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Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896 (Cladocera, Moinidae) in Central Europe

Authors:

Abstract

Moina weismanni Ishikawa is reported from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The species was formerly synonymized with Moina micrura Kurz, based on parthenogenotic females. In both species, parthenogenetic females have a characteristic postabdomen, antennules (characters formerly regarded as typical for a variety of M. micrura), and ephippium. Wales are quite different. Examined populations of both species are similar in length-to-width ratio. M. weismanni is typical for small, eutrophic but permanent, and for large temporary water bodies. M. micrura is restricted to the plankton.
o
Hydrobiologia l9O: 33-42.
1990.
O
1990 Kluwer Academic
Publishers. Printed
in
Belsium
Moina
weismanni
Ishikawa, 1896
(Cladocera,
Moinidae)
in
Central
Europe
Igor
Hudec
Bodrog
and
Homdd watersheds, 1OlV
-
Hydrobiol.
lab.,
bumbierska 16,
041 59
Ko'sice,
Czechoslovakia
Received 9 June 1988;
in revised form2'7 July 1988; accepted
21
October 1988
Key words: Crustacea, Cladocera,
Moinidae,
M.
weismanni, taxonomy, Central
Europe
Abstract
Moina weismanni Ishikawa
is reported from
Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The species was
formerly
synonymized with Moina micrura
Kurz,
based
on
parthenogenotic
females. In both species,
parthenogenetic
females have a characteristic
postabdomen,
antennules
(characters
formerly regarded
as
typical
for
a variety
of M. micrura), and ephippium.lWales are
quite
different.
Examined
populations
of
both
species are similar
in length-to-width ratio. M. weismanni is typical
for
small, eutrophic but
perma-
nent,
and
for large temporary water bodies.
M.
micrura
is restricted to
the
plankton.
JJ
Introduction
Analysing Slovakian
populations
of
Moina
micwa
Kurz, we suspected the
presence
of two
different
species. Both
have a different biology
and
morphological
characters that are
best seen
in males.
The morphology
of
parthenogenetic
females
is similar. However,
there we found dif-
ferences in antennules
and
postabdomen
that
were formerly regarded as
part
of the variability
of
M.
micrura
Kurz. Both species,M. weismanniand
M. micrura, also
have
a
quite
different ephippium.
The taxonomical status of
M.
micrura
Kurz has
long
been confused.
From Europe
two small
Moinids M. micrura Ktxz, 187 4 and M. rectirostris
Leydig, 1820 were
described.
The hrst redescrip-
tion of M. miuura was
made
by 5r6mek-Hu5ek
(1940),
who
concluded
that M. rectirostns was
a
good
species, but a synonymy between
M.
micrura
and
M. rectirostis
was established by Goulden
(1e68).
Moina
weismanni
was
described by
Ishikawa
(1896)
from Japan and
has
been
reporteed from
many
areas
in
the
Far East: Japan,
China
(Ishikawa,
1896;
Sars,
1903), Cambodia
(Brehm,
1951), and India
(Brehm,
1963), and first reported
from Europe
by
Margaritora et
al.
(1987)
from
Italy.
Information from Czechoslovakia on
popu-
lations with
a tuberculated
ephippium
and'slight
differences'
in
the end
claw of the
postabdomen
was
published
by
Vojtek
(1958)
from
South
Moravia. He
again
included these
populations
into
the variability
of M.
micrura
Kirz. Recently
Vranovskj'
(1984) g
ve a short diagnosis
for
a
Moina
cf. micrura
with
a
postabdomen
charac-
teristic for M. weismanni from South Slovakia.
34
Material examined
Material
from
the
following
localities was
ana-
lysed:
l. Moina
weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
C
z e c
ho s lov a ki a :
107
I
B rati slava- P
etr
i.
6lka,
p
o ol,
July 9. 1955,
coll. J. Brtek
(parthenogenetic
females); 25311
KomSrno settlement
Dulov
Dvor, large
pond,
August 30. 1983,
coll. J. Brtek
(quantitative
sample of
parthenogenetic
and
ephippial females and males); Iriadovce,
fish
pond
CH-11,
CH-9,
August 26.
1986, coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
and ephippial females
and
males); Vel'k6
Trakany
-
Mal6 Trakany,
large
pool,
June
10. 1981,
coll. author
(parthenogenetic
females).
Hungary: Mosca, large
pool,
August 28,
1983,
coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
females);
56ro-
spatak, large
pool
in
inundation
of River Bodrog,
July 17. 1984,
coll. author
(parthenogenetic
females).
