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A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Organizational Innovation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Abstract
This paper consolidates the state of academic research on "innovation". Based on a systematic review of literature published over the past 27 years, we synthesize various research perspectives into a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework of organizational innovation - linking leadership, innovation as a process, and innovation as an outcome. We also suggest measures of determinants of organizational innovation and present implications for both research and managerial practice. Copyright (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.
... A inicios del siglo pasado, el entendimiento de la innovación estuvo fuertemente ligado a una visión schumpeteriana en la que innovar era la estrategia de las empresas para evolucionar a través de la creación de nueas combinaciones o soluciones que llevaban a un mayor crecimiento económico (Crossan y Apaydin, 2009;Kattel et al., 2014;OECD y Eurostat, 2018). Para lograrlo, el camino consistía en investigar y desarrollar nuevas ideas que tuvieran una aplicación comercial (Dan Şandor, 2018), por lo que la falta de innovación estaba causada por la poca investigación para su desarrollo (Asheim y Isaksen, 1997). ...
... Estos últimos autores, asimismo, abonan la idea de que el proceso no es lineal, sino que es revolvente pues la diseminación de nuevas prácticas llevaría a la nueva generación de ideas iniciando nuevamente el proceso. También podemos referirnos a las causas de la innovación, en las que se mencionan dos principales conjuntos de variables (Crossan y Apaydin, 2009;Damanpour et al., 2009). Por un lado, las externas, en las que la innovación es explicada por la competencia en la que están las empresas en un contexto de escasez de recursos y demandas de sus clientes. ...
... A partir de ello, una de las corrientes que más énfasis ha tenido en las últimas dos décadas ha sido el Sistemas regionales de innovación estudio de los sistemas de innovación a nivel regional, cuyos casos de estudio hicieron evidente que la innovación no era homogénea a nivel nacional, sino que tendía a concentrarse en algunas regiones, mientras que otras quedaban rezagadas. Esta capacidad de innovar se ha reconocido como un factor de vital importancia para el desempeño regional (Crossan y Apaydin, 2009). Entre las explicaciones a esta divergencia, hay tres grandes enfoques (Ponsiglione et al., 2018;Tödtling y Trippl, 2005). ...
... Ong et al. [54] highlighted that the implementation of active environmental protection strategies and routines can promote innovations in organizations. Crossan and Apaydin [55] identified organizational capability, generated by the proper implementation of environmental strategies, mission, systems and structures, as the foundation of innovation practices. Cohen and Levinthal [56] claimed that innovation performance is the outcome of a corporation's absorption capacity, which is reflected by environmental performance. ...
... Environmental performance could be referred to as the consideration of environmental protection strategies, mission and structures in business practices and decision-making processes [17,55]. ...
In this age of global warming, academics and policymakers are increasingly concerned about firm environmental sustainability success. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether Envi-ronmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance impacts sustainability performance through the mediating effect of firm innovation. To this end, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was deployed to analyze data collected from the employees of manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. The results revealed that ESG performance significantly enhances the innovation and sustaina-bility performance of manufacturing industries, indicating that the higher the ESG performance of a firm, the greater its innovation and sustainability performance. Furthermore, the results con-firmed that firm innovation performance fully mediates the relationship between ESG initiatives and sustainability performance. The findings of this study provide policymakers and industry authorities with valuable insight into the role of ESG and innovation performance in improving sustainability performance. Specifically, the study sheds knowledge on how firm ESG initiatives and innovation performance impact sustainability performance in the manufacturing sector of an emerging economy such as Bangladesh.
... Although internationalization encourages more innovation input in EMEs in the knowledge exploration phase, we expect state ownership to positively moderate this relationship. Whereas innovation input is a powerful strategic tool to acquire, nurture, and maintain new knowledge, it also entails significant risk, requires a strong commitment of resources, and takes time to produce tangible outcomes (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Kumar, 2009). EMEs are also subject to various short-run constraints that may limit the investments they can commit to innovation activities (Zhou et al., 2017). ...
... Financial Performance Financial performance is a crucial determinant of innovation (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). It has also been argued that firms with better performance are more likely to invest in internationalization, as they can easily cover the sunk costs of international activities. ...
Drawing on organizational learning theory and taking an institutional perspective, this study investigates (1) the dynamic relationship between internationalization and innovation in emerging market enterprises (EMEs), and (2) how state ownership moderates the focal relationships. Using a panel dataset of listed Chinese firms from 2007 to 2018, we find that internationalization encourages innovation input in EMEs, which in turn transforms into more innovation output. Higher innovation output leads to further international commitment, creating a dynamic upward spiral of internationalization and innovation. Interestingly, state ownership positively moderates the innovation input-innovation output link but negatively moderates the relationship between innovation output and internationalization. Our paper enriches and refines our understanding of the dynamic relationship between internationalization and innovation in EMEs by integrating the knowledge exploration, transformation, and exploitation perspectives, with the institutional perspective of state ownership.
... Overall, the results are consistent with trends in the current literature, reflecting the positive relationship between reputation and innovation (Alipour, Karimi, 2011;Brennan et al., 2014;Nguyen, 2020) and confirming that innovation is the main determinant of the reputation of an organisation or company (Crossan, Apaydin, 2010;Odumeru, 2013). The study helps to reaffirm the point made by many prominent scholars in previous research that innovation affects organisational reputation in many ways, ranging from facilitating adaptation to change, improving the efficiency or effectiveness of internal operations, and gaining competitiveness and reputation, to financial realisation or economic gain (Damanpour et al., 2009;Crossan, Apaydin, 2010;Nguyen, 2020). ...
... Overall, the results are consistent with trends in the current literature, reflecting the positive relationship between reputation and innovation (Alipour, Karimi, 2011;Brennan et al., 2014;Nguyen, 2020) and confirming that innovation is the main determinant of the reputation of an organisation or company (Crossan, Apaydin, 2010;Odumeru, 2013). The study helps to reaffirm the point made by many prominent scholars in previous research that innovation affects organisational reputation in many ways, ranging from facilitating adaptation to change, improving the efficiency or effectiveness of internal operations, and gaining competitiveness and reputation, to financial realisation or economic gain (Damanpour et al., 2009;Crossan, Apaydin, 2010;Nguyen, 2020). ...
Although there is ample literature in organisational innovation, not enough attention is accorded to the correlation between innovation and corporate reputation in the context of corporate communication in the higher education industry. This study was prompted by the urge to close this research gap. Three hundred and thirty-one (331) international, or foreign students from the Infrastructure University of Kuala Lumpur (IUKL), Malaysia were recruited as respondents through a simple random sampling technique who completed a 21-item questionnaire with a very high reliability (α = 0.92). Only one correlation hypothesis was tested which was formulated on the innovation dimension of the RepTrackTM model and it was accepted. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, and a moderate correlation (Person’s p = 0.00, r = 0.51) was found between innovation and reputation. In addition, reputation is expressed as high esteem, love, respect, and trust. The study concludes that a university is more likely to be held in high regard when it has strong drive towards innovation, both managerial and technological. The article recommends that for IUKL’s reputation to keep soring locally and internationally, it should double its commitment to adopt both managerial and technical innovative strategies. Future research should explore the differential influence of managerial and technical innovation in IUKL and other institutions of higher learning.
... For the articles' search, the keywords related to SMEs, technology, and BMI presented in Table 1 were combined using the Boolean operator "AND" since the objective is to understand technological transformation in SMEs comprehensively. The papers' search was limited to the English language and peer-review journals since these journals can be considered validated knowledge with the highest impact in the field (Crossan and Apaydin 2010). ...
