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The Information‐Motivation‐Behavioral Skills Model: A General Social Psychological Approach to Understanding and Promoting Health Behavior
Abstract
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... 17,18,19 The IMB model is a social psychological theoretical model of healthy behaviour change developed by Fisher & Fisher, for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)related preventive behaviours. 20,21 Over the years, the IMB model has been adopted for chronic disease management such as diabetes and hypertension. 18,21,22,23 The IMB model posits that its constructs, information, motivation and behaviour were found to individually influence behaviour change in less complex behaviour. ...
... 20,21 Over the years, the IMB model has been adopted for chronic disease management such as diabetes and hypertension. 18,21,22,23 The IMB model posits that its constructs, information, motivation and behaviour were found to individually influence behaviour change in less complex behaviour. 24 The interplay of these three constructs was found to enhance sustained, healthy behaviour change in people with type 2 diabetes, 25 by translating accurate information into healthy behaviours, initiated and sustained through personal and social motivation. ...
... According to the information construct of the IMB model, information related to a particular behaviour is needed to influence the decision to perform that healthy behaviour. 17,21 In this study, information was termed 'knowledge'. The level of knowledge of diabetes and self-management was assessed in the various domains of diabetes care with regards to the motivation construct of the IMB model; motivation is needed to influence the willingness of the person to enact healthy behaviour. ...
Background: Diabetes is one of the major non-communicable diseases. Diabetes self-management has been identified as a key strategy to reduce complications and to improve health outcomes.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the diabetes self-management knowledge, attitude and practices among people with type-2 diabetes in Ghana.Setting: Two clinics for diabetes patients in the Ho municipality of Ghana were selected to conduct the study.Methods: An outpatient cross-sectional survey was conducted using a 57-item researcher-administered questionnaire based on the Information, Motivation, Behaviours Model adopted for Diabetes. A total of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from the two outpatient clinics for diabetes in Ho, Ghana. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression modules were conducted to determine the predictors of self-management practices. Significance was set at p 0.05.Results: The average score for knowledge was 11.37/24 ± 3.40 or 47%, indicating poor levels of diabetes self-management knowledge. Moderately positive attitudes were found (2.83/5 ± 1.57) [95% CI –1.86 to –3.80] with poor self-management practices with a median of 3.00 per week (maximum 5.20, minimum 0.60 per week). Knowledge explained 20% of variation in self-management practice.Conclusion: The findings from this study show an overall deficit in knowledge of diabetes with related low self-management practice. This suggests the need for robust self-management education programmes to improve access to diabetes self-management-related information.Contribution: This study highlights the important knowledge of diabetes in self-management.
... One important step in developing interventions to change maternal behavior to promote effective child development is understanding the relationships and interactions of all factors that influence maternal behavior within a conceptual framework. The IMB model, developed by Fisher and Fisher, in 2002 conceptualizes the social psychological determinants of behavioral performance to improve health status (13,14). The IMB model suggests that changes in maternal behavior in stimulating the development of children under five require sufficient information (15), high motivation, and adequate skills (16,17). ...
... The IMB model constructs are able to facilitate changes in maternal behavior that improves the development of children under five years old. Individuals who are well-informed and motivated to act, and who have the behavioral skills necessary for effective action, are more likely to initiate and maintain health-promoting behaviors and have positive health outcomes (14). The relationships between the constructs in the IMB model are considered to be capable of explaining maternal behavior that improves the development of children under five years old, both directly and indirectly. ...
Introduction: The early years of life are important for a child's health and development. Positive parenting and quality interactions were needed to develop all children’s abilities according to their age by meeting their social, emotional, and educational needs for stimulation. A mother plays an important role in encouraging a child's growth and development. This research aims to determine the influence of social psychological factors that influence maternal behavior on healthy child development using the Information Motivation Behavior Skills (IMB) model. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pairs of mothers and children under five years old. Respondents were measured using questionnaires and observation sheets. The maternal behavior level was measured using the Daily Development Stimulation for Children (DDSC) questionnaire. Path analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between IMB and maternal behavior in improving the development of children. Results: Healthy maternal behavior in improving the development of children was directly and positively related to maternal behavioral skills (b= 1.00, p<0.001). Then, it is indirectly and positively related to information (b= 0.28, p<0.001), self-efficacy (b= 0.18, p<0.001), and motivation (b= 0.51, p<0.001). The goodness of fit path analysis indicated values of p= 0.57, RSME< 0.001, TFI= 1.00, TLI= 1.00, and SRMR= 0.003. Conclusion: A mother's healthy behavior that improves child development is directly and positively related to the behavioral skills that a mother has. Furthermore, it is indirectly and positively related to the information and motivation that a mother has.
