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Pre-coital and post-coital anti-implantation and abortifacient activities of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. Aerial parts
Abstract
The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata was tested for pre-coital and post-coital anti-implantation and abortifacient activities in female albino rats. In the pre-coital
study, the treatment at 20 and 40mg/kg body weight showed significant and dose-related anti-implantation and abortifacient
properties. In the post-coital studies at 20, 30 and 40mg/kg body weight doses, similar results were observed. The total
antifertility activity at 40mg/kg body weight was found to be comparable to that of standard ethinyl estradiol given for
the similar period. The plant merits further investigation to prove the mechanism of action and to isolate its phytoconstituents.
... These treatments also caused 18.61% (p < 0.01) and 37.22% (p < 0.001) abortifacient activities, respectively. The total antifertility activity in the pre- coital studies was found to be 47.47% and 95.87% for the two doses tested, respectively (Natraj et al., 2007). The main active constituents responsible for antifertility activity are identified as aristolic acid (Chakrabarty et al., 1987). ...
... Literature survey of the cited plants confirmed that Abrus preca- torius (Ross, 2005;Okoko et al., 2010), Acalypha indica ( Hafez, 1970;Shivayogi et al., 1999), Ailanthus excelsa ( Ravichandran et al., 2007), Ananas comosus ( Bhaduri et al., 1968;Garó et al., 1970;Näf-Müller and Willhalm, 1971), Aristolochia bracteolata ( Natraj et al., 2007), Azadirachta indica ( Riar et al., 1991;Sinha et al., 1984a,b), Bambusa vulgaris ( Yakubu and Bukoye, 2009), Embelia ribes (Radhakrishnan and Alam, 1975;Garg and Garg, 1978;Prakash, 1981), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ( Pakrashi et al., 1986;Vasudeva and Sharma, 2008), Plumbago zeylanica ( Premakumari et al., 1977;Chowdhury et al., 1982;Edwin et al., 2009), Vicoa indica ( Dhall and Dogra, 1988;Rao et al., 1996) potent antifertility effects. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation fertility
since ancient times. This review provides a comprehensive summary of medicinal flora inhabitating
throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for fertility regulation
in females.
Materials and methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and
peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades.
Plants/their parts/extracts traditionally used for abortion, contraception, emmenagogue and sterilization
purposes have been considered as antifertility agents. Research status of selected potential plant
species has been discussed. Further, compounds isolated from plants with attributed fertility regulating
potentials are also classified into three categories: (a) phytoconstituents with anti-implantation activity,
(b) phytoconstituents with abortifacient activity and (c) phytoconstituents with contraceptive activity.
Results: 577 plant species belonging to 122 families, traditionally used in fertility regulation in females,
have been recorded, of which 298 plants have been mentioned as abortifacients (42%), 188 as contraceptives
(31%), 149 as emmenagogues (24%), and 17 as sterilizers. Among 122 plant families, fabaceae
constitutes 49.2%, asteraceae 40.98%, euphorbiaceae 19.7%, apiaceae 16.4%, poaceae 12.3%, labiateae
11.5%, and others in lesser proportion. Various plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (25%),
roots (22%), fruits (15%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (37%), and flowers (4%). Some active compounds,
isolated from about various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential.
Conclusion: This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies
to find out novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited plants having traditional
role in fertility regulation. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active
compounds exert antifertility effects remain to be studied.
... These treatments also caused 18.61% (p < 0.01) and 37.22% (p < 0.001) abortifacient activities, respectively. The total antifertility activity in the precoital studies was found to be 47.47% and 95.87% for the two doses tested, respectively (Natraj et al., 2007). The main active constituents responsible for antifertility activity are identified as aristolic acid (Chakrabarty et al., 1987). ...
... Literature survey of the cited plants confirmed that Abrus precatorius (Ross, 2005;Okoko et al., 2010), Acalypha indica (Hafez, 1970;Shivayogi et al., 1999), Ailanthus excelsa (Ravichandran et al., 2007), Ananas comosus (Bhaduri et al., 1968;Garó et al., 1970;Näf-Müller and Willhalm, 1971), Aristolochia bracteolata (Natraj et al., 2007), Azadirachta indica (Riar et al., 1991;Sinha et al., 1984a,b), Bambusa vulgaris (Yakubu and Bukoye, 2009), Embelia ribes (Radhakrishnan and Alam, 1975;Garg and Garg, 1978;Prakash, 1981), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Pakrashi et al., 1986;Vasudeva and Sharma, 2008), Plumbago zeylanica (Premakumari et al., 1977;Chowdhury et al., 1982;Edwin et al., 2009), Vicoa indica (Dhall and Dogra, 1988;Rao et al., 1996) potent antifertility effects. ...
Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation fertility since ancient times. This review provides a comprehensive summary of medicinal flora inhabitating throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for fertility regulation in females.
Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts traditionally used for abortion, contraception, emmenagogue and sterilization purposes have been considered as antifertility agents. Research status of selected potential plant species has been discussed. Further, compounds isolated from plants with attributed fertility regulating potentials are also classified into three categories: (a) phytoconstituents with anti-implantation activity, (b) phytoconstituents with abortifacient activity and (c) phytoconstituents with contraceptive activity.
577 plant species belonging to 122 families, traditionally used in fertility regulation in females, have been recorded, of which 298 plants have been mentioned as abortifacients (42%), 188 as contraceptives (31%), 149 as emmenagogues (24%), and 17 as sterilizers. Among 122 plant families, fabaceae constitutes 49.2%, asteraceae 40.98%, euphorbiaceae 19.7%, apiaceae 16.4%, poaceae 12.3%, labiateae 11.5%, and others in lesser proportion. Various plant parts used in fertility regulation include leaves (25%), roots (22%), fruits (15%), seeds (12%), stem/stem bark (37%), and flowers (4%). Some active compounds, isolated from about various plant species, have been reported to possess significant antifertility potential.
This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies to find out novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited plants having traditional role in fertility regulation. Also, the mechanisms of action by which plant extracts and their active compounds exert antifertility effects remain to be studied.
... The compounds of hormonal value usually disturb the hormonal milieu in the uterus and provoke an anti-fertility effect (Mishra et al., 2011). It has already been reported that steroids (Natraj et al., 2007), flavonoids (flavones, flavonones and isoflavones) alkaloids and phenolics occuring in variety of plants have shown antifertility effects (Anderson et al., 1972;Khushalani et al., 2006) in laboratory animals. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in hydroalcoholic extract of Michelia champaca leaves. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Michelia champaca L. (family: Magnoliaceae), commonly known as Champa [Hindi], is traditionally used for fertility regulation by the women of Chhattisgarh state in India. No scientific evidence regarding the antifertility effect of this plant is available till date. Aim of the study: To study the anti-fertility effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Michelia champaca Linn. in female rats. Materials and methods: The antifertility activity of the extract (HAEMC) administered at dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was evaluated in two experimental animal models i.e. antiimplantation activity in female wistar rats and esterogenic/antiestrogenic activity in ovariectomized female rats. In anti-implantation activity, the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was administered to female rats from 1 to 7 days of pregnancy and on 10th day, laprotomy was performed to count the no. of implants. For estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity, ovariectomized female rats were administered with the extract at both the doses alone as well as along with 17α-ethinyl estradiol (1 μ/rat/ day) for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, all animals were sacrificed and blood serum was further processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters such as estrogen level, alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, tryglycerides, total protein etc. Results: The extract (HAEMC) showed significant (po 0.01) 49.95% and 71.03% antiimplantation activities at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses respectively. The extract also exhibited significant (po0.01) estrogenic activity as evidenced by increase in body weight, uterine weight, increased thickness and height of endometrium, vaginal cornification and significant (po0.01) increase in estrogen, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate and triglycerides levels at higher dose when administered alone as well as along with ethinyl estradiol. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract. Conclusions: Hydroalchoholic extract of Michelia champaca leaves possesses significant antifertility effect which might be due to the inhibition of implantation and estrogenic effect which in turn might be due to the presence of some phytoconstituents in the plant.
... The compounds of hormonal significance usually disturb the hormonal milieu in the uterus and enhance an anti-fertility effect [32]. It has already been reported that steroids [33], flavonoids, alkaloids and phenolics present in variety of plants have shown anti-fertility effects in laboratory animals [34,35]. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids in HAAS leaves extract. ...
