomplished by the reflectivity method to obtain the individual wavefields in VSP data, and then a joint inversion is carried out to make full use of the information of the individual wavefields and improve the convergence of viscoacoustic full‐waveform inversion. The sensitivity analysis of the different wavefields to the velocity and Quality‐factor shows that the upgoing and downgoing wavefields contribute differently to the viscoacoustic parameters. A numerical example validates our method can improve the accuracy of viscoacoustic parameters compared with the direct inversion using full wavefield and the separate inversion using upgoing or downgoing wavefield. The application on real field data indicates our method can recover a reliable viscoacoustic model, which helps reservoir appraisal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
... MATLAB has proved to be a highly effective and efficient tool in Earth sciences (e.g., Marcotte, 1991;Tian D et al., 1993;Yeung and Chakrabarty, 1993). In seismic exploration, MATLAB has also been widely adopted to achieve complex functionalities, such as DSISoft for vertical source profiling data (Beaty et al., 2002), and SWIP for Love-and Rayleigh-wave inversions based on land seismic data (e.g., Pasquet and Bodet, 2017;Tsai, 2017, 2020), to name two. ...
First-arrival seismic traveltime tomography (FAST) is a well-established technique to estimate subsurface velocity structures. Although several existing open-source packages are available for first-arrival traveltime tomography, most were written in compiled languages and lack sufficient extendibility for new algorithms and functionalities. In this work, we develop an open-source, self-contained FAST package based on MATLAB, one of the most popular interpreted scientific programming languages, with a focus on ocean bottom seismometer refraction traveltime tomography. Our package contains a complete traveltime tomography workflow, including ray-tracing-based first-arrival traveltime computation, linearized inversion, quality control, and high-quality visualization. We design the package as a modular toolbox, making it convenient to integrate new algorithms and functionalities as needed. At the current stage, our package is most efficient for performing FAST for two-dimensional ocean bottom seismometer surveys. We demonstrate the efficacy and accuracy of our package by using a synthetic data example based on a modified Marmousi model.
... In this sense, the online service is a good concept, but the performance is limited to user interaction via a form-based input with limited resources on the server side. DSISoft, which was developed by Beaty et al. [8], is a vertical seismic profiling data processor based on the MATLAB5 programming language. MATLAB is a popular as programming language because it has a library of common mathematical and engineering functions. ...
Seismic reflection is one of the most popular methods in geophysical prospecting. Nevertheless, obtaining high resolution and accurate results requires a sophisticated processing stage. There are many open-source seismic reflection data processing software programs available; however, they often use a high-level programming language that decreases its overall performance, lacks intuitive user-interfaces, and is limited to a small set of tasks. These shortcomings reveal the need to develop new software using a programming language that is natively supported by Windows® operating systems, which uses a relatively medium-level programming language (such as C#) and can be enhanced by an intuitive user interface. SEISGAMA was designed to address this need and employs a modular concept, where each processing group is combined into one module to ensure continuous and easy development and documentation. SEISGAMA can perform basic seismic reflection processes. This ability is very useful, especially for educational purposes or during a quality control process (in the acquisition stage). Those processes can be easily carried out by users via specific menus on SEISGAMA’s main user interface. SEISGAMA has been tested, and its results have been verified using available theoretical frameworks and by comparison to similar commercial software.
... The Matlab programming environment, commercialized by The MathWorks, was selected for the development of bh_tomo for several reasons: namely because it combines extensive numeric computation libraries, a higher-level programming language, as well as visualization capabilities, and easy GUI development tools. Matlab has been used widely for geophysical applications (e.g.Beaty et al., 2002;Conroy and Radzevicius, 2003;Rucker and Ferre, 2004;Witten, 2002). In addition, Matlab programs are portable across platforms supported by The MathWorks (Mac OS X, UNIX/Linux, Windows). ...
bh_tomo is an open source borehole georadar data processing and ray-based 2D tomography software package developed at the École Polytechnique of Montréal. bh_tomo runs under Matlab version 7.0 and above, and is therefore portable between computer operating systems supported by Matlab. To perform the tomographic inversions, bh_tomo includes an implementation of the classical LSQR algorithm, as well as an implementation of the recent geostatistical inversion scheme developed at the École Polytechnique of Montréal. One important motivation behind the development of bh_tomo was to ease the data processing sequence necessary to perform tomographic inversion of georadar amplitude data, especially when measured between many adjacent boreholes. The software package relies on a mini database and comprises interactive modules to manage, process and interpret the data.