... The data analysis was conducted through descriptive and content analysis, as Crossan and Apaydin (2010) suggested. We considered categories suggested by SMEs: "SMEs" OR "SME" OR "small and medium enterprises" OR "small and medium-sized enterprises" OR "small and medium businesses" OR "small and medium-sized businesses" OR "small and medium companies" OR "small and mediumsized companies" OR "micro small and medium enterprises" OR "micro small and mediumsized enterprises" OR "MSME" Micro-enterprises: "micro enterpris*" OR "micro-sized enterpris*" OR "micro compan*" OR "micro-sized compan*" OR "micro business*" OR "microsized business*" OR "micro firm*" OR "micro-sized firm*" Small enterprises: "small enterpris*" OR "small-sized enterpris*" OR "small compan*" OR "small-sized compan*" OR "small business*" OR "smallsized business*" OR "small firm*" OR "small-sized firm*" Medium-sized enterprises: ...
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are pushed to introduce new technologies due to diferent requirements and changes in the business setting. The SMEs’ transformation to exploit new technologies is challenging given their lack of resources and the complexity of technological transformation, which encompasses technology assimilation and business model innovation (BMI). Although studies recognize the complementarity of technology assimilation and BMI for benefting
from technology, the literature is fragmented, and the technological transformation phenomenon remains abstract, especially in the SMEs’ context. To improve understanding of technological transformation in SMEs, a systematic literature review
was performed on 165 peer-reviewed papers published from 1999 to 2022, building upon BMI and technology assimilation constructs. The descriptive analysis outlines the feld’s evolution in terms of research and technological trends. The content
analysis shows that: most papers focus on factors; the literature falls short of providing theoretical conceptualization and guidelines for the technological transformation
process; only a few studies are dedicated to assessing the outcomes of technological transformation in SMEs; and the papers suggest that SMEs present a low transformation level. Finally, we inductively built a framework for technological transformation and suggest five research avenues
... The first definition of innovation was coined by Schumpeter in the late 1920s (Hansen and Wakonen, 1997), who stressed the novelty aspect. According to Schumpeter, innovation is reflected in novel outputs: a new good or a new quality of a good; a new method of production; a new market; a new source of supply; or a new organizational structure, which can be summarized as 'doing things differently' (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Although Schumpeter clearly positioned his definition of innovation within the domain of the firm and outlined its extent as product, process, and business model, there are continuing debates over various aspects of innovation. ...
... Although Schumpeter clearly positioned his definition of innovation within the domain of the firm and outlined its extent as product, process, and business model, there are continuing debates over various aspects of innovation. According to Crossan and Apaydin (2010), innovation can be seen as a process which has six dimensions: level, drive, direction, source, locus and nature; or innovation can be seen as an outcome which also has five dimensions: form, magnitude, referent, type and nature. In summary, it is hard to describe innovation (Vuong and Napier, 2014). ...
In a gradually more interlinked world, the formation of collaborations with partners is increasingly regarded as an important driver for generating innovation. Although multidimensional proximities are important factors influencing interorganizational coinnovation performance, relevant empirical studies have not reached consistent conclusions. By focusing on organizational dyad and including intraorganizational collaboration network inefficiency as a moderating variable, we explore the effects of multidimensional proximities on interorganizational coinnovation performance. By reference to 5G patent data collected in China between 2011 and 2020, the research results based on the quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) model show that geographical proximity, cognitive proximity, and institutional proximity all improve interorganizational coinnovation performance. In addition, the inefficiency of intraorganizational collaboration networks decreases the positive effect of geographical proximity but increases the positive effects of cognitive and institutional proximity in this context. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for organizational partner selection.
... Product innovation new to the firm's market was measured as a binary variable where it has the value of 1 if the firm has introduced new or significantly improved goods or services new to the national or international firm's market in the last two years and 0 if otherwise. These variables have been used in previous studies of innovation modes (Fitjar and Rodríguez-Pose 2013;Jensen et al. 2007; Parrilli and Alcalde 2016) reflecting firms' perceptions (Crossan and Apaydin 2010;Forés and Camisón 2016). ...
Weak institutions leading to a dysfunctional competitive environment affect firms' innovation. Drawing on the innovation modes approach and institutional theory, we suggest that STI (science and technology-based innovation) and DUI mode (learning by doing, using, and interacting) are moderated by perceived dysfunctional competition. Based on the Colombian innovation survey (EDIT) and using logistic regression modelling, we find that perceived dysfunctional competition prevailing in emerging markets weakens the positive effect of firms' STI and DUI modes on innovation novelty. We explain this finding based on managers' perceptions of value appropriability. While intellectual property rights affect the innovation of STI firms, DUI firms' innovation is affected by information exposure. The results contribute to the innovation modes literature by showing that appropriability influences managers' perception in STI and DUI firms, weakening firms' innovations. In practice, firms need mechanisms to protect innovation against competitors' opportunistic or unlawful behaviour, and governments could foster means of appropriability associated with STI and DUI modes. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Reviewing and analysing past works is a method that allows researchers to systematically approach a subject matter [37]. The use of this method has increased in popularity, due to its transparent and less biased approach in analysing past data towards one dominant research gap [38]. Moreover, such a methodology choice enables the authors to summarise and articulate previous works, while aligning with a new primary aim [39]. ...
The construction industry has long been perceived as reluctant to embrace change, and digital transformation is not an exception. The slow adoption rate has been linked to the perceptions of the effectiveness of construction innovations. An implied link exists between digitalisation and productivity improvements. However, such a link is yet associated with ambiguities, suggesting that the influence is not linear. Despite the very low productivity rates achieved in the construction industry, studies on the association between technology adoption and productivity-related benefits and advantages are rare, and this may be a contributing factor to the indecision of construction firms to embrace digitalisation. A systematic literature review enables scholars to disseminate past research efforts in one scholarly resource, in pursuit of new knowledge. Through systematically reviewing the literature, this study identifies, classifies, and critically analyses research efforts, aiming to shed light on the mediators of the relationship between digitalisation and productivity. Overall, sixty articles have been identified, screened, and included in this study. Productivity, in this context, is positively related to digitalization, by promoting more safety and well-being, planning enhancements, collaboration, waste reduction, employee upskilling, design enhancements, communication and knowledge transfer, and accuracy in information management. The findings also reflect the popular use of qualitative methods when studying digitalisation in the construction context, a stance that may be a reflection of a less diverse use of methodological approaches, and presents a call for more quantitative studies, to explore the relationship between digitalisation and productivity. Future research is encouraged to use this extensive review as a foundation for comparable empirical investigations, considering areas of similar interest, to accelerate the adoption of digitalisation.
... Scopus database has been widely used in bibliometric studies because of the comprehensiveness of its bibliographic data relative to timespan (Aria et al., 2020). The use of Scopus ensures that all relevant and pertinent empirical papers are included in the study (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). The titles, abstracts and keywords of publications in Scopus were searched using a combination of the following search terms "hospitality" OR "tourism" AND "internship" OR "placement" OR "industrial attachment" OR "experiential learning." ...
This paper applies bibliometric and integrative review approaches to examine the pattern of growth, conceptual and social structure of hospitality and tourism internship research using 167 articles retrieved from Scopus database published between 1986 and 2020. The contribution of journals, scholars, institutions, and countries in the production of hospitality and tourism internship research was assessed. Descriptive statistics of the bibliographic data was conducted using “Bibliometrix” tool whiles VOSviewer software was used for network analysis. Findings indicate that hospitality and tourism internship research is about three decades old however, the knowledge domain remains underdeveloped. Busby G, University of Queensland and the USA are the most productive author, institution and country, respectively in hospitality and internship research. Research efforts have focused on internships and students’ attitudes toward hospitality work, benefits of internships to students, industry and institutions, and internship satisfaction. There has been less international collaboration in the knowledge domain.