Aim of the study: Alstonia scholaris Linn. (Family: Apocynaceae) commonly known as Devilʼs tree or Saptaparna tree, is traditionally used by the women of Papua New Guinea to induce abortion. Aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-fertility potential of hydro-alcoholic leaves extract of Alstonia scholaris Linn. (HAAS) in female rats.
Materials and methods: The anti-fertility activity of HAAS administered. at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses was evaluated in three animal models. In abortifacient activity, the extract was administered to female rats from 1 to 7 days of pregnancy and on 10th day, laparotomy was performed to count the number of implants. For estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity, ovariectomized female rats were administered with the HAAS alone as well as with 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE) (1 μ/rat/day) for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, all animals were sacrificed and blood serum was further processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters.
Results: The HAAS showed 41.67% and 61.91% abortifacient activities at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses respectively. In addition, HAAS also produced an irregular pattern of estrous cycle in all the treated rats. The extract also exhibited estrogenic activity as evidenced by increase in body weight, uterine weight, increased thickness and height of endometrium at higher dose when administered alone as well as along with EE as compare to control.
Conclusions: HAAS possesses anti-fertility effect due to the inhibition of implantation and estrogenic effect which in turn might be due to the presence of active phytoconstituents in the plant.
... e analysis of the reproductive variables goes through the ovaries' evaluation, which allows the investigation, besides its hormonal function, important reproductive indices by counting the number of corpora lutea which has direct relation to the amount of oocytes released during ovulation, allowing this way an analysis of the actual number of fertilized oocytes, besides thoughtful observation of the uterus in order to count the implantation sites and resorptions [1,31]. ...
The treatment during the embryonic preimplantation phase of Wistar rats with the Pradosia huberi extract did not interfere with the water and feed consumption, as well as upon the body-weight gain. However, it has expressed a decrease of the uterine implant number, followed by the preimplantation losses at all applied doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg), and the number of embryonic resorptions in the two highest doses (6.1 and 30.5 mg/kg). After the organ weighing (hypophysis, ovaries, and uterus), only the relative weight of the hypophysis was raised at the different doses (1.22, 6.1, and 30.5 mg/kg). It was concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Pradosia huberi compromises the reproductive ability during the embryonic preimplantation phase, suggesting a possible toxic effect upon the reproductive system of Wistar rats.
... The compounds of hormonal value usually disturb the hormonal milieu in the uterus and provoke an anti-fertility effect (Mishra et al., 2011). It has already been reported that steroids (Natraj et al., 2007), flavonoids (flavones, flavonones and isoflavones) alkaloids and phenolics occuring in variety of plants have shown antifertility effects (Anderson et al., 1972; Khushalani et al., 2006) in laboratory animals. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids , flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in hydroalcoholic extract of Michelia champaca leaves. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Michelia champaca L. (family: Magnoliaceae), commonly known as Champa [Hindi], is traditionally used for fertility regulation by the women of Chhattisgarh state in India. No scientific evidence regarding the antifertility effect of this plant is available till date.
Aim of the study:
To study the anti-fertility effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Michelia champaca Linn. in female rats.
Materials and methods:
The antifertility activity of the extract (HAEMC) administered at dose levels (100 and 200mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was evaluated in two experimental animal models i.e. antiimplantation activity in female wistar rats and esterogenic/antiestrogenic activity in ovariectomized female rats. In anti-implantation activity, the extract (200 and 400mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was administered to female rats from 1 to 7 days of pregnancy and on 10th day, laprotomy was performed to count the no. of implants. For estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activity, ovariectomized female rats were administered with the extract at both the doses alone as well as along with 17α-ethinyl estradiol (1 μ/rat/day) for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, all animals were sacrificed and blood serum was further processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters such as estrogen level, alkaline phosphates, cholesterol, tryglycerides, total protein etc.
Results:
The extract (HAEMC) showed significant (p<0.01) 49.95% and 71.03% antiimplantation activities at 100 and 200mg/kg doses respectively. The extract also exhibited significant (p<0.01) estrogenic activity as evidenced by increase in body weight, uterine weight, increased thickness and height of endometrium, vaginal cornification and significant (p<0.01) increase in estrogen, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate and triglycerides levels at higher dose when administered alone as well as along with ethinyl estradiol. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract.
