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Effect of enriched pressmud cake on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane
Abstract
The effect due to integrated use of chemical fertilizers (50%, 75% and 100% of recommended NPK) and Enriched Pressmud cake
(10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1 ) in comparison with raw Pressmud cake (15 t ha-1 ) was studied on Sugarcane crop for three seasons from 1999–2000 to 2002–2003 at Zonal Agricultural Research station, Visweswaraiah
Canal Farm, Mandya. Integrated use of Enriched Pressmud cake @ 15 t ha-1 at recommended fertilization resulted in increased cane and sugar yields to the tune of 21 per cent over chemical fertilizers
alone with an additional income of Rs. 23, 181 ha-1 realized at the cost of Rs. 6000 ha-1. The findings were also indicative of saving in fertilizer NPK by 50 per cent by the addition of enriched Pressmud cake @
101 ha-1 which was comparable with Raw Pressmud @ 15 t ha-1. Enrichment of Pressmud cake exhibited enhanced efficiency and higher returns
... Press mud with pH of 5.0 can recalim sodic soil (Avishek, D., et al., 2018). Due to its favorable effects on soil properties, it is primarily used both as a soil reclamation agent and as soil conditioner (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005). Being a rich source of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potash (K), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) it is expected to increase the soil fertility (Avishek, D., et al., 2018). ...
... Press mud being a rich source of calcium and phosphate (Thai et al., 2015) organic matter, total nitrogen (Said et al., 2010) zinc and copper (Avishek, D., et al., 2018) is anticipated to increase the soil fertility. Due to its favorable effects on soil health and microbial activity, it is also considered as a good soil conditioner (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005). The addition of press mud increased the organic matter and nutrient availability and reduced the uptake of toxic ions resulting in improved growth and yield of crops (Azhar et al., 2019). ...
... The addition of press mud increased the organic matter and nutrient availability and reduced the uptake of toxic ions resulting in improved growth and yield of crops (Azhar et al., 2019). Application of PM @ 15 t ha -1 with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer increased the yield of sugarcane up to 21% (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005). Similarly, Imran et al. (2021) observed an increase of 77% in wheat grain yield in salt-affected soil with application of PM @ 15 g kg -1 soil. ...
Press mud is a nutrient-rich organic residue and elemental sulfur being a reclamation agent in combination or alone can be used for rehabilitation of salt-affected soils on wheat-pearl millet crops. The results of present study revealed that press mud and sulfur hold excellent potential to reclaim the saline-sodic soil and alleviate the salinity stress in wheat and pearl millet crops. However, integrated use of sulfur (S) and press mud (PM) demonstrated the positive effects on soil health and crop resilience. Application of S @ 50% gypsum requirement (GR) with PM @ 10 t ha-1 showed better results than all other treatments and increased the plant height, number of tillers, spike length, 1000 grain weight, straw yield and grain yield of wheat by 11.16%, 9.87%, 27.93%, 15.65%, 33.54% and 50.26% respectively. Same trend was observed in pearl millet and the plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, grain panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield were increased by 16.66%, 22.85%, 13.11%, 9.74%, 13.64%, and19.37% respectively over control. Integrated use of sulfur and press mud also ameliorated the soil properties and reduced the soil pH (4.57%), EC (15.26%), SAR (56.26%), and BD (10.11%) and increased HC (32.5%). Therefore, the integrated sulfur application @ 50% GR and press mud @ 10 t ha-1 are recommended as an effective reclamation strategy to manage the saline-sodic soil for better productivity of wheat and pearl millet crops.
... ha) and sugar yield (15.08 ton/ha), respectively. Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) using chemical fertilizers 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended NPK and Enriched filter cake 10ton/ha and 15ton/ ha in comparison with raw filter cake 15ton/ha Integrated at recommended fertilization. Resulted that enriched filter cake at 15ton/ha increased cane, sugar yields. ...
... These results could be referred to the role filter cake in addition of some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants as shown in Table 2. This finding is in accordance with those reported by Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
... These results could be referred to that the filter cake added some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants (as shown in Table 2). These findings in agreement with those obtained by Kalaimani & Giridharan (2001), Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station,
Sohag Governorate (latitude of 26°33'N, longitude of 31°41'E and Altitude of 69m), in the
two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of study the effect of
nitrogen, phosphorus and filter cake on yield and quality of sugarcane. The filed experimental
work was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) using a split-split plot
arrangement in three replications in both growing seasons.
The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels from 150 up to 210kg N/fad resulted in a
significant increase in plant length, diameter, stalk weight, number of millable canes, cane and
sugar yields, as well as brix, sucrose, quality and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons.
Super phosphate addition by rates 30kg P2
O5
/fad resulted in a significant increase in plant
length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight and cane and sugar yields, as well as
brix, sucrose and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons.
Results showed that the addition of filter cake by 4tons/fad give a significant increase in
plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight, cane and sugar yields, as well as
brix, sucrose and sugar recovery percentages in both season
... ha) and sugar yield (15.08 ton/ha), respectively. Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) using chemical fertilizers 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended NPK and Enriched filter cake 10ton/ha and 15ton/ ha in comparison with raw filter cake 15ton/ha Integrated at recommended fertilization. Resulted that enriched filter cake at 15ton/ha increased cane, sugar yields. ...
... These results could be referred to the role filter cake in addition of some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants as shown in Table 2. This finding is in accordance with those reported by Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
... These results could be referred to that the filter cake added some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants (as shown in Table 2). These findings in agreement with those obtained by Kalaimani & Giridharan (2001), Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
THE PRESENT investigation was carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station,
Sohag Governorate (latitude of 26°33'N, longitude of 31°41'E and Altitude of 69m), in the
two successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to investigate the effect of study the effect of
nitrogen, phosphorus and filter cake on yield and quality of sugarcane. The filed experimental
work was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) using a split-split plot
arrangement in three replications in both growing seasons.
The results showed that increasing nitrogen levels from 150 up to 210kg N/fad resulted in a
significant increase in plant length, diameter, stalk weight, number of millable canes, cane and
sugar yields, as well as brix, sucrose, quality and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons.
Super phosphate addition by rates 30kg P2
O5
/fad resulted in a significant increase in plant
length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight and cane and sugar yields, as well as
brix, sucrose and sugar recovery percentages in both seasons.
Results showed that the addition of filter cake by 4tons/fad give a significant increase in
plant length, diameter, number of millable canes, stalk weight, cane and sugar yields, as well as
... These results could be referred that press mud contains some organic matter and nutrients (Table 2), which had a positive role in sugarcane growth. This finding is in accordance with those reported by Kumar and Verma (2002), Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). Data in Table 3 showed that increasing nitrogen fertilization levels from 180 to 210 increased millable cane length significantly by8.40 and 22.43 cm, respectively in the 1 st season, corresponding to 11.56 and 24.75 cm, in the 2 nd one, as compared with that recorded when N-fertilizer was given at 150 kg N/fed. ...
... These results could be referred to that the press mud added some organic matter and nutrients (Table 2) to the soil used by cane plants. These findings in agreement with those obtained by Kalaimani and Giridharan (2001), Kumar and Verma (2002), Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). Table 4 showed that increasing nitrogen fertilization levels from 180 to 210 led to a significant increase in the single stalk weight and a number of millable canes/fed amounted to (0.04 and 0.07 kg/plant) and (0.39 and.0.81 thousand canes/fed), respectively in the 1 st season, corresponding to (0.04 and 0.09 kg) and (0.52 and 0.84 thousand canes/fed), in the 2 nd one, successively as compared with those recorded when sugarcane was given 150 kg N/fed. ...
