No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Abstract
This paper consolidates the state of academic research on "innovation". Based on a systematic review of literature published over the past 27 years, we synthesize various research perspectives into a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework of organizational innovation - linking leadership, innovation as a process, and innovation as an outcome. We also suggest measures of determinants of organizational innovation and present implications for both research and managerial practice. Copyright (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.
... Firms that effectively allocate, diversify, reallocate, and cultivate a culture of innovation through their resource management practices are better positioned to develop and implement innovative ideas (Barney, 1991, Hitt et al., 2011. By understanding the interplay between strategic resource management and innovation, organizations can enhance their competitive edge in an ever-evolving business landscape (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Focusing on resource allocation, organizations should also establish clear mechanisms for prioritizing and monitoring resource usage. ...
... Strategic resource management may involve cross-functional collaboration, which can bring diverse perspectives and expertise together. This collaborative approach is often associated with higher levels of innovation (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Therefore, the following hypothesis is proposed: ...
Purpose- This firm-level study is based on a primary survey of 235 key informants from the manufacturing and service organizations of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the State of Punjab, India. It empirically tests the relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach- The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, using a purposive sampling technique to gather data from firms. We utilized a self-designed, undisguised questionnaire for data collection. Findings- The study reveals a strong relationship between strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage. It suggests that practicing managers should simultaneously adopt opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking behaviors for gaining a competitive advantage. Originality- The study contributes to strategic management literature by developing and validating a scale for strategic entrepreneurship and establishing its positive relationship with competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications- The findings of the study can guide researchers and practitioners in strategic entrepreneurship to understand its role in gaining sustainable competitive advantage. Future researchers can build on the findings of this study for a richer understanding of strategic entrepreneurship and its role in competitive advantage.
... How then might practitioners, policymakers and advocates of co-design in policymaking work to elevate it from an emerging to an embedded practice? In this regard, we suggest much useful work could be done, drawing inspiration from what we know about innovation in organisations (Mohr, 1969;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010) and the strategies that policy entrepreneurs deploy to prompt and drive dynamic change (Mintrom, 2019). Precedent for this claim has been documented in histories of the emergence of regulatory practice (McCraw, 1986), the evolution of policy analysis in government (Radin 2013), and the application of design practice in industrial settings (Johansson-Sköldberg et al., 2013). ...
... But they are necessary if codesign is to become embedded in policymaking whenever policy choices will hold significant implications for the experiences of citizens. We can also see that work along these lines is consistent with the pursuit of innovation in organisations (Mohr, 1969;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). That is important, because embedding co-design as a practice means promoting innovation in governmental policymaking processes. ...
Over the past decade, a range of efforts have been made to incorporate practices drawn from industrial and participatory design into elements of the public policymaking process. Our interest lies in the field of co-design in policymaking. This emerging field has seen considerable emphasis placed on informing policy development with knowledge and insights from those living with specific problems and existing policy settings. Following the extant literature, we define co-design in policymaking as a participatory and design-oriented process which creatively and actively engages a diverse pool of participants to define and address a public problem. Evidence to date suggests co-design in policymaking can be especially useful in broadening participation in policy development, encouraging creative speculation about how policy choices might shape future outcomes, and prototyping policy approaches to assess their feasibility and desirability. But evidence continues to emerge regarding the barriers in many public sector settings that preclude co-design practice from greater engagement with – and influence upon – long-established, tightly-held processes of policy development. Through critical assessment of existing literature, we summarise the current state of co-design in policymaking. We then suggest promising ways policy practitioners and researchers could contribute to making co-design an embedded practice in policymaking, well-used and well-recognised for the unique contributions it can make to policy development.
... It is well known that NPD assists companies in adapting to the changing market environment and their clientele's prevalent demands to stay in business [27], [28], [29]. INP emphasizes the commercialization of creative thought, enhancing processes and efficiencies [30], [31], [32]. IRD shows the commitment of the organization into growth and improvements in technology because constant funding of R&D supports advancement of both incremental and outrageous innovations [4], [33]. ...
... This supports research showing that adaptive cultures enhance innovation and competitiveness in dynamic markets [4], [21]. A culture promoting openness, experimentation, and engagement creates an environment ripe for innovation [30], [32]. By fostering these values, organizations empower employees to generate and implement new ideas, strengthening innovation capabilities [23], [25]. ...
In today's rapidly evolving digital era,
organizations face the critical challenge of sustaining a
competitive advantage. This study investigates the role of digital
leadership, hybrid work models, organizational culture, and
innovation in fostering competitive advantage. Using data from
200 respondents in the technology sector, SEM-PLS was applied
to analyze the relationships between these variables. The
findings demonstrate that digital leadership significantly
influences organizational culture and innovation, driving agility
and responsiveness in a fast-changing business landscape.
Hybrid work models, by enhancing flexibility and employee
autonomy, positively affect organizational culture and directly
contribute to competitive advantage. Furthermore, a strong
organizational culture fosters innovation, which plays a pivotal
role in maintaining and strengthening competitive advantage.
The study underscores the importance of cultivating an
innovation-driven culture to adapt to technological changes and
customer demands. These insights contribute to the literature
on digital transformation and offer practical implications for
managers seeking to implement hybrid work models and foster
a culture that supports innovation, employee engagement, and
long-term success. Future research is encouraged to explore
these relationships across other industries, assess additional
variables such as employee productivity, job satisfaction, and
their impact on sustainable competitive advantage.
... Innovation is a strategic asset for organizations seeking to enhance performance by adapting to change, improving efficiency, building reputation, and generating financial gains (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). María Ruiz-Jiménez and del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes (2013), along with Chaganti and Damanpour (1991), support the notion that innovation is crucial for achieving competitive advantage and improving organizational effectiveness. ...
