... When wildlife is readily observable, assessing, and estimating species richness of large mammal assemblages and population densities of specific species over time can be performed simultaneously Kiffner, Nagar, Kollmar, & Kioko, 2016;Schuette et al., 2018). This combined approach offers advantages over focusing solely on species richness (Cromsigt, van Rensburg, Etienne, & Olff, 2009;Msuha, Carbone, Pettorelli, & Durant, 2012;Treydte, Edwards, & Suter, 2005), on one or few snapshot assessments of species' densities (Caro, 1999;Waltert, Meyer, & Kiffner, 2009), or on population trends of selected species Ogutu et al., 2017). This is because (a) mammal communities are sensitive to different levels of human impact (Kiffner, Wenner, LaViolet, Yeh, & Kioko, 2015;Msuha et al., 2012;Riggio et al., 2018); (b) focusing on one snapshot assessment in time may yield biased conclusions if animals move across the landscape in response to seasonal variation of natural resources (Rannestad, Danielsen, & Stokke, 2006); focusing on a single species may not represent population trajectories of other species (Caro, 2016;Caro, Gardner, Stoner, Fitzherbert, & Davenport, 2009;Kiffner, Hopper, & Kioko, 2016;Riggio et al., 2018). ...