... These results could be referred to as the increase in the single stalk weight and a number of millable canes (Table 4) and juice quality characteristics as sucrose % (Table 5), purity % and sugar recovery% (Table 6) as affected by the applied press mud. These results are in agreement with those obtained by Pakkiyappan and Saminathan (1999), Kumar and Verma (2002), Babu et al., (2005), Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005), Santos et al., (2010), and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
... ha) and sugar yield (15.08 ton/ha), respectively. Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) using chemical fertilizers 50%, 75% and 100% of recommended NPK and Enriched filter cake 10ton/ha and 15ton/ ha in comparison with raw filter cake 15ton/ha Integrated at recommended fertilization. Resulted that enriched filter cake at 15ton/ha increased cane, sugar yields. ...
... These results could be referred to the role filter cake in addition of some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants as shown in Table 2. This finding is in accordance with those reported by Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
... These results could be referred to that the filter cake added some organic matter and nutrients to the soil used by cane plants (as shown in Table 2). These findings in agreement with those obtained by Kalaimani & Giridharan (2001), Kumar & Verma (2002), Shankaraiah & Murthy (2005) and Abd-El-Kader (2017). ...
... Organic residues usually contain considerable amounts of soluble inorganic P, which contribute to immediate release of P after incorporation into the soil (Krey et al, 2013). In another study, Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005) reported increases in soil fertility related to chemical fertilization using 15 t ha -1 of filter cake (wet basis), an indicative of higher nutrient absorption by the plant. Results showed that the addition of organic materials reduced P fixation in the soil with increases in the labile P fraction. ...
... phosphate fertilizer with an organic residue enhance P uptake by plants, reflecting in higher yield gains (Almeida Júnior et al., 2011). The literature widely discusses increases in stalk yield as a function of sugarcane P fertilization (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005;Bokhtiar et al, 2008;Kumar and Sinha, 2008;Korndörfer and Melo, 2009;Santos et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2010;Devi et al, 2012;Tsado et al, 2013;Santos et al., 2014). In an experiment in India, the application of 52.5 kg of P ha -1 in the planting furrow resulted in an increase of 20.8% in yield compared to the treatments without phosphorous (Kumar and Sinha, 2008). ...
... It is a source of nutrients (P, Ca) and adds organic matter besides promoting cation exchange capacity (CEC). The microbial activity in the soil improves substantially due the addition of filter cake (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005). According to Santos et al. (2010), the most effective use of filter cake occurs when it is applied at planting, when the water in the filter cake promotes sprouting and the phosphorus to be mineralized is close to the roots. ...
The application of filter cake associated with phosphorous can prevent the adsorption of this nutrient by soil colloids. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sources and rates of phosphorous on the soil P content and in the nutritional status and yield of sugarcane cultivated in Kandiudalf and Haplustox soils in the presence and absence of filter cake. Experiments were carried out in the 2012/2013 cropping season in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 3x4x2 factorial arrangement with three sources of phosphorus (Phosphate of Araxá, Gafsa phosphate and triple superphosphate) and four rates of P [zero (control); 90; 180 and 360 kg ha-1 of P2O5] in the presence and absence of 7.5 t ha-1 of filter cake (dry basis), with three replicates. Treatments were applied in the planting furrows. Parameters evaluated were availability of P in the soil, nutritional status of P in the leaves, yield of straw and stalks and phosphorous buildup by the plants. The application of phosphorous in the soil promoted increases in the levels of P-resin in the top layer (0 - 20 cm) of 53 and 807% and in the sub surface layer (20 - 40 cm) of 839 and 432%, regardless of the phosphorous source in Kandiudalf and Haplustox without the use of filter cake, respectively. The increase of phosphorous availability in the soil increased the absorption of this nutrient with the application of P-fertilizer with filter cake. The use of Gafsa phosphorous source in Kandiudalf increased stalk production compared to the other sources tested, reaching 214 t ha-1 with the rate of 209 kg ha-1 of P2O5, while triple superphosphate yielded 190 t ha-1 with the highest rate (360 kg ha-1 of P2O5), regardless of the presence or absence of filter cake. In the Haplustox, stalk yield increased with P-fertilization (360 kg ha-1 of P2O5) with filter cake yielding 188.2 t ha-1; 19.6% higher than without filter cake.
... Filter cake can partially substitute mineral fertilizers [12,[14][15][16]. Specifically, applications of this organic compost at 15 t ha −1 (wet basis) can reduce conventional chemical fertilization by 50% [17]. Nevertheless, there is little information about the effect of this compound on sugarcane when associated with P sources and P application rates. ...
... In general, studies on increasing sugarcane productivity as a function of phosphate fertilization have shown varying results [2,13,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, variations in the magnitude of crop response could depend on the P sources and application rates and the presence of organic compost. ...
... Increases in soil P resulting from the exclusive use of filter cake were observed in a vertisol [14] and also from a combination of filter cake with sugarcane bagasse in a Dystrophic Red-Yellow Oxisol (Typic Acrustox) [10]. An application of filter cake at 15 t ha −1 (wet basis) improved soil fertility [17] relative to conventional chemical fertilization, which is indicative of greater nutrient absorption by the plant and is reflected in greater productivity. ...
We evaluated the effect of phosphorus application rates from various sources and in the presence or absence of filter cake on soil phosphorus, plant phosphorus, changes in acid phosphatase activity, and sugarcane productivity grown in Eutrophic Red Ultisol. Three P sources were used (triple superphosphate, Araxa rock phosphate, and Bayovar rock phosphate) and four application rates (0, 90, 180, and 360 kg ha−1 of P2O5) in the presence or absence of filter cake (7.5 t ha−1, dry basis). The soil P, the accumulated plant P, the leaf acid phosphatase activity and straw, the stalk productivity, the concentration of soluble solids in the juice (Brix), the juice sucrose content (Pol), and the purity were the parameters evaluated. We found that P applications increased levels of soil, leaf, and juice phosphorus and led to higher phosphorus accumulation and greater stalk and straw productivity. These levels were highest in the presence of filter cake. Acid phosphatase activity decreased with increasing plant phosphorus concentration. Phosphate fertilization did not show effect on sugarcane technological quality. We concluded that P application, regardless of source, improved phosphorus nutrition and increased productivity in sugarcane and, when associated with filter cake, reduced the need for mineral fertilizer.
... Farmers commonly use it to improve soil properties. Different studies cited that the application of press mud as organic fertilizer increased the sugar yield and cane juice quality [3,4,5,6]. Interestingly, though press mud is considered by the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards as organic soil amendments, there is no data about the production and utilization of press mud in the Philippines [7]. ...
... JTLS | Journal of Tropical Life Science 33 Volume 13 | Number 1 | January | 2023 (3). In summary, the present study showed that the press mud from Capiz Sugar Central generated a higher diversity which helps to increase the number of guilds, OTU richness which helps to mineralize a variety of organic nutrients, and nutrients which help to support the diverse community. ...
Sugarcane farmers commonly use press mud as organic fertilizer to improve the properties of soil and increase crop production. This study compared the effects of press mud on bacterial community structure, bacterial diversity, and physicochemical parameters of sugar mill soil in two sites, the URC Passi Sugar Central and Passi Sugar Central, Inc. both in Panay, Philippines. DNA and soil analyses were conducted to characterize the soil samples with and without press mud from both sites. The results showed that all nutrient contents increased in both areas after press mud application, except in URC Passi Sugar Central, where no increase in phosphorus and sulfur was observed. Bacterial diversity did not significantly increase six months after press mud application. Community pattern results showed that if soil samples within sites were compared, soil with press mud was significantly higher compared to the soil without press mud in terms of OTU richness (Capiz sugar central: 46.00±1.00, 40.00±1.50, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 48.00±0.50, 45.00±0.00, respectively) and carrying capacity (Capiz sugar central: 169±7.36, 125±9.48, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 181±3.80, 162±0.00, respectively) (p
... However, the negative environmental impact and soaring cost of inorganic fertilizer became a public concern. On the other hand, mudpress or filter cake as a waste product has great potential to supply nutrients in addition to its favorable effects on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil (Shankaraiah & Murthy, 2005). Boiler or bagasse or mill ash is one of the wastes obtained from sugar mill during the process of sugar manufacturing. ...