... The results of this research align with previous studies, confirming the strong link between innovation and the success of a company (Bowen et al., 2010;Calantone & Vickery, 2010;María Ruiz-Jiménez & del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, 2013;Odumeru & Ogbonna, 2013). Innovation serves as a primary catalyst for organizational success, influencing performance through adaptation, efficiency, competitiveness, and financial rewards (Chaganti & Damanpour, 1991;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Damanpour et al., 2009). ...
... IC theories underline the importance of innovation in enhancing organisational prowess and competitiveness. However, innovation literature has generally focused on investigating how an organisation can adopt technological innovation (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Many studies have recognised HC as a critical factor in organisational performance (Gimeno et al., 1997). ...
... A semi-structured approach was chosen, because it allows for data synthesis and literature mapping of a specific research area (Baron and Kenny, 1986;Crossan and Apaydin, 2010;Marsh et al., 2013). The effect of an independent variable (X) on a dependent variable (Y) can be significant when a moderator (M) is used. ...
Purpose
This study measures the relationship between human capital and innovative literacy from the perspective of intellectual capital. For this purpose, the relationship between human capital and innovative literacy was first investigated to measure intellectual capital. Subsequently, the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the influence of innovative literacy on human capital was also analysed.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyses the relationship between innovative literacy, human capital and entrepreneurial orientation through structural equation modelling – the study sample comprised 457 participants in Türkiye.
Findings
The results suggest a positive relationship between human capital, a sub-component of intellectual capital and innovative literacy. Innovative literacy can influence intellectual capital and increase value. Our finding further confirms that entrepreneurial orientation has no moderating effect on the same relationship.
Research limitations/implications
Despite the observed correlation between IL and HC growth, this study had some limitations. First, the generalisability of the findings is limited because the sample was selected from individuals with a high level of education in Türkiye. Despite these limitations, this study has important theoretical and practical implications for developing countries. Türkiye is a developing country, and the selected sample is the most critical database in the country for an Innovative Literacy Scale. However, future research could focus on whether there is a potential source of bias and collect and compare data from heterogeneous workers. In addition, research on existing research frameworks in other countries may consider varying levels of education and business sectors. This research aims to be a pioneering initiative towards the advancement of IL. The question of whether IL should be considered equivalent to or a subset of HC, which has been previously proposed as a dimension of IC, can be clarified through a thorough examination of what IL means.
Practical implications
In a theoretical framework, transforming human capital into value through innovations derived from innovative literacy activities will significantly increase the company's intellectual capital. Organizations in which innovative literacy play an important role achieve organizational goals, strengthen commitment and contribute to sustainability through the emergence of new potential innovative individuals. This research also contributes significantly to the existing literature. Initially regarding theoretical implications, this study examines the concept of innovative literacy in the existing literature on intellectual capital, human capital and entrepreneurial orientation. Additionally, this study offers a new perspective on intellectual capital.
Social implications
The findings of this research also provide managerial outcomes. Initially, the assessment of concepts, research and development capabilities and efficient knowledge management are indicators of innovative literacy proficiency at the individual level. Human capital is a subcomponent of intellectual capital and refers to knowledge, skills and experience. Innovative and literate team members should be developed in order to strengthen the intellectual capital structure of an organization.
Originality/value
This study contributes to understanding innovative literacy from an intellectual capital perspective using the Innovative Literacy Scale to reveal important dimensions that influence innovative literacy. Using a measurement tool with new sub-dimensions not included in the extant literature on intellectual capital is unique. This study suggests that scholars should include innovative literacy – a distinct subset of intellectual capital – in their body of knowledge on human capital. Our findings have the potential to help meet the needs of human resource departments, researchers, educational institutions, public institutions and enterprises.
... Since Christensen first proposed the concept of disruptive innovation [3], researchers have studied the connotation [4,5], influencing factors [6,7], and pathways [8,9] of disruptive innovation based on traditional innovation management theories. However, as modern society enters the digital economy era [10], digital technology has subverted the assumptions of many original innovation theories. ...
... To investigate the role that dynamic capabilities play as a mediator between disruptive innovation and cumulative affordance as well as variant affordance, this study constructs Equations (5)- (7). DC stands for dynamic capability. ...
In the context of increasingly fierce global competition, utilizing digital technology to realize disruptive innovation is an effective way for enterprises to gain access to the mainstream market and form long-term competitive advantages. From the perspective of affordance, this study classifies digital technology affordance into cumulative affordance and variant affordance and explores the influence mechanism of digital technology affordance on enterprise disruptive innovation according to three core innovation phases: “fuzzy front-end–development–commercialization”. Based on 241 data points from different industries and types of enterprises, this empirical study found that (1) cumulative affordance and variant affordance have a significant positive impact on disruptive innovation and its “fuzzy front-end—development—commercialization” phases; (2) dynamic capabilities play a mediating role between digital technology affordance and disruptive innovation; and (3) the three aspects of dynamic capabilities—sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring—are greatly enhanced by cumulative affordance and variable affordance. These findings contribute to the research on the relationship between digital technology affordance and disruptive innovation and provide a micro-level perspective on how firms realize disruptive innovation through digital technology affordance.
... Schumpeter initially highlighted its essence as introducing novelty by transforming how things are done within the organizational ambit, spanning product creation, operational methods, and business frameworks. [28] Crossan and Apaydin [29] amplified the concept, presenting innovation as the crafting, embracing, internalizing, and leveraging of novel, value-driven changes, viewing it as both a journey and its culmination. In a similar vein, Alves et al. [30] drawing inspiration from Damanpour [31] and Hamel, [32] posited that organizational innovation is the metamorphosis of managerial dynamics, frameworks, and connections. ...