Yugoslavia: Bilje,
large
pool (march?)
in
inundation
of
River Donau,
August
6. 1986, coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
females).
China: Dalai-Nor, outflowing
river, July 16.
1938,
coll. T. Kawamura, D. Miyadi
(partheno-
genetic
and ephippial females
and
males)
-
from
col.
Dr. Koiinek
-
Prasue.
2. Moina micrura Kwz, 1874
Czechoslovakia: 23401 Medvedov.
arm of River
Donau,
August 15. 1982, collm.
J. Brtek
(quanti-
tative sample of
parthenogenetic
and ephippial
females
and
males); Vel'kj'
Kamenec,
arm
Kardava June 7. 1981,
coll. author
(only
parthenogenetic
females).
The
study of variability is
based on the follow-
ing charactels:
body dimension
(measured
according to Sr6mek-Hu5ek, 1962),
antennules,
1-st
thoracic limb,
postabdomen,
ephippium,
and
biology.
A
comparison of
a
population
of M. weismanni
from Kom6rno
and of M. micwafrom
Medvedov
is
given
in Figs.
18 to 20
and
Tabl. 1.
Moina
weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
Diagnosis
-female
with rounded head
and with
supraocular
depression.
Antennules
short
and
thick. Compound
eye large, ocellus
absent.
Shell
valves with 14-17
short thick
setae on ventral
margin, followed
by minute
setae arranged in
groups.
First
thoracic limb
with short
anterior
seta
on
penultimate
segment. Terminal
claw with
pecten
oflong, fine spicules
and I-2 fine flakes
on
ventral base. Postabdomen
with 7-8 feathered
spines
and
long
unequal
bident tooth. Ephippium
with one egg,
polygonally
reticulated
near margin,
in
central and dorsal
part
with raised knobs.
Male
antennula long
with two sensory
setae
near
bend, and 4 short
and thick hooks on
anterior
part.
First
thoracic limb
narrow with
small hook
*
on third segment
and
one long
seta
and two
feathered
setae on
terminal sesment.
Female
Head broadly rounded,
one
third of total
body
length,
similar
to
Moina
micrura Kurz.
A well
developed supraocular
depression.
Compound
eye large,
situated near frontal margin
(Figs.
1,
2).
Antennules
(Figs.
4, 4a)
short, spaced.
A row
of long hairs
on
posterior
margin;
fine, short hairs
on the
body.
Table 1. The numerical
characteristics of M. micrura Kurz
and M.
weismanni
Ishikawa.
M. micrura Kurz M.
weismanni
Ishikawa
Parthenogenetic
females
lengthmm X+s*
max.
widthmm X+s*
max.
Ephippial
females
lengthmm
X+s*
max.
widthmm
X+s*
max.
Males
lengthmm
X+s*
max.
widthmm X+s^
max.
N: 72
0.67
1
0.068
0.85
0.33
t
0.063
0.50
N:
14
0.63
1
0.020
0.66
0.39
I
0.040
0.44
N: 16
0.53
t
0.037
0.59
0.29
!
0.023
0.33
N:
58
0.85
t
0.059
0.95
0.58
I
0.059
0.72
N=21
0.81
1
0.063
0.92
0.53
1
0.045
0.58
N=21
0.59
t
0.059
0.6'7
0.32
t
0.040
0.3'7
1 1
,K
t\
fi
35
7a
Figs. 1-4. Moina weismanri Ishikawa 1896; Fig. 1.
parthenogenetic
female
(lateral
view); Frg. 2.
phippial
female
(lateral
view);
Fig.2a. detail ofthe shell
rim
(in
median
part);
Fig.2b.detail ofthe shell rim
(near
shell hooks);
Frg.2c.shell hooks;
f'rg.
3.
ephippial female
(dorsal
view);
Frg. 4, 4a.
antenntles;
F'rgs.
5, 6. Moina micrura Kurz 1874; Frg.
5. ephippium;
Fis.6. antennula.
36
Antennae long
and well developed. Setulation
pattern
typical of
Moina:0-0-1-3/1-1-3.
Spine for-
mula:
0-1-0-1/0-0-1.
Valves
(Figs.
1-3) without
surface hairs
(also
in
Chinese material).
Shelll either oblong or rounded
as
seen
by
M.
micrura. Ventral shell margin
with
14-17
short setae
(Fig.2a)
followed
by minute
setae arranged in
groups (Fig.
2b).
A
pair
of
curved hooks
(Fig.
2c)
on each valve locatedjust
ventral to the highest
point
of
the valves.
First thoracic limb
(Fig.