... Therefore, it is inevitable to frame out a strategy for judicious combination of sources of nutrients, which will not only augment the efficiency of both the sources, but will also minimize the ill effect of over use of chemicals. For sustainable sugarcane production, it is not just neither chemical fertilizers nor organic manures alone, but their integrated use has been observed to be highly beneficial (Shankaraiah & Murthy, 2005). ...
Sound management of soil nutrients is necessary in improving the productivity of sugarcane monoculture. Different fertilizers have advantages and limitations, thus, it is imperative to frame out a strategy for the judicious combination of these nutrient sources. This study determined the effect of using organic amendments and microbial inoculant on the energetics and economics of sugarcane production under acid upland soil. Field experiment involving twelve treatments using 'Phil 2004-1011' sugarcane variety was carried in acid Typic Hapludand soil. The recommended N rate (RRN) was reduced to 75, 50 and 25% with subsequent application of mudpress to satisfy the full N recommendation. Bagasse ash and microbial inoculant were used to supplement the nutrient sources. Reducing the recommended N rate with subsequent application of mudpress, bagasse ash and microbial inoculant produced the highest cane and sugar yield. Application of 25% RRN from inorganic fertilizer + 75% RRN from mudpress + bagasse ash + microbial inoculant had the highest energy efficiency and cane yield per joule. Utilization of 50% RRN IF: 50% RRN MP + BA + MI produced the most sugar yield per joule. Better return on investment and benefit-cost ratio were obtained from the application of 50% RRN from inorganic fertilizer: 50% RRN from mudpress. In conclusion, the combined use of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers can improve cane yield and energy efficiency. Integrated use of inorganic and organic fertilizers can increase economic efficiency.
... Especially in the sugarcane crop, the return of organic carbon and nutrients with press mud cake has proved to be beneficial for crop and soil characteristics Dotaniya et al. 2016). Doses of 10-20 Mg ha −1 press mud cake have generally exerted the best effects, either alone (Singh et al. 2007;Dotaniya et al. 2016) or associated with reduced doses of mineral fertilizers (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005;Singh et al. 2013). The use of press mud cake as a substrate to be composted with microbial inoculants, mineral fertilizers or other byproducts is often cited in the literature (Rakkiyappan et al. 2001;Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005;Sharma et al. 2009;Dotaniya et al. 2016;Nawaz et al. 2017). ...
... Doses of 10-20 Mg ha −1 press mud cake have generally exerted the best effects, either alone (Singh et al. 2007;Dotaniya et al. 2016) or associated with reduced doses of mineral fertilizers (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005;Singh et al. 2013). The use of press mud cake as a substrate to be composted with microbial inoculants, mineral fertilizers or other byproducts is often cited in the literature (Rakkiyappan et al. 2001;Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005;Sharma et al. 2009;Dotaniya et al. 2016;Nawaz et al. 2017). The use of press mud cake is less common in cereals than sugarcane, but is also documented in the literature (Sagare et al. 2001;Singh et al. 2008;Khan 2011). ...
Restoring soil fertility is essential to sustain crop production in order to meet the needs of the ever-blooming population. In this light, the present investigation was conducted on the same soil for two consecutive years (2014–2015 and 2015–2016) in Punjab, Pakistan, to determine the influence of press mud compost (PMC) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on wheat growth, yield and soil properties. The experiment was composed of an unfertilized control and five inter-exchanging combinations of NPK and PMC (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). 100% PMC (900 kg ha⁻¹) was intermediate in wheat growth and yield between unfertilized and 100% NPK, this latter being the recommended dose of mineral nutrients (120, 100 and 60 kg ha⁻¹ of the respective N, P2O5, and K2O). The 50:50 combination of NPK and PMC determined the best growth and final yield (+ 19% vs. 100% NPK), despite an approximately 40% lower nutrient supply with respect to 100% NPK. Soil traits bulk density, pH, organic matter, total N, and available nutrients P and K significantly improved with 100% PMC. Based on the ANOVA, the 50:50 combination of NPK and PMC was no worse than 100% PMC in bulk density, available P and K, and it was a good compromise between 100% NPK and 100% PMC in organic matter content. Therefore, conjunctive use of PMC and NPK fertilizers appeared a good choice to improve wheat productivity and soil properties. Additionally, the use of PMC will lower the reliance on mineral fertilizers while restoring soil fertility and assuring environmental protection.
... This prompted farmers to recycle farm and sugar mill wastes as organic fertilizers. Mudpress or filter cake, a waste by-product from sugar factories, has a great potential to supply nutrients in addition to its favorable effects on physico-chemical and biological properties of soil (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). Another waste from sugar manufacturing, boiler or bagasse ash is rich in K2O which can be used as fertilizer (Cosico 1985) and liming material due to its high pH (Vance, 1996). ...
... For sustainable sugarcane production, neither chemical fertilizers nor organic manures alone, but their integrated use is highly beneficial (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). Complete substitution of inorganic fertilizers by organic fertilizers is not possible to fulfil the large crop nutrient demand. ...
A field experiment was established in an acid Typic Hapludand in Isabela, Negros Occidental, Philippines from January to December 2016 to optimize the use of mudpress, bagasse ash and microbial inoculant in sugarcane production using ‘Phil 2004-1011’ sugarcane variety. Twelve treatments were imposed including no fertilization, with full fertilization using inorganic fertilizer, and with full fertilization + lime. The recommended N rate (RRN) was reduced to 75, 50 and 25% with subsequent application of mud press to satisfy the full RRN. Bagasse ash at 10 t ha⁻¹ and microbial inoculant were likewise used to supplement the nutrient sources. Standard cultural practices for sugarcane production were followed. Cane yield and NPK use efficiency indices were determined and analyzed to come up with a judicious fertilization program. Integrated nutrient management practices including mudpress, bagasse ash and microbial inoculant improved cane yield, partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of applied N, and physiological efficiency of applied P. Application of lime resulted to better partial factor productivity and apparent recovery efficiency of applied P. Combined use of inorganic fertilizer and mudpress enhanced partial factor productivity of applied K, while addition of bagasse ash and microbial inoculant increased physiological efficiency of applied K. © 2017, International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
... Usually, the press mud is either disposed of in open fields or sold as immature compost to farmers. Press mud is used mainly as a soil conditioner (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). fertilizer (Yang et al. 2013). ...
... notably for ruminants, for its sugar and mineral content, and as a compacting agent for silages. Dry press mud can be used for generation of energy as it contains higher percentage of combustibles (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). It is also a good source of biogas as it contains about 5-15 % of sugar (López González et al. 2014). ...
... Usually, the press mud is either disposed of in open fields or sold as immature compost to farmers. Press mud is used mainly as a soil conditioner (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). fertilizer (Yang et al. 2013). ...
... notably for ruminants, for its sugar and mineral content, and as a compacting agent for silages. Dry press mud can be used for generation of energy as it contains higher percentage of combustibles (Shankaraiah and Murthy 2005). It is also a good source of biogas as it contains about 5-15 % of sugar (López González et al. 2014). ...