... ①technological advance in industry has complexity. The process of industrial technological progress is accompanied by such complexity features as nonlinearity, interaction, trajectory, emergence and system embedded system, which is specifically manifested in the structural diversity and hierarchical diversity of industrial technology [33], and the more complex industrial technology, the more the need for companies to increase the demand for labour employment in complex technology to adapt to it; and at the same time may also reduce or eliminate the demand for the original simple technology jobs; ②Industrial technological progress is divisible and systematic.technological advance in industry makes the division of labour continue to refine and deepen, driven by factor decomposition, craft decomposition, process decomposition, industrial technology in a link can even be divided into a number of small segments, a large number of intermediate products, technological advance in industry makes industrial technology divisibility is greatly enhanced, and promote vertical separation. ...
Technological advance in industry has complexity, divisibility, systematicity and market selectivity, and companies may generate technological investment expansion and form technological job demand, which may also lead to the occupation of company resources and trigger the replacement of the original jobs. This paper empirically examines the impact of technological advance in industry on the labour employment demand of companies by taking Chinese A-share listed companies as research samples from 2008 to 2022, and finds that: overall technological advance in industry has a suppressive effect on the labour employment demand of companies; The heterogeneity test shows that industrial technological advancement mainly produces inhibitory effects on the labour employment of low-education level employees and production sectors, while it produces incentive effects on the labour employment of high-education level employees and non-production sectors Industrial technological advancement mainly produces job substitution and destructive effects on the labour employment of low-education level employees and production sectors, while it produces incentive effects on the labour employment of high-education level employees and non-production sectors. Mechanism test shows that industrial technological advancement has incentive effects such as technology investment expansion effect and industry chain conduction effect, and also produces inhibitory effects such as enterprise resource occupation effect and employment delay effect. This paper extends the research on the impact of industrial technological advances on the labour employment demand of companies, and provides empirical evidence and policy insights for rationally arranging industrial structural transformation and labour employment decisions of companies in the context of ‘stable employment’.
... It has been argued that IC is associated with features such as team cohesion, supervisor support and autonomy, which drive employees' IWB (S€ onmez and Yıldırım, 2019). Also, despite extant literature arguing in favor of the positive role the leader has in stimulating IWB Shailja et al., 2023), inconsistencies in the empirical results on the relationship between leadership and innovativeness still exists (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010;Uhl-Bien and Arena, 2018). Given these inconclusive results, scholars often question the basic SL-IWB relationship and present a call for consideration of explanatory mechanisms (via what mediators) and under what boundary conditions (in the presence of what moderators) servant leaders might promote IWB . ...
Purpose
Drawing from the social exchange theory and leadership-making model, this study aimed to develop a research model where innovation climate (IC) mediates the servant leadership (SL) influence on innovative work behavior (IWB).
Design/methodology/approach
Through structural equation modeling, we evaluated the aforementioned links using data gathered from 324 employees drawn from Uganda’s local government (LG) employees.
Findings
The findings show that the impact of SL on IWB is mediated by IC. An IC within the organization is made possible by effective SL ethos; moreover, this climate promotes IWB. Also, the innovative nature of LG employees promotes IWB.
Research limitations/implications
LG leadership ought to be committed to the SL philosophy since it fosters an environment that encourages IWB. To spark IWB, it should also take advantage of the innovative environment. Management must make sure that in such a setting, supervisors are construed as servant leaders and low cadre staff have the capacity to be servant leaders. Employees will be more motivated to contribute to the organization by engaging in high IWB once they have received the training, empowerment and rewards they deserve in a setting that emphasizes effective SL principles.
Originality/value
Despite the existence of numerous studies, there is little empirical evidence that SL influences IWB within the setting of the LG sector. Evidence for the underlying mechanism by which SL promotes IWB is still lacking. Third, we explicitly test the IWB model developed based on euro-leaning theories using the LG context. Finally, there is a dearth of data relevant to how IC affects IWB. The research addresses these gaps.
... This result aligns with studies by Teece et al, Wang and Ahmed (2007) [32] , Gibson and Birkinshaw (2004) [16] , O'Reilly and Tushman (2008) [22] , and Doz and Kosonen (2010) [10] . [15] , Lawson and Samson (2001) [21] , and Crossan and Apaydin (2010) [9] . Hypothesis H8: Innovative capability has a positive impact on business performance in enterprises in Binh Duong Province. ...
This study examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities and business performance, mediated by business model innovation, focusing on enterprises in Binh Duong province. Grounded in the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities, the research emphasizes key elements such as absorptive capability, technological capability, adaptive capability, innovative capability, and knowledge management capability. The research employs a qualitative methodology, including literature review and expert interviews. Findings reveal that dynamic capabilities not only have a direct impact on business model innovation but also indirectly enhance business performance. Consequently, the study underscores the critical role of developing dynamic capabilities to help enterprises sustain competitive advantage and achieve sustainable growth in a rapidly changing business environment.
... While the former sees the farm as a targeted system, providing a checklist of the aspects of the business that should be of concern for management, the latter also encompasses planning, organization and control strategies using economic principles and administrative procedures. On the other hand, analyzing the farm's ability to innovate, it is correlated with performance, so innovation is a facilitator within management processes (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). ...
The recent changes in technological innovations in agriculture in the last decades are radically changing the paradigm of traditional cultivation techniques and these have already been the subject of research for some time. The present study aims to review the new trends of digital technologies adoption in precision agriculture. Starting from theoretical study models such as the Agriculture Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS), the Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) and the new modeling of the Farm Management Information System (FMIS), a review was carried out with the aim of identifying emerging adoption drivers for the implementation of precision agriculture technologies. To do this, 19 papers were analyzed in the period 2018-2021 that included empirical investigations. The results of the survey confirm the new adoption trends where, in addition to the size of the agricultural company, the geographical position and the financial resources, sociodemographic factors are included and above all the new emerging trend linked to environmental benefits.
... Innovation refers to the set of activities that result in new products, processes, and organizations (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Prior research shows that CSR initiatives motivate family firms to adopt eco-friendly technologies and processes to develop eco-products. ...