The ability to characterize time-varying reservoir properties, such as the state of stress, has fundamental implications in subsurface engineering, relevant to geologic sequestration of CO2. Stress variation, here in the form of changes in pore fluid pressure, is one factor known to affect seismic velocity. Induced variations in velocity have been used in seismic studies to determine and monitor changes in the stress state. Previous studies conducted to determine velocity-stress sensitivity at reservoir conditions rely primarily on laboratory measurements of core samples or theoretical relationships. We have developed a novel field-scale experiment designed to study the in situ relationship between pore-fluid pressure and seismic velocity using a crosswell continuous active-source seismic monitoring (CASSM) system. At the Cranfield, Mississippi, CO2 sequestration field site, we actively monitored seismic response for five days with a temporal resolution of 5 min; the target was a 26 m thick injection zone at approximately 3.2 km depth in a fluvial sandstone formation (lower Tuscaloosa Formation). The variation of pore fluid pressure was obtained during discrete events of fluid withdrawal from one of the two wells and monitored with downhole pressure sensors. The results indicate a correlation between decreasing CASSM time delay (i.e., velocity change for a raypath in the reservoir) and periods of reduced fluid pore pressure. The correlation is interpreted as the velocity-stress sensitivity measured in the reservoir. This observation is consistent with published laboratory studies documenting a velocity (V) increase with an effective stress increase. A traveltime change (dt) of 0.036 ms is measured as the consequence of a change in pressure of approximately 2.55 MPa (dPe). For T 1/4 13 ms total traveltime, the velocity-stress sensitivity is dV/V/dPe 1/4 dt/T/dPe 1/4 10.9 × 10-4/MPa. The overall results suggest that CASSM measurements represent a valid technique for in situ determination of velocity-stress sensitivity in field-scale monitoring studies.
In October 2006, three-component zero-offset vertical seismic profile data were acquired from a deviated well in the Flin Flon mining camp in Manitoba, Canada, using a dynamite source. These vertical seismic profile data were processed to reveal reflections originating from the 85.5 Mt Flin Flon-Callinan-777 volcanogenic massive sulphide ore system. From drill records, mine plans, surficial maps, and seismic data, 3D voxel models of the local geology and known ore zones were built, which were then used in 3D finite-difference modelled simulations of the vertical seismic profile surveys. The number of geological units partitioning the model was incrementally increased to study the effects of the massive sulphide ore and the major rock units on the seismic response. The simulations and field data were jointly visualized, and reflections originating at some of the known ore zones were identified. These reflections were observed in each of the three components in both the real field and the forward modelled data and indicate a strong mode-converted component of the reflected wavefield.
Recent developments in web service technologies have shown promise for developing large scale data management system. Web services can significantly add some desirable characteristics such as openness, interoperability, scalability, implementation-language independent etc. This work proposed an efficient system architecture prototype for seismic data management, which is organized as four different layers based on service-oriented software engineering. This architecture was used on a prototype system developed for the Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, which has shown some salient advantages over the former system.
The Downhole Seismic Imaging consortium conducted two consecutive vertical seismic profiling surveys in the Norman West mining camp (Sudbury, Canada) in 1998 and 1999. These were aimed toward imaging a massive sulfide ore deposit situated within the footwall of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC). Three-component seismic data were acquired in four boreholes with variable signal-to-noise ratio and poor polarization quality. Consequently, the images suffered from strong azimuthal ambiguity. A strike filter, passing only reflections originating from within the SIC, was applied during migration to enhance interpretability of the images obtained. Migrated images showed structures correlating with the known position of an ore deposit located 1800 m away from one borehole (N40). Diffraction coherency migration enhanced the image of the deposit, and suggested strong seismic scattering from within the footwall of the SIC.
The cancellation of harmonic noise from geophysical records can be achieved by subtracting an estimate of the harmonic noise. Estimating the harmonic noise consists of estimating the fundamental frequency and the amplitudes and phases of all harmonies. We propose a new frequency-estimation method that builds upon the estimator originally proposed by Nyman and Gaiser. This Nyman and Gaiser estimation (NGE) method exploits the fact that the noise fundamental frequency is known to be close to 60 Hz. The NGE method is based on solving a system of four equations that. determine the amplitude, phase, and frequency of a given harmonic in the harmonic noise. Hence, NGE can produce frequency estimates for all harmonics. Our improved estimator uses a Suitable linear combination of these NGE frequency estimates to produce a more accurate estimate of the fundamental frequency. Our method is more accurate than NGE, and its accuracy is comparable to least-squares estimation (LSE). The advantage of our method is that it is about two times faster than LSE. This speed gain can become valuable when processing large magnetotelluric (MT) data records. Applying our method to the restoration of MT data, we found that the harmonic noise amplitude in the periodogram is reduced by at least 60 dB to a level below that of mT data.
