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Etymology and Original Sources of the Term “Ecology“
Abstract
The term “Oecologie” was coined by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866 in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. It derives from the Greek “οικοσ” (oikos; house, household, also dwelling place, family) and “λογοσ” (logos; word, language,
language of reason).
... written by Vinciane Despret[24].5 The Greek origin of the word "ecology" means "household"[91]. ...
... Urban ecology has different meanings to different researchers and stakeholders, a circumstance that is rooted in the history of the field, the unstandardized use of the term 'urban' (McIntyre, Knowles-Yanez & Hope, 2008;MacGregor-Fors, 2011;McDonnell & Hahs, 2008;Sukopp, 2008) and different meanings of the term 'ecology' (Schwarz & Jax, 2011). For example, Sukopp (1998) divided urban ecology into a solution-oriented branch with a research agenda to make cities more habitable and sustainable from the perspective of humans, focusing, for example on nature-based solutions and green infrastructure; and a natural-science branch that studies the natural world within cities, including environmental, biological, evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes, and treating human influences as ecological factors. ...
Urban ecology is a rapidly growing research field that has to keep pace with the pressing need to tackle the sustainability crisis. As an inherently multidisciplinary field with close ties to practitioners and administrators, research synthesis and knowledge transfer between those different stakeholders is crucial. Knowledge maps can enhance knowledge transfer and provide orientation to researchers as well as practitioners. A promising option for developing such knowledge maps is to create hypothesis networks, which structure existing hypotheses and aggregate them according to topics and research aims. Combining expert knowledge with information from the literature, we here identify 62 research hypotheses used in urban ecology and link them in such a network. Our network clusters hypotheses into four distinct themes: (i) Urban species traits & evolution, (ii) Urban biotic communities, (iii) Urban habitats and (iv) Urban ecosystems. We discuss the potentials and limitations of this approach. All information is openly provided as part of an extendable Wikidata project, and we invite researchers, practitioners and others interested in urban ecology to contribute additional hypotheses, as well as comment and add to the existing ones. The hypothesis network and Wikidata project form a first step towards a knowledge base for urban ecology, which can be expanded and curated to benefit both practitioners and researchers.
... currency, ecology studies organisms and populations operating in ecosystems using energy or carbon as currency. Thus, in the simplest terms, ecology is economy of nature (Ehrlich & Ehrlich, 2008;Kormondy, 1978;Naveh, 2000;Schwarz & Jax, 2011;Worster, 1994) whereas economy is anthropic ecology. ...
Economics, ecology and archaeology study various aspects of resource utilisation and mobilisation, differing in the studied systems, objects and currencies. However, the three disciplines have developed mostly independently, resulting in limited dialogue among them. Emergent fields such as ecological economics and environmental archaeology are now linking the three disciplines and promoting dialogue among them, but a theoretical framework that links all three disciplines at once is missing.
I propose that ecosystem services (ES) can serve as such a theoretical framework. Moreover, after an ES‐centred framework establishes, it will be capable of further evolving – independently of ES—into a unified superdiscipline, relieving boundaries among disciplines.
To demonstrate this potential, I present some examples of archaeology‐ES linkages, relating to the past, present and future. I show, in general, how archaeology studies past ES and informs us on current ES, as well as how ES benefit archaeological practice. Thus, I demonstrate the strong interface between archaeology and ES, and how it can promote the dialogue among the three disciplines, provide them with new practical tools, and resolve theoretical issues as the sustainability of ancient societies and anthropocentricity and monetisation of ES.
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... Ecology could be considered the study of the home or of the place we live in-the term coming from the Greek oikos, which means house, household, dwelling place, or family; and logos, which means word, language, or the language of reason. 43 Stone's position hence suggests that trans is "at home" with the virtual, as its environment offers the trans body a ground in which its existence is "natural" beyond the parameters in which "nature" has been constructed within the physical, heterosexist, and gender-binary world. ...