Although corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received considerable attention in family firms, empirical findings on the CSR/family firm performance nexus are mixed and inconsistent. This meta‐analytic review aims to clarify the mixed results by establishing the degree to which CSR influences family firm performance and to test the moderating effects of contextual and methodological factors. Integrating a sample of 85 studies published up to May 2023 with 152,265 observations and employing a psychometric meta‐analysis through bivariate and meta‐regression analyses, we find that the average effect of CSR on family firm performance is positive, though small (≤0.20). Our study further reveals that CSR is positively and significantly related to financial performance, innovation, reputation, and sustainability, but the impact on firm sustainability is the largest. Our moderation analysis shows that the relationship between CSR and family firm performance is moderated by contextual factors (i.e., family ownership concentration, firm size, stock exchange listing, culture, and rule of law) and methodological factors (i.e., publication type, data type, performance proxy, and study type). Theoretically, our study appears to be the foremost meta‐analytic review on the CSR/family firm performance relationship, as previous meta‐analyses have focused on the drivers of CSR in family firms. Practically, we demonstrate that family firms can leverage CSR as both a “failure‐prevention” strategy (i.e., survival strategy) and a “success‐inducing” strategy (competitive advantage).
... Thus, the academic discussion revolves around the dynamic capacity for innovation in SMEs. Crossan and Apaydin [27] refer to a multidimensional framework of organizational innovation, linking leadership, innovation and improved performance results. However, in the extensive review on this topic, most references are focused on innovation and not on the importance of dynamic innovation capability in SMEs [28]. ...
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to analyze how the dynamic capacity for innovation mediates the relationship between the managerial skills and organizational performance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) located in the department of Caquetá.
Methods
The hypotheses are statistically tested via structural equation modeling (SEM), where the dynamic capacity for innovation mediates the relationship between the managerial skills and organizational performance of MSMEs located in the department of Caquetá, with a cross-sectional sample of 496 MSMEs.
Results
The results indicate that the relationship between managerial skills and organizational performance is mediated by the dynamic capacity for innovation of the MSMEs of the department of Caquetá, Colombia. In addition, the robust adjustment values obtained for this model are an RMSEA of 0.044 and a CFI of 0.862. Both values meet the requirements to conclude that the model has a good fit and is therefore reliable.
Conclusions
This study shows that managers, administrators or legal representatives use the constructs presented in this publication. In addition, it is shown that the dynamic capacity for innovation mediates the relationship between managerial skills and the organizational performance of MSMEs located in the department of Caquetá, Colombia.
... The study conducted a systematic review to answer the research questions with the focus on providing impartial interpretation and synthesis of the results. A systematic review entails the process of identifying, selecting and synthesising research studies to give a reliable and thorough representations of the topic being investigated (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Currently, there is little evidence that reveal results of content analysis of articles, reports and conferences can inform curriculum development. ...
The perennial issue of graduate employability remains topical in today’s turbulent labour market environment. Most graduates bear the brunt of unemployment especially in developing countries. Most qualifications offered by higher education institutions specifically focus on technical skills. With the unremitting demands of soft skills in the corporate world, there is a widespread concern and transcending need for the redesign of the curriculum to inculcate the soft skills. In dynamic environment, the tertiary institutions are required to produce highly competent graduates to bode well and meet the relentless demands of South African economy. An avalanche of diversification, globalisation, internationalisation of workplaces has a strong bearing on skill sets employees are expected to possess in South Africa. Against this backdrop, the study sought to investigate soft skills that can be inculcated into the South African’s Tertiary Institutions curriculum to improve graduate employability. Using systematic review method, a total of 85 peer reviewed articles were considered as final studies for review to achieve the primary objective of this paper. From the content analysis, the findings revealed several soft skills. The paper also gave directions on how soft skills can be embedded into the university curricula to prepare graduates for the world of work.
... The evaluation of scientific literature requires the use of analytical review strategies [52]. Systematic reviews are crucial to broadening our understanding, consolidating information and identifying new research directions [53,54]. ...
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize promoting and protecting women's rights and privileges. As a result, an increasing body of academic literature describes the various actions taken by different stakeholders to empower women. Amongst the initiatives implemented in many nations, microfinance and financial inclusion programs play a major role. This article aims to present an overview and synthesis of the research on the notion and practices of microfinance and its influence on entrepreneur women's empowerment. In order to do so, this study uses bibliometric techniques over a selection of papers extracted from the Web of Science database, to disentangle the knowledge structure of this academic field. According to our findings, the study of microfinance and women's empowerment is growing, with 470 publications, 963 authors, 67 nations and 36 research areas. Research topics include poverty reduction, gender issues in entrepreneurship, microfinance and women empowerment, and women in microcredit. An additional bibliographic coupling analysis has revealed the hottest research topics, showing the main gaps in the literature that suggest potential directions for future research.
... The research question also enables the synthesis of theoretical insights into the SRM framework, enhancing methodological rigor and knowledge consistency, while providing both comprehensive knowledge and a roadmap for future research endeavors (Macpherson and Holt, 2007). Transparency in protocols and replicability of processes reinforce the review's quality (Tranfield et al., 2003;Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Performing a systematic review usually consists of three key stages: review planning, execution and reporting (Tranfield et al., 2003). ...
Purpose
This article aims to systematically review the fragmented but increasingly relevant research field of customer retention management in subscription scenarios, proposing the subscriber retention management framework for retention management in subscription settings and directing future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors systematically reviewed 1,295 articles to offer a comprehensive, unbiased overview on customer retention management in subscription-based services. From 122 selected articles, the authors conducted a descriptive analysis, conceptualized key insights into a novel framework and recognized research gaps.
Findings
Among 122 articles, 111 focus on private customers across various service sectors, while lacking reflection on new digital industries, reactive retention and the corporate context. The conceptualization of results merges existing insights into seven dimensions, encompassing strategic and tactical aspects and the interplay of controllable and uncontrollable factors. The authors also outline 12 emerging research directions.