9, Pl. 1
: 5). First endite
with four
two-segmented setae, second
endite
with one two-segmented seta,
third endite with
one two-segmented seta
and
one
anterior short
seta. Fourth segment
with three terminal setae.
Ejector hooks on
basipodite
well
developed.
Terminal
claw
(Fig.8)
with fine
pecten
on
dorsal margin consisting of 15-21 hne long
teeth
and a
row of hne
short
hairs
up to the tip. Near
the ventral base of
terminal
claw, l-2 fine flakes.
Postabdomen
(Fig.
7) long.
Conical
postanal
extention
about one-third its length,
bearing
7-9
feathered
teeth
and
one
bidental tooth.
Rami
urtequal. Several rows of minute
setae on and near
dorsal margin.
Ephippium
(Figs.
2, 3, Pl. 1:1,2)
with one egg,
polygonaly
reticulated
near its
entire
margin.
Cen-
tral
and
dorsal
party
with raised knobs.
Male
Head
about one fourth of total
body
length,
rounded,
with slight supraocular
depression
(Fig.
10, Pl. 1:
3).
Antennules
long,
about
half
of
total body
length.
They originate nea"r the
tip of
the head
(Fig.
10)
and are nearly bald. Two
sen-
sory
setae
near
the base ofthe
antennules.
Tip
of
antennulds with four short
and thick
recurved
hooks
(Fig.
11).
Fine
hairs on ventro-anterior
part
of shell.
First
thoracic limb
(Fig.
12, Pl. 1:4)
short and
thin, with short
copulatory
hook
on third segment.
Shape oflimb cylindrical, with two feathered
setae
and one short thick hook. A short,
expanded
knob
just
opposite
the copulatory hook.
Postabdomen
as in female.
Discussion
Comparing only
parthenogenetic
females,
M.
weismanni
and M.
micrura
are
similar
in many
characters
(length,
general
shape,
postabdomen,
first
thoracic limb
etc.).
An
analysis of sizes
(Figs.
19, 20, Tabl.
1)
and
of
the
ratio
of width
to
length
(Fig.
21)
does not
reveal signihcant
differences
between
both
species
either.
For
an exact differentiation
of M.
weismanni
and M. micrura,
sexual
populations
and mainly
males
are necessary.
The
distinctive
features
of M.
weismanni
females
are:
I
I
the terminal
claw of
postabdomen
;
2l
the antennules;
3/ the ephippium.
M.
weismanni: lf
pecten
with 15-21
fine
long
spicules
and l-2 fine
flakes on
the ventral
base;
2/
antennules
short
and thick, spaced;
3f central
and dorsal
part
of ephippium with
raised knobs.
M.
micrura
(Central
European
populations):
1/
pecten
with
10-15 short
thick thorns
near
triangular
shape
and 5-6
hne
flakes on
the ventral
base; 2l
antennules long
and spindleJike
(Fig.
6;
3)
central
part
of
ephippium nearly
amorphic
(Fig.
5, Pl. 1:6).
The
distinctive characters
of the males
are:
Ilthe
antennules; 2/the
first
thoracic limb;
3/ setulation
on the surface
of the
shell valves;
4/ the
postabdomen (similar
to that
of
females).
M. weismanni:
If
antennules long,
bend, thick
near
the base; tip
with
four
short,
thick hooks;
2l
ftst thoracic limb
short,
cylindrical, with
short
copulatory hook
on third segment;
3/ shell valves
with frne, long hairs
on ventro-anterior
surface.
M. micrura.'
1/ antennules
long
and thin, tip
with
three long
and thin hooks
(Figs.
13-15,
Pl. 1:7); 2l
first
thoracic limb: shape
of corpus
near semioval
with long
copulatory hook
on third
segment
(Fig.
17); 3/ shell
valve surface
entirely
naked
(Table
2).
The biology
of both species is
also different.
Moina
micwa Kurz in
Czechoslovakia is
a
limnetic
species of
plankton
communities
in reser-
voirs,
large lakes,
dead river
arms etc. It co-occurs
with Diap
hanos oma
brachyurum Li6v ., D.
lacus tis
(Koiinek),
Daphnia
galeata
Sars,
D.
cucullata
5t
TIT
rT|-\d
10b
Figs. 7-12. Moina weismanni Ishikawa,
1896; Fig.7.
postabdomen
of
female; Frg.
8. terminal claw with bidental tooth
(female);
Fig.9.
l-st thoracic limb; Frg. 10. male
(lateral
view); ,Frg. //. distal
part
of the antennula
(male);
FrS:. 12. L-st thoracic limb
(male);
FiS. 13 . Moina micrura Kurz 1874
-
antennula of the male.