... Researchers (Adams, Tranfield, & Denyer, 2008;Cohen & Levinthal, 1990;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Garcia & Calantone, 2002;Gassmann, Enkel, & Chesbrough, 2010;Hall, Matos, Silvestre, & Martin, 2011) studied the field of innovation in different perspectives, four of which are the most disseminated. Questions like: "What is new?"; "How new?"; "New for whom?"; "When and where does the innovation process starts and finishes?"; ...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the technology and innovation used for business development by Albanian SMEs. This paper investigates if Albanian companies use innovation or integrate technology components into their daily activities with the purpose of developing their business. The instrument used was a questionnaire of 50 items and the participants where Albanian organizations (N = 163) from different sectors of the economy. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Findings show that the sales team of these companies uses computer systems on the ground to manage customerrelated business activities such as sales, billing, at a rate of 25.5% at a time when 74.5% of them do not use it purpose. The trade sector uses these systems the most (45.8%) followed by the Manufacturing sector (40%). Other data show that 95.1% of businesses think they have improved their products/services satisfactorily over the past 12 months, while only 4.9% of them do not think so. As far as product design/services are concerned, 40.5% choose to apply international standards, 37.4% of them think and create their own, while 19% of them use a mix of both methods.
... Randhawa et al., 2016), etc. While one of the main aims in structuring literature reviews through all these methods is to ensure that the process is replicable, objective, transparent, and rigorous (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010), there are still various biases pertaining to the SLR process (Grant & Booth, 2009). One is that with the increase in available articles that are more and more multidisciplinary in nature, it is difficult for researchers to form a valid assumption about a particular area for searching the topic of interest or to develop a list of journals to ensure that all relevant articles are selected for further analysis. ...
The dark side of customer behavior has been receiving increasing attention in the business and management literature in recent years. Scholars have used various terminologies to study those customer behaviors that disrupt service delivery, affect organizational performance, and impact on employees' well-being. In this study, through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 246 academic articles, we identify three clusters within the dark side of customer behavior literature: (1) customer dysfunctional behavior; (2) customer revenge and rage as forms of customer misbehavior; and (3) customer mistreatment and incivility-related clusters. Based on these three identified clusters of the literature, we propose an integrative framework of customer incivility as customer incivility is the current centerpiece of the literature on the dark side of customer behavior. In doing so, we identify various research gaps and suggest effective avenues for future works in this research stream.
... A five-step literature review process was carried out, as indicated by Crossan and Apaydin [16], encompassing the definition of criteria for the search terms, construction of groups with the papers found, data compilation, typology, and synthesis of the literature. Based on this exploratory study, the next step was to design the digitalization management framework. ...
... It is considered one of the review strategies designed with certain strategies to help avoid bias (Ustunel et al., 2021). Alongside this, systematic reviews increase the quality of the review process and result by implementing a procedure which is both transparent and reproducible (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Due to several advantages that the systematic literature presents to scholars, its use is receiving greater attention in the fields of tourism and hospitality (Antonova et al., 2021). ...
The aims of the present paper are to identify the gaps in the current literature on tourism governance and to propose an ICT-led model of tourist destination governance. By utilizing a systematic literature review of existing literature on the issue of tourism governance, the present paper reviews 85 articles from 419 refereed articles published from the period of 1994 to 2019, employing thematic analysis to examine the data. The review reveals the gap in an ICT-based model of tourist destination governance. Based on a systematic review of recent articles, the results display elements through which effective destination governance is ensured have been identified.
... Innovativeness is perceived in contemporary literature as a desirable aspect of firms because it energises and augments the probability of survival and continued success (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Innovativeness is a multifaceted construct encompassing the adoption of an idea or behaviour, whether pertaining to a device, system, process, policy, program, product or service that is new to the adopting organisation. ...
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the conditional indirect effect of innovativeness on performance via supply chain agility (SCA) in the service industry at higher and lower collaborative relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
The hypothesised model is operationalised with survey data from 245 Australian service firms collected via LinkedIn and analysed using structural equation modelling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).
Findings
The analysis found that SCA significantly mediates the relationship between innovativeness and performance. Further, the conditional indirect effect of innovativeness on performance via SCA was significant when the collaborative relationship was high. Results also revealed that a configuration of both innovativeness and agility better predicts performance.
Originality/value
This study is an early attempt to investigate SCA in service industries by scrutinizing SCA from an innovative point of view. While previous studies have demonstrated the role of innovativeness in enhancing a firm's performance, this study explores this link further by investigating the conditional indirect effect of innovativeness on performance via SCA at different levels of collaborative relationships.
... Companies can implement green innovation well when achieving higher levels of environmental performance such as resource utilization, compliance with regulations, maintaining relationships between stakeholders, and achieving productivity. This is supported by the fact that environmental performance reflects the strength of environmental capabilities such as effective environmental protection routines and processes, superior environmental knowledge, committed environmental goals that form the necessary resources to support sustainable green innovation in product design and production processes (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010). Therefore, companies need to maintain and improve environmental performance to support the implementation of green innovation, both in terms of products and processes. ...
This study aims to determine the effect of environmental performance on firm performance and green innovation as mediator in food processing industry companies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The type of research used is hypothesis testing with quantitative methods. The sampling technique in this research was non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The considerations or criteria determined in this study are food processing companies with large and medium scale. The number of samples used in this study were 60 companies. Testing in this study was assisted by the SmartPLS 3.3.3 software. And the results obtained are as follows: Environmental performance has a positive and significant effect on green innovation in the food processing industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta; Environmental performance has a positive and significant effect on firm performance in the food processing industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta; Green innovation has a positive and significant effect on company performance in the food processing industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta; and environmental performance has a positive and significant effect on company performance through green innovation in the food processing industry in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
... Innovativeness has become a key element in organizations to gain competitive advantage (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Jiménez-Jiménez & Sanz-Valle, 2011;Rhee et al., 2010). ...
The problem in this study is that there are still various controversies in the results of research regarding the relationship and influence between innovations on performance. In addition, there is also a gap, namely the increasing number of women's businesses on the one hand and on the other hand, the success of women's businesses tends to be lower than that of men's businesses. So this study aims to close the research gap, namely the influence of Innovativeness on business performance by mediating competitive advantage. The sample is 62 women entrepreneurs. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire via google form. The data analysis method uses SEM with the WrapPLS 7.0 program. The results show that Innovation has a significant positive effect on Competitive Advantage, but has no effect on Business Performance. Meanwhile, Competitive Advantage has a significant positive effect on Business Performance and has succeeded in becoming a mediator (full mediation) for Innovation and Business Performance.
... Ong, Lee [59] highlighted that the implementation of active environmental protection strategies and routines can promote innovations in organizations. Crossan and Apaydin [60] identified organizational capability, generated by the proper implementation of environmental strategies, mission, systems and structures, as the foundation of innovation practices. Cohen and Levinthal [61] claimed that innovation performance is the outcome of a corporation's absorption capacity, which is reflected by environmental performance. ...
In this age of global warming, academics and policymakers are increasingly concerned about firm environmental sustainability success. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance impacts sustainability performance through the mediating effect of firm innovation. To this end, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was deployed to analyze data collected from the employees of manufacturing industries in an emerging economy like Bangladesh. The results revealed that ESG performance significantly enhances the innovation and sustainability performance of manufacturing industries, indicating that the higher the ESG performance of a firm, the greater its innovation and sustainability performance. Furthermore, the results confirmed that firm innovation performance fully mediates the relationship between ESG initiatives and sustainability performance. The findings of this study provide policymakers and industry authorities with valuable insight into the role of ESG and innovation performance in improving sustainability performance. Specifically, the study sheds knowledge on how firm ESG initiatives and innovation performance impact sustainability performance in the manufacturing sector of an emerging economy like Bangladesh.