Research limitations/implications
Given the extensive body of literature, the authors were unable to delve into detailed explanations. The findings are limited to management science research sourced from Scopus, adhering to a rigorous filtering process. Sub-domains, such as reactive or business-to-business retention management, remain somewhat provisional due to little results.
Practical implications
A sustainable subscriber retention strategy hinges on: (1) integrating retention into business strategy, (2) adjusting acquisition and retention tactics to specific markets and (3) using a consistent retention marketing mix considering affective, calculative and habitual commitment factors.
Originality/value
The authors contribute with a first systematic review of subscription-specific retention management in a rapidly growing area. This results in a novel framework that broadens the understanding of subscriber retention and identifies research gaps.
... As innovation plays a significant role in determining an organization's success, several studies attempted to examine its antecedences (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Different studies found that organizational culture and organizational design are the most influential determinants . ...
The study determines how total quality management practices and good organizational culture will enhance operational performance in the banking sector in Ghana. The study is explanatory research design in nature. Taking the time frame of the study and the need to bring out a finding reasonable for generalization, the researcher selected a sample of 153. The findings of the study establish that total quality management has a positive and significant effect on service product innovation. Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on service product innovation. Service product innovation has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Organizational culture has a positive but insignificant effect on firm performance. Total quality management has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. The study further revealed that service product innovation positively and significantly mediates the relationship between total quality management and firm performance. The study finally assessed the mediating effect of service product innovation on the relationship between organizational culture and firm performance and the findings of the study indicate that service product innovation positively and significantly mediates the relationship between organizational culture and firm performance. How Total Quality Management practices and good organizational culture influence operational performance in the banking sector in Ghana.
... This structured process reduces the subjectivity inherent in traditional literature reviews, thus enhancing robustness and rigor (Tatli & Özbilgin, 2012). Following standard practice, we focused on leading peer-reviewed management journals, given their proven centrality, rigor, and impact on management scholarship (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Parmigiani & King, 2019). We searched the Web of Science database for papers published until December 2023 using search strings related to B2B platforms. ...
... Innovation is considered a crucial strategic resource, as it can be uniquely and effectively leveraged by firms with the requisite skills, knowledge, and a culture oriented toward innovation (Crossan and Apaydin 2010). Innovation capabilities not only lead to the development of new products and services but also enhance internal processes and organizational structures, creating barriers for competitors and contributing to sustained competitive advantage (Ferreira et al. 2020). ...
The business behavior towards innovation and its impact on the creation of new jobs of 113 firms in the Valencian Community (Spain) were analyzed between 2014 and 2020. The sample included manufacturing, services and trading enterprises; technological and non-technological companies; micro-, small, medium, and large enterprises; and locations across the entire geographical extent of the Valencian Community. The firms were divided into quartiles based on their level of employment growth, linearly correlating this variable with 14 innovation indicators for each of the resulting four groups, reflecting the innovative capacity of these firms. It was found that the factor linked to innovation capacity that most favors or drives business employment creation is cooperation with other companies, as it had a direct and significant relationship with the two highest growth groups (quartiles 4 and 3), with no negative relationship with either of the two lower growth groups (quartiles 2 and 1). This suggests that the public administration should increase efforts to create spaces for the exchange of ideas between companies and organizations to reduce unemployment levels. Overall, this study provides new insights into the subject, and its findings lead to the conclusion that firms with higher innovative capacity create more jobs.
Using a theoretical framework based on signaling theory, the purpose of this study is to explore the spectrum of HPWP (high-performance work practices) that induce personnel to engage in innovative work behavior; it also explores the influence of HPWP on employee IWP (employee innovative behavior) and develops the mediation role of perceived organizational support. In order to improve IWB in five-star hotels, this study is primarily developed as a quantitative investigation based on the positivistic paradigm. Its goal is to uncover the wonders of high-performance work practices. Primary data was gathered by disseminating a self-administered questionnaire via Google Docs complemented by a self-generated Excel sheet. The study's sample is derived from five-star hotels in Pakistan's four major cities: Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Multan. We used SEM bootstrapping and correlation analysis on 365 responses. The findings demonstrated a strong relationship between innovative work behaviors and high-performance work practices among employees in five-star hotels. Furthermore, a mediator between high-performance work practices and innovative behaviors is perceived organizational support that should be given due weightage to benefit human resources.
Patient engagement has emerged as an important element in healthcare, shifting patients from passive recipients to active contributors in their care. While its benefits for health outcomes are well-documented, its impact on healthcare organizations’ efficiency remains underexplored. This chapter presents a systematic review of the literature, synthesizing current research on patient engagement strategies and their organizational implications. By examining diverse approaches, such as digital tools, shared decision-making, and patient education, the review highlights gaps in understanding the broader impact of engagement on process efficiency. It also identifies key research streams, main theoretical perspectives, and practical strategies. The findings provide insights and a roadmap for future research to optimize patient engagement in healthcare organizations.
Contemporary organizations increasingly embrace multiple identities, but such hybridity may fuel innovation. This research examines communicative drivers of organizational hybridity (i.e., network, community, and institutional) and how plural organizational identities relate to the creation of novel ideas. Research composed of survey, archival, and expert evaluation data from 293 U.S. nonprofits highlights the influence of institutional factors on the development of hybrid social-business organizational identities. Moreover, the availability of charitable donations in the local community and institutional demands from the market are positively related to an organization’s innovativeness orientation and/or social innovation novelty, and the nonprofit commercialization environment of the local community is also positively related to social innovation novelty. Findings suggest nonprofit and business orientations are not necessarily contradictory, and that organizations can realize innovation through blending dual identities. This study advances research on hybrid organizing, organizational identity, and social innovation and offers implications for leveraging hybrid identities for social impact.