39
14a
l4b
Figs. 14-17. MoinamicruraKurzlST4;Fig. 14. male
(lateralview);Frg.
14a.
detailof the shellrim(anteriorpart);Fig. 14b. detail
of the shell rim
(posterior part);Fig.
/J. distal
part
of antennula
(male);
Fig. 16.1-st thoracic limb
(male);
Fig. 17.
terminal claw
with bidental
tooth
(female);
Fig. 18. Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
-
antennules
-
dorsal aspect
(male).
Arr comparative scares
x:.,1;ff1'.'",'.::,lf ffi#:i#,::H"#:'.:.,ffi:'(#'l 3"li-tili,'Jl.t;1mm'
Arl ngures
were
made
Sar
s, B osmina longirostris O.F.M., Ceriodaphnia
pulchella
Sars,
Pleuroxus uncinatus Baird,
Leptodora kindti Focke. Only sporadically does it
occur in temporary waters, and usually in inun-
dation areas of
large water bodies.
Moina weismanni Ishikawa
prefers
large shal-
low
eutrophicated
permanent
waters such
as
fish
ponds.
It often occurs in
large
temporary waters,
village
ponds,
and
depressions
in fields,
and
spoeadically in
small temporary water, together
with
M.
brachiata Jurine.
M. weismanni mainly
co-occurs with
Daphnia
curvirostris
Eylman,
emend. Johnson,
Bosmina
longirostris
O.F.M.,
D aphnia longispina
O.
F.M.,
Chydorus sphaericus O.F.M., emend.
Frey.
M.
micrura
Kurz is
atrue
European
species, but
M.
weismanniwas evidently introduced to
Europe
along with experimental
introductions
of
rice.
A
first
experiment in
Slovakia was made
in 1948,
and in Hungary
probably
a
little
earlier.
Today M.
weismanni
appears well
acclimated,
and it has become
a constant
element of
the
f^
t"
t;
"-;{l
FEMALES
PARTH,
40
Table 2.
Morphological differences
between
Moina
micrura
Kurz and
Moina weismanni
Ishikawa.
Character
Moina
micrura
Moina weismanni
z.
U
f
a
U
E
U
N
o
MALE
6
0
6
J
0
z.
z
tn
U
=
z
O
Female
Antennules
Setae on ventral
shell rim
Feathered teeth
on
postabdomen
Flakes
on
ventral
base
of terminal
4-6
claw
Pecten on termi-
nal
claw
(denticles)
Ephippium
(reticulation)
Stout spindle-
Stout
spaced
like appart
and
lateral
t3-2r
14-17
5-7
7-9
9-t3
Short thick
Polygonal
near
margins and
near
amorph
in cen-
tral
part
11
t5-21
Long
thin
Polygonal and
raised knobs
in
central
part
tr
L ENGTH
0,5
0,6
Fig. 19.
Size
frequency
reproductive stages
of
0,7
0,8
0,s 1,0
(mm)
breakdown by
instar,
sex of the
M.
weismanni
from
sample No.
2531.
c
=
d.
a
z.
O
J
0
EPHIP.
!
Male
Number
hooks
on
antennula
l-st
limb
Copulatory
hooks
Postabdomen
Superfrcial
setu-
les
on shell valves
3
long
Thick
Large
As
by
female
Not
present
4 short
Narrow
Reduced
As by
female
Present on anterio
ventral
part
I
41
O
z
U
f,
U
E
U
N
6
15
F
EMAL
ES
6
J
t--l
0rJ
[;
,^",tI
L
ENGTH
oA 0,s 0,6 07
0,8
0,9
1mm)
Fig.20. Size lrequency
breakdown by instar, sex of
the
reproductive
stages ol M. micrura lrom sample No.
2340.
European fauna. It successfully competes
withM.
micrura
in shallow
and
eutrophicated lowland
waters.
Its
distribution
in Europe embraces Czecho-
slovakia
(South
Moravia
and
south Slovakia)
(Fig.22),
Hungary, Jugoslavia
and Italy.
We
anti-
cipate its
occurrence also in
the
lowlands
of
Romania
and Bulgaria,
and
in the
eastern
part
of
Austria.
Acknowledgements
I
thank Prof. Dr. Henri
J.
Dumont
for critical
reading
and
for language
correction. Thanks
are
due to
Dr. V.
Koiinek for
a
loan
of Chinese
comparative material.
