Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896 (Cladocera, Moinidae) in Central Europe

Abstract

Moina weismanni Ishikawa is reported from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The species was formerly synonymized with Moina micrura Kurz, based on parthenogenotic females. In both species, parthenogenetic females have a characteristic postabdomen, antennules (characters formerly regarded as typical for a variety of M. micrura), and ephippium. Wales are quite different. Examined populations of both species are similar in length-to-width ratio. M. weismanni is typical for small, eutrophic but permanent, and for large temporary water bodies. M. micrura is restricted to the plankton.

Full text

o
Hydrobiologia l9O: 33-42.
1990.
O
1990 Kluwer Academic
Publishers. Printed
in
Belsium
Moina
weismanni
Ishikawa, 1896
(Cladocera,
Moinidae)
in
Central
Europe
Igor
Hudec
Bodrog
and
Homdd watersheds, 1OlV
-
Hydrobiol.
lab.,
bumbierska 16,
041 59
Ko'sice,
Czechoslovakia
Received 9 June 1988;
in revised form2'7 July 1988; accepted
21
October 1988
Key words: Crustacea, Cladocera,
Moinidae,
M.
weismanni, taxonomy, Central
Europe
Abstract
Moina weismanni Ishikawa
is reported from
Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Yugoslavia. The species was
formerly
synonymized with Moina micrura
Kurz,
based
on
parthenogenotic
females. In both species,
parthenogenetic
females have a characteristic
postabdomen,
antennules
(characters
formerly regarded
as
typical
for
a variety
of M. micrura), and ephippium.lWales are
quite
different.
Examined
populations
of
both
species are similar
in length-to-width ratio. M. weismanni is typical
for
small, eutrophic but
perma-
nent,
and
for large temporary water bodies.
M.
micrura
is restricted to
the
plankton.
JJ
Introduction
Analysing Slovakian
populations
of
Moina
micwa
Kurz, we suspected the
presence
of two
different
species. Both
have a different biology
and
morphological
characters that are
best seen
in males.
The morphology
of
parthenogenetic
females
is similar. However,
there we found dif-
ferences in antennules
and
postabdomen
that
were formerly regarded as
part
of the variability
of
M.
micrura
Kurz. Both species,M. weismanniand
M. micrura, also
have
a
quite
different ephippium.
The taxonomical status of
M.
micrura
Kurz has
long
been confused.
From Europe
two small
Moinids M. micrura Ktxz, 187 4 and M. rectirostris
Leydig, 1820 were
described.
The hrst redescrip-
tion of M. miuura was
made
by 5r6mek-Hu5ek
(1940),
who
concluded
that M. rectirostns was
a
good
species, but a synonymy between
M.
micrura
and
M. rectirostis
was established by Goulden
(1e68).
Moina
weismanni
was
described by
Ishikawa
(1896)
from Japan and
has
been
reporteed from
many
areas
in
the
Far East: Japan,
China
(Ishikawa,
1896;
Sars,
1903), Cambodia
(Brehm,
1951), and India
(Brehm,
1963), and first reported
from Europe
by
Margaritora et
al.
(1987)
from
Italy.
Information from Czechoslovakia on
popu-
lations with
a tuberculated
ephippium
and'slight
differences'
in
the end
claw of the
postabdomen
was
published
by
Vojtek
(1958)
from
South
Moravia. He
again
included these
populations
into
the variability
of M.
micrura
Kirz. Recently
Vranovskj'
(1984) g
ve a short diagnosis
for
a
Moina
cf. micrura
with
a
postabdomen
charac-
teristic for M. weismanni from South Slovakia.