... This is a process and a result. " (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;p. 1155). ...
This article aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the hackathon phenomenon to offer scholars a common ground for future research and managers and practitioners research-based guidelines on best planning and running a hackathon. A review of the most relevant literature on hackathons was conducted to serve as the research basis for our integrative model and guidelines. This article synthesizes the research on hackathons to offer comprehensible guidelines for practitioners while also providing questions for future hackathon researchers. We differentiate between the different design characteristics of hackathons while noting their advantages and disadvantages, discuss tools and methodologies for successful hackathon setup and execution step-by-step, and provide recommendations to encourage project continuity.
... Innovation is the implementation of creative ideas within a specific context [31] and represents a change to the organization's traditional method of operating. This usually creates resistance to the proposed change and possible conflict, often requiring continuous effort in order to successfully implement the change. ...
One of the most important roles in leadership is to support and encourage team members by empowering them and providing them with the opportunity to take greater ownership of their work outcomes. By supporting a culture of innovation, authentic leaders inspire and support individuals, encouraging them to improve performance and develop the confidence to exhibit creativity, demonstrate innovation, and show greater agility when faced with challenges. This enables them to work more independently, helping their organization to better achieve its objectives and increase competitiveness. Authentic leadership enhances an organization’s effectiveness by encouraging its employees to approach their tasks with a more optimistic attitude and with creativity. Through the use of emotional sensitivity organizational leaders can tailor their interactions with their employees to elicit their best performance. By drawing on each employee’s strengths, erudite leaders can create effective individuals that will enhance performance and foster a positive organizational culture. Authentic leadership also encourages employees to participate in decision-making. This empowers them and offers them a feeling of ownership of their tasks and responsibility for the outcomes. Encouraging such a culture promotes the organization as an employer of choice, further supporting its efforts to gain and maintain competitive advantage.
... However, the relevant literature contains gaps on why and how companies generate new management practices. Several studies focus on the diffusion of particular practices across companies over the time and space (Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Jarzabkowski, 2004), However, studies looking exclusively at the company as level of analysis with an intention to explore the determining factors of the generation and implementation of new practices are less (Damanpour & Aravind, 2012). To address this deficiency, the current study focuses on its analysis at company level. ...
Management innovation is an important source of sustained competitive advantage because of its context-specific nature. The current research contributes towards advancing an indigenous management innovation theory in the context of Pakistan. Previously, many studies have been conducted to build this theory in the context of developed economies. The current study draws mainly on institutional perspective. It explores how several individual and organizational contextual factors enable a business firm to implement a portfolio of new management practices to manage innovation in the textile sector. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. It resulted in exploring three contextual factors which remain critical to produce specific management innovations imperative for a company’s success. The findings allow the construction of propositions through encouraging future research. The implications for management theory and practice are also provided.
... More specifically, the authors set a benchmark of top 50 percent of the impact factor rating (Q1 and Q2) SJR metric of journals. This method has been reliably utilized by Ayodele et al. (2020) and Crossan and Apaydin (2010). In the end, 35 of the selected articles were included in this review, thus excluding 74 papers that did not meet the established criteria for this study, and journals not found within the specified SCImago Journal Rank. ...
Technology use in the construction industry fosters improvements in schedule, safety, cost, productivity, and quality. In this domain, the construction technologies adoption highly depends on stakeholders, who may exhibit some resistance to operational use. This underscores the importance of determining technology integration success using effective methods such as predictive and explanatory modelling. Although existing literature has provided some critical insight into the use of these models and theories, there is no domain-based synthesis on the utility of these models and theories as tools to facilitate the integration of emerging construction technologies. Therefore, this paper provides a systematic review and content analysis showcasing different methods and theories for investigating technology acceptance and generates insights expected to guide future technology acceptance studies. Using a three-phase systematic review process, 35 relevant articles were identified and analysed. This review identified perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social norm, attitude, perceived behavioural control, and facilitating conditions as key constructs impacting workers' intention to accept a construction technology. TAM, TPB, and UTAUT were identified as popular choices for developing hybrid models, while UTAUT provided a relatively higher predictive power. Finally, seven areas for further exploration were discussed. This study contributes to construction knowledge by providing a better understanding of technology acceptance research and generating fundamental insights needed to develop robust and effective predictive and explanatory models for advancing technology acceptance research which would support successful technology integration.
... According to Crossan and Apaydin (2010), innovation as a process precedes product innovation. ...
... Being sustainable is an important strategic choice an enterprise can make, but also increasingly important at the industry and regional levels [92]. Interest in innovation in the context of SMEs and especially in the wine industry is on the rise [93]. Scozzi et al. explore the SME-specific innovation management challenges [94] that Gilinsky assesses for the wine industry [95]. ...
Business model design needs to encounter increasing and highly dynamic challenges due to counter-caesural environmental changes. Empirical research on strategic sustainability is expected to provide guidance for needed dynamic transformation and sustainability. The reported research builds on a multi-case research of four German wine estates. The cases each represent a specific generic strategic grouping and distinct business models and are thereby suited to analyse sustainability by leaning on the concept of dynamic capabilities. Sustainability was examined as a strategic vehicle for innovation in the wine industry and a nuanced view of dynamic capabilities. Premium strategist turned out to strongly engage and profile in sustainability with aligned dynamic capabilities as a building block to generate premium products. Quality leadership also leverages product quality with comprehensive dynamic capabilities aiming for sustainability by building on size and a professional structure but less on environmental profiling. The price–value strategy approaches sustainability primarily from a market-based and circular economy view. Niche strategist’s dynamic capabilities in the analysed population illustrated an entrepreneurial and effectuation-based approach with specific dynamic capabilities fine-tuned to exploit market opportunities. The multi-case analyses thereby allowed us to identify strategy-specific and business-model-suiting capabilities.
... Although it has been defined in a variety of ways, from various perspectives, and through a variety of approaches, innovation ultimately entails generating something new (Lee and Tsai, 2005;Crossan and Apaydin, 2010;Sáenz and Aramburu, 2011). An examination of research that links IC and innovation illustrates the diversity in approaches to innovation, which has been analyzed from a results-oriented perspective, e.g., creation of new products, services, and processes, as well as from the perspective of the innovation process itself, e.g., ways to innovate and the capabilities required (Buenechea-Elberdin, 2017). ...
While intellectual capital's (IC) impact on innovation has been well‐established, increasing understanding of related contingencies would yield great benefits to both research on and the practice of innovation and IC management. With the rise of the service economy, servitization degree – i.e., the degree of relevance of service provision compared with the delivery of manufactured goods – represents an important contingency, with significant potential to shed more light on and improve the understanding of the IC‐performance relationship in the context of research and development. This paper examines how servitization moderates IC's impact on innovation performance by testing related hypotheses on a sample of 180 Spanish companies through a statistical analysis conducted through structural equation modeling based on partial least squares. The results indicate that servitization moderates the relationship between internal and external relational capital and innovation in different ways: The moderation effect is negative for internal relational capital, but positive for external relational capital, i.e., more service‐oriented companies benefit from internal collaboration and coordination to a lesser extent in their innovation endeavors, while external stakeholder communication and networks are crucial for achieving a high rate of innovation performance. The findings help develop a more fine‐grained understanding of IC's role in innovation and related firm‐ and industry‐level contingencies, as well as increase the understanding of R&D ecosystem agents.
... The third objective is to explore whether innovation capabilities act as an internal mechanism to contain the effect of stakeholder pressure on firm performance and whether market performance plays a mediating role between innovation capacity and financial performance, corresponding to H4a, H4b, and H4c. To this end, we followed the recommendations of researchers who support studying the relationship between innovation outcomes and firm performance to understand the importance of innovation for firm managers (Crossan and Apaydin, 2010). Furthermore, as a finding of our research, we highlight the relevant role of innovation in the positive relationship between reduced stakeholder pressure and increased financial performance in SMEs, with innovation capabilities contributing to a firm's competitive advantage and market leadership (Porter, 1990;Baregheh et al., 2009). ...