Conclusions:
Hydroalchoholic extract of Michelia champaca leaves possesses significant antifertility effect which might be due to the inhibition of implantation and estrogenic effect which in turn might be due to the presence of some phytoconstituents in the plant.
... Methanolic root extract of a local species of Plumbago rosea showed mild abortive potential in pregnant mice when given orally at high doses (400 and 800 mg/ kg) once daily for ten days starting from day 10 of gestation [54]. In the pre-coital and post-coital study, the treatment of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata at 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight showed significant and dose-related anti-implantation and abortifacient properties [55]. Ethanolic extract of the roots of Derris brevipes at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight exhibited 40% anti-implantation activity and none of these rats delivered any litters and showed 100 % antifertility (anti-implantation as well as abortifacient) activity [56]. ...
Despite many achievements in human health care in the twenty first century, population in developing countries lack regular access to affordable essential drugs. For these people, modern medicine is never likely to be a realistic treatment option. In contrast medicinal plants is widely available and affordable, even in remote areas. The cost of modern medicine is increasing by modern health technology and in many cases is inappropriate to the immediate needs of people in developing countries. Traditional medicine is sometimes the only affordable source of health care especially for the world’s poorest patients. There is no thorough scientific investigation on most of the claims made by the traditional medicine practitioners. One of the main challenges is lack of coherent national health policies and development plans that will include traditional medicine research and development, allocation of financial and other resources of traditional medicine research. In addition there is deficiency of systematic plans for developing research capacity in traditional medicine leading to lack of a critical mass of traditional medicine researchers including traditional health practitioners.
Ethno Pharmacological Relevance: Traditional medicinal plants are practiced worldwide for treatment of
arthritis especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This review presents the plants
profiles inhabiting throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for
treatment of arthritis. Materials and Methods: Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical
text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six
decades. Plants/their parts/extracts/polyherbal formulations, toxicity studies for arthritis have been included
in the review article. The profiles presented also include information about the scientific name, family, dose,
methodology along with mechanism of action and toxicity profile. Research status of 20 potential plant species
has been discussed. Further, geographical distribution of research, plants distribution according to families has
been given in graphical form. Results: 485 plant species belonging to 100 families, traditionally used in arthritis
are used. Among 100 plant families, malvaceae constitute 16, leguminasae 7, fabaceae 13, euphorbiaceae
7, compositae 20, araceae 7, solanaceae 12, liliaceae 9, apocynaceae, lauraceae, and rubiaceae 10, and
remaining in lesser proportion. It was observed in our study that majority of researches are carried mainly in
developing countries like India, China, Korea and Nigeria. Conclusion: This review clearly indicates that list of
medicinal plants presented in this review might be useful to researchers as well as practioners. This review
can be useful for preliminary screening of potential anti-arthritis plan
Ethno pharmacological relevance:
Traditional medicinal plants are practiced worldwide for treatment of arthritis especially in developing countries where resources are meager. This review presents the plants profiles inhabiting throughout the world regarding their traditional usage by various tribes/ethnic groups for treatment of arthritis.
Materials and methods:
Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classical text books and peer reviewed papers, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last six decades. Plants/their parts/extracts/polyherbal formulations, toxicity studies for arthritis have been included in the review article. The profiles presented also include information about the scientific name, family, dose, methodology along with mechanism of action and toxicity profile. Research status of 20 potential plant species has been discussed. Further, geographical distribution of research, plants distribution according to families has been given in graphical form.
Results:
485 plant species belonging to 100 families, traditionally used in arthritis are used. Among 100 plant families, malvaceae constitute 16, leguminasae 7, fabaceae 13, euphorbiaceae 7, compositae 20, araceae 7, solanaceae 12, liliaceae 9, apocynaceae, lauraceae, and rubiaceae 10, and remaining in lesser proportion. It was observed in our study that majority of researches are carried mainly in developing countries like India, China, Korea and Nigeria.
Conclusion:
This review clearly indicates that list of medicinal plants presented in this review might be useful to researchers as well as practioners. This review can be useful for preliminary screening of potential anti-arthritis plants. Further toxicity profile given in the review can be useful for the researchers for finding the safe dose.