34
Material examined
Material
from
the
following
localities was
ana-
lysed:
l. Moina
weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
C
z e c
ho s lov a ki a :
107
I
B rati slava- P
etr
i.
6lka,
p
o ol,
July 9. 1955,
coll. J. Brtek
(parthenogenetic
females); 25311
KomSrno settlement
Dulov
Dvor, large
pond,
August 30. 1983,
coll. J. Brtek
(quantitative
sample of
parthenogenetic
and
ephippial females and males); Iriadovce,
fish
pond
CH-11,
CH-9,
August 26.
1986, coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
and ephippial females
and
males); Vel'k6
Trakany
-
Mal6 Trakany,
large
pool,
June
10. 1981,
coll. author
(parthenogenetic
females).
Hungary: Mosca, large
pool,
August 28,
1983,
coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
females);
56ro-
spatak, large
pool
in
inundation
of River Bodrog,
July 17. 1984,
coll. author
(parthenogenetic
females).
Yugoslavia: Bilje,
large
pool (march?)
in
inundation
of
River Donau,
August
6. 1986, coll.
author
(parthenogenetic
females).
China: Dalai-Nor, outflowing
river, July 16.
1938,
coll. T. Kawamura, D. Miyadi
(partheno-
genetic
and ephippial females
and
males)
-
from
col.
Dr. Koiinek
-
Prasue.
2. Moina micrura Kwz, 1874
Czechoslovakia: 23401 Medvedov.
arm of River
Donau,
August 15. 1982, collm.
J. Brtek
(quanti-
tative sample of
parthenogenetic
and ephippial
females
and
males); Vel'kj'
Kamenec,
arm
Kardava June 7. 1981,
coll. author
(only
parthenogenetic
females).
The
study of variability is
based on the follow-
ing charactels:
body dimension
(measured
according to Sr6mek-Hu5ek, 1962),
antennules,
1-st
thoracic limb,
postabdomen,
ephippium,
and
biology.
A
comparison of
a
population
of M. weismanni
from Kom6rno
and of M. micwafrom
Medvedov
is
given
in Figs.
18 to 20
and
Tabl. 1.
Moina
weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
Diagnosis
-female
with rounded head
and with
supraocular
depression.
Antennules
short
and
thick. Compound
eye large, ocellus
absent.
Shell
valves with 14-17
short thick
setae on ventral
margin, followed
by minute
setae arranged in
groups.
First
thoracic limb
with short
anterior
seta
on
penultimate
segment. Terminal
claw with
pecten
oflong, fine spicules
and I-2 fine flakes
on
ventral base. Postabdomen
with 7-8 feathered
spines
and
long
unequal
bident tooth. Ephippium
with one egg,
polygonally
reticulated
near margin,
in
central and dorsal
part
with raised knobs.
Male
antennula long
with two sensory
setae
near
bend, and 4 short
and thick hooks on
anterior
part.
First
thoracic limb
narrow with
small hook
*
on third segment
and
one long
seta
and two
feathered
setae on
terminal sesment.
Female
Head broadly rounded,
one
third of total
body
length,
similar
to
Moina
micrura Kurz.
A well
developed supraocular
depression.
Compound
eye large,
situated near frontal margin
(Figs.
1,
2).
Antennules
(Figs.
4, 4a)
short, spaced.
A row
of long hairs
on
posterior
margin;
fine, short hairs
on the
body.
Table 1. The numerical
characteristics of M. micrura Kurz
and M.
weismanni
Ishikawa.
M. micrura Kurz M.
weismanni
Ishikawa
Parthenogenetic
females
lengthmm X+s*
max.
widthmm X+s*
max.
Ephippial
females
lengthmm
X+s*
max.
widthmm
X+s*
max.
Males
lengthmm
X+s*
max.
widthmm X+s^
max.
N: 72
0.67
1
0.068
0.85
0.33
t
0.063
0.50
N:
14
0.63
1
0.020
0.66
0.39
I
0.040
0.44
N: 16
0.53
t
0.037
0.59
0.29
!
0.023
0.33
N:
58
0.85
t
0.059
0.95
0.58
I
0.059
0.72
N=21
0.81
1
0.063
0.92
0.53
1
0.045
0.58
N=21
0.59
t
0.059
0.6'7
0.32
t
0.040
0.3'7

1 1
,K
t\
fi
35
7a
Figs. 1-4. Moina weismanri Ishikawa 1896; Fig. 1.
parthenogenetic
female
(lateral
view); Frg. 2.
phippial
female
(lateral
view);
Fig.2a. detail ofthe shell
rim
(in
median
part);
Fig.2b.detail ofthe shell rim
(near
shell hooks);
Frg.2c.shell hooks;
f'rg.
3.
ephippial female
(dorsal
view);
Frg. 4, 4a.
antenntles;
F'rgs.
5, 6. Moina micrura Kurz 1874; Frg.
5. ephippium;
Fis.6. antennula.