4l
.c;
F
o
o
o
tr
t
d
ts
t
(d
oo
o
o
a
;
o
d
o
*;
\
b;
i:J
o
-i
O)
c)
@
o
tr-
o
(o
o
ro
o
.\
*
0,
dI
.tqb
?
E
.c,
o)
(u
o
_ ^-.^ ca
r
\ wg,
\t
l\F-&
lt
ll
tr
ll
cccc
ci
z.
i
L
o
o-
o-
o-
lo
oo
/
aaO
.'O
o!| o oy
/\
,".l\
/a\
ct
[n
N
ct
z.
6o
Jpi
t,
\^..-?-L{ro- \
\o-o,9ttt.\\..
i
.,1 .-
\
\
\r
It
a,
tt
i
\
lo
ot+\
\
r
lh
."i\
\
\o
il
c+cth \
'\l/
?
'
t\\.
a
\
r
.t+{0
tsl
\ \
lf
..
r
f,t.
i+
N
.',
li
\# oofor+r
f.\o'\
ll
\+o++ o r
bxr
il
*.r
{
{
4{
{h\\',
k
\'.,
#o{l
*+,*)8r.tt''
\
t\
h^t
\t
"\o
*
t.3 ofli
i'\t,
\00
1.
+H\'
\
\
#r.i
j3.t
5
t
\
''A
n
\
ooct
\ff\
,
\
\0. *
rrpr/$
\
\on
\
\.\
uJul)
o
L
L
.9
E
o
.=
o
z
(
t
)
.9
-c
o-
(u
'-
c
o
tE
Jvl
o+=
c\
ct
c\{
tl
I
A
o
C
'o
42
\
.---,
Fig. 22. Findings
of M. weismanni in
Central Europe. Distribution in
Slovakia is striped.
References
Brehm, V., 1951.
Cladocera
und
Copepoda Calanoida
von
Cambodia.
Cybium 6: 95-124.
Brehm,
V., 1963.
Einige Bemerkungen
zu
vier indishen
Entomostraken.
Int. Revue
ges.
Hydrobiol.,48:
159-172.
Goulden,
C. 8., 1968. The
systematics
and evolution
of the
Moinidae.
Trans.
am.
phil.
Soc.
58,6: l-101.
Ishikawa,
C., 1896. Phyllopoda
Crustaceae
of Japan. Zool.
Mag.
Tokyo 7: 1-7.
Margaritora,
F. G., L Ferrari
& D.
Crosetti, 1987. A Far
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... In Vlaanderen is deze soort, Moina weismanni wel al gevonden. Voor uitgebreidere beschrijvingen zie Margaritora et al. (1987), Hudec (1990) en Petkovski (1991). Margaritora et al. (1987) Seligo, 1900(Taylor, et al, 2002Faustová, 2010). ...
... Ecologie: Een soort van heldere en schone wateren, leeft in het open water en is een soort van het plankton in permanente eutrofe poelen, plassen en meren (Hellich, 1877;Flöβner, 1972;Amoros, 1984;Hudec, 1990;Petrusek, 2002;Gaviria-Melo et al., 2005;Nenova, 2020). ...
... Literatuur: Hudec (1990): morfologie; ...
Preprint
In Dutch, a key to the Branchiopoda of the Benelux with distribution (maps) of the branchiopods in the Netherlands.
... The central and dorsal part of the ephippium of M. weismanni is characterized by raised knobs, which can be easily seen in lateral view. In addition to the ephippium, the female´s distinctive features are the short and thick antennules and the 15-21 fine, long spicules of the pecten on the postabdominal claw (HUDEC, 1990). In the Central European M. micrura, the antennules are long and spindle-like, and the pecten has 10-15 short, thick horns that are nearly triangular-shaped. ...
... The distinctive characters of M. weismanni males are the long antennules that are thick near the base and show four short, thick hooks at the tip. M. micrura males have long and thin antennules, with three long and thin hooks on the tip (HUDEC, 1990). The ventro-anterior part of the carapace has fine, long hairs in M. weismanni, while it is entirely naked in M. micrura. ...
... The most surprising and unexpected finding is M. weismanni. The previous records from Central and Southern Europe were attributed to an introduction that was associated with the experimental introduction of rice into Hungary and Slovakia (HUDEC, 1990). BRENDON-CK et al. (1989) reported Leptestheria dahalacensis from a man-made fish pond near Brussels and presumed the species might have been introduced with fish transport from Hungary in 1984. ...