During environmental crises, it has always been particularly interesting to investigate how companies, specifically small- and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs), find solutions to survive and learn how to act in adverse situations. We conducted our study during the current coronavirus pandemic to analyse how stakeholder pressure affects both the innovation capabilities of SMEs and their firm performance. On the one hand, we examine whether the market and financial performance are better in the presence of less stakeholder pressure. On the other hand, we analyse whether SMEs implement internal mechanisms that enhance their innovation capacity to solve external problems caused by greater stakeholder pressure, which in turn affects firm performance. Our main findings show that during the pandemic, stakeholder pressure is related to the innovative capacity of SMEs; therefore, the higher the pressure, the more important the innovative response of SMEs. However, with higher pressure, the company's performance would be directly reduced in the short term, as the conditions set would be more unfavourable. Innovation capacity also plays a mediating role in preventing poor business performance because of increased stakeholder pressure. Owing to the importance of the chief executive officer (CEO) in SMEs, we test, through multigroup analysis, the differences based on the CEO's educational level. For example, commitment to innovation in SMEs may be more important for managers with higher education. Finally, our findings show how managers can learn to face new challenges in unfavourable environments.
... When does IC enhance innovation capability? Apaydin, 2010). While previous research studies yielded a general agreement about the positive impact of IC resources on the capability to innovate, the interrelationships between human and social capital and their influence on the generation of the innovation capability still require further investigations (Talke et al., 2011). ...
Purpose
In the current study based on the resource-based view (RBV), a three-way interaction model tests the relationships among human and social capital resources, innovation orientation (IO) and innovation capability in the context of new ventures.
Design/methodology/approach
Hierarchical linear regression modeling presents the linear relations at two decision layers of start-ups, their founders and managers. Data is collected and analyzed from 233 new ventures in Turkey.
Findings
Findings of the two and three-way interaction analyses indicate a positive relationship between human capital and innovation capability when social capital and IO are high; however, the relation turns off when low.
Research limitations/implications
The study extends the previous works on the proposed link between intellectual capital (IC) resources and innovation, by confirming the moderating role of social capital and IO on the positive association between human capital resources and innovation capability.
Practical implications
The results show that for start-up companies, the co-existence of strong social capital and the strategic orientation towards innovation is required for the effective utilization of human capital for generating innovation capability within the organization. Thus, this study highlights the importance of networks, alliances and social relationships, together with the unification of strategic thinking, organizational learning and a culture of innovation for attaining innovation goals, which are crucial for the survival and success of these units.
Originality/value
This study presents the first model in the literature which examines the moderating effects of IO and social capital on the human capital-innovation capability relationship.
... IWB is expected to produce innovative and therefore beneficial outcomes for individuals, groups, or organizations [1]. These innovative outputs can range from the expansion and renewal of products, services, procedures, and processes to the evolution of new production methods and new management systems [5]. IWB is one of the important things that allow any groups to achieve organizational goals [6,7]. ...
The factors that influence Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) have been widely studied. Despite that, no research has ever comprehensively mapped the factors that affect IWB, especially in public organizations. Hence, this study aims to map the factors affecting IWB in public organizations. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) approach, 57 eligible studies were selected for review, and their findings summarized. The results of this study indicate that three factors are influencing IWB in public organizations, namely personal, inter/teamwork, and organizational factors. These three factors can function as independent variables, mediation, or moderators. This research produces a comprehensive IWB framework in public organizations. Managerial can develop various ways to improve the innovative behavior of its employees starting from personal, teamwork, and organizational factors such as leadership, HRM, organizational culture, and other behaviors.
... Researchers (Adams, Tranfield, & Denyer, 2008;Cohen & Levinthal, 1990;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Garcia & Calantone, 2002;Gassmann, Enkel, & Chesbrough, 2010;Hall, Matos, Silvestre, & Martin, 2011) studied the field of innovation in different perspectives, four of which are the most disseminated. Questions like: "What is new?"; "How new?"; "New for whom?"; "When and where does the innovation process starts and finishes?"; ...
... Researchers (Adams, Tranfield, & Denyer, 2008;Cohen & Levinthal, 1990;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Garcia & Calantone, 2002;Gassmann, Enkel, & Chesbrough, 2010;Hall, Matos, Silvestre, & Martin, 2011) studied the field of innovation in different perspectives, four of which are the most disseminated. Questions like: "What is new?"; "How new?"; "New for whom?"; "When and where does the innovation process starts and finishes?"; ...
... Researchers (Adams, Tranfield, & Denyer, 2008;Cohen & Levinthal, 1990;Crossan & Apaydin, 2010;Garcia & Calantone, 2002;Gassmann, Enkel, & Chesbrough, 2010;Hall, Matos, Silvestre, & Martin, 2011) studied the field of innovation in different perspectives, four of which are the most disseminated. Questions like: "What is new?"; "How new?"; "New for whom?"; "When and where does the innovation process starts and finishes?"; ...
New product development projects enhance the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises but carry a high risk of failure. Monitoring the progress of these projects’ activities, using specific performance indicators, helps to reduce this risk. However, studies in small and medium enterprises are limited and they do not identify appropriate and useful indicators to help controlling the resources allocation. By mobilizing the literature on project management and innovation, we studied the processes adopted in five small and medium enterprises that have experienced success in new product development to identify the activities as well as the indicators used to make decisions about continuing or stopping the project. The results show that the activities and indicators are adapted to the context of each enterprise, such as the availability of certain resources and expertise and the proximity of the customers, and that taking these indicators into account ensures better management of new product development projects and reduces failure rates.
Innovation has been cited as the single most critical source of competitive advantage and enables firms to respond creatively to competitive threats and opportunities. That notwithstanding, innovation process has not been well developed and understood. This study aims at addressing this gap by scrutinizing four questions: (1) What costs need to be considered in innovation? (2) Under which innovation process model are the costs considered? (3) What benefits are available? and (4) What competencies are required for innovation? Answers to these questions will provide a valuable insight and a better understanding for successful innovation process. To achieve this, the paper proposes a framework to integratively map innovation stages, costs, benefits, and core competence for successful innovation to build sustainable competitive advantage. This study submits that until the costs, benefits and competencies for innovation are considered integratively, and mapped onto innovation stages, innovation and competitive advantage will suffer the consequence thereof.
The dichotomy of the Necessity and Opportunity motivation (Push-Pull model) has been frequently used to explain Women Entrepreneurial Motivation (WEM) unvaryingly in most situations. The literature indicates a need for clarity and precision in the context-specific conceptualization of this construct. Understanding the disparities between WEM in developed and developing nations will further clear the ambiguity. The current article addresses this gap in three stages. Systematically analyzing 103 articles published in WEM research, an exhaustive list of all WEM factors is built and categorized as necessity and opportunity motivation using Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) assisted Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). Subsequently, necessity and opportunity motivation themes are generated and the related sub-themes and their constituents are identified. Finally, the contextual differences in WEM tendencies are highlighted in the light of women entrepreneurship in developed and developing nations. The main contribution of this review, apart from the comprehensive consolidation of WEM factors, is the revelation of the clear contextual difference in the usage and connotation of certain WEM factors in developed and developing countries. These contextual insights of WEM may provide future research scholars as well as policymakers with an improved understanding of necessity and opportunity motivation factors.
Purpose
To effectively meet their social objectives, humanitarian organizations need to be more innovative and find novel ways to stay competitive. Yet there has been limited focus on innovation by humanitarian organizations. Part of the issue is the lack of new practices and novel approaches that can be used as benchmarks. This study focuses on food banks, a critical hub for the delivery of food in humanitarian supply chains and where the use of innovation seems to be more reported on.