36
Antennae long
and well developed. Setulation
pattern
typical of
Moina:0-0-1-3/1-1-3.
Spine for-
mula:
0-1-0-1/0-0-1.
Valves
(Figs.
1-3) without
surface hairs
(also
in
Chinese material).
Shelll either oblong or rounded
as
seen
by
M.
micrura. Ventral shell margin
with
14-17
short setae
(Fig.2a)
followed
by minute
setae arranged in
groups (Fig.
2b).
A
pair
of
curved hooks
(Fig.
2c)
on each valve locatedjust
ventral to the highest
point
of
the valves.
First thoracic limb
(Fig.
9, Pl. 1
: 5). First endite
with four
two-segmented setae, second
endite
with one two-segmented seta,
third endite with
one two-segmented seta
and
one
anterior short
seta. Fourth segment
with three terminal setae.
Ejector hooks on
basipodite
well
developed.
Terminal
claw
(Fig.8)
with fine
pecten
on
dorsal margin consisting of 15-21 hne long
teeth
and a
row of hne
short
hairs
up to the tip. Near
the ventral base of
terminal
claw, l-2 fine flakes.
Postabdomen
(Fig.
7) long.
Conical
postanal
extention
about one-third its length,
bearing
7-9
feathered
teeth
and
one
bidental tooth.
Rami
urtequal. Several rows of minute
setae on and near
dorsal margin.
Ephippium
(Figs.
2, 3, Pl. 1:1,2)
with one egg,
polygonaly
reticulated
near its
entire
margin.
Cen-
tral
and
dorsal
party
with raised knobs.
Male
Head
about one fourth of total
body
length,
rounded,
with slight supraocular
depression
(Fig.
10, Pl. 1:
3).
Antennules
long,
about
half
of
total body
length.
They originate nea"r the
tip of
the head
(Fig.
10)
and are nearly bald. Two
sen-
sory
setae
near
the base ofthe
antennules.
Tip
of
antennulds with four short
and thick
recurved
hooks
(Fig.
11).
Fine
hairs on ventro-anterior
part
of shell.
First
thoracic limb
(Fig.
12, Pl. 1:4)
short and
thin, with short
copulatory
hook
on third segment.
Shape oflimb cylindrical, with two feathered
setae
and one short thick hook. A short,
expanded
knob
just
opposite
the copulatory hook.
Postabdomen
as in female.
Discussion
Comparing only
parthenogenetic
females,
M.
weismanni
and M.
micrura
are
similar
in many
characters
(length,
general
shape,
postabdomen,
first
thoracic limb
etc.).
An
analysis of sizes
(Figs.
19, 20, Tabl.
1)
and
of
the
ratio
of width
to
length
(Fig.
21)
does not
reveal signihcant
differences
between
both
species
either.
For
an exact differentiation
of M.
weismanni
and M. micrura,
sexual
populations
and mainly
males
are necessary.
The
distinctive
features
of M.
weismanni
females
are:
I
I
the terminal
claw of
postabdomen
;
2l
the antennules;
3/ the ephippium.
M.
weismanni: lf
pecten
with 15-21
fine
long
spicules
and l-2 fine
flakes on
the ventral
base;
2/
antennules
short
and thick, spaced;
3f central
and dorsal
part
of ephippium with
raised knobs.
M.
micrura
(Central
European
populations):
1/
pecten
with
10-15 short
thick thorns
near
triangular
shape
and 5-6
hne
flakes on
the ventral
base; 2l
antennules long
and spindleJike
(Fig.
6;
3)
central
part
of
ephippium nearly
amorphic
(Fig.
5, Pl. 1:6).
The
distinctive characters
of the males
are:
Ilthe
antennules; 2/the
first
thoracic limb;
3/ setulation
on the surface
of the
shell valves;
4/ the
postabdomen (similar
to that
of
females).
M. weismanni:
If
antennules long,
bend, thick
near
the base; tip
with
four
short,
thick hooks;
2l
ftst thoracic limb
short,
cylindrical, with
short
copulatory hook
on third segment;
3/ shell valves
with frne, long hairs
on ventro-anterior
surface.
M. micrura.'
1/ antennules
long
and thin, tip
with
three long
and thin hooks
(Figs.
13-15,
Pl. 1:7); 2l
first
thoracic limb: shape
of corpus
near semioval
with long
copulatory hook
on third
segment
(Fig.
17); 3/ shell
valve surface
entirely
naked
(Table
2).
The biology
of both species is
also different.
Moina
micwa Kurz in
Czechoslovakia is
a
limnetic
species of
plankton
communities
in reser-
voirs,
large lakes,
dead river
arms etc. It co-occurs
with Diap
hanos oma
brachyurum Li6v ., D.
lacus tis
(Koiinek),
Daphnia
galeata
Sars,
D.
cucullata

5t
TIT
rT|-\d
10b
Figs. 7-12. Moina weismanni Ishikawa,
1896; Fig.7.
postabdomen
of
female; Frg.
8. terminal claw with bidental tooth
(female);
Fig.9.
l-st thoracic limb; Frg. 10. male
(lateral
view); ,Frg. //. distal
part
of the antennula
(male);
FrS:. 12. L-st thoracic limb
(male);
FiS. 13 . Moina micrura Kurz 1874
-
antennula of the male.