Article
Full-text available
A field survey of mostly small and shallow inland water bodies in Flanders yielded three cladoceran and two copepod species new to the fauna of Belgium. These new records involve two Moina species (M. micrura, M. weismanni), Simocephalus serrulatus, the calanoid copepod Mixodiaptomus kupelwieseri and the cyclopoid copepod Metacyclops minutus. Special attention was paid to the fauna of temporary pools and wheel tracks. In the pools sampled in spring, the zooplankton was dominated by Daphnia obtusa, Eucyclops serrulatus and/or Diacy- clops bicuspidatus. The crustacean fauna of the pools sampled in summer was dominated by Moina macrocopa and Metacyclops gracilis, whereas Metacyclops minutus was dominant in the pools sampled in autumn. Even though species diversity was generally found to be low in the wheel tracks and pools sampled, the taxa were found to be rather typical.
... The identities of Moina specimens were checked via external morphology according to previous studies such as Ishikawa (1896), Goulden (1968), Margaritora et al. (1987), Hudec (1990), Yoon & Kim (1992), Mirabdullayev (1998), andTanaka (1999). Since M. weismanni is the solo Moina species whose type locality is Japan (see Goulden, 1968), we appended a ''cf.'' ...
... In this context, however, the occurrence of M. affinis in East Asian countries such as the Republic of Korea (Yoon & Kim, 1992;Jeong et al., 2014) and China (see Xiang et al., 2015) seems to have been overlooked. European M. affinis specimens were found in rice fields together with other members of the genus, including M. weismanni (Margaritora et al., 1987), and the European M. weismanni is often recognized as a species artificially introduced via rice cultivation from Asia (e.g., Hudec, 1990). The present study showed that M. cf. ...
Article
Full-text available
In Japan, farm ponds retain water throughout the year while rice fields are continuously inundated for no more than 2 months, usually from spring to early summer. Although the zooplankton fauna in artificial water bodies would be expected to vary according to differences in inundation periods, scientific confirmation of this relation is largely lacking. Due to its ubiquity, the cladoceran Moina is a suitable target for studying habitat-related differences in the planktonic fauna, but its taxonomy remains unresolved, making morphological identifications potentially uncertain. We thus applied integrative taxonomy with both morphological and genetic evaluations for reliable species delimitation to Moina samples collected primarily in Japan (with smaller collections from Taiwan). This approach increased the alpha diversity of Moina species in Japan from three (in previous studies) to seven. It also revealed different habitat preferences among Moina species, with the smaller species being distributed mostly in farm ponds (followed by natural lakes), and the larger species mostly in rice fields. We argue that the phenological match/mismatch with inundation period of rice fields was a major factor for this strong trend of spatial species turnover, with differing degrees of fish predation pressure among the habitat types being another factor.
... Moreover, some species of the genus Moina are used as the "standard" test objects in toxicological and in physiological studies [45][46][47]. Still, the genus has received little attention by taxonomists [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] since the revisions of Goulden [43] and Smirnov [44]. At the same time, it is known that the morphological variability of moinid populations is high and the genus taxonomy is not completely resolved-some taxa are in fact represented by groups of cryptic species [44,67,68]. ...
... It needs to be pointed out that our study has covered only the northern half of Eurasia, while the whole southern half of the continent is unexplored, as well as other continents (except of some portions of North America). In addition, only a small portion of the Moina species were investigated, while M. weismanni (common in different regions of Eurasia [43,60,54,56,57], M. reticulata (common in the Neotropics [43]), several Australian endemics [92], several newly described endemics with a very particular morphology [62,64,66], M. cf. micrura in Far East (for which we had samples, but, for unknown reasons, all PRCs were not successive), and many other species were out of our attention due to absence of a DNA-available material. ...
Article
Full-text available
Species of the genus Moina Baird (Cladocera: Moinidae) often dominate freshwater crustacean communities in temporary water bodies. Several species of Moina are used as food for fish larvae in aquaculture, as bioindicators in toxicological studies, and as common subjects for physiological studies. The aim of this paper is to estimate biodiversity of Moina in northern Eurasia using the standard DNA barcoding approach based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We analysed 160 newly obtained and 157 existing COI sequences, and found evidence for 21 phylogroups of Moina, some of which were detected here for the first time. Our study confirmed the opinion that the actual species diversity of cladocerans is several times higher than is presently accepted. Our results also indicated that Moina has the second richest species diversity among the cladoceran genera (with only Daphnia O. F. Mueller having a greater diversity of species). Our study strongly supports division of Moina into two faunistic groups: European-Western Siberian and Eastern Siberian-Far Eastern, with a transitional zone at the Yenisey River basin (Eastern Siberia). Here, we refrain from taxonomic descriptions of new species, as this requires a thorough morphological and taxonomic study for each putative taxon.
