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Long-Term Densification of Terrestrial Reference Frame in Central Europe as the Result of Central Europe Regional Geodynamic Project 1994-2006
Abstract
Cooperation of 14 Central European countries in the framework of the Central Europe Regional Geodynamics Project (CERGOP)
resulted in determination of coordinates and velocities for more than 50 sites in Central Europe, Alpine-Adria region and
Balkan Peninsula. The set of selected stations with carefully checked monumentation and observational environment comprises
the Central Europe Geodynamics Reference Network (CEGRN). This network is recently strengthened by new permanent stations
in the region. Epoch campaigns at CEGRN sites were performed annually or bi-annually during period from 1994 to 2005. In 2006
one week of observations at permanent CEGRN stations was arranged as additional campaign. Simultaneous processing of all campaigns
allowed defining horizontal coordinates with accuracy at 2 – 4mm level and horizontal velocities with accuracy 0.5 – 1.0mm/year.
The link to the ITRS is achieved through a set of IGS and EPN permanent stations which were intentionally included in analysis
of CEGRN epoch campaigns. The accuracy and reliability of obtained velocities is examined by the comparison with data from
independent sources. We present here the obtained final velocities referred to ITRF2000 as well as the plots of intraplate
velocities.
In this chapter we review some results of the PCRM theory, consider applications to decision making support in conditions of risk, and develop numerical methods for searching optimal decisions. An investment decisions making under catastrophic flood risks is considered as a particular application.
Series of repeated epoch-wise GPS campaigns performed in Central European region are used for estimation of site velocities. The main features of campaign processing and combination of network solutions are outlined. The velocities obtained from epoch observations within the Central Europe Regional Geodynamic Project covering the 11-year time span are compared at some sites with velocities derived from permenent GPS observations. epoch GPS network, Central Europe Geodynamic Reference Network, site velocities - horizontal and vertical, intraplate velocity field in Central Europe.
Recent space geodetic station velocity solutions of different techniques are combined in a common global adjustment to estimate lithospheric plate rotation vectors and to model regional crustal deformations. Kinematic datum parameters (3D rotation vectors) and relative weights are estimated for each technique in the combination procedure. The overall kinematic datum is realized by a “no net rotation” constraint. The result provides an Actual Plate Kinematic Model (APKIM) including twelve major plates (only Cocos plate is missing) and the regional deformation pattern in four plate boundary zones (Mediterranean, Japan, California, South American Andes).
User manual of the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0
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The project "CERGOP-2, a Multipurpose and Interdisciplinary Sensor Array for Environmental Research in Central Europe" was approved by EU within the 5th Framework Program and has been started recently (February 2003). Based on a long years cooperation during the last decade 14 partners of 13 countries situated in Central Europe will manage 17 work-packages. The project will upgrade and condense the existing network CEGRN during the first year to about 80-100 multi-purpose GNSS stations (permanent and epoch). The epoch stations will be measured during the first and the third project year, local campaigns as well as scientific investigations will be carried out during the whole period. As a result we expect for a considerable area of Europe (15 %): A network set-up operable for the next decade; velocity field and strain maps fur future geodynamical investigations and hazard mitigation; data for climate research and weather forecast; data for real time navigation, a seamless data-bank for scientific and public access. The CEGRN consortium will guarantee the required long-term operation, the "Memorandum of Agreement" was signed September 2001 by all project partners. An update of the consortium's status and its activities is given. The paper further will discuss the decisions of the project kick-off meeting as well as question in which way the Consortium should interact and evolve in the new project environment.
The Central European Geodynamics Project CERGOP-2, funded by the European Union from 2003 to 2006 under the 5th Framework Programme, benefited from repeated measurements of the coordinates of epoch and permanent GPS stations of the Central European GPS Reference Network (CEGRN), starting in 1994. Here we report on the results of the systematic processing of available data up to 2005. The analysis has yielded velocities for some 60 sites, covering a variety of Central European tectonic provinces, from the Adria Indenter to the Tauern Window, the Dinarides, the Pannonian Basin, the Vrancea Seismic Zone and the Carpathian Mountains. The estimated velocities define kinematical patterns which outline, with varying spatial resolution depending on the station density and history, the present-day surface kinematics in Central Europe. Horizontal velocities are analyzed after removal from the ITRF2000 estimated velocities of a rigid rotation accounting for the mean motion of Europe: a ∼2.3 mm/year north–south oriented convergence rate between Adria and the Southern Alps that can be considered to be the present-day velocity of the Adria Indenter relative to the European Foreland. An eastward extrusion zone initiates at the Tauern Window. The lateral eastward flow towards the Pannonian Basin exhibits a gentle gradient from 1 to 1.5 mm/year immediately east of the Tauern Window to zero in the Pannonian Basin. This kinematic continuity implies that the Pannonian plate fragment recently suggested by seismic data does not require a specific Eulerian pole. On the southeastern boundary of the Adria microplate, we report a velocity drop from 4 to 4.5 mm/year motion near Matera to ∼1 mm/year north of the Dinarides, in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin. A positive velocity gradient as one moves south from West Ukraine across Rumania and Bulgaria is estimated to be 2 mm/year on a scale of 600–800 km, as if the crust were dragged by the counterclockwise rotation along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. This regime apparently does not interfere with the Vrancea Seismic Zone: earthquakes there are sufficiently deep (>100 km) that the brittle deformation at depth can be considered as decoupled from the creep at the surface. We conclude that models of the Quaternary tectonics of Central and Eastern Europe should not neglect the long wavelength, nearly aseismic deformation affecting the upper crust in the Romanian and Bulgarian regions.
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