Prior research on the governance of project-based organizations has centered on the efficiency problem: on compliance, control, and a concern for doing things right. Less research has addressed the creativity problem: how governance practices spur novel thinking, idea generation, and innovation. We discern four governance archetypes for addressing the creativity problem along two creativity dimensions: creativity locus and creativity orientation. These archetypes are exemplified by case illustrations from four firms, highlighting key differences in how project-based organizations address the creativity problem. We present an agenda for future research emphasizing the need for comparative and longitudinal studies.
Purpose
Digital innovation requires organizations to reconfigure their information technology infrastructure (ITI) to cultivate creativity and implement fast experimentation. This research inquiries into ITI generativity, an emerging concept demoting a critical ITI capability for organizational digital innovation. More specifically, it conceptualizes ITI generativity across two dimensions—namely, systems and applications infrastructure (SAI) generativity and data analytics infrastructure (DAI) generativity—and examines their respective social and technical antecedents and their impact on digital innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
This research formulates a theoretical model to investigate the social and technical antecedents along with innovation outcomes of ITI generativity. To test this model and its associated hypotheses, a survey was administered to IT professionals possessing knowledge of their organization's IT architecture and digital innovation performance. The dataset, comprising responses from 140 organizations, was analyzed using the partial least squares technique.
Findings
Results reveal that both dimensions of ITI generativity contribute to digital innovation performance, with the effect of DAI generativity being more pronounced. In addition, SAI and DAI generativities are driven by social and technical factors within an organization. More specifically, SAI generativity is positively associated with the usage of a digital application services platform and IT human resources, whereas DAI generativity is positively linked to the usage of a data analytics services platform, data analytics services usability and data analytics human resources.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature on digital innovation by introducing ITI generativity as a crucial ITI capability and deciphering its role in digital innovation. It also offers useful insights and guidance for practitioners on how to build ITIs to achieve better digital innovation performance.
A Revisão Sistemática de Literatura é uma técnica essencial na comunidade científica, especialmente devido ao rigor metodológico e ao aumento do volume de dados. No entanto, os pesquisadores enfrentam desafios como a criação de protocolos, a seleção de bases de dados, a construção de strings de busca eficientes e a padronização da qualidade dos dados. Este artigo relata a aplicação de Design Thinking, métodos ágeis e Design Centrado no Usuário na criação de uma solução inovadora para superar esses desafios. O estudo descritivo e qualitativo investigou fatores-chave para orientar o desenvolvimento do RSL String Builder, um protótipo que automatiza a criação de strings de busca e integra bases como Scopus, IEEE e ACM Digital Library. O RSL String Builder busca simplificar o processo de busca, melhorando a qualidade e a eficiência da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, atendendo às necessidades reais dos pesquisadores. Com esta contribuição, buscamos aprimorar a eficiência da RSL e promover sua adoção na comunidade científica.
Zusammenfassung
Das Hauptziel dieses Kapitels besteht darin, relevante Veröffentlichungen für die vorliegende Arbeit zu sammeln und zu interpretieren. Die daraus erhaltenen und überprüften Erkenntnisse liefern auf der einen Seite einen Beitrag zum Theoriebildungsprozess, der dazu führt, in Abschnitt 4.2 und 4.3 die Forschungslücke sowie die Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes zu begründen, und darauf aufbauend auf der anderen Seite den konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen im fünften Kapitel zu entwickeln.
Zusammenfassung
Basierend auf den in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln gewonnenen Erkenntnissen widmet sich das vierte Kapitel in einem ersten Schritt der Problemstellung und der Forschungslücke (Abschnitt 4.2) und im zweiten Schritt der Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes (Abschnitt 4.3).
Zusammenfassung
Das sechste Kapitel dieser Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die methodische Vorgehensweise der empirischen Untersuchung.
Zusammenfassung
Basierend auf den theoretischen Grundlagen im dritten Kapitel und der daraus abgeleiteten Forschungslücke in Abschnitt 4.2, verfolgt das fünfte Kapitel das Ziel, anhand des abgegrenzt dargestellten Untersuchungsgegenstandes einen für diese Arbeit passenden konzeptionellen Bezugsrahmen zu entwickeln.
Zusammenfassung
Das siebte Kapitel dieser Dissertation zielt darauf ab, anhand der erzielten Ergebnisse aus der empirischen Untersuchung in Abschnitt 6.4 zunächst deren Wirkzusammenhänge darzustellen, um daraufhin den Bezugsrahmen plausibilisieren zu können. Darauf aufbauend wird ein Vorgehensmodell für Handelsunternehmen entwickelt, das die Schrittabfolge sowie die Implementierungsempfehlungen darlegt.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, ein für die Dissertation relevantes Grundverständnis des Forschungsfeldes zu erarbeiten.
Purpose
This study aims to identify key contributors, research themes, research gaps, and future directions in hospitality innovation by conducting bibliometric and content analyses of peer-reviewed articles in this field.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software on 2,698 peer-reviewed English-language articles retrieved from the Web of Science database, published between 1995 and 2023. Key contributors were identified based on publication volume, citation, and co-citation analysis. Co-occurrence analysis of index keywords and content analysis of influential articles were used to identify research themes.
Findings
The study identified four distinct research themes in hospitality innovation: (1) digital technology adoption primarily among customers, (2) innovation management within hospitality firms, focusing on knowledge management and eco-innovation, (3) service innovation primarily among employees, and (4) business model innovation involving multiple stakeholders. Additionally, the study determined key contributors, highlighted research gaps, and provided suggestions for future research directions.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a systematic and in-depth review of hospitality innovation research. It identifies key contributors, research themes, and potential gaps for future research, offering valuable insights for both industry practitioners and scholars.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo rastrear en las teorías más relevantes sobre el tema, los factores de innovación al nivel de equipos de trabajo que pueden ser estudiados empíricamente, para ello se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa de literatura usando la metodología de búsqueda y evaluación para inclusión. Como resultado, se construyó una clasificación coherente, fundada en la teoría, de los factores de Innovación que operan al nivel de equipos de trabajo para facilitar estudios en la vida real, que contribuyan a la falta de datos este tipo que ha sido reportada en la literatura.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the role of effectual logic as the basis of entrepreneurial action in path creation for influencing the performance of open innovation outcomes within the context of digital multi-sided platform (MSP) startups.