... 3.11. Transportation of Far Eastern Taxa to Europe and Middle Asia Due to Aquaculture and Rice Crops Some taxa are regarded as transported from the Far East due to rice production and aquaculture activity: Diaphanosoma macrophthalma to Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Pre-Caucasus [53,113] and Moina weismanni to Italy and then to other countries of Southern Europe [84,[114][115][116]. However, in reality, this hypothesis needs to be checked genetically, as for the incidental introduction of fish [117,118] and bivalve mollusks [119]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Non-indigenous species may pose a threat to native ecosystems worldwide. In aquatic environments, invasives may have a negative impact on human food security and livelihoods. Several water fleas (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) are notorious invasive alien species influencing large freshwater lake systems and even inland seas. In the current review, we discuss the state of knowledge regarding non-indigenous species in the Cladocera and their invasiveness potential in different continents. We argue that the potential impacts and occurrence of cladoceran exotics may be higher than generally assumed. We critically review 79 cases from literature sources, involving 61 cladoceran taxa where records outside of their natural distribution ranges were previously interpreted as invasions. We assessed the probability of natural range expansions versus human-mediated introductions and we discuss several major corridors of invasion. We estimate human-mediated transportations for at least 43 taxa (out of 61; ca 70%), while other cases can be seen as natural expansions of their distribution ranges (not necessarily/not likely human-mediated) and/or taxonomical confusion. We confirm non-indigenous presence in recipient regions for at least 41 cladoceran taxa, of which several are true invasives (i.e., with negative impacts on native ecosystems). The majority are zooplankters with effects on pelagic freshwater ecosystems, yet we also report on introductions by littoral taxa. We argue that cryptic introductions of cladocerans are taking place on a global scale, yet they remain under the radar. We highlight several striking case studies, such as the Ponto–Caspian onychopods that have invaded the Baltic Sea and the Laurentian Great Lakes, and several clones of the anomopod genera Daphnia and Bosmina that have successfully colonised new environments, causing equilibria shifts in native aquatic worlds. At the same time, we dispel some myths about taxa that were misconstrued as invasive in certain localities. Based on our review, the first of its kind for freshwater zooplankton, future environmental monitoring tools including molecular techniques and detailed surveys with rigorous and critical taxonomical assessments may help to provide a clearer picture on the extent of invasiveness of cladocerans.
... Jia et al., 2018;Kwak et al., 2018;Mangas-Ramirez et al., 2002), this genus has received less attention with respect to systematics (e.g. Bekker et al., 2016;Hudec, 1990;Kotov et al., 2005;Mirabdullaev, 1993;Mirabdullayev, 1998;Padhye and Dumont, 2014). The first study using genetic markers showed that populations of M. macrocopa from the Czech Republic and Uganda were indeed conspecific, whereas "M. ...
Article
The distribution and genetic diversity of freshwater zooplankton is understudied in the Eastern Palearctic. Here, we explored the lineage diversity and regional distribution of the genus Moina in China. Members of this genus are often keystone components of freshwater ecosystems and have been frequently subjected to toxicological and physiological studies. Four species of Moina were identified, based on morphology, in 50 of 113 Chinese water bodies examined, and their phylogenetic position was analyzed using both a mitochondrial (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I; COI) and a nuclear marker (the nuclear internal transcribed spacer; ITS-1). Both molecular markers identified four clades corresponding broadly to the morphological species. Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed the presence of four species complexes with eleven lineages across China, five of which were new. However, some lineages (and even individual haplotypes) were widespread in Eurasia, suggesting an ability to disperse over long distances. In contrast, a few lineages exhibited restricted distributions. The nuclear phylogeny also recognized four species of Moina within China and seven very distinct clades. Interestingly, one specimen possessing Moina cf. micrura mtDNA had ITS-1 alleles of the M. cf. brachiata clade. This discordance between mtDNA and nuclear ITS-1 phylogenies is indicative of interspecific introgression and hybridization. Additionally, our COI phylogeny showed apparent paraphyly in two Moina species groups, suggesting introgression of their mitochondrial genomes. Our data shows the regional distribution/diversity of the Moina species complex in a Eurasian context.
... cf. Sˇra´mek-Husˇek, 1940;Hudec, 1990). Moreover, some of the populations of the putative M. micrura cannot be reliably assigned to one of the subspecies. ...