Objective
An ethnobotanical study was undertaken to collect information from local people about the use of contraceptive medicinal plants in Kathiyavadi Village.Methods
Kathiyavadi Village was surveyed through interviewing of randomly selected 321 participants using semi-structured questionnaire and regular field visits.ResultsThe investigations revealed that there are about 25 species of medicinal plants which were used by local peoples.Conclusions
The study revealed that the local peoples are using folklore medicinal plants for contraceptive purpose. This survey is mostly useful for rural area of local people.
Traditional medicines are practiced worldwide for regulation of fertility since ancient times. This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of African medicinal flora regarding their medicinal use, substances isolated, and pharmacological effects on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Bibliographic investigation was carried out by analyzing classic textbooks and peer-reviewed papers. Ninety-four traditionally used plant species with documented pharmacological activity have been recorded, of which 70 have been mentioned as having potential activity on the reproductive system, 12 on the cardiovascular system, and 12 on the central nervous system. This review clearly indicates that it is time to increase the number of experimental studies to find novel potential chemical entities from such a vast array of unexploited African plants having a traditional role in the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems.
The genus Michelia, belonging to family Magnoliaceae, consists of about 80 plant species mainly distributed in South Asian countries. The plants of this genus have been traditionally used in curing various diseases like fever, colic, leprosy, eye disorders, inflammation, antidote for scorpion, etc. Ninety-four compounds isolated from nine species of the genus Michelia like sesquiterpenes, steroids, flavonoids, aporphines, phenols, esters, benzenoids and alkaloids have antibacterial, anticancer and antiplasmodial activities. This review presents first time detailed information on chemical and biological properties of constituents isolated from the genus Michelia.
to evaluate the toxicity of tacrolimus on embryonic development in rats treated during the tubal transit period.
sixty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (15 animals each), which received different doses of tacrolimus through intragastric administration: (T1) 1.0 mg/kg/day, (T2) 2.0 mg/kg/day and (T3) 4.0 mg/kg/day. The control group (C) received distilled water. The rats were observed daily to detect clinical signs of toxicity. The treatments were performed from the first to the fifth day of pregnancy. The following maternal variables were analyzed: body, ovary, liver, and kidney weights, food intake, number of corpora lutea, implants, alive and dead fetuses, and implantation rates. The fetuses and placentae were weighed and the former were observed in order to detect external malformation. Statistical analysis was performed by one way: analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Dunnet test (alpha=0.05).
there were no signs of maternal toxicity, such as body weight loss, decrease in food intake or in organ weights (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference among weights of fetuses (C: 1.8+/-0.6; T1: 2.2+/-0.5; T2: 1.9+/-0.5 and T3: 2.0+/-0.5 g) and placentae (C: 1,6+/-0.4; T1: 1.5+/-0.4; T2: 1.8+/-0.4 e T3: 1.6+/-0.4 g), with p>0.05; no external malformation was detected in the fetuses.
the administration of tacrolimus to pregnant rats during the tubal transit period does not seem to generate any toxic effect to mother or embryo.
Alcoholic extract of leaf and stem bark of A. excelsa at a dose of 250 mg equivalent of plant material/kg body weight, exhibited remarkably high anti-implantation and early abortifacient activities. The results are in agreement with the traditional use of this plant as a abortifacient by the Irula women of the Nilgiri district.
A new alkaloid designated as ervatine, in addition to seven known alkaloids, viz. tabersonine, coronaridine, heyneanine, voacristine, voacristine hydroxyindolenine, hydroxyibogamine, and coronaridine hydroxyindolenine, were isolated from the fruit of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. Characterisation and structure elucidation of these compounds was made on the basis of their spectral analyses. The ethanolic extract and isolated alkaloids heyneanine and voacristine prevented pregnancy when administered during the preimplantation period in Sprague-Dawley rats. These were, however, found to possess significant uterotrophic activity.
1 ** CDRI Communication No. 5946.
Antifertility and abortifacient potentiality of vicolide D
- A Muzaffer
- T Susan
- S Joy
- Bhima Rao
Antifertility screening of plants–part 1, investigation of Butea monosperma (Lam) Kutze
- V Khanna
- Rr Chaudhury
Pharmacological action of Aristolochia bracteolata as the uterus
- N K Dutt
- M S Sastry
- NK Dutt