38
4ffi
Plate I
Figs. 1-5.Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1897;, Fig. l.ephippium
(dorsal
aspect); Fig.2. ephippium
(detail);
Frg.3.antennula
(male);,Frg.
4. l-st thoracic limb
(male);
Frg. J. l-st thoracic limb
(female);
Figs. 6,7. Moina
micruraKrxz 1874; Fig.6. ephippium;
Fig. 7.
anlenntla
(male).

39
14a
l4b
Figs. 14-17. MoinamicruraKurzlST4;Fig. 14. male
(lateralview);Frg.
14a.
detailof the shellrim(anteriorpart);Fig. 14b. detail
of the shell rim
(posterior part);Fig.
/J. distal
part
of antennula
(male);
Fig. 16.1-st thoracic limb
(male);
Fig. 17.
terminal claw
with bidental
tooth
(female);
Fig. 18. Moina weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
-
antennules
-
dorsal aspect
(male).
Arr comparative scares
x:.,1;ff1'.'",'.::,lf ffi#:i#,::H"#:'.:.,ffi:'(#'l 3"li-tili,'Jl.t;1mm'
Arl ngures
were
made
Sar
s, B osmina longirostris O.F.M., Ceriodaphnia
pulchella
Sars,
Pleuroxus uncinatus Baird,
Leptodora kindti Focke. Only sporadically does it
occur in temporary waters, and usually in inun-
dation areas of
large water bodies.
Moina weismanni Ishikawa
prefers
large shal-
low
eutrophicated
permanent
waters such
as
fish
ponds.
It often occurs in
large
temporary waters,
village
ponds,
and
depressions
in fields,
and
spoeadically in
small temporary water, together
with
M.
brachiata Jurine.
M. weismanni mainly
co-occurs with
Daphnia
curvirostris
Eylman,
emend. Johnson,
Bosmina
longirostris
O.F.M.,
D aphnia longispina
O.
F.M.,
Chydorus sphaericus O.F.M., emend.
Frey.
M.
micrura
Kurz is
atrue
European
species, but
M.
weismanniwas evidently introduced to
Europe
along with experimental
introductions
of
rice.
A
first
experiment in
Slovakia was made
in 1948,
and in Hungary
probably
a
little
earlier.
Today M.
weismanni
appears well
acclimated,
and it has become
a constant
element of
the

f^
t"
t;
"-;{l
FEMALES
PARTH,
40
Table 2.
Morphological differences
between
Moina
micrura
Kurz and
Moina weismanni
Ishikawa.
Character
Moina
micrura
Moina weismanni
z.
U
f
a
U
E
U
N
o
MALE
6
0
6
J
0
z.
z
tn
U
=
z
O
Female
Antennules
Setae on ventral
shell rim
Feathered teeth
on
postabdomen
Flakes
on
ventral
base
of terminal
4-6
claw
Pecten on termi-
nal
claw
(denticles)
Ephippium
(reticulation)
Stout spindle-
Stout
spaced
like appart
and
lateral
t3-2r
14-17
5-7
7-9
9-t3
Short thick
Polygonal
near
margins and
near
amorph
in cen-
tral
part
11
t5-21
Long
thin
Polygonal and
raised knobs
in
central
part
tr
L ENGTH
0,5
0,6
Fig. 19.
Size
frequency
reproductive stages
of
0,7
0,8
0,s 1,0
(mm)
breakdown by
instar,
sex of the
M.
weismanni
from
sample No.
2531.
c
=
d.
a
z.
O
J
0
EPHIP.
!
Male
Number
hooks
on
antennula
l-st
limb
Copulatory
hooks
Postabdomen
Superfrcial
setu-
les
on shell valves
3
long
Thick
Large
As
by
female
Not
present
4 short
Narrow
Reduced
As by
female
Present on anterio
ventral
part
I
41
O
z
U
f,
U
E
U
N
6
15
F
EMAL
ES
6
J
t--l
0rJ
[;
,^",tI
L
ENGTH
oA 0,s 0,6 07
0,8
0,9
1mm)
Fig.20. Size lrequency
breakdown by instar, sex of
the
reproductive
stages ol M. micrura lrom sample No.
2340.
European fauna. It successfully competes
withM.
micrura
in shallow
and
eutrophicated lowland
waters.
Its
distribution
in Europe embraces Czecho-
slovakia
(South
Moravia
and
south Slovakia)
(Fig.22),
Hungary, Jugoslavia
and Italy.
We
anti-
cipate its
occurrence also in
the
lowlands
of
Romania
and Bulgaria,
and
in the
eastern
part
of
Austria.
Acknowledgements
I
thank Prof. Dr. Henri
J.
Dumont
for critical
reading
and
for language
correction. Thanks
are
due to
Dr. V.
Koiinek for
a
loan
of Chinese
comparative material.