Web Seismic Un∗x is a browser-based user interface for the Seismic Un∗x freeware developed at Colorado School of Mines. The interface allows users to process and display seismic reflection data from any remote platform that runs a graphical Web browser. Users access data and create processing jobs on a remote server by completing form-based Web pages whose Common Gateway Interface scripts are written in Perl. These scripts supply parameters, manage files, call Seismic Un∗x routines and return data plots. The interface was designed for undergraduate commuter students taking geophysics courses who need to: (a) process seismic data and other time series as a class using computers in campus teaching labs and (b) complete course assignments at home. Students from an undergraduate applied geophysics course tested the Web user interface while completing laboratory assignments in which they acquired and processed common-depth-point seismic reflection data into a subsurface image. This freeware, which will be publicly available by summer 1999, was developed and tested on a Solaris 2.5 server and will be ported to other versions of Unix, including Linux.
Seismic Un∗x provides programs for processing seismic data, including the following tasks: (1) tape reading/writing, (2) trace sorting, windowing, geometry setting, (3) data format conversion, (4) frequency, frequency-wavenumber, 2D wavenumber filtering, (5) Fourier, Hilbert, Gabor and Radon transforms, (6) tau-p filtering, (7) trace attributes, (8) wavespeed profile construction for modelling and migration, (9) seismic modelling, (10) NMO and velocity analysis, (11) several types of DMO, (12) a variety of pre-stack and post-stack migration algorithms, (13) wavelet transform-based data compression, (14) wiggle-trace, image and graph plotting and (15) trace picking.
A portable program MATCORS, for correspondence analysis is presented. To help understand the correspondence analysis method and computer algorithm, a detailed matrix algebraic description is used. Various diagnostic results are provided in the program to aid in interpreting the results, for example relative and absolute contributions, error profiles, and supplementary elementary projections. A series of graphs generated by this program is helpful for the analysis of the results. High-quality graphs are produced easily because the program operates within the user-friendly Matlab environment. Applications to soil sample data and precipitation data sets are given to verify and demonstrate this computer program.
The shape of a formation may be interpreted as either circular or rectangular for pressure transient analysis. However, in many practical situations, the reservoir drainage shape is too complicated to be approximated by a circular or rectangular shaped system. Thus, there is a need for the development of a method to predict transient pressure response in irregularly shaped reservoirs. Because it is difficult to superpose the line-source solution of image wells in space for irregular drainage shapes, a solution using the method of superposition in time is used to simulate the effects of the actual solution, which consists of infinitely many image wells. However, the use of superposition in time is extremely time-consuming even for fast computers because of the numerous evaluations of the Ei function. This paper presents an algorithm which avoids the evaluation of the Ei function by taking its derivative, resulting in an algorithm which is at least 80 times faster than the one presented before. This advancement allows this method to be implemented in personal computers, which now can be used readily on site. This paper describes the algorithm in detail and presents its source code in MATLAB.
A silent revolution has been altering the way universities work with computer technology. This is the revolution of free software, a sweeping movement that has been accelerated by the ease of communication provided by the Internet. I am fortunate to be a participant in one small part of this revolution that relates to seismic processing and education in geophysics.
Two processing techniques for suppressing stationary powerline noise in a time series are presented. Both techniques involve subtracting an estimate of the harmonic component. Unlike notch filters, they are capable of suppressing numerous frequencies without distorting or attenuating the signal of interest. Reductions of up to 45 dB in the ambient noise level have been obtained by using these methods to subtract up to 25 harmonics of 60 Hz from recordings of electric fields in the earth. -from Authors
Two programs are presented to compute direct- and cross-variograms, direct and cross-covariograms, and pseudo-cross-variograms. The programs are written in MATLAB and are based on the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm (FFT). The programs accept complete, or incomplete, regular grid data. The FFT appoach is shown to be faster than the spatial approach for this type of data. It gives exactly the same numerical variogram values as programs operating in the spatial domain. These programs could be most useful in image analysis, where images are usually 256 × 256 pixels, 512 × 512 pixels, or larger. For such large images, FFT is many orders of magnitude faster than the spatial approach.
A program termed COKRI is presented, which will perform point or block kriging or cokriging in any number of dimensions, with any number of variables and basic structures. Different forms of cokriging are offered by COKRI: simple, ordinary with one nonbias condition or with the usual p (number of variables) nonbias conditions, and universal cokriging with drift of order 1 or 2. Factorial kriging or cokriging also can be performed. All the basic structures can have different geometric anisotropies thus allowing great modeling flexibility. The addition of a new basic model to the five currently offered by COKRI requires only one line of code. The program operates within the user-friendly Matlab environment.
Recently a new demand for demultiplexed formats has arisen in the seismic industry due to the utilization of minicomputers in digital field recording systems and because of a growing need to standardize an acceptable data exchange format.
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