The global sugarcane production is about 1.91 billion tons annually and is concentrated in tropical regions, particularly in developing nations in Latin America and Asia. According to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), there are over 100 countries producing sugarcane today. The increase in sugarcane production implies a proportional increase in sugar industry wastes. As a consequence of such increasing trend, sugar industries are facing severe environmental problems due to the lack of sustainable solutions for their waste management. Therefore, immediate attention is required to find a proper way of management to deal with sugar industry wastes and effluent in order to minimize environmental pollution and associated health risks. In this paper, different sources of solid and liquid wastes from sugarcane agriculture and associated sugar agro-industries are reviewed and valorization approaches of these different wastes are discussed. Some of the important resource recovery options from sugar industry wastes, which have been discussed in this review, include ethanol production, recovery of chemicals, use of bagasse and bagasse fly ash as adsorbents in water treatment and building materials. Technologies associated with the treatment of wastewater from sugar industries and efficient ways of utilization of this treated water in agriculture with special attention to measurement of crop water use efficiency are reviewed in view of our own research activities carried out in the past.
... Sugarcane is a C4 plant with high productivity that is used to produce ethanol, a renewable transportation fuel, as well as sugar [3]. According to Shankaraiah and Murthy [4], it is far more advantageous to employ both chemical and organic fertilisers together for sustainable sugarcane production. To meet the high crop nutrient requirement, it is not viable to completely replace inorganic fertilisers with organic fertilisers. ...
... Sugarcane is a C4 plant with high productivity that is used to produce ethanol, a renewable transportation fuel, as well as sugar [3]. According to Shankaraiah and Murthy [4], it is far more advantageous to employ both chemical and organic fertilisers together for sustainable sugarcane production. To meet the high crop nutrient requirement, it is not viable to completely replace inorganic fertilisers with organic fertilisers. ...
The current study aims to evaluate integrated nutrient management on cane production and nutrient use efficiency of applied nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in sugarcane in terms of agronomic efficiency and physiological use efficiency. Enhancing nutrient use efficiency beyond the typical 50% threshold is crucial for improving sugarcane production and juice quality, while also reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizers and mitigating environmental impact. Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) measures how well plants can absorb and use nutrients to produce their highest possible yields. Thus, the NUE idea encompasses three crucial processes in plants: nutrient absorption, assimilation, and utilisation. To tackle this challenge, a field experiment was conducted at the Kalyanpur research farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. Using a randomized block design with three replications, the experiment involved 2 the sugarcane variety CoP-112. Although the treatments showed no significant impact on germination percentage, plant height, cane length, diameter, and individual cane weight, the combination of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) at a rate of 4 kg/ha resulted in the highest millable cane (125.4×10 3 /ha) and cane yield (94.0 t/ha). This combination led to increases of 78% and 24% over the sole prescribed dose of fertilizer and the absolute control, respectively. No significant differences were observed in juice quality among the treatments. The highest agronomic use efficiency was recorded in plots treated with RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB, showing a 75% improvement over plots receiving only the recommended dose of fertilizer. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrated nutrient management as the optimal strategy for promoting sustainable sugarcane production. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating vermicompost and biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) with the recommended dose of fertilizers for enhancing sugarcane yield and nutrient utilization efficiency.
... al., 2024a). According to Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005), it is far more advantageous to employ both chemical and organic fertilisers together for sustainable sugarcane production. To meet the high crop nutrient requirement, it is not viable to completely replace inorganic fertilisers with organic fertilisers. ...
Improving nutrient use efficiency beyond its typical ceiling of 50% is imperative for enhancing sugarcane production and juice quality, while concurrently reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and mitigating environmental impact. To address this challenge, a field experiment was conducted during the year 2021–2022 at the Kalyanpur research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management on sugarcane yield and nutrient utilization efficiency in spring-planted crops. Employing the randomized block design with three replications, the experiment utilized the sugarcane variety CoP-112. Although various treatments exhibited no significant influence on parameters such as germination percentage, plant height, cane length, diameter and individual cane weight, the combination of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with vermicompost and biofertilizer ( Azotobacter + PSB) at a rate of 4 kg/ha resulted in the highest millable cane (125.4×10 ³ /ha) and cane yield (94.0 t/ha). This combination led to an increase of 78% and 24% over the sole prescribed dose of fertilizer and the absolute control, respectively. No substantial differences were observed in juice quality among treatments. The maximum agronomic use efficiency was achieved in plots treated with RDF + vermicompost + Azotobacter + PSB, exhibiting a 75% improvement over plots receiving only the recommended dose of fertilizer. The findings underscore the efficacy of integrated nutrient management as the optimal approach for fostering sustainable sugarcane production.
... The perusal of data revealed that application of nutrient through both organic and inorganic sources recorded significantly higher NMC over 100% NPK through inorganics. Shankaraiah and Kalyanmurthy (2005) [21] reported significant improvement in number of millable canes due to use of press mud along with inorganic fertilizer. Similar findings of integrated nutrient application were also reported by Thakur et al. (2010) [33] , Virdia and Patel (2010) [39] , Thakur et al. (2012) [34] , and Jamuna and Paneerselvam (2014) [7] . ...
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management modules on productivity, quality and economics of Sugarcane grown on Calcareous Soil during 2018-19 at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Bihar. The treatments comprised of inorganic nutrient sources and their substitution by organic nutrient sources (biocompost + neem cake). The biocompost was applied at planting (PL) and neem cake at earthing up (EL) stages. Sugarcane crop (cv. CoP 2061) planted during spring season. The mean germination per cent, number of tillers, number of millable canes, cane yield and B: C ratio were calculated and shown to be highest for treatment receiving 50 per cent N through inorganic + 50 per cent N through organic fertilizer along with biofertilizers. Sugar yield is a function of cane yield and followed the similar pattern as cane yield. The juice recovery significantly varied due to different nutrient management modules while, their effect on brix, pol and purity coefficient was found non-significant. The uptake of N, P and K also varied significantly due to influence of different nutrient combinations. The uptake of nutrients followed the similar trend of cane yield.
... However, the sugar industry has problems managing, handling, and transporting WFC, so extensive efforts have been made to find its profitable uses. In agriculture, it is used as fertilizer (Yang et al., 2013), soil amendment (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005), and feed ingredient (Sahu et al., 2014). Its use as a resource includes biodiesel (Aghabarari and Martinez-Huerta, 2016;Remedios-Castaneiras et al., 2019), biochar (Bernardino et al., 2017), and biogas (López González et al., 2014) production. ...
A solid catalyst was prepared from waste filter cake (WFC) from a sugar beet processing plant and used, after calcination at 900 °C within 2 h, for biodiesel production from rapeseed oil and methanol. The calcined WFC (CFC) catalyst was characterized by XRF, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTG, TPDe, TPD-CO2, SEM, N2 physisorption, and Hg porosimetry. The CFC is a CaO-based catalyst with a rigid, sustainable macroporous structure with the largest particles of 2.0 × 0.5 µm, a specific surface area of 7.3 m²/g, and a basicity of 0.27 mmol/g. It provides high conversion of 97.9% in 1 h at the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, the temperature of 60 °C, and the catalyst loading of 10% of the oil mass. Its catalytic efficiency is comparable to the WFC-based nanocatalysts and CaO-based catalysts from natural sources. CFC was reused twice with a negligible decrease in catalytic activity, ensuring a FAME content above 97% in 1 h. The biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil over the CFC catalyst has good fuel properties that fulfill most of EN 14214. Therefore, WFC is a promising source of a low-cost, highly active, basic, and environmentally friendly CFC catalyst, which could reduce biodiesel production costs. From this point of view, this catalyst has great potential for developing the process at the commercial level.
... According to Dotaniya et al. [29], the application of filter muds enriched with nitrogen fertilizers [140,141] in sugarcane crops in the proportion of 1:1 can lead to an increase of up to 21% in crop yield and 50% savings on the application of macronutrients-nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)-compared to chemical fertilizers [140]. The application of 20-25 tha −1 filter muds without enrichment with nitrogen fertilizers generates savings of 25% in fertilizer application compared to the application of other fertilizers [29,82]. ...