... With this finding, the importance of tailored health communication, where information is not only accurate but also presented in a manner that is easily understood by the patient is underscored [45]. The IMB model suggests that, for effective health behavior change, behavioral skills, including the ability to comprehend and use health information, are crucial [15]. Simplified language and clear communication from healthcare providers enhance these skills, making it easier for individuals to act on the information they receive. ...
This study aims to explore the perceptions of reproductive-age women in Greater Accra, Ghana, regarding uterine fibroids. Utilizing a qualitative research approach grounded in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (IMB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM), the study employed phenomenological research design to understand participants' lived experiences and beliefs about fibroids. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews through a case study approach with 15 women selected via purposive and snowball sampling methods. Findings reveal that fibroids are perceived as a prevalent issue within the community, with participants expressing a range of emotional responses, from fear of pain and fertility issues to views on manageability based on early diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations include developing comprehensive educational resources, simplifying medical information, and enhancing public health campaigns to support preventive practices.
... With this finding, the importance of tailored health communication, where information is not only accurate but also presented in a manner that is easily understood by the patient is underscored [45]. The IMB model suggests that, for effective health behavior change, behavioral skills, including the ability to comprehend and use health information, are crucial [15]. Simplified language and clear communication from healthcare providers enhance these skills, making it easier for individuals to act on the information they receive. ...
This study aims to explore the perceptions of reproductive-age women in Greater Accra, Ghana, regarding uterine fibroids. Utilizing a qualitative research approach grounded in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (IMB) and the Health Belief Model (HBM), the study employed phenomenological research design to understand participants' lived experiences and beliefs about fibroids. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews through a case study approach with 15 women selected via purposive and snowball sampling methods. Findings reveal that fibroids are perceived as a prevalent issue within the community, with participants expressing a range of emotional responses, from fear of pain and fertility issues to views on manageability based on early diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations include developing comprehensive educational resources, simplifying medical information, and enhancing public health campaigns to support preventive practices.
... The motivational instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of a Likert-type scale. The questionnaire consisted of five questions that addressed the mother's internal motivation to make antenatal care visits to prevent preeclampsia based on the theory of The Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) skills model of health behavior (Fisher, Fisher and Harman, 2009). ...
Introduction: One of the pregnancy complications that needs to be monitored is the occurrence of preeclampsia because it has a high risk of maternal and infant death. The risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy can be determined through routine pregnancy checks. Routine pregnancy checks, or antenatal care, have low coverage. This study aimed to investigate the validity of the family centered maternity care (FCMC) construct and the relationship between pregnant women's characteristics, family characteristics, healthcare factors, sources of support, and family support in antenatal visit adherence using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: The research design was correlational, using a Cross-Sectional Study approach. A total of 135 respondents were included in this study. The research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: FCMC-based family support is based on the characteristics of pregnant women, family characteristics, health services, and sources of support, with family characteristics being the most significant contributor to FCMC-based family support. Compliance with antenatal care (ANC) visits is shaped by family characteristics, health services, and FCMC-based family support, where FCMC-based family support is the variable that makes the most significant contribution to ANC visit compliance for pregnant women. Conclusions: Health services are essential for facilitating public health issues, with all efforts and activities carried out to prevent and treat diseases. Health service officers must involve families in antenatal care to avoid complications during pregnancy.
... The Information Motivation Theory proposed by Fisher and Fisher (1992) to explain public health-related behaviours recognizes three constructs-information, motivation, and behavioural skills (Fisher et al., 2003). The model posits that individuals must be informed, motivated, and behaviourally skilled to initiate and maintain preventive behaviour. ...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health challenge affecting millions of mothers globally, with prevalence rates as high as 18.6% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 10-15% worldwide. Characterized by symptoms such as impaired functioning, sadness, irritability, and guilt, PPD has significant psychological, emotional, and social consequences for mothers, families, and communities. While its etiology remains multifaceted, involving demographic, biological, and psychological factors, theoretical frameworks such as the Health Belief Model, Information Motivation Theory, Protection Motivation Theory, and Transtheoretical Model offer insights into understanding and addressing PPD. These models emphasize the importance of education, behavioural intent, motivation, and risk perception in shaping maternal health behaviours. Evidence-based interventions, including pharmacological, psychosocial, and psychological strategies, have shown promise in lessening PPD's impact. However, tailored, culturally sensitive approaches are crucial for effective prevention and management. This review underscores the urgent need for integrated public health interventions informed by robust theoretical perspectives to enhance maternal mental health and improve postpartum care outcomes globally.
Background
To strengthen holistic health care delivery, influential interprofessional (IP) leadership skills are crucial for nurse practitioners (NPs) working within typical disease-focused practice settings. To build competencies, an IP leadership learning protocol (ILLP) was developed using an evidence-informed conflict resolution self-study and patient-care video conference (PCVC) for family NP students, which was later adapted for psychiatric mental health (PMH) NP students and measured effectiveness.