Design/methodology/approach
Focusing on resource scarcity, a commonly referenced constraint by humanitarian organizations, the authors study how food and fund scarcity (versus abundance) influence the innovation efforts of twelve food banks in the United States. This study observes variations in behavior before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Findings
The authors find that food banks operating in high resource scarcity (food-scarce and fund-scarce) settings focus on process innovations. Food banks operating in low resource scarcity (food-abundant and fund-abundant) settings focus on product innovations. Food banks operating in food-abundant and fund-scarce settings focus on marketing innovations. Food banks operating in food-scarce and fund-abundant settings show the most extensive focus on innovation by relying on imitative innovations. The innovation focus for most food banks switches to process innovation during the COVID pandemic.
Originality/value
The study breaks down resource scarcity specific to food banks by differentiating food and funds, a novel approach to studying scarcity. Findings are novel as they suggest that operating context has a highly differentiating effect on what food banks focus on in terms of innovation. Operating context can lead to focus on process, product, imitative of market-related innovations. Finally, the study is novel because it explores how change in the environmental context due to disruptions can drastically modify the innovation focus of food banks.
For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RRA985-2. About RAND The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. To learn more about RAND, visit www.rand.org. Research Integrity Our mission to help improve policy and decision-making through research and analysis is enabled through our core values of quality and objectivity and our unwavering commitment to the highest level of integrity and ethical behavior. To help ensure our research and analysis are rigorous, objective, and nonpartisan, we subject our research publications to a robust and exacting quality-assurance process; avoid both the appearance and reality of financial and other conflicts of interest through staff training, project screening, and a policy of mandatory disclosure; and pursue transparency in our research engagements through our commitment to the open publication of our research findings and recommendations, disclosure of the source of funding of published research, and policies to ensure intellectual independence. For more information, visit www.rand.org/about/research-integrity. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif.
Purpose
The main purpose of this review is to enhance the understanding of intellectual structure and outlook of management innovation research as an interesting and growing research field.
Design/methodology/approach
This systematic literature review examines the question, what is the relationship of management innovation with the performance of companies and with other types of innovation? The work also pursues to summarize theories, contexts, characteristics of the papers and methodologies with the purpose of facilitating further development and opportunities and priorities for future research.
Findings
The results suggest that management innovation is an interesting and growing research field; in its relation to different types of innovation and performance, it is a field explored with theoretical approaches, contexts and methodologies that begin to form a consolidated body of knowledge. However, through a critical analysis, this review highlights the gaps in the literature and provides suggestions for future studies to further explore the field. This revision contributes to the literature on management innovation summarizing the findings and contributions of research published in the field and its relationships with innovation and performance. It then identifies three comprehensive research streams, namely, future research on conceptualization, definitions and measurements; research on the level of analysis; and future research on management innovation drivers, antecedents and use as mediator/moderator variables.
Originality/value
Management innovation is an emerging research field that is characterized as a branch of research long ignored by more orthodox lines dedicated to technological innovation and topics in product and service development research.
This paper aims to investigate the nexus of relationships linking firm innovativeness (FI), supply chain agility (SCA), and firm performance (FP). Grounding on Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) and Dynamic Capability View (DCV), this study explores the role of three types of FIs (i.e. service innovativeness, process innovativeness and administrative innovativeness) on SCA and its impact on different dimensions of FP. Limited empirical evidence is available in the SCA literature that examines FI as antecedents of SCA and explores SCA benefits using diverse performance parameters. We test the proposed model using survey data of 238 Australian service firms and analyzed it using partial least square-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our result found that three types of FI are positively related to SCA, and SCA is positively related to all dimensions of FP. Investment in innovation practices are often considered as core practices of service-oriented firms during an uncertain time. Our results offer some useful guidelines for practitioners.
This chapter reviews literature on the role of social capital and intellectual capital in the economy, and their contribution to corporate social responsibility with a particular emphasis on their importance for corporations. The chapter relates social capital and intellectual capital to concepts such as trust and corporate culture; and discusses and proposes various metrics that capture them at the firm level, including firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. A summary of the existing research on the relation between social capital, intellectual capital, and firm value and stock market performance has been done. Finally, an analysis of whether firms are investing enough in intellectual capital and social capital in its corporate social responsibilities has been done.
This research investigates employee empowerment’s role in the relationship between quality management practices (QMPs) and innovation performance at five-star hotels in Jordan. A total of 400 workers who work in five-star hotels in Jordan were given a questionnaire with 29 questions that measured QMPs, employee empowerment, and innovation performance. The obtained data were analyzed by PLS-SEM. The results show that quality policy (QP) has an insignificant influence on employee empowerment and innovation performance, while quality commitment (QC) and quality education and training (QET) have a positive and significant influence on employee empowerment and innovation performance. The results also reveal that employee empowerment has a positive influence on innovation performance. Finally, employee empowerment as a mediator variable was not working on the relationship between QP and innovation performance but showed a significant role as a partial mediator between QC and innovation performance as well as QET and innovation performance. Discussion, theoretical and managerial implications for future research, and limitations are presented.
This paper synthesizes the causal mechanism and intends to examine the relationship of leader-member ex change and employee ret enti on through the mediating effect of worklife balance. This framework is based on the social exchange theory and tokenism theory. The hypothesis was tested statistically by analyzing the responses from women empl oyees working in the Information Technology and Business Process Management (IT BPM) industry using SEM AMOS. The result motivates human resource managers to focus on enhancement of healthy leader-member exchange relationship that ensures retention of women talent.
Over the years there have been different implementations of gamification that have proven to have results in different
areas of education, mostly to motivate students, however the use of game design elements is always the same, the use
of a story, medals, awards, points, and leaderboards. This research aims to perform advanced gamification using little
or unexplored game design elements that can bring benefits in terms of engagement and motivation of our students,
these elements are obtained from Jesse Schell’s game design perspectives which have been a reference in game
design for the last decade, this research focuses on the implementation of a semester-long course that was taught in
February-June 2022 semester at the Tecnológico de Monterrey at national level in virtual format. The surprises, the curiosity,
the challenges, the random dynamics, the moments of interaction between groups. the policies against cheaters,
the networking and strategy helped to generate commitment in the students and 25% of the students took extracurricular
courses thanks to the rewards that were offered.
In this chapter, we firstly focus on the topic of our work, which is grounded in the knowledge-based view of the firm and inter-firm relationships. Still in the introductory part, we clarify what is out of our scope and then, having set some boundaries, we outline the four research fields that do converge to build our research object. Right after, we briefly introduce them in the four following sections. Then, we shortly comment some of the papers, which help to understand board interlocksBoard interlocks (BINT) as forms of coordination enabling knowledgeKnowledge creation/sharing/transfer between organizations: this is what we call the knowledge-based view of inter-firm interlock coordination. Next, we introduce the reader not only to the issue of interlocking directorates, but also to that of shared managers across companies’ departments and that of hybrid manager–director coordination roles: two phenomena substantially neglected so far, but indeed constituting fundamental means of operative and strategic coordinationStrategic coordination that accompany or often substitute board interlocksBoard interlocks (BINT). Finally, we briefly address to the antitrustAntitrust literature and the standard economics view of board interlocks.