The search for energy security and environmental sustainability has fueled a growing interest in biofuel production worldwide. Although first-generation bioethanol is regarded a clean, renewable, and green alternative to fossil fuels, its production process leads to the generation of a huge amount of waste with high polluting potential. This review article presents a thorough analysis of the production chain of sugarcane-based first-generation bioethanol and the chemical characterization of the wastes produced in this process. The sugarcane wastes analyzed in this work include three lignocellulosic materials, namely, sugarcane straw, bagasse, and filter press mud; bagasse ash, a material rich in silica particles and other oxides; and vinasse, a material containing high concentrations of organic matter and diverse nutrients. Considering the negative impacts of the disposal and/or containment of wastes generated during the production of sugarcane bioethanol, the review will shed light on the current value-added uses of these wastes and their potential for the development of highly innovative products. The current value-added uses of these wastes include tapping the energy present in straw and bagasse, by burning them in furnaces of bioethanol refineries, and the application of bagasse ash, filter press mud, and vinasse in agriculture as fertilizers and soil additives. With regard to the innovative application of bioethanol wastes, bagasse can be used for the production of second-generation ethanol, while bagasse ash can be employed as supplementary input for the production of construction materials.
... On par CCS yield was recorded by the substitution of nitrogen with pressmud cake (12.26 t/ha) and Azospirillum @ 5kg/ha (25% N) + 25% N through green manure (11.06 t/ha). Shankaraiah and Kalyanmurthy (2005) [10] noticed 21% increase in cane and sugar yield with the integrated use of enriched pressmud @ 15 t ha -1 and recommended fertilization over RDF. Significant increase in yield with the integrated use of inorganic + organic fertilizer along with dual biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB) was also reported by Singh et al., (2014) [13] . ...
... In a study, enriched pressmud compost with chemical fertilizers was used to improve the chlorophyll content, dry matter and yield of sugarcane [14]. In another study, the compost was enriched with Bacillus megaterium, Azotobacter and Trichoderma viride before using in field [15]. There are reports that various soil amendments and bacterial bioinoculants have positive effect on crop yield and soil characteristics. ...
As India is the second‐largest producer of sugarcane in the world, a huge amount of biodegradable by‐product waste, pressmud, is produced every year, and is a promising source of nutrients. This paper is an attempt to utilize pressmud as carrier for bioinoculants for enhancing crop productivity. The field experiments were set up on finger millet crop using Aspergillus niger (K7) as fungal inoculant and pressmud as carrier. Four treatment combinations viz. control, K7 strain, pressmud, K7 strain + pressmud in soil were studied. The results indicated that the soil nutrients such as N, P and K increased by 30–50% after the experiment. The pressmud supported up to 5 × 10⁶ fungal spores and the inoculum was viable until the end of six months. Growth and yield parameters were influenced positively and resulted in better height and weight of plants, a higher number of fingers and improved P uptake. The combination of A. niger (K7) and pressmud was found to be the best. Shoot and root lengths increased by 54 and 96%, respectively, at the time of harvest over control. Number of fingers and weight of grains/plant increased by 77 and 70%, respectively, at 130 days after sowing (DAS). It can be concluded that the use of pressmud with microbial inoculant may be an economically viable technology in organic farming and also in its disposal.
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... Pressmud compost added in soil as organic amendment enhanced soil organic matter content, improved soil physical conditions by acting as a soil conditioner. Our findings are same as results are reported by Shankaraiah and Murthy [24] who confirmed that sugarcane yield parameters such as cane height, enhanced tillering and diameter of millable cane were favorably influenced due to improved levels of fertility and addition of pressmud compost. The influence due to addition of pressmud compost on these parameters was more noticeable at recommended doses of fertilizer as compared to lower doses of fertility. ...
Combined application of press mud compost and inorganic fertilizers is a cost effective way to manage soil fertility in a sustainable way. To evaluate the results of press mud compost and inorganic based synthetic fertilizers, the present study was planned and research was conducted at Sheikhoo Sugarcane Research Farm located at Sheikhoo Sugar Mills, Kot Addu. The experiment was consist of six treatments namely T1 = No fertilizer, T2 = NPK 228-114-124 kg ha-1, T3 = 25 t ha-1 compost, T4 = NPK 228-114-124 kg ha-1+ 20 t ha-1 compost, T5 = NPK 114-57-62 kg ha-1+ 20 t ha-1 compost and T6 = NPK 228-114-124 kg ha-1+ 10 t ha-1 compost and was laid out in RCB design having four replications with a net plot size of 6 m x 8 m. Sugarcane growth and yield parameters including soil fertility levels (pre planting and post harvesting) were studied. Results showed that lower pH value (8.42) and higher organic matter contents (0.42) were recorded in treatment having compost @ 25 t ha-1. Whereas, higher N (0.028 %), P (7.27 ppm) and K (68.25 ppm) were found in those soils which were treated with NPK 228-114-124 kg ha-1+ 20 t ha-1 compost. Results regarding sugarcane growth and yield showed that maximum number of tillers (138.50 x103 ha-1) 135 days after planting, number of millable cane (104.25 x103 ha-1), number of nodes (25.25/ cane), cane girth (7.54 cm), cane length (3.89 m), cane yield (111.75 t ha-1), brix (22.08 %), pol (19.80 %) and sugar recovery (10.75 %) were observed in those plots treated with NPK 228-114-124 kg ha-1+ 20 t ha-1 compost. It can be concluded that the combined use of press mud compost and inorganic NPK fertilizers remained successful to promote the growth as well as the yield of sugarcane and soil fertility improvement in an efficient way.
... Mudpress or filter cake has a great potential to supply nutrients as well as to affect the physico-chemical and biological properties of soil [5]. Boiler or bagasse ash was advised to be used as fertilizer due to high content of potassium [6] and as liming material due to its high pH [7]. ...
The effects of sugar mill mud application on the availability of nutrients for plant uptake were investigated. Mill mud generated from conventional sugar mill operations was applied in three different rates and a leafy vegetable, locally called "PuiShak" or Indian spinach (Basellarubra L.) was grown for 60 days as a test crop in a pot culture experiment. Crop yield and essential nutrients like N, P, K and Zn uptake concentration was determined to come up with an inference that higher doses of mill mud application impose better effect on root and shoot uptake of these elements. A little infraction was observed for nitrogen uptake by plants for the maximum dose.
... The perusal of data revealed that application of nutrient through both organic and inorganic sources recorded significantly higher NMC over 100% NPK through inorganics. Shankaraiah and Kalyanmurthy (2005) [21] reported significant improvement in number of millable canes due to use of press mud along with inorganic fertilizer. Similar findings of integrated nutrient application were also reported by Thakur et al. (2010) [33] , Virdia and Patel (2010) [39] , Thakur et al. (2012) [34] , and Jamuna and Paneerselvam (2014) [7] . ...
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management modules on
productivity, quality and economics of Sugarcane grown on Calcareous Soil during 2018 -19 at Dr.
Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Bihar. The treatments comprised of inorganic nutrient
sources and their substitution by organic nutrient sources (biocompost + neem cake). The biocompost
was applied at planting (PL) and neem cake at earthing up (EL) stages. Sugarcane crop (cv. CoP 2061)
planted during spring season. The mean germination per cent, number of tillers, number of millable
canes, cane yield and B: C ratio were calculated and shown to be highest for treatment receiving 50 per
cent N through inorganic + 50 per cent N through organic fertilizer along with biofertilizers. Sugar yield
is a function of cane yield and followed the similar pattern as cane yield. The juice recovery significantly
varied due to different nutrient management modules while, their effect on brix, pol and purity
coefficient was found non-significant. The uptake of N, P and K also varied significantly due to influence
of different nutrient combinations. The uptake of nutrients followed the similar trend of cane yield.