Method
Flipped-classroom initial self-study of IP leadership strategies and relevant clinical considerations culminated in applying this learning within the PCVC by role-playing deliberately contrived adversarial IP roles with a faculty facilitator intermittently designating students to act as the IP leader.
Results
Immediately following the video conference, students completed a validated leadership self-efficacy (LSE) tool and a written evaluation. LSE scores improved significantly ( p < .01), and short-answer themes showed positive student-perceived learning value.
Conclusion
A well-designed virtual ILLP is effective for improving LSE in NP students. [ J Nurs Educ . 2025;64(X):XXX–XXX.]
This research evaluated a motivation-based HIV risk reduction intervention for economically disadvantaged urban women. Participants completed a survey that assessed HIV-related knowledge, risk perceptions, behavioral intentions, sexual communication, substance use, and risk behavior. A total of 102 at-risk women (76% African American) were randomly assigned to either the risk reduction intervention or to a waiting list. Women were reassessed at 3 and 12 weeks. Results indicated that treated women increased their knowledge and risk awareness, strengthened their intentions to adopt safer sexual practices, communicated their intentions with partners, reduced substance use proximal to sexual activities, and engaged in fewer acts of unprotected vaginal intercourse. These effects were observed immediately, and most were maintained at follow-up.
Investigated the generalization of the transtheoretical model across 12 problem behaviors. The cross-sectional comparisons involved relationships between 2 key constructs of the model, the stages of change and decisional balance. The behaviors studied were smoking cessation, quitting cocaine, weight control, high-fat diets, adolescent delinquent behaviors, safer sex, condom use, sunscreen use, radon gas exposure, exercise acquisition, mammography screening, and physicians' preventive practices with smokers. Clear commonalities were observed across the 12 areas, including both the internal structure of the measures and the pattern of changes in decisional balance across stages.
Research dealing with various aspects of* the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985,
1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is
found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different
kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of
behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient
behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these
relations is still uncertain. Expectancy value formulations are found to be only partly
successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value
measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of
past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory*s
sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning
this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the
ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability.
Context.—
Current guidelines recommend that individuals infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) be treated using combinations of antiretroviral
agents to achieve sustained suppression of viral replication as measured by
the plasma HIV-1 RNA assay, in the hopes of achieving prolonged remission
of the disease. However, until recently, many drug combinations have not led
to sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA.Objective.—
To compare the virologic effects of various combinations of nevirapine,
didanosine, and zidovudine.Design.—
Double-blind, controlled, randomized trial.Setting.—
University-affiliated ambulatory research clinics in Italy, the Netherlands,
Canada, and Australia (INCAS).Patients.—
Antiretroviral therapy–naive adults free of the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome with CD4 cell counts between 0.20 and 0.60×109/L
(200-600/µL).Intervention.—
Patients received zidovudine plus nevirapine (plus didanosine placebo),
zidovudine plus didanosine (plus nevirapine placebo), or zidovudine plus didanosine
plus nevirapine.Main Outcome Measure.—
Plasma HIV-1 RNA.Results.—
Of the 153 enrolled patients, 151 were evaluable. At week 8, plasma
HIV-1 RNA levels had decreased by log 2.18, 1.55, and 0.90 in the triple drug
therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and zidovudine plus nevirapine groups,
respectively (P<.05). The proportions of patients
with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 20 copies per milliliter at week 52 were
51%, 12%, and 0% in the triple drug therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and
zidovudine plus nevirapine groups, respectively (P<.001).
Viral amplification was attempted in 59 patients at 6 months. Viral isolation
was unsuccessful in 19 (79%) of 24, 10 (53%) of 19, and 5 (31%) of 16 patients
in the triple drug therapy, zidovudine plus didanosine, and zidovudine plus
nevirapine groups, respectively. Among patients from whom virus could be amplified,
resistance to nevirapine was found in all 11 patients receiving zidovudine
plus nevirapine and in all 5 patients receiving triple drug therapy. Rates
of disease progression or death were 23% (11/47), 25% (13/53), and 12% (6/51)
for the zidovudine plus nevirapine, zidovudine plus didanosine, and triple
drug therapy groups, respectively (P=.08).Conclusions.—
Triple drug therapy with zidovudine, didanosine, and nevirapine led
to a substantially greater and sustained decrease in plasma viral load than
the 2-drug regimens studied. Our results also suggest that suppression of
viral replication, as demonstrated by a decrease in the plasma HIV-1 RNA load
below the level of quantitation of the most sensitive test available, may
at least forestall the development of resistance.
