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International HPT: RX for culture shock
The objective of this article is to describe the key areas of consideration for global/international advanced pharmacy practice experience (G/I APPE) preceptors, students and learning objectives. At the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP), the GPE SIG prepared and presented an initial report on the G/IAPPE initiatives. Round table discussions were conducted at the 2014 AACP Annual Meeting to document GPE SIG member input on key areas in the report. Literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE with keywords was conducted to expand this report. In this paper, considerations related to preceptors and students and learning outcomes are described. Preceptors for G/I APPEs may vary based on the learning outcomes of the experience. Student learning outcomes for G/I APPEs may vary based on the type of experiential site. Recommendations and future directions for development of G/IAPPEs are presented. Development of a successful G/I APPE requires significant planning and consideration of appropriate qualifications for preceptors and students. © 2016, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
Recent research in the areas of human performance technology (HPT), organizational development, and cross-cultural training has suggested the need for developing managerial competencies that are effective in diverse cultural settings. Some competencies such as technical proficiency, knowledge of company systems, adaptability, and the ability to cope have been examined for their suitability in various cultures. However, there have been few efforts to examine the suitability and validity of HPT competencies in cross-cultural settings. This exploratory study investigates the application of HPT competencies across two regions of the world. On the basis of a survey of more than 100 industry professionals, we obtained data indicating the frequency of application of a set of core HPT competencies in the United States and South Asian regions. Findings revealed significant differences between how practitioners in these two regions apply performance analysis, cause analysis, and intervention design and development competencies. Results suggest that cultural differences might be affecting how practitioners in these regions are applying HPT. Possible areas for future studies are discussed.
Training: Theory, principles and techniques
- G. D. Mayo
- P. H. Dubois
Cultural implications and corporate decisions
- G. Zucca