4l
.c;
F
o
o
o
tr
t
d
ts
t
(d
oo
o
o
a
;
o
d
o
*;
\
b;
i:J
o
-i
O)
c)
@
o
tr-
o
(o
o
ro
o
.\
*
0,
dI
.tqb
?
E
.c,
o)
(u
o
_ ^-.^ ca
r
\ wg,
\t
l\F-&
lt
ll
tr
ll
cccc
ci
z.
i
L
o
o-
o-
o-
lo
oo
/
aaO
.'O
o!| o oy
/\
,".l\
/a\
ct
[n
N
ct
z.
6o
Jpi
t,
\^..-?-L{ro- \
\o-o,9ttt.\\..
i
.,1 .-
\
\
\r
It
a,
tt
i
\
lo
ot+\
\
r
lh
."i\
\
\o
il
c+cth \
'\l/
?
'
t\\.
a
\
r
.t+{0
tsl
\ \
lf
..
r
f,t.
i+
N
.',
li
\# oofor+r
f.\o'\
ll
\+o++ o r
bxr
il
*.r
{
{
4{
{h\\',
k
\'.,
#o{l
*+,*)8r.tt''
\
t\
h^t
\t
"\o
*
t.3 ofli
i'\t,
\00
1.
+H\'
\
\
#r.i
j3.t
5
t
\
''A
n
\
ooct
\ff\
,
\
\0. *
rrpr/$
\
\on
\
\.\
uJul)
o
L
L
.9
E
o
.=
o
z
(
t
)
.9
-c
o-
(u
'-
c
o
tE
Jvl
o+=
c\
ct
c\{
tl
I
A
o
C
'o

42
\
.---,
Fig. 22. Findings
of M. weismanni in
Central Europe. Distribution in
Slovakia is striped.
References
Brehm, V., 1951.
Cladocera
und
Copepoda Calanoida
von
Cambodia.
Cybium 6: 95-124.
Brehm,
V., 1963.
Einige Bemerkungen
zu
vier indishen
Entomostraken.
Int. Revue
ges.
Hydrobiol.,48:
159-172.
Goulden,
C. 8., 1968. The
systematics
and evolution
of the
Moinidae.
Trans.
am.
phil.
Soc.
58,6: l-101.
Ishikawa,
C., 1896. Phyllopoda
Crustaceae
of Japan. Zool.
Mag.
Tokyo 7: 1-7.
Margaritora,
F. G., L Ferrari
& D.
Crosetti, 1987. A Far
East
Moina, M.
weismanni Ishikawa, 1896
found in
an Italian
ricefield.
Hydrobiologia
145:
93-103.
Sars, G.
O., 1903. On the
Crustacean fauna
of Central
Asia.
Part. II.
Cladocera. Ann. Mus.
St. P6tersburs
8:157-194.
Sr6mek-Hu5ek, R., 1940. K systematice
a ekologii
perloodky
Moina micrura
Kurz a ostatnich Moin v
iech6ch. 6as.
N6r. Mus. Praha sv. 4:204-214.
Sr6mek-Huiek,
R., 1962. Clacodera, 174-410. In:
5r6mek-Huiek, R., Stra5kraba, M., Brtek,
J.,
Lupenono-
-
ici-Branchiopoda. Fauna
6SSR. Su.
16. NdSAv
Praha.
Vojtek,
J., 1958. N6lezy
perloo6ky
Moina micrura na
jilni
MoravE. Sbor. Kl.
piirodov.
v BrnE za rok 1962-56,
30:
63-67.
Vranovskj', M., 1984.
K6rovce_
Crustacea
plankt6nu
Cidovsk6ho mftveho ramena.
St6t.
orirod.
rezervdcia
didovsk6homftve
rameno
l. Sprav. obl.
iodunajsk6homirz.
Kom6rno
3: 65-90.