Biomarkers have been proposed as powerful classification features for use in the training of neural network-based and other machine learning and artificial intelligence-based prognostic models in the field of personalized medicine and for targeted interventions in patient management. Biomarkers are measurable indications of a health state, that can be derived from blood sample, tissue or other bodily fluid. An example of a biomarker is the electrocardiogram that records electrical signals from the heart, and thus evaluates heart condition. Biomarkers can lead to actionable insights and for that are important tools for patient management and treatment administration. In this paper, we outline a medical application with a machine learning backbone built with biomarkers retrieved from blood exams that define health states (obesity, metabolic syndrome and systolic pressure), via rational unified process and cross industry standard process for data mining. By adopting novel ways to deploy these industry standards we can identify health sector related requirements and challenges and thus design and propose smart solutions that add value to all stakeholders. New technologies have the potential to create new pathways in medicine by bridging the gap between the laboratory and the patient, however strong medical validation of processes is required to ensure usability and patient’s safety. We recognise regulation and validation as key challenges and important factors for the improvement of the development of health care applications. Towards this we shall define when a software application is considered as a medical device. Since the regulator is identified as an important stakeholder, strategies are suggested for the proper handling of this stakeholder through out the production cycle.
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo para estruturar o processo de inovação desde a geração de ideias até o gerenciamento de projetos, passando pela gestão de portfólio, visando sua aplicação em um contexto real de governo. É importante ressaltar que a inovação é uma atividade complexa, particularmente na administração pública, em que é necessário entregar mais valor público com menos investimento. Entretanto, há evidências de que uma maior estruturação do processo de inovação pode conduzir a melhores resultados. Isto posto, o presente artigo relata a implementação de um modelo com base científica e prática, que permite apoiar todo o processo de inovação para a entrega de valor público. Por outro lado, sua principal limitação reside no fato de que a implantação foi concluída recentemente, portanto, seu resultado ainda não pode ser mensurado.
The major aim of the study was to examine the impact of total quality management (TQM) on organizational reputation (OR). Therefore, it focused on the faculty members in five public universities, whose number is (5477) faculty members. As for the study sample, it consisted of a proportional stratified sample of (390) individuals, and after the questionnaire was distributed with (410), 390 were recovered, valid for the purposes of statistical analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test hypotheses. The results showed that all total quality management dimensions had a positive impact relationship on organizational reputation except focus on beneficiary. Based on the results of the study, researchers recommend managers and decision-makers in public universities to pay attention to the university management standard (higher leadership), which has the largest role in supporting and activating the application of total quality management.
Innovation is the primary driving force for the sustainable development of human civilization, economy and society.
There's no need to state again the complexity of the problem of achieving high performance in the new product process. What we do need is a framework to help sort out the complexity, and that is what Eunsang Yoon and Gary Lilien provide in this article. They first differentiate between original and reformulated new products. Then they examine how patterns of R&D and marketing activities determine short and long‐run success.
Better new product performance is important for the survival of the firm. Based on a three-dimensional performance space, 110 new products launched from 55 Australian firms are grouped into five performance clusters. Performance groups from ‘Stars’—the winning group to—‘Dogs’—the worst performance group. The five groups could be well explained by the impact constructs. ‘Stars’; did what one expects for winning projects (product advantage, homework, cross-functional team, reasonable risk level, etc.), ‘Dogs’ were identified as doing nearly everything wrong. The Australian results were tested against international findings and concurred fully. Managerial implications are detailed.
The organizational change literature contains diverse characterizations of change processes with contradictory implications for strategic mianagers. Many inconsistencies are resolved by classifying models of organizational change according to the primary mode of change (continuous or discontinuous) and the primary level at which change occurs (organization or industry) to yield four basic types of change: adaptation, metamorphosis, evolution, and revolution. These types influence organizations' adaptive responses, shape industries' competitive structures, and constrain researchers' methods of inquiry. This paper identifies a gap in the literature: theory and research focusing on discontinuous changes occurring at the industry level of analysis. A perspective on this type of change is developed, and applied in a historical analysis of the hospital induistry. Data from a longitudinal field study are used to illustrate various organizational responses to discontinuities. The history of life contains long periods of
The present study is an attempt to identify the determinants of innovation in public agencies, i.e., the degree to which they adopt and emphasize programs that depart from traditional concerns. Innovation is suggested to be the function of an interaction among the motivation to innovate, the strength of obstacles against innovation, and the availability of resources for overcoming such obstacles.
The significance of the research can be viewed in terms of Hyneman's observation nearly twenty years ago that bureaucratic agencies “… may fail to take the initiative and supply the leadership that is required of them in view of their relation to particular sectors of public affairs. …” His concern was the responsiveness of the public sector not only to expressed wants but to public wants that may go unexpressed, or be only weakly expressed, and whose utility is much more easily recognized by the informed bureaucratic official than by the ordinary citizen.
While the results and conclusions to be reported appear to be largely valid for organizations in general, the empirical focus will be local departments of public health which, as a class, have had a rather dramatic succession of opportunities to respond to new public problems over the past twenty-five years. A brief introductory paragraph will orient the reader to the applied setting.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource‐based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high‐velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well‐known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high‐velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long‐term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high‐velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although the role of market knowledge competence in enhancing new product advantage is assumed widely in the literature, empirical studies are lacking because of an absence of the concept definition. In this study, the authors conceptualize market knowledge competence as the processes that generate and integrate market knowledge. The authors test the conceptual model using data collected from the software industry. The findings show that each of the three processes of market knowledge competence exerts a positive influence on new product advantage. The results also reveal a positive association between new product advantage and product market performance. The findings regarding the antecedents indicate that the perceived importance of market knowledge by top management has the largest impact on the processes of market knowledge competence.
The authors provide an empirical test of the effects of competition on the adoption of technological innovations by organizations. They follow the conceptualization developed in the model they proposed previously in the Journal of Marketing. An empirical study of the factors accounting for the adoption or rejection of a high technology innovation is reported. The results suggest that firms most receptive to innovation are in concentrated industries with limited price intensity and that supplier incentives and vertical links to buyers are important in achieving adoption. The results also suggest that adopters can be separated from nonadopters by their information-processing characteristics.
This study adopted an interactional approach to understanding how 2 of the Five-Factor traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness, are related to creative behavior in the workplace. Openness to experience is theorized to result in high levels of creative behavior and conscientiousness is theorized to result in low levels of creative behavior when the situation allows for the manifestation of the trait influences. More specifically, the authors hypothesized that openness to experience would result in high levels of creative behavior if feedback valence were positive and job holders were presented with a heuristic task that allowed them to be creative. The authors also hypothesized that conscientiousness would result in low levels of creative behavior if supervisors engaged in close monitoring and coworkers were unsupportive. The authors tested their hypotheses in a sample of office workers, and 5 out of the 6 hypotheses were supported.
How are we to make sense of the way work is organised and controlled? To what extent is its design the result of technological demands, the interests of capital or processes of negotiation and struggle? In recent years labour process analysis, revived by Braverman's Labor and Monopoly Capital , has been most influential in shaping our thinking about this question. With contributions from leading authorities in the field, this book reviews the contribution of the labour process theory to the study of work organisation. Providing a fresh response to criticisms of 'Bravermania' and lost momentum, the volume explores the theoretical foundations of labour process analysis and suggests new directions for its development
A new approach to measuring R&D effectiveness focuses on what R&D managers intuitively know is important. Ten R&D activities, from selecting the projects to linking R&D to business planning, are measured by identifying at which of six levels an R&D department is operating. The six levels are: (1) issue is not recognized; (2) initial efforts are made toward addressing issue; (3) right skills are in place; (4) appropriate methods are used; (5) responsibilities are clarified; and (6) continuous improvement is underway. With this approach, R&D managers can identify which activities their department needs to improve in and how it needs to improve.