... The lowest siliqua/plant was recorded in T 5 (42.74 and 38.91) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. The maximum and significantly highest increment in number of siliqua per plant was found in T 16 Sharma et al. (2002) and Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005). The length of siliqua varied from 4.55 to 5.43 cm and 4.79 to 5.53 cm during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. ...
... The lowest siliqua/plant was recorded in T 5 (42.74 and 38.91) in 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. The maximum and significantly highest increment in number of siliqua per plant was found in T 16 Sharma et al. (2002) and Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005). The length of siliqua varied from 4.55 to 5.43 cm and 4.79 to 5.53 cm during 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. ...
A pot experiment (Net House) study was conducted in the Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science, B.H. U. Varanasi to find out the effect of organic amendments in mustard grown in chromium (Cr)-contaminated soil during 2015-16 and 2016-17. There were five levels of Cr (Control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/Kg soil) with and without three organic amendments (viz. Vermicompost (VC), FYM, and Sewage Sludge (Sl)) @ 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, respectively. The maximum number of siliqua/plant (333 and 354), length of siliqua (5.43 and 5.53), number of seeds per siliqua (12.11 and 12.39), dry matter accumulation (50.76 and 54.65g/pot), biological yield (266.51 and 273.34g/pot), seed yield (62.63 and 66.96g/pot), stover yield (203.88 and 206.38g/pot), and harvest index (23.50 and 24.5%) were recorded when Cr-contaminated soil is treated with organic amendments mainly with vermin compost during 2015-16 and 2016-17. It is reported that significant nutrient uptake (N, P, S, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) also increased with the application of organic amendments. It is reported that yield attributing characters are improved by the application of VC followed by farm yard manure then sewage Sl. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Total P in residues higher than 0.25 % and C:P ratio less than 200:1 are prerequisites for the quick release of P from organic material by mineralization (Utami et al., 2012). Both FCs used at Agudos and Macatuba are well fitted in these characteristics ( (Shankaraiah and Murthy, 2005;Elsayed et al., 2008;Lima, 2011;Caione et al., 2015). ...
The use of mineral phosphate fertilizers associated with organic residues can improve fertilizer use efficiency and consequently decrease their usage costs. Soil application of filter cake (FC) can provide nutrients and enhance physical quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different phosphate fertilizers [rock phosphate (RP) and triple superphosphate (TSP)] applied at different rates (90 and 180 kg ha-1 P 2 O 5) associated with filter cake (10 Mg ha-1 dry matter) on the soil phosphorus (P) fractions after two consecutive seasons of sugarcane in two distinct soils, sandy and clayey. Yield was significantly improved with FC addition in the first year in both soils, while inorganic P sources did not influence crop yield at either location and in both years. Organic and residual P forms were only slightly altered in the sandy soil. The most significant changes occurred in the labile and moderately labile P fractions in both soils. Filter cake was an effective source of nutrients for plant development, increasing the levels of soil available P and keeping it at agronomically adequate levels for up to two years, however it was not able to facilitate the P release from mineral fertilizers, irrespective of the source or rate.
... Sugarcane (cv. co-621 175) [16], sweet sorghum [17], ragi (cv. Indaf 9, finger millet) [18] and rice (cv. ...
Lignocellulose feedstocks are promising second-generation sources of ethanol biofuel. They include massive amounts of agricultural waste generated in India, much of which is currently burnt (exacerbating major pollution problems), but could potentially be fermented. To assist efforts to realize this potential, four abundant kinds of Indian agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and straw from rice, sweet sorghum and millet) were hydrolyzed via a dilute-acid method and fermented at 27 °C, using the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor as a biocatalyst. The total carbohydrate contents of the agriculture wastes were analyzed, as well as soluble sugar contents of the hydrolysates at the start and end of the fermentations; their ethanol yields and activities of the key enzymes aldehyde dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase were also measured. Results show that ca. 85–90% of the fermentable sugars were used for ethanol production, and the enzyme activities are consistent with the observed yields. The findings indicate a great potential for ethanol production from Indian agricultural waste.
... Mg ha −1 ) in sugarcane CTC 15 cultivated in eutrophic Red Argisol. Additionally, Shankaraiah and Kalyana (2005) observed that the application of 15 Mg ha −1 (dry weight) of filter cake enriched with microorganisms that solubilize P, produced a 21% increase in stalk productivity while reducing the need for chemical fertilizers by 50%. ...
Sugarcane filter cake, a phosphorus-rich (P) fertilizer, can affect not only P storage in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), but also its metabolism and photosynthesis. In this study, was evaluated the effect of different mineral fertilizers, with and without the use of filter cake, on P levels, gas exchange, acid phosphatase activity, sugar, hydrated alcohol production, and total soluble solids. Sugarcane (variety RB86 7515) was cultivated on dystrophic Typic Haplustox in a randomized complete block design. Three replicates were established in a 3 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with three P sources (Triple Superphosphate-TS, Natural Reactive Bayovar Phosphate-BP, and Natural Araxa Phosphate-AP), four rates of P as P2O5 (0, 90, 180, and 360 kg ha⁻¹), and the presence or absence of filter cake (7.5 Mg ha⁻¹, dry weight). The levels of foliar P (PCL) were determined, along with the accumulation of P in aerial plant parts (AAP), net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), acid phosphatase activity (APL), hydrated alcohol, total soluble solids (TSS), total recoverable sugar (TRS), and stalk production. The highest P rate with filter cake yielded the maximum concentration of P in leaves (1.7 g kg⁻¹), leading to the highest P accumulation in aerial plant parts (17.8 kg ha⁻¹), and furthering a sugar production of 197.1 kg t⁻¹, and stalk production (122.6 Mg ha⁻¹). The highest rate of Triple Superphosphate alone or with filter cake yielded the lowest acid phosphatase activity, the highest rate increased the accumulation of P in aerial parts (18.8 kg ha⁻¹), and for stalk production, produced 123.1 Mg ha⁻¹ of stalks. The use of Triple Superphosphate associated with filter cake increased the production of sugar (192.5 kg t⁻¹), hydrated alcohol (91.3 L t⁻¹) and total soluble solids (18.4°Brix), while the use of higher P rates, regardless of the source, increased gaseous exchange in sugarcane plants.
... Application of the press mud in sugarcane farming and other agricultural crops is associated with an increase in growth and yields. In addition, press mud also increases the overall soil fertility and soil structure (Shankaraiah and Kalyana Murthy, 2005). ...
The favourable climatic, edaphic and topographic conditions make the southern parts of Nepal a suitable region for sugarcane farming. However, upon global comparison, Nepal ranks 41st in sugarcane production (2.93 million tons), 35th in harvested area (64,483. ha) and 67th in sugarcane yield (45.4. t/ha). This study aims to assess the current and potential financial standings of sugarcane production, explore the challenges that sugarcane farmers face and discuss potential solutions to such challenges. The study was conducted in Nawalparasi, one of the largest sugarcane-producing districts in Nepal. Data was collected through different methods, namely: (1) expert- level meetings; (2) focus group discussions with sugarcane farmers; and (3) sugar producer- level meetings. The collected information was supplemented by literature reviews, field observations and sugar mill visits. Under current cost and pricing conditions, sugarcane production is profitable and is a 'no-other-option' business for farmers. However, an increase in costs of farm inputs may be detrimental for sugarcane production. If additional benefits from sugar industry by-products were realised and shared amongst stakeholders, there is potential for the Nepalese sugarcane industry. However, there are currently numerous challenges for the sugarcane industry. Our present study has identified 12 issues/challenges. Among these, three major issues demand immediate attention: bitter relationships between farmers and sugar producers, the randomised process of determining sugarcane price, and delayed payment for sugarcane. This paper discusses how an enabling environment between sugarcane producers and buyers (sugar mills) can be developed and how the price of sugarcane can be logically fixed to create a win-win outcome.