This essay analyzes micha cárdenas’s Sin Sol/No Sun, an augmented reality game that calls attention to gendered and racialized violence, environmental destruction, and colonial violence. It surveys the role that feminist, trans, and queer artists and theorists have occupied in the domain of digital technologies and how utopian post-identitarian approaches within cyberculture led to digital materialist perspectives, thus recentering their discourses on the relationship between the body and the hardware. From there, it explores how cárdenas’s “transreal aesthetics,” informed by trans embodiments and Black feminist practice, draws attention to multi-dimensional ecologies (virtual and physical) while raising pressing issues around marginalized identities and the environment. The essay concludes with an analysis of how cárdenas’s avatars guide players through processes of collective grief in order to unmake the space-time categories imposed by Western colonial capitalism and speculate (or “afro-fabulate”) the possibilities of new worlds.
... The concept of ecology was used in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. It is derived from the Greek words oikos (home, residence, family) and logos (language, language of mind) (Schwarz & Jax, 2011). Haeckel is accepted as the founder of ecology (Egerton, 2013) and is defined as the study of animals' interrelationships with their environment. ...
... The concept of ecology was used in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. It is derived from the Greek words oikos (home, residence, family) and logos (language, language of mind) (Schwarz & Jax, 2011). Haeckel is accepted as the founder of ecology (Egerton, 2013) and is defined as the study of animals' interrelationships with their environment. ...
The ecotourism survey is the first step in planning ecotourism destinations and ecotourism routes, and the evaluation of ecotourism destinations and ecotourism routes is to determine that ecotourism has the basic conditions of being friendly to the environment, so both survey and evaluation are indispensable in this chapter and Chap. 3. This chapter uses survey examples and uses ecotourism environment survey connotation, evaluation methods, and monitoring items to let readers understand the basic skills of ecotourism survey. In this chapter, we openly define the ecotourism site and ecotourism route; an ecotourism site is an area where ecotourism occurs, with the planning, setting, and design of tourist attractions, including biophysical, social, and management attributes. When investigating and evaluating ecotourism, you need to learn many evaluation techniques in Chap. 3. In terms of improving the quality of ecotourism surveys and assessments, it is necessary to increase the letter and effectiveness of biometrics.
The ecotourism evaluation is the second step in design ecotourism destinations and ecotourism routes, and the evaluation of ecotourism destinations and ecotourism routes is to determine that ecotourism has the basic conditions of being friendly to the environment, so evaluation is also indispensable. This chapter uses survey and evaluation examples, and uses ecotourism evaluation methods and monitoring items to let readers understand the advanced skills of ecotourism evaluation. In the Chaps. 2 and 3, when investigating and evaluating ecotourism, you need to learn many evaluation techniques. In terms of improving the quality of ecotourism surveys and assessments, it is necessary to increase the letter and effectiveness of biometrics.
Alanyazın derlemesine dayalı bu çalışmada ekolojik bilincin
oluşum sürecine ve dünyanın geleceği açısından taşıdığı öneme
odaklanılmıştır. Bu odak noktasından hareketle çalışmanın amacı,
ekolojik bilincin oluşturulup sürdürülmesinde halkla ilişkilerin
ve reklamın rolünün örnekler üzerinden aktarılmasıdır. Belirlenen
amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın kuramsal zemininde genel olarak
ekoloji ve ekolojiye içkin kavramlar tanımlanarak ekolojik sürdürülebilirlik
üzerinde durulmuştur. Ardından ekolojik sürdürülebilirlikte
ekolojik bilincin önemi ele alınmış ve temel yaklaşımlar
bağlamında günümüz ve gelecek perspektifindeki güncel eğilimler
ekolojik bilinç ekseninde tartışılmıştır. Tartışmanın devamında
ekolojik bilincin oluşum sürecinde halkla ilişkiler ve reklamın
rolü konu edilmiş ve ekolojik bilinç oluşturmada halkla ilişkiler
ve reklam çalışmalarının dünyada öne çıkan örnekleri açıklamalar
eşliğinde sunulmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde ise çalışmanın genel
hatlarına ve önemli vurgularına kapsayıcı bir değerlendirme
gerçekleştirilmiştir.
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