Design/methodology/approach
We utilize the PLS-SEM method with a sample of 70 Indonesian digital MSP startups that have implemented open innovation practices.
Findings
The empirical findings indicate a path creation between effectual logic and the open innovation process, particularly through the integration of absorptive capacity and crowds or communities management practices. Absorptive capacity development fosters incremental innovation, whereas crowds or communities management practices lead to radical innovation.
Originality/value
The research findings suggest that, despite limited resources and experience, young entrepreneurs can successfully implement an open innovation strategy for their digital MSP platforms by utilizing effectual logic principles, which capitalize on the external resources provided by digital platform ecosystem members.
This study adopted an interactional approach to understanding how 2 of the Five-Factor traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness, are related to creative behavior in the workplace. Openness to experience is theorized to result in high levels of creative behavior and conscientiousness is theorized to result in low levels of creative behavior when the situation allows for the manifestation of the trait influences. More specifically, the authors hypothesized that openness to experience would result in high levels of creative behavior if feedback valence were positive and job holders were presented with a heuristic task that allowed them to be creative. The authors also hypothesized that conscientiousness would result in low levels of creative behavior if supervisors engaged in close monitoring and coworkers were unsupportive. The authors tested their hypotheses in a sample of office workers, and 5 out of the 6 hypotheses were supported.
There's no need to state again the complexity of the problem of achieving high performance in the new product process. What we do need is a framework to help sort out the complexity, and that is what Eunsang Yoon and Gary Lilien provide in this article. They first differentiate between original and reformulated new products. Then they examine how patterns of R&D and marketing activities determine short and long‐run success.
At what level is new value created, or, put differently, what is the locus of knowledge? While knowledge and capabilities-based researchers argue that the locus of new value and knowledge lies at the firm level, we challenge this conceptualization and theoretically build toward more individualist foundations. We explicate the underlying philosophical assumptions of extant knowledge and capabilities-based work and discuss attributional problems. Nested (individual-level. a priori) heterogeneity may provide a better explanation of collective heterogeneity.
Better new product performance is important for the survival of the firm. Based on a three-dimensional performance space, 110 new products launched from 55 Australian firms are grouped into five performance clusters. Performance groups from ‘Stars’—the winning group to—‘Dogs’—the worst performance group. The five groups could be well explained by the impact constructs. ‘Stars’; did what one expects for winning projects (product advantage, homework, cross-functional team, reasonable risk level, etc.), ‘Dogs’ were identified as doing nearly everything wrong. The Australian results were tested against international findings and concurred fully. Managerial implications are detailed.
This book adopts a knowledge-based perspective that sees the firm as a store of knowledge resources and capabilities. The firm’s knowledge base includes the expertise and experience of individuals, the routine and processes that define the distinctive way of doing things inside the organization, as well as the knowledge of customer needs and supplier strengths. To the extent that the knowledge and capabilities are unique and difficult to imitate, they confer sustainable competitive advantage on the firm. Unlike traditional products, knowledge-based products and services can enjoy increasing returns, so the firm developing an early advantage has a better chance of growing market share through network externalities and customer familiarity effects.
There is much debate about the effect of institutional investors on firm innovation. This paper tests three competing hypotheses by including differences among institutions in their ability to influence firms. Results using an outcome-based measure of innovation indicate that institutions do not foster short-term orientation; instead they may influence firms to increase innovation.
Economists have long treated technological phenomena as events transpiring inside a black box and, on the whole, have adhered rather strictly to a self-imposed ordinance not to inquire too seriously into what transpires inside that box. The purpose of Professor Rosenberg's work is to break open and examine the contents of the black box. In so doing, a number of important economic problems be powerfully illuminated. The author clearly shows how specific features of individual technologies have shaped a number of variables of great concern to economists: the rate of productivity improvement, the nature of learning processes underlying technological change itself, the speed of technology transfer, and the effectiveness of government policies that are intended to influence technologies in particular ways. The separate chapters of this book reflect a primary concern with some of the distinctive aspects of industrial technologies in the twentieth century, such as the increasing reliance upon science, but also the considerable subtlety and complexity of the dialectic between science and technology. Other concerns include the rapid growth in the development of costs associated with new technologies as well as the difficulty of predicting the eventual performance characteristics of newly emerging technologies.
The present study is an attempt to identify the determinants of innovation in public agencies, i.e., the degree to which they adopt and emphasize programs that depart from traditional concerns. Innovation is suggested to be the function of an interaction among the motivation to innovate, the strength of obstacles against innovation, and the availability of resources for overcoming such obstacles.
The significance of the research can be viewed in terms of Hyneman's observation nearly twenty years ago that bureaucratic agencies “… may fail to take the initiative and supply the leadership that is required of them in view of their relation to particular sectors of public affairs. …” His concern was the responsiveness of the public sector not only to expressed wants but to public wants that may go unexpressed, or be only weakly expressed, and whose utility is much more easily recognized by the informed bureaucratic official than by the ordinary citizen.
While the results and conclusions to be reported appear to be largely valid for organizations in general, the empirical focus will be local departments of public health which, as a class, have had a rather dramatic succession of opportunities to respond to new public problems over the past twenty-five years. A brief introductory paragraph will orient the reader to the applied setting.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource‐based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high‐velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well‐known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high‐velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long‐term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high‐velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although the role of market knowledge competence in enhancing new product advantage is assumed widely in the literature, empirical studies are lacking because of an absence of the concept definition. In this study, the authors conceptualize market knowledge competence as the processes that generate and integrate market knowledge. The authors test the conceptual model using data collected from the software industry. The findings show that each of the three processes of market knowledge competence exerts a positive influence on new product advantage. The results also reveal a positive association between new product advantage and product market performance. The findings regarding the antecedents indicate that the perceived importance of market knowledge by top management has the largest impact on the processes of market knowledge competence.