... Again, pressmud enriched with T. harzianum @ 7.5 t ha -1 without any chemical fertilizer (T 13 ) produced higher yield than enriched pressmud by T. viride (T 14 ) or raw pressmud (T 15 ). Shankaraiah and Murthy (2005) also observed similar findings and reported that the addition of enriched pressmud cake @10 t ha -1 saved fertilizer NPK by 50% which was comparable with raw pressmud at 15 t ha -1 . However, it is clear that the combined application of enriched pressmud or raw pressmud with chemical fertilizers improved the cane yield and the effect was more pronounced at higher fertilizer level (100% RFD). ...
A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh to examine the effects of enriched compost with chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 16 treatments comprising four levels of inorganic fertilizers (100%, 75%, 50% and 0%) and four levels of pressmud (enriched by Trichoderma harzianum @ 7.5 t ha-1, T. viride @ 7.5 t ha-1, untreated raw pressmud @ 10 t ha-1 and control). It was observed that germination (90.34%), total chlorophyll content (2.58 mg g-1), leaf area index (5.00), dry matter (3.41 kg m-2), tiller (137.94 × 000 ha-1), millable cane stalk (99.15 × 000 ha-1) and yield (111.32 t ha-1) were found maximum in 100% recommended fertilizer (N150 P50 K90 S35 and Zn4 kg ha-1) with enriched pressmud which was statistically identical in comparison with 75% and 50% of recommended chemical fertilizers with enriched pressmud. The N (1.47%), K (1.24%) and S (0.17%) contents of leaf tissues were slightly increased with chemical fertilizers + enriched pressmud compared to chemical fertilizer alone. Soil Organic C, total N, P, K and S were higher with pressmud application compared to non pressmud application. Microbial enrichment of pressmud with Trichoderma sp. could save 2.5 t ha-1 of pressmud and 25% of recommended fertilizers. It can be concluded that enriched pressmud is more effective than raw pressmud in increasing sugarcane yield and maintain soil fertility in High Ganges River Floodplain soils.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 183-197 (2015)
... chemical fertilizer treatment than using either treatments alone. Similarly, Shankaraiah and Kalyanamurthy (2005) have recorded positive influence of biofertilizer application on the yield parameters viz., height, weight and diameter of millable cane due to increasing levels of fertility and addition of PMC in general. Similarly, in a pot experiment on two Okra cultivars, Shaheen et al. (2007) have reported enhanced plant growth, pod yield and quality by application of two bacterial biofertilizers Azospirillium and/or Azotobacter. ...
Biofertilizers have long been assessed as powerful technology to obtain sustainable enhanced crop production. The present investigation revealed the positive effects of inoculation of Azotobacter biofertilizer on growth and yield parameters in sugarcane var. CoJ 83 under field conditions. Application of Azotobacter biofertilizer at both the nitrogen levels (N75% Rec and N100% Rec levels) resulted in significant increase in the cane yield over the respective controls. Maximum increase in cane yield was recorded by Azotobacter inoculation at recommended dose of nitrogen. Inoculation with Azotobacter at N75% Rec level of N fertilizer resulted in cane yield that was observed to be statistically at par with N100% Rec level. The application of this biofertilizer would not only be beneficial keeping in view the phenomenon of enhanced productivity using environmentally benign technology, but also would be useful to obtain better yield with improvement of the soil microbial ecology/soil food web.
investigate the impact of Sulphitated press mud cake (SPMC) in combination with Trichoderma viride, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and 100 % chemical fertilizer (RDF) on nutrient uptake and the productivity of sugarcane in calcareous soil in randomized block design (RBD). The highest germination (43.5%), number of tiller (170.55 × 10-1 ha-1), plant height (272 cm), number of millable cane (NMC) (125.67 × 10-1 ha-1), cane girth (2.20 cm) and single cane weight (0.831 kg) was observed in the plots receiving SPMC @ 12.5 t/ha along with T. viride + PSB. The addition of sulphitated press mud cake either with T. viride alone and in combination of PSB resulted in profitable yield of sugarcane crop. However, SPMC treatments (SPMC @ 5-12.5 t ha-1) was found at par. The uptake of nutrients by sugarcane plant (NPK and micronutrients) significantly influenced due to application of either SPMC + T. viride or SPMC + T. viride + PSB. Furthermore, the nutrient uptake by sugarcane plants, including NPK (292.54, 32.64, 278.55 Kg ha-1) and micronutrients viz. Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu (530.53, 434.25, 454.12, 109.86 g ha-1) was significantly influenced by the application of SPMC, with the highest levels recorded in plots treated with SPMC at 12.5 t/ha along with T. viride and PSB. The integrated approach of SPMC, T. viride, and PSB presents a promising strategy for enhancing sugarcane productivity and nutrient uptake in calcareous soil. This research provides valuable insights for sustainable and high-yielding sugarcane cultivation practices.
The pressmud, a valuable by-product in sugarcane processing, is disposed of either by incineration or by dumping in landfills. However, the pressmud being rich in nutrients and organic matter can be used for several purposes. The current review’s objectives are to explore the agricultural and industrial uses of pressmud, the role of microorganisms to improve its properties, and technological challenges & barriers in pressmud value addition. Two online databases, PubMed and Scopus, were used to search the relevant information using keywords ‘Pressmud’ and/or ‘Press mud’ and 457 results were obtained. After following exclusion criteria and removal of duplicate entries, out of the remaining 169 records, only 36 records were selected for final analysis based on title, abstract, and other relevant parameters. Furthermore, 62 records were included based on cross-referencing from selected literature. The evidence from different studies showed that pressmud is a rich source of nutrients, for example, calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). The efficacy of pressmud compost could be improved using microorganisms, for example, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Streptomyces. The pressmud has the potential to be used as a biofuel, microbial carrier, soil conditioner, bioremediation of heavy metals, animal feed, wax production, and concrete formation. However, the pressmud composition is affected by sugarcane varieties, soil type, and other environmental factors. Technological barriers are also a big challenge for researchers to exploit the potential use of pressmud in different industries. Therefore, extensive research on pressmud use in the agriculture sector is warranted.
A low-cost, highly active CaO-based catalyst was prepared from waste filter cake (WFC) from a sugar beet processing factory by calcination in air at 900 °C for 2 h, referred to as the calcined filter cake (CFC). It was used to catalyze the rapeseed oil transesterification with methanol under mild reaction conditions (methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst loading of 4–10 %, and reaction temperature of 40–60 °C). Rapeseed oil was characterized regarding the physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile. Low free fatty acid content (about 2.0 mg KOH/g) allowed the direct use of the base CFC catalyst for rapeseed oil transesterification. Rapeseed oil has more unsaturated fatty acids (about 93 %), with oleic acid as the most abundant, than saturated fatty acids (about 7 %). A simplified model combining the changing mechanism of the reaction and the triacylglycerols mass transfer limitation successfully describes the kinetics of transesterification. A good agreement between the model and the experiment was proved by the mean relative percentage deviation for the conversion degree of only ± 7.43 % (based on 42 data). The apparent reaction rate constant follows the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of 51.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The FAME content higher than 96.5 % can be obtained in wide ranges of the catalyst amount (4–10 %) and the reaction time (about 45–70 min). The following conditions were optimum: the reaction temperature of 59.2 °C, the catalyst loading of 9.1 % (based on the oil weight), and the reaction time of 47 min.