This paper reports the development and psychometric validation of a multi-dimensional measure of facet-specific climate for innovation within groups at work: the Team Climate Inventory (TCI). Brief reviews of the organizational climate and work group innovation literatures are presented initially, and the need for measures of facet-specific climate at the level of the proximal work group asserted. The four-factor theory of facet-specific climate for innovation, which was derived from these reviews, is described, and the procedures used to operationalize this model into the original version measure described. Data attesting to underlying factor structure, internal homogeneity, predictive validity and factor replicability across groups of the summarized measure are presented. An initial sample of 155 individuals from 27 hospital management teams provided data for the exploratory factor analysis of this measure. Responses from 121 further groups in four occupations (35 primary health care teams, 42 social services teams, 20 psychiatric teams and 24 oil company teams; total N=971) were used to apply confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This five-factor, 38-item summarized version demonstrates robust psychometric properties, with acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Potential applications of this measure are described and the implication of these findings for the measurement of proximal work group climate are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed ‘best practice’). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal, and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic, stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of RBV, we conclude that traditional RBV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markets, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
I find that a firm's innovation output increases with the number of collaborative linkages maintained by it, the number of structural holes it spans, and the number of partners of its partners. However, innovation is negatively related to the interaction between spanning many structural holes and having partners with many partners.
Effective internal technology transfer—the implementation of technical systems developed and disseminated to operational subunits within a single organization—depends not only upon the cost, quality, and compatibility of the technology, but also upon two processes of interaction between developers and users. These are user involvement in development and adaptation by the developers and users of both the technical system itself and the workplace. Analyses of data from 34 projects in four large electronics companies provide support for our hypotheses. © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.
At what level is new value created, or, put differently, what is the locus of knowledge? While knowledge and capabilities-based researchers argue that the locus of new value and knowledge lies at the firm level, we challenge this conceptualization and theoretically build toward more individualist foundations. We explicate the underlying philosophical assumptions of extant knowledge and capabilities-based work and discuss attributional problems. Nested (individual-level. a priori) heterogeneity may provide a better explanation of collective heterogeneity.
This paper focuses on dynamic capabilities and, more generally, the resource-based view of the firm. We argue that dynamic capabilities are a set of specific and identifiable processes such as product development, strategic decision making, and alliancing. They are neither vague nor tautological. Although dynamic capabilities are idiosyncratic in their details and path dependent in their emergence, they have significant commonalities across firms (popularly termed 'best practice'). This suggests that they are more homogeneous, fungible, equifinal and substitutable than is usually assumed. In moderately dynamic markets, dynamic capabilities resemble the traditional conception of routines. They are detailed, analytic stable processes with predictable outcomes. In contrast, in high-velocity markets, they are simple, highly experiential and fragile processes with unpredictable outcomes. Finally, well-known learning mechanisms guide the evolution of dynamic capabilities. In moderately dynamic markets, the evolutionary emphasis is on variation. In high-velocity markets, it is on selection. At the level of REV, we conclude that traditional REV misidentifies the locus of long-term competitive advantage in dynamic markers, overemphasizes the strategic logic of leverage, and reaches a boundary condition in high-velocity markets. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrative measuring scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of R&D departments has been developed and empirically validated for 28 Korean industrial companies based on responses from department managers and workers. Although 25 evaluation criteria were initially chosen, results indicate that 15 could be used without losing much predictive power, thus simplifying the measuring task. This scheme is believed to overcome the difficulties of determining and monitoring R&D effectiveness noted by several authorities.
Earlier studies of U.S. R&D projects identified a set of factors to help recognize which projects are most likely to fail. With greater internationalization, it is necessary to understand whether the same factors can indicate failing projects in other countries. A recent study comparing R&D projects from the U.S. and Germany reveals that the factors are common for projects in both countries, with, of course, minor differences. With similar market, technological, and to some extent cultural, environments in Germany and in the U.S. the commonality of the factors is very high. The authors suggest that these factors are universal so long as the market and technological environments are similar.
Understanding Practice brings together the many different perspectives that have been applied to examining social context. From Ole Dreier's work on the therapeutic relationship, to Hugh Mehan's work on learning by disabled students, to Charles and Janet Keller's work on blacksmithing, the chapters form a diverse and fascinating look at situated learning. A distinctive feature of the book is the wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches to the problem of understanding cognition in everyday settings.
A new approach to measuring R&D effectiveness focuses on what R&D managers intuitively know is important. Ten R&D activities, from selecting the projects to linking R&D to business planning, are measured by identifying at which of six levels an R&D department is operating. The six levels are: (1) issue is not recognized; (2) initial efforts are made toward addressing issue; (3) right skills are in place; (4) appropriate methods are used; (5) responsibilities are clarified; and (6) continuous improvement is underway. With this approach, R&D managers can compare their department's performance in each activity against an “average” department, and identify those activities in which their department needs to improve.
The paper highlights some of the findings about leadership in general. It reviews the few studies of leadership that have been done in research and development (R&D). It concludes with some suggestions for studying technical leadership and, ultimately, improving it.
This paper reports the development and psychometric validation of a multi-dimensional measure of facet-specific climate for innovation within groups at work: the Team Climate Inventory (TCI). Brief reviews of the organizational climate and work group innovation literatures are presented initially, and the need for measures of facet-specific climate at the level of the proximal work group asserted. The four-factor theory of facet-specific climate for innovation, which was derived from these reviews, is described, and the procedures used to operationalize this model into the original version measure described. Data attesting to underlying factor structure, internal homogeneity, predictive validity and factor replicability across groups of the summarized measure are presented. An initial sample of 155 individuals from 27 hospital management teams provided data for the exploratory factor analysis of this measure. Responses from 121 further groups in four occupations (35 primary health care teams, 42 social services teams, 20 psychiatric teams and 24 oil company teams; total N = 971) were used to apply confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This five-factor, 38-item summarized version demonstrates robust psychometric properties, with acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Potential applications of this measure are described and the implication of these findings for the measurement of proximal work group climate are discussed.
The increasing liberalization of markets coupled with the creation of new markets for intermediate products is stripping firm-level competitive advantage back to its fundamental core: difficult to create and difficult to imitate intangible assets. This article explores these developments and elucidates implications for the management of intellectual capital inside firms.
The process of exchange is almost continual in human interactions, and appears to have characteristics peculiar to itself, and to generate affect, motivation, and behavior that cannot be predicted unless exchange processes are understood. This chapter describes two major concepts relating to the perception of justice and injustice; the concept of relative deprivation and the complementary concept of relative gratification. All dissatisfaction and low morale are related to a person's suffering injustice in social exchanges. However, a significant portion of cases can be usefully explained by invoking injustice as an explanatory concept. In the theory of inequity, both the antecedents and consequences of perceived injustice have been stated in terms that permit quite specific predictions to be made about the behavior of persons entering social exchanges. Relative deprivation and distributive justice, as theoretical concepts, specify some of the conditions that arouse perceptions of injustice and complementarily, the conditions that lead men to feel that their relations with others are just. The need for much additional research notwithstanding, the theoretical analyses that have been made of injustice in social exchanges should result not only in a better general understanding of the phenomenon, but should lead to a degree of social control not previously possible. The experience of injustice need not be an accepted fact of life.
Executive jobs vary widely in the difficulty they pose for their incumbents, yet research on top executives and strategic decision making has largely ignored this reality. We build on work in industrial/organizational psychology to develop the construct of executive job demands; discuss its major determinants; propose some of its key implications for strategic choices and leadership behaviors; and propose the usefulness of this construct in advancing research on numerous fronts, including agency theory, executive compensation, and upper echelons.
A two-level scheme for reviewing contingency theory research on organizational strategy is proposed. This scheme employs a systems model for delineating the domain of contingency perspectives on strategy research at the first level and incorporates relevant analytical dimensions at the second level. Patterns observed reinforce criticisms of contingency theory research in other macro-organizational areas. Recommendations pertaining to both theoretical and methodological issues are offered to strategy researchers conducting contingency theory-based empirical investigations.
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