Figures in this Article
NEVIRAPINE, a potent and selective noncompetitive inhibitor of the reverse
transcriptase enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), belongs
to the class of antiretroviral compounds referred to as nonnucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors.1- 2 Nevirapine
has a wide distribution throughout body tissues, including the central nervous
system.3- 5 Nevirapine
has at least an additive in vitro antiviral effect with zidovudine, didanosine,
and lamivudine, regardless of prior zidovudine exposure.6
Early clinical experience with nevirapine monotherapy demonstrated a
substantial but transient decline of serum p24 antigen levels.7- 8
The loss of nevirapine activity was temporally associated with the emergence
of drug resistance.9 Similar transient benefits
were demonstrated when zidovudine and nevirapine were used in an alternating
schedule.10 Administration of nevirapine in
combination with zidovudine alone or zidovudine plus didanosine in previously
treated patients led to a substantial improvement in the magnitude and durability
of the antiviral response.11- 12
Nevertheless, the responses waned over time. Of note, the response seen with
the triple drug therapy regimen was more durable, remaining beyond 1 year,
particularly among patients with limited prior drug exposure.12
We hypothesized that a more vigorous suppression of viral replication
could prevent or delay the emergence of nevirapine resistance and ultimately
prolong the effect of treatment. We therefore undertook the present study
to compare the virologic and immunologic effects of various combinations of
nevirapine, didanosine, and zidovudine among antiretroviral therapy–naive,
HIV-1–infected patients free of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS).
Videos are an important component of many AIDS prevention programs. This study evaluates the impact of the video 'People Like Us' on university students. Three analyses were conducted. First, scores on the AIDS Opinion Survey were compared between an intervention group (n=110) that completed the survey after viewing the video and a control group (n=121) that did not see the video. Intervention subjects had a significantly greater fear of AIDS and perceived risk of contracting AIDS than did controls. In the second analysis, a separate sample of students (n=94) completed the AIDS Opinion Survey before and after viewing the video. After viewing the video, subjects had significantly greater fear of AIDS and perceived risk of contracting AIDS than before viewing the video. In the third analysis, subjects (n=110) who had viewed the video used a free response questionnaire and checklist of safer sex behaviours to indicate those behaviours they intended to adopt as a result of seeing the video. Among the findings were that 56% reported that they intend to use condoms in the future, 55% intend to talk to their partner about safer sex, and 28% reported that they would get an HIV test as a result of seeing the video. The results suggest that the video 'People Like Us' is an effective tool for promoting safer sex within AIDS prevention programs.
Background: As many as one in three HIV-positive people continue unprotected sexual practices after learning that they are HIV infected. This article reports the outcomes of a theory-based intervention to reduce risk of HIV transmission for people living with HIV infection.Methods: Men (n=233) and women (n=99) living with HIV-AIDS were randomly assigned to receive either (1) a five-session group intervention focused on strategies for practicing safer sexual behavior, or (2) a five-session, contact-matched, health-maintenance support group (standard-of-care comparison). Participants were followed for 6 months post-intervention.Results: The intervention to reduce risk of HIV transmission resulted in significantly less unprotected intercourse and greater condom use at follow-up. Transmission-risk behaviors with non-HIV-positive sexual partners and estimated HIV transmission rates over a 1-year horizon were also significantly lower for the behavioral risk-reduction intervention group.Conclusions: This study is among the first to demonstrate successful HIV-transmission risk reduction resulting from a behavioral intervention tailored for HIV-positive men and women.
This book is written for psychologists, social workers, nurses, physicians, counselors, and others who work with AIDS [acquired immune deficiency syndrome] patients.
The aims of this book are to familiarize mental health, social service, and counseling professionals in practice or in training with information about AIDS and its risk behaviors; to review behavior-change methods for the primary prevention of HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] infection for individual clients, for groups, or at a community level; to discuss psychological and social difficulties experienced by persons with AIDS and HIV infection; and to outline clinical interventions that can help to alleviate some of these difficulties. . . . Where gaps in research on prevention and intervention exist—and there are clearly many gaps—the authors have attempted to incorporate strategies from many other areas of the behavior-change/prevention, behavioral medicine, and illness-coping literature that are also relevant to AIDS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Assessed the extent to which college students believe that knowing their partner well eliminates the need to practice safer sex, and measured the relationship between such beliefs and the performance of necessary safer sexual practices, such as using condoms during sexual intercourse. 157 male and 168 female undergraduate students were measured on AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, behavioral skills, and levels of AIDS risk behavior. Endorsement of beliefs that partner knowledge made safer sex unnecessary was common, and agreement with these beliefs correlated significantly and negatively with levels of AIDS preventive behaviors, especially among women. Ss who believed that partner knowledge was a sufficient condition for unprotected sex were less likely to use condoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)