Developing a solution algorithm for tri-level facility location–allocation problem is always challenging due to the inherent complexity of these problems. The proposed sugarcane supply chain network is a tri-level modelling approach formulated based on the static Stackelberg game between producer, distribution center, sugarcane industry, compost unit, biorefinery unit and market in the framework. The network emphasizes the use of massive amount of the by-products generated in the sugarcane industry. These by-products are excellent raw materials for compost unit and biorefinery units. In such cases decisions are made in the hierarchy. By reviewing the proposed algorithms in the past, it has been realized that the shortcomings of the algorithm could be improved by introducing some efficient search mechanism in the algorithms. In this context, a strong local search mechanism based on social engineering optimizer is developed to intensify search space more carefully. Two-hybrid algorithms, GASEO based on Genetic algorithm and social engineering optimizer, and KASEO based on Keshtel algorithm and social engineering optimizer is proposed. To appraise the performance of the proposed algorithm, we pervasively discussed the parameter tuning using Taguchi approach. The ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test ensures that the performance of the proposed GASEO is appreciable over other algorithms.
Integrated nutrient management programme is unavoidable for achievingsustainable sugarcane production along with quality of sugarcane.Application of organic nutrient sources viz., farmyard manure, cane trash,pressmud, vermicompost. biomethanated distillery effluent, biogas slurry,biocompost and biofertilizers along with inorganic sources of nutrients incombination have recorded increased cane yield over only inorganicfertilizer application, in addition to improvement in soil fertility andreducing the cost of cane production. Intercropping and incorporation ofgreen manures have established beneficial effects in improving sugarcaneproductivity in conjunction with higher nutrient use efficiency. Nitrogenfixing biofertilizers' are useful in economizing the increment in cane yield.Integration of organics and inorganics in 1:1 ratio leads to saving of 50%inorganics and increase in yield upto 21%.
Sugarcane requires land conditions that contain high organic matter to support growth and production. Giving compost from the results of the utilization of the byproducts of sugarcane processing in the form of bagasse and filter mud is expected to increase the sugarcane productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compost from the sugarcane bagasse, filter mud and cow manure using the decomposer and Trico Plus mushroom consortium on the growth and production of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized block design consisting of eight treatments and three replications. Each treatment was applied as much as 15 tons per hectare, NPK basic fertilizer for all 350 kg treatments per hectare. The results showed that the treatment of compost provides a higher number of sugarcane saplings compared to without the provision of compost. The compost C treatment gave the highest number of sugarcane saplings and the highest number of segments of 7.45 sugarcane saplings and 18.33 segments. Treatment G gave the highest plant height of 283.30 cm, treatment B gave the highest segment length of 15.17 cm, stem diameter of 2.62 cm, stem height of 163.00 cm, sugarcane stem weight of 158.36 kg per plot and 97.655 tons per hectare and POL value 31.32% while treatment E gave the highest Briks value of 23.43%. G treatment gave the best plant height value of 283.30 cm. Giving compost from the results of mixing bagasse, filter mud and manure using the mushroom and Trico Plus consortiums gave better results on growth, and production of sugar cane compared to without the provision of compost.
The agricultural sector plays a major role in improving economic growth in terms of raising people’s income and reducing poverty in the developing countries, along with fulfilling food and nutritional needs for a growing world population. About 1 billion people are facing severe problems in accessing nutritionally adequate and safe food
worldwide. By 2050, the world population is projected to be 9 billion and food production needs to be raised by 70% between 2005/07 and 2050 to feed such a huge population (FAO, 2009). Globally, more than 870 million people are hungry and the majority of them are small-scale farmers living in rural areas and often managing
marginal lands (Godfray et al., 2010; FAO, 2012). At present, agricultural production is facing increasing challenges such as water shortage, climate change and volatility, raising the risk of production shortfalls. The future vision of the world would be to adopt new methods to increase sustainability of agricultural production.
Most of agricultural food production was dependent on chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides before the 1990s, and these synthetic compounds have played a key role in increasing food production. Since the 1990s, food demand has increased sharply for which farmers need increasing use of these chemicals. As a result, a major risk is created to the environment and human health (Gottlieb and Joshi, 2010). In order to reduce damage to the environment and health, some major classes of pesticides were banned, thus creating a market for biopesticides and microbial inoculants.
Organic fertilizers derived from Sugar Press Mud (SPM) yields better production of crops. Sugar press mud or the sugarcane filter-cake is the residue of sugarcane industry which results from the processing of sugarcane where sugar mud is separated from the crush. The total supply of sugar press mud varies from (1-7) kg from the processing of 100 kg of sugarcane. Sugar filter cake is used as a suitable fertilising agent since it is rich in micro and macro nutrients along with organic carbon. It is eco-friendly and protects the plants from various soil borne diseases. Press mud compost does not include any substances which are unfavourable for microbial action. In certain cases, press mud is mixed with other organic fertilizers to yield enriched compost. Whatever the case, the resultant press mud should not be added to the soil directly as it affects the welfare of human health due to the fast growth rate of pathogenic fungi. These are the disease causing microbes whose growth rate must be inhibited. The review deals with the physical, chemical and microbial functions on the press mud resulting in excellent bio-fertilizers. Enriched press mud is mixed with gibberellic acid to inhibit the growth of toxic chromium which affects the metabolism of plants. The fields which are ineffective by the over use of chemical pesticides can be brought into control by constant use of bio-fertilizers such as press mud. Usage of chemical pesticides may destroy the insects causing damage to the fields, but its impact over the health of living beings is tremendous. Press mud, on the other hand, is safe and very effective in producing income and killing certain insects affecting the crops as well.
Organic sources of nutrients along with mineral nutrition of N P K at recommended dose had improved the physical properties, availability of macro and micro nutrients, increased the microbial population and activity of enzymes in the soil as compared to mineral nutrition alone. Application of trash at 10 t ha-1 had lowered the values of bulk density, enhanced the pore space distribution and maximum water holding capacity. It was statistically on par with press mud application at 5 t ha-1. Combined use of trash at 101 ha-1 with mineral nutrition of N P K at 165:82.5:82.5 kg ha -1 recommended dose had remarkably increased the availability of N, organic carbon, Mn, Cu, microbial population of fungi and activity of cellulase enzyme. While the integrated use of press mud at 5 t ha-1 along with mineral nutrition of N P K at recommended dose had appreciably enhanced the availability of P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, activity of phosphatase enzyme and population of actinomycetes. The urease activity and bacterial population increased with soil inoculation of Azospirillum along with NPK application at different dose.
Filter cake is a major waste residue remaining after refining raw sugar cane juice and it contains organic materials that may contribute to environmental pollution. In this study a common microorganism found in filter cake was isolated and identified according to 16S rRNA sequencing as Aneurinibacillus migulanus. This strain was evaluated for its consumption capacity of organic pollutants, leaving a higher concentration of inorganic carbon, e.g. calcium carbonate, in the feeding source. In fact under normal pH and without the addition of water, carbonaceous pollutants were reduced by 33% after 4 weeks of storage at 37°C. This beneficial application of commonly-existing microorganisms not only makes it possible to reduce environmental pollution significantly, but also to increase calcium carbonate content by 4%, a valuable carbon source which is readily extractable.
Economy in Fertilizer budget in Sugarcane through biofertilizer and organic amendments under limited water supply condition
- K S Bangar
- S R Sharma
- O P Rathod
- K.S. Bangar
Fertilizer management in commercial crops
- G Hunsigi
- G. Hunsigi
Modified Sugarcane Pressmud: A potential carrier for commercial production of bacterial inoculants
- K S Jauhri
- K.S. Jauhri
Effect of Intergrated Use of Fertilizer Nitrogen with Sulphitation Pressmud and Azotobacter on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugarcane
- M S Nagaraju
- C Shankaraiah
- Usha Ravindra
- M.S. Nagaraju
Studies on the effect of fertilizer nitrogen Pressmud cake and Azotobacter on the uptake, yield and quality of Sugarcane ratoon
- Ramalinga Swamy
- K Naidu
- M R Rao
- K. Ramalinga Swamy