Article
Full-text available
Moina Micrura Kurz, 1874 (Crustacea: Anomopoda), commonly regarded as a cosmopolitan cladoceran species, can be found almost all over the world except for arctic and cold‐temperate regions. M. micrura has been recorded from virtually all types of limnetic habitats, including temperate permanent ponds, lakes, ephemeral desert pools, and tropical brackish fishponds. Its high morphological and ecological variability has so far been considered a result of intraspecific diversity. We tested the hypothesis that genetically isolated groups exist within M. micrura with crossing experiment and DNA sequence analysis. We compared two clones originating from populations from Central Europe (area of the type locality) and Australia. As there was extremely low production of hybrid eggs, the results of the crossing experiment strongly suggest the existence of reproductive isolation. The sequence divergence of mitochondrial gene for 12S rRNA (7.9%) was comparable to intraspecific differences within Daphnia pulex group. The sequence divergence of the clones of Moina macrocopa from Europe and Central Africa was much lower (1.4%). Our results suggest that at least two sibling species exist within M. micrura complex, which is in agreement with other data questioning the cosmopolitanism of various cladoceran species.
... Distribution. Tropics and subtropics of Eurasia and Africa (Smirnov 1976;Margaritora et al. 1987), Middle Asia (Mirabdullaev 1992), south of European Russia (Mirabdullaev 1992) and Central Europe (Hudec 1990). ...
Article
Full-text available
Based on a revision of available literature on the Indian Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), we present an updated checklist, with taxonomical updates and comments for all taxa recorded since the start of research of this group in the country since 1860. We have listed a total of 137 valid taxa, of which most records belong to species groups that need revision worldwide. The situation in Indian Cladocera taxonomy is, at present, insufficient for realistic conclusions on biodiversity, ecology and biogeography. We list suggestions for an improvement of the current situation.
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112 species with original dravins of Cladocera were recorded in Slovakia. Futher 5 species (Limnosida forntosa, Latona setifera, Latonopsis australis Moina salina and Drepanothrix dentata) were not confirmed
Article
Full-text available
Moina ephemeralis n.sp. is described from SouthSlovakia. It belongs to the Moinagouldeni-lipini group. Together with Moinamacrocopa (Straus, 1820) it is the second specieswith a 2-egged ephippium from Central Europe. Thespecies was recorded in the plankton of a highlyeutrophic fish pond.
Article
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Article
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Moina belongs to that very interesting group of organism found in temporary pools and saline lakes. The species are adapted to survive frequent dray periods and to populate rapidly newly formed pools. Moina shares this unusual habitat with other branchiopod Crustacea, the Chonchostraca, Notostraca, and the Anostraca.
Article
The study of heleoplankton samples collected in an experimental ricefield in the province of Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy) evidenced a successional pattern of cladoceran species, characterized by the dominance of Moinidae in the early phase the rice cultivation (from May to July). In particular a species new for Italy,Monia weismanni Ishikawa, 1896, typical of Far East ricefields, was found; it was probably introduced into Italy with seeds and constitutes a stable element of the heleoplankton biocoenosis. The population co-occurs withMoina brachiata, Moina affinis, andMoina micrura in the ricefield. In this short noteM. weismanni is described, pointing out the morphological differences with other populations of the same species and with similar species; furthermore, life cycles in Moinidae are analysed in comparison with those of the other dominant cladocerans.
Distribution in Slovakia is striped. Sramek-Huek, R., 1940. K systematice a ekologii perloocky Moina micrura Kurz a ostatnich Moin v Cechach
  • Europe
Europe. Distribution in Slovakia is striped. Sramek-Huek, R., 1940. K systematice a ekologii perloocky Moina micrura Kurz a ostatnich Moin v Cechach. Cas. Nar. Mus. Praha sv. 4: 204-214.
Dalai-Nor, outflowing river Miyadi (partheno-genetic and ephippial females and males) -from References Brehm
  • China
China: Dalai-Nor, outflowing river, July 16. 1938, coll. T. Kawamura, D. Miyadi (partheno-genetic and ephippial females and males) -from References Brehm, V., 1951. Cladocera und Copepoda Calanoida von Cambodia. Cybium 6: 95-124.
Brtek (parthenogenetic females); 2531/ Komarno settlement Dulov Dvor, large pond
  • Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia: 107/ Bratislava-Petrfilka, pool, July 9. 1955, coll. J. Brtek (parthenogenetic females); 2531/ Komarno settlement Dulov Dvor, large pond, August 30. 1983, coll. J. Brtek (quantitative sample of parthenogenetic and ephippial females and males);
Bilje, large pool (march?) in inundation of River Donau
  • Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia: Bilje, large pool (march?) in inundation of River Donau, August 6. 1986, coll. author (parthenogenetic females).