The authors provide an empirical test of the effects of competition on the adoption of technological innovations by organizations. They follow the conceptualization developed in the model they proposed previously in the Journal of Marketing. An empirical study of the factors accounting for the adoption or rejection of a high technology innovation is reported. The results suggest that firms most receptive to innovation are in concentrated industries with limited price intensity and that supplier incentives and vertical links to buyers are important in achieving adoption. The results also suggest that adopters can be separated from nonadopters by their information-processing characteristics.
How are we to make sense of the way work is organised and controlled? To what extent is its design the result of technological demands, the interests of capital or processes of negotiation and struggle? In recent years labour process analysis, revived by Braverman's Labor and Monopoly Capital , has been most influential in shaping our thinking about this question. With contributions from leading authorities in the field, this book reviews the contribution of the labour process theory to the study of work organisation. Providing a fresh response to criticisms of 'Bravermania' and lost momentum, the volume explores the theoretical foundations of labour process analysis and suggests new directions for its development
A new approach to measuring R&D effectiveness focuses on what R&D managers intuitively know is important. Ten R&D activities, from selecting the projects to linking R&D to business planning, are measured by identifying at which of six levels an R&D department is operating. The six levels are: (1) issue is not recognized; (2) initial efforts are made toward addressing issue; (3) right skills are in place; (4) appropriate methods are used; (5) responsibilities are clarified; and (6) continuous improvement is underway. With this approach, R&D managers can identify which activities their department needs to improve in and how it needs to improve.
This paper reports the development and psychometric validation of a multi-dimensional measure of facet-specific climate for innovation within groups at work: the Team Climate Inventory (TCI). Brief reviews of the organizational climate and work group innovation literatures are presented initially, and the need for measures of facet-specific climate at the level of the proximal work group asserted. The four-factor theory of facet-specific climate for innovation, which was derived from these reviews, is described, and the procedures used to operationalize this model into the original version measure described. Data attesting to underlying factor structure, internal homogeneity, predictive validity and factor replicability across groups of the summarized measure are presented. An initial sample of 155 individuals from 27 hospital management teams provided data for the exploratory factor analysis of this measure. Responses from 121 further groups in four occupations (35 primary health care teams, 42 social services teams, 20 psychiatric teams and 24 oil company teams; total N=971) were used to apply confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This five-factor, 38-item summarized version demonstrates robust psychometric properties, with acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Potential applications of this measure are described and the implication of these findings for the measurement of proximal work group climate are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I find that a firm's innovation output increases with the number of collaborative linkages maintained by it, the number of structural holes it spans, and the number of partners of its partners. However, innovation is negatively related to the interaction between spanning many structural holes and having partners with many partners.
While the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (HOS) theory explained international trade by differences in factor endowments (assuming that each country possesses the same technology), we saw during the 1980s a revival of interest in ‘neo-technology’ or ‘technology gap’ theories of international trade. While these theories go back to the seminal work by outsiders such as Posner (1961), Vernon (1966) and Hufbauer (1966), there are signs that they are becoming adopted by mainstream economists (see the survey by Siebert, 1991).
Effective internal technology transfer—the implementation of technical systems developed and disseminated to operational subunits within a single organization—depends not only upon the cost, quality, and compatibility of the technology, but also upon two processes of interaction between developers and users. These are user involvement in development and adaptation by the developers and users of both the technical system itself and the workplace. Analyses of data from 34 projects in four large electronics companies provide support for our hypotheses. © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed 'best practice'). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of REV, we conclude that traditional REV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markers, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This analysis considers the impact of the top managers in an organization on the organization's outcomes, specifically strategic choices and performance levels. The focus is not on the chief executive alone, but rather on the entire top management team. Using a macro view, these organizational outcomes are perceived to be related to the values and cognitive bases of those high-power individuals in the organization. In developing the model, emphasis is on the background characteristics of the top managers as opposed to the psychological dimensions. A series of propositions that should be tested to support the upper echelons theory are presented. The topics of these propositions include age, functional track, other career experiences, education, socioeconomic roots, financial position, and group characteristics. The creation of this model is just the beginning of the work that is necessary to evaluate and understand the upper echelons theory. Further input is needed from areas such as the executive recruiting industry. Additionally, clinical and statistical studies are both necessary to fully develop this theory. (SRD)
An integrative measuring scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of R&D departments has been developed and empirically validated for 28 Korean industrial companies based on responses from department managers and workers. Although 25 evaluation criteria were initially chosen, results indicate that 15 could be used without losing much predictive power, thus simplifying the measuring task. This scheme is believed to overcome the difficulties of determining and monitoring R&D effectiveness noted by several authorities.
Earlier studies of U.S. R&D projects identified a set of factors to help recognize which projects are most likely to fail. With greater internationalization, it is necessary to understand whether the same factors can indicate failing projects in other countries. A recent study comparing R&D projects from the U.S. and Germany reveals that the factors are common for projects in both countries, with, of course, minor differences. With similar market, technological, and to some extent cultural, environments in Germany and in the U.S. the commonality of the factors is very high. The authors suggest that these factors are universal so long as the market and technological environments are similar.
Understanding Practice brings together the many different perspectives that have been applied to examining social context. From Ole Dreier's work on the therapeutic relationship, to Hugh Mehan's work on learning by disabled students, to Charles and Janet Keller's work on blacksmithing, the chapters form a diverse and fascinating look at situated learning. A distinctive feature of the book is the wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of understanding cognition in everyday settings.