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Development of new method for antioxidant capacity with ORP-pH system
Abstract
Many methods are used in the measurement of antioxidative capacity. These methods require very complex procedures and pretreatment.
Our suggestions for research will be simple and accurate methods for obtaining many kinds of samples, especially colored samples
such as natural product extracts for measuring antioxidative capacities. For oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) system value,
we examined the relationships between the ORP-pH system and the ORAC, FRAP methods. To evaluate ORP System value, we calculated
the absolute slope/intercept from the linear regression of each standard material at different concentrations and ORP-pH system,
and compared the correlations with ORAC and FRAP values.
KeywordsORP system value–ORP–ORAC method–FRAP method–ORP-pH system
... Oxidation-reduction potential was suggested as a simple and fast method for evaluation of antioxidant capacity [35]. The ORP represents the total content of oxidizing/reducing agents. ...
... Moderate correlation was determined between ORP and total phenolic compound content (r = 0.489, p < 0.001), total flavonoid content (r = 0.312, p < 0.001) and radical scavenging activity (r = 0.565, p < 0.001). In comparison, ORP in fresh sea buckthorn juice was 252 mV [36], in 100 mM ascorbic acid it was 0.828 mV, while in 100 mM α-tocopherol it was 0.134 mV [35]. ...
The aim of this study was to compare the physichochemical composition of various bee products, namely, bee pollen, beebread, propolis, honey, and royal jelly. The samples (37 out of 53) were collected in Lithuania, several samples from other Europe countries (Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Slovakia, Poland, Spain, Republic of Malta, The Netherlands, Latvia, Ukraine) were used for comparison. Various quantities, such as pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, NaCl content, refraction index, Brix value, total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content and antiradical activity were measured. Together with the mentioned, the content of micro- and macroelements (As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy absorption spectra were analysed. To our knowledge, the literature data about comprehensive comparison of various characteristics of bee products are scarce. Also, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing mineral content in Lithuanian bee pollen, beebread and royal jelly. The study exposed that bee pollen not only showed the highest values of pH, electrical conductivity and content of soluble solids, but also distinguished from the other samples by the highest flavonoid content (up to 48.3 mg/10 g), the absence of Cr, the presence of Co (0.011–0.100 mg/kg) and Sr (0.73–5.37 mg/kg) and the highest content of Ca (997–2455 mg/kg) and Mg (644–1004 mg/kg). Hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to group the tested samples according to the physicochemical analysis results and mineral content. The clustering analysis revealed that bee pollen formed separate group with the highest distance from the other samples in both cases.
... In order to keep the water environment for aquacultural farming in a good state, monitoring and controlling of pH, DO and ORP should be done frequently. Recently, the demand to monitor multiple parameters such as DO, pH, ORP is also increasing in wide range of application fields [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] such as wastewater treatment [8,0], treatment of azo-dye textile wastewater [11], bioprocess of non-filamentous bulking sludge [14] and tracking of critical disinfectant levels in water systems [15]. ...
Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) are important parameters of water quality in aquacultural farming and these parameters need to be monitored continuously. In this paper we report fabrication and characterisation of electrochemical sensor chips with pairs of platinum (Pt) electrodes and Ag/AgCl electrodes to measure multiple parameters including DO, pH and ORP with low cost and simple operation. The platinum electrodes were fabricated by lithography, sputtering and lift-off techniques. The fabricated platinum electrodes were used as working and counter electrodes and a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) was used as a reference electrode. To measure DO, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed when the platinum electrodes were dipped in pH buffer solutions as DO levels ranged from 1.5 to 26 ppm. The CV results showed the increase in current related to the reduction peak of oxygen when DO concentration increased. The correlation of the current and DO levels was also determined. The ORP of various electrolyte solutions which have different pH and ORP values was determined by open circuit potential (OCP) measurements. The correlation of OCP values, pH and ORP values was investigated. The stability of ORP values and durability of the fabricated electrodes were also studied. The results exhibited the possibility of using the fabricated electrode chips for multiple measurements of DO, pH and ORP in aquacultural farming.. (2018) 'Electrochemical sensor chips for multiple measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH and oxidation-reduction potential in aquacultural farming', Int.
... This result shows that EGCGe has higher antioxidant capacity than EGCe. There is an excellent correlation between ORAC and ORP measurements reported for ascorbic acid, BHT, BHA and alphatocopherol (Lee, Kim, Seo, Kim, & Kim, 2004), which helps confirm our ORP results. Taken together, the use of a battery of indices to measure redox potential and antioxidant function has enable us to conclude that the enriched tea extracts were effective at preserving oxidation of L-5-MTHF. ...
The halophilic enterobacteria, Enterobacteria cancerogenus, was isolated from the intestines of the fusiform fish (Trachurus japonicus) to yield a protein-like material termed PLM-f74. PLM-f74 was characterized by strong inhibition ratios to angiogenesis (82.8% at the concentration of 18.5 μg/ml) and elevated antioxidative capacities with low toxicity. The PLM-f74 is a glycoprotein comprised of saccharides and amino acids. PLM-f74 inhibited cell adhesion that non-activated U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HUVECs activated with IL-1β by 78.0%, and the adherence of U937 cells treated with the PLM-f74 and stimulated with IL-1β to unstimulated HUVECs decreased by 102%. When both cell types were pretreated with PLM-f74, the adhesion of U937 cells to IL-1β-stimulated HUVECs was completely suppressed by 121% at a concentration of 18.5 μg/ml. PLM-f74 blocked signal pathways from VEGFR2, PI3K, β-catenin, and VE-cadherin to NF-κB, based on western bolt analysis. It also inhibited IL-1-stimulated HUVEC expression of the adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 by 40%, VCAM-1 by 60%, and E-selectin by 70% at the same concentration noted above. New anti-angiogenic and anti-cell adhesion materials showing elevated antioxidative capacities, and non-toxicity may be expected from these results.
The present study is aimed at deriving study factors appropriate for removal of heavy metals in a region with combined contamination of non-biodegradable organics or heavy metal ions in soil or underground water contamination or a region with underground water contamination using a composite alternating current electromagnetic field with combined modulation of an electric and a magnetic field. In addition, it is directed at deriving fundamental experiment, design factors that can be utilized in removing organic contaminants or metal-organic complexes having polarity of an electric charge.
Vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was manufactured using extract of natural products and green tea. Antioxidative capacity of natural products and combination of natural products was measured with Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) system value. Inhibitory ability of vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was compared with Inhibition Zone Diameter (IZD) values. Phellodendri cortex, Schizandrae fructus, Theae folium, Scutellaria baicalensis george and Acanthodanacis cortex and combination of these natural products were showed higher antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect against V. para-haemolyticus. Two kinds of combinations, A combination was composed of Phellodendri cortex, Schizandrae fructus, Theae folium, Scutellaria baicalensis george, and B combination was consisted of Acanthodanacis cortex and A combination, were presented higher inhibition ratio with IZD values as and , respectively. Vibriocidal GOCHUJANG was prepared based on A and B combination with their higher IZD Value as and , respectively. When vinegar was added to A and B based GOCHUJANG, their IZD value was more higher as and , respectively B combination based GOCHUJANG was exhibited higher inhibitory effect than A based GOCHUJANG. Combination of natural products was more important process for increasing vibriocidal effect. But addition of soybean malt or chitosan or a garlic into A or B combined GOCHUJANG, no different effect was exhibited.
Three kinds of bacteria that influence Kimchi fermentation, Lactobacillus plantarium for acidity, Leuconostoc mesenteroides for ripening Kimchi, and Pichia membranifaciens for decreasing Kimchi quality, were regulated by natural products including Theae folium, Taraxacum coreanum, Brassica juncea, Astragali radix, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Camellia japonica, Agaricus blazei, and Cordyceps militaris. The common prescription combined T. folium, T. coreanum and C. militaris and simultaneously regulated these 3 bacteria as follows: the growth of L. plantarium and P. membranifaciens were inhibited and L. mesenteroides was promoted. The most effective mixing ratio was T. folium: T. coreanum: C. militaris = 3:2:1. With this new prescription, deep flavor, extended preservation, and a special taste are expected in the Kimchi due to these natural products.
Features of the nuclear isothermal incompressibility kappa and adiabatic incompressibility kappa are investigated. The calculations are done at zero and finite temperatures and non-zero entropy and for several equations of state with a long range attraction and a short range repulsion. It is shown that kappa decreases with increasing entropy while the isothermal kappa increases with increasing T. A duality is found between the adiabatic kappa and the T=0 isothermal kappa. The effect of correlations on kappa is studied. A peak in kappa can occur from attractive scattering correlations in various two-nucleon spin isospin channels. The second virial coefficient or rho term in P versus density parallels a result that appears in the theory of superconductivity.
Homogentisic acid was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
radicals and thus prevented lipid peroxidation in human fibroblast (WI 38) cells. The radical scavenging activity of homogentisic
acid was found to protect WI 38 cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress, via the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protein. Homogentisic acid increased
the activity of catalase. Hence, from the present study, it is suggested that homogentisic acid protects WI 38 cells against
H2O2 damage by enhancing the intracellular antioxidative activity.
Data from the L3, Tasso, Opal and Delphi Collaborations are analyzed in terms of a statistical model of high energy collisions. The model contains a power law critical exponent τ and Levy index α. These data are used to study values of τ and α. The very high multiplicity events in L3, Opal and Delphi are consistent with a model based on a Feynman–Wilson gas which has a tail exponent τ=3/2 and α=1/2.
Medicinal plants have a lot of type antioxidants, mostly polyphenols, flavonoids which exhibit high antioxidant activity (Rice-Evans et al. 1995). The intake of antioxidants present in food is an important health-protecting factor. Herbal compounds known by ancient medicine are of growing interest in the domain of prevention of diseases. The FRAP assay (ferric reducing ability of plasma), a simple test of the total antioxidant power have been chosen to assess the presumable effects of some kind of tea and medicinal plant. The aim of our work was to get answer for the question: is this method applicable for investigation of fresh plant samples and herbs? FRAP assay depends upon the ferric tripyridyltriazine (Fe(III)-TPTZ) complex to the ferrous tripyridyltriazine (Fe(II)-TPTZ) by a reductant at low pH. Fe(II)-TPTZ has an intensive blue colour and can be monitored at 593 nm. (Benzie and Strain 1996). Several species of medicinal plants were involved in our investigations: from Labiatae family Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis, Satureja hortensis and Majoranna hortensis. Our results show that FRAP method is sensitive in the measurement of total antioxidant power of fresh biological fluids, such as plant homogenates and pharmacological plant products. Antioxidant activity of our samples were confirmed with in vitro model system.
In the present study, ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) collected from various regions (Taipei, Mingchen and Fangliao) in Taiwan during different time periods (June, August and October-November, 2000) were tested for their antibacterial and antioxidative activities. In addition, the thermal stabilities of these activities exerted by EEP were also investigated. It was found that the EEP samples, depending on collecting location and time period, exerted various antioxidative activities in terms of scavenging α,α-diphenyl-2-piorylhydrasyl (DPPH) free radicals and showed various extents of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, but not against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In general, the Taiwanese propolis extract collected in June showed the most profound antibacterial and free radical-scavenging activities than those collected during other time periods. Among all of the samples tested, EEP collected from the Mingchien area in June exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, while that collected from the Taipei area during the same time period showed the highest free radical-scavenging activity. Further tests of EEP collected from Taipei in June revealed that its DPPH free radical-scavenging effects reduced significantly after heating at 50, 80 or 100°C for 1 hr, while its antibacterial activity remained unchanged.
The effect of the antioxidant activity of β-carotene and related carotenoids on the free radical-oxidation of methyl linoleate
in solution was examined by measuring the production of methyl linoleate hydroperoxides. Canthaxanthin and astaxanthin which
possess oxo groups at the 4 and 4′-positions in the β-inonone ring retarded the hydroperoxide formation more efficiently than
β-carotene and zeaxanthin which possess no oxo groups. The rates of autocatalytic oxidation of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin
were also slower than those of β-carotene and zeaxanthin. These results suggest that canthaxanthin and astaxanthin are more
effective antioxidants than β-carotene by stabilizing the trapped radicals.
A remarkable increase in the permeability of erythrocyte ghosts and liposomal membranes composed of erythrocyte lipids from aged diabetics was revealed by measuring [14C]glucose leakage. There were no significant differences in the contents of free cholesterol or phospholipids, or in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio between diabetic and normal erythrocyte membranes, but significantly higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were observed in the erythrocyte membranes of diabetics. Reconstituted liposomes prepared from aged diabetic erythrocyte lipids were highly susceptible to superoxide-induced oxidative stress. Vitamin E was highly effective in suppressing the peroxidative lysis of liposomes composed of diabetic erythrocyte lipids. The effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the inhibition of peroxidation of unsaturated lipids within liposomal membranes was less than that of vitamin E.
There are many nutrients required for optimal bone health throughout the lifecycle. Bone is a living tissue and needs all the nutrients that other tissues require. In addition, bone has extraordinary requirements for calcium, phosphorus and protein, as these make up its major structural components. Other nutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin K, and dietary factors such as soy isoflavones and milk basic protein (MBP) have been shown to promote optimal bone health. In several case studies of functional foods provided in Canada that are intended to promote bone health, we show that there can be a combination of bone-enhancing factors in 'familiar' foods that will appeal to different target populations.
Water and organic extracts (diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and methanol) obtained from Hizikia fusiformis were screened on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) and lipid peroxidation (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation) inhibitory assays. Water, methanol and ethanol extracts showed significant ROS radical scavenging activities. Water extracts showed high scavenging activities on hydrogen peroxide (around 76%) and DPPH radicals (around 75%) while it presented a moderate scavenging activity on hydroxyl radicals (around 54%). Comparatively higher ROS scavenging activities were recorded in hydroxyl radical and DPPH scavenging assays. DPPH radical scavenging activities were well correlated with the polyphenolic content. ROS scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities indicated that H. fusiformis might be a valuable natural antioxidative source containing both water and fatsoluble antioxidative components.
The unicellular green algaHaematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great interest due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione,
widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle ofH. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red
immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining
conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells
against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative
stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to
stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from vegetative
to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of bothin vitro andin vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater
in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative genesis and carotenogenesis, and the
accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological
roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.
Among 59 Korean isolated, 20 were confirmed as members of the genusBifidobacterium species based on gram staining, microscopic examination of cell morphology and the TLC method. The oxygen tolerance and antioxidative
activities of these 20Bifidobacterium strains and 5 standardBifidobacterium strains were tested. All the strains demonstrated antioxidative activities as regards inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation.
The antioxidative activities of isolated and standard strains were found to range from 10.7–46.4% and from 10.7–22.2%, respectively.
In addition, all tested strains exhibited a scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, range from 15–41% for the isolated strains
and 8.3–22% for the standard strain. Accordingly, the isolatedBifidobacterium strains demonstrated higher antioxidative activities than the 5 standardBifidobacterium strains. On the base of grades for each test, HJL 7511 was identified as the best strain, followed by HJL 7501. 2 strains
were identified with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using group-specific primers designed from the nucleotide sequences
of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the Bifidobacteria. Based on the sequencing results, HJL
7511 and HJL 7501 were identified asBifidobacterium infantis.
In this paper, we standardized a method for determining antioxidant potential in corals. This was determined using a simple, reproducible and inexpensive method: the ferric reducing/antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. This procedure involves the reduction of FeIII-TPTZ to a blue colored FeII-TPTZ by biological antioxidants and chemical reductants, some of which might have no antioxidant activity in a sample. The FRAP assay compares the change in absorbance at 600 nm of a sample compared with the change in absorbance of a known standard (FeSO4·7H2O) to determine antioxidant levels. This assay was used to determine changes in antioxidant potential in the corals Pocillopora damicornis and Pocillopora meandrina exposed to different temperatures (28, 29, 30 and 31 °C) for 3 h. Corals were also incubated at 31 °C for time intervals of a 0.5, 1 and 3 h. Antioxidant potential in the coral host increased with temperature and time, as indicated by FRAP values, compared to control samples at ambient sea surface temperatures (26.5–27 °C). Lower FRAP values could be a response to lower production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the result of an increase in ROS that react with the antioxidants. Because of the complex interactions within cells, one test is normally not enough to understand precisely what is going on within the cell. Rather, a broad array of tests is required to determine the different cellular parameters that are occurring within a biological system. To our knowledge, this is the first time that FRAP has been used to determine antioxidant status in a marine organism. The FRAP technique can potentially be a useful and inexpensive tool for marine biologists engaged